svbi20200813b

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☑	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020

☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to .

Commission File Number 0-49731

SEVERN BANCORP, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Maryland	52-1726127
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. employer identification no.)

200 Westgate Circle, Suite 200 Annapolis, Maryland	21401
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

410-260-2000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and formal fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class:		Trading Symbol		Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share		SVBI		The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definition of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐		Accelerated filer ☑

Non- accelerated filer ☐		Smaller reporting company ☑

Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).Yes☐ No ☑

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

Common Stock, $0.01 par value - 12,817,391 shares outstanding as of November 6, 2020

Table of Contents

SEVERN BANCORP, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Table of Contents

		Page
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements

	Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 (unaudited)	3

	Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	4

	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	5

	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	6

	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (unaudited)	7

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	8

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	47

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	48


PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	49

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	49

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	50

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	50

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	50

Item 5.	Other Information	50

Item 6.	Exhibits	51

EXHIBIT INDEX		51

SIGNATURES		52

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Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as other periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), and written or oral communications made from time to time by or on behalf of Severn Bancorp and its subsidiaries (the “Company”), may contain statements relating to future events or future results of the Company that are considered “forward-looking statements” under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of words such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “estimate,” “intend,” and “potential,” or words of similar meaning, or future or conditional verbs such as “should,” “could,” or “may.” Forward-looking statements include statements of our goals, intentions and expectations; statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth, and operating strategies; statements regarding the quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.

Forward-looking statements reflect our expectation or prediction of future conditions, events, or results based on information currently available. These forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to differ materially from those in such statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the risks identified in Item 1A of the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Item 1A of Part II of the Company’s March 31, 2020 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Item 1A of Part II of the Company's June 30, 2020 Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and the following:

●

general business and economic conditions nationally or in the markets that the Company serves could adversely affect, among other things, real estate prices, unemployment levels, and consumer and business confidence, which could lead to decreases in the demand for loans, deposits, and other financial services that we provide and increases in loan delinquencies and defaults;

●

changes or volatility in the capital markets and interest rates may adversely impact the value of securities, loans, deposits, and other financial instruments and the interest rate sensitivity of our balance sheet as well as our liquidity;

●

our liquidity requirements could be adversely affected by changes in our assets and liabilities;

●

our investment securities portfolio is subject to credit risk, market risk, and liquidity risk as well as changes in the estimates we use to value certain of the securities in our portfolio;

●

the effect of legislative or regulatory developments including changes in laws concerning taxes, banking, securities, insurance, and other aspects of the financial services industry;

●

competitive factors among financial services companies, including product and pricing pressures, and our ability to attract, develop, and retain qualified banking professionals;

●

the effect of fiscal and governmental policies of the United States (“U.S.”) federal government;

●

the effect of any mergers, acquisitions, or other transactions to which we or our subsidiaries may from time to time be a party;

●

costs and potential disruption or interruption of operations due to cyber-security incidents;

●

the effect of any change in federal government enforcement of federal laws affecting the medical-use cannabis industry;

●

costs and potential disruption or interruption of operations due to global pandemics such as COVID-19;

●

the effect of changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board, the SEC, the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, and other regulatory agencies; and;

●

geopolitical conditions, including acts or threats of terrorism, actions taken by the U.S. or other governments in response to acts or threats of terrorism, and/or military conflicts, which could impact business and economic conditions in the U.S. and abroad.

Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. The Company does not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect circumstances or events that occur after the date of this report or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events except as required by federal securities laws.

Table of Contents

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.

Financial Statements

Severn Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

	*September 30,*			*December 31,*
	*2020*			*2019*
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	3,315		$	2,892
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in other banks		139,508			85,301
Cash and cash equivalents		142,823			88,193
Certificates of deposit held for investment		4,828			7,540
Securities available for sale, at fair value		54,205			12,906
Securities held to maturity (fair value of $20,440 and $26,158 at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively)		19,709			25,960
Mortgage loans held for sale, at fair value		21,722			10,910
Loans receivable		660,315			645,685
Allowance for loan losses		(8,675	)		(7,138	)
Loans, net		651,640			638,547
Real estate acquired through foreclosure		1,010			2,387
Restricted stock investments		1,661			2,431
Premises and equipment, net		21,273			22,144
Accrued interest receivable		2,521			2,458
Deferred income taxes		1,407			1,748
Bank owned life insurance		5,484			5,377
Goodwill		1,104			1,104
Securities purchased not settled		2,499			—
Other assets		7,033			5,214
Total assets	$	938,919		$	826,919
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Liabilities:
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing	$	240,498		$	122,901
Interest-bearing		542,740			538,148
Total deposits		783,238			661,049
Long-term borrowings		20,000			35,000
Subordinated debentures		20,619			20,619
Liability for securities purchased not settled		2,499			—
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		4,286			4,779
Total liabilities		830,642			721,447
Stockholders' Equity:
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 20,000,000 shares authorized; 12,812,976 and 12,810,926 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively		128			128
Additional paid-in capital		66,060			65,944
Retained earnings		42,108			39,445
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(19	)		(45	)
Total stockholders' equity		108,277			105,472
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	938,919		$	826,919

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

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Severn Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

	*Three Months Ended September 30,*						*Nine Months Ended September 30,*
	*2020*			*2019*			*2020*		*2019*
Interest income:
Loans	$	7,601		$	9,146		$	24,017	$	27,539
Securities		272			224			707		724
Other earning assets		68			484			494		2,358
Total interest income		7,941			9,854			25,218		30,621
Interest expense:
Deposits		1,142			1,732			4,322		5,499
Borrowings and subordinated debentures		269			473			966		1,543
Total interest expense		1,411			2,205			5,288		7,042
Net interest income		6,530			7,649			19,930		23,579
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses		100			(500	)		850		(500	)
Net interest income after provision for (reversal of) loan losses		6,430			8,149			19,080		24,079
Noninterest income:
Mortgage-banking revenue		2,922			1,108			6,546		2,915
Real estate commissions		416			430			856		1,290
Real estate management fees		150			144			470		470
Deposit service charges		565			565			1,696		1,621
Title company revenue		426			362			890		841
Other noninterest income		234			204			517		551
Total noninterest income		4,713			2,813			10,975		7,688
Noninterest expense:
Compensation and related expenses		6,046			5,065			16,678		14,499
Occupancy		385			379			1,348		1,183
Legal fees		9			59			192		134
Write-downs, losses, and costs of real estate acquired through foreclosure, net of gains		(48	)		105			42		254
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance premiums		52			58			89		177
Professional fees		150			255			624		838
Advertising		254			235			705		635
Data processing		457			414			1,313		1,110
Credit report and appraisal fees		49			69			152		133
Licensing and software		252			266			708		741
Loss on disposal of premises and equipment		—			—			76		—
Other noninterest expense		756			765			2,174		2,229
Total noninterest expense		8,362			7,670			24,101		21,933
Net income before income tax provision		2,781			3,292			5,954		9,834
Income tax provision		883			911			1,754		2,668
Net income	$	1,898		$	2,381		$	4,200	$	7,166
Net income per common share - basic	$	0.15		$	0.19		$	0.33	$	0.56
Net income per common share - diluted	$	0.15		$	0.19		$	0.33	$	0.56

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

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Severn Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(dollars in thousands)

(unaudited)

	*Three Months Ended September 30,*					*Nine Months Ended September 30,*
	*2020*			*2019*		*2020*		*2019*
Net income	$	1,898		$	2,381	$	4,200	$	7,166
Other comprehensive income item:
Unrealized holding (losses) gains on available-for-sale securities arising during the period (net of tax (benefit) expense of $(47), $5, $10, and $26)		(124	)		8		26		70
Total other comprehensive (loss) income		(124	)		8		26		70
Total comprehensive income	$	1,774		$	2,389	$	4,226	$	7,236

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

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Severn Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)

	*Three Months Ended September 30, 2020*
	*Number of*									*Accumulated*
	*Shares of*				*Additional*					*Other*			*Total*
	*Common*		*Common*		*Paid-In*		*Retained*			*Comprehensive*			*Stockholders'*
	*Stock*		*Stock*		*Capital*		*Earnings*			*Income (Loss)*			*Equity*
Balance at July 1, 2020		12,812,976	$	128	$	66,026	$	40,723		$	105		$	106,982
Net income		—		—		—		1,898			—			1,898
Stock-based compensation		—		—		34		—			—			34
Dividends paid on common stock at $0.04 per share		—		—		—		(513	)		—			(513	)
Other comprehensive loss		—		—		—		—			(124	)		(124	)
Balance at September 30, 2020		12,812,976	$	128	$	66,060	$	42,108		$	(19	)	$	108,277

	*Three Months Ended September 30, 2019*
	*Number of*									*Accumulated*
	*Shares of*				*Additional*					*Other*			*Total*
	*Common*		*Common*		*Paid-In*		*Retained*			*Comprehensive*			*Stockholders'*
	*Stock*		*Stock*		*Capital*		*Earnings*			*Loss*			*Equity*
Balance at July 1, 2019		12,775,137	$	128	$	65,696	$	36,878		$	(11	)	$	102,691
Net income		—		—		—		2,381			—			2,381
Stock-based compensation		—		—		32		—			—			32
Dividends paid on common stock at $0.04 per share		—		—		—		(509	)		—			(509	)
Exercise of stock options		2,400		—		16		—			—			16
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—			8			8
Balance at September 30, 2019		12,777,537	$	128	$	65,744	$	38,750		$	(3	)	$	104,619

	*Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020*
	*Number of*									*Accumulated*
	*Shares of*				*Additional*					*Other*			*Total*
	*Common*		*Common*		*Paid-In*		*Retained*			*Comprehensive*			*Stockholders'*
	*Stock*		*Stock*		*Capital*		*Earnings*			*Loss*			*Equity*
Balance at January 1, 2020		12,810,926	$	128	$	65,944	$	39,445		$	(45	)	$	105,472
Net income		—		—		—		4,200			—			4,200
Stock-based compensation		—		—		102		—			—			102
Dividends paid on common stock at $0.12 per share		—		—		—		(1,537	)		—			(1,537	)
Exercise of stock options		2,050		—		14		—			—			14
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—			26			26
Balance at September 30, 2020		12,812,976	$	128	$	66,060	$	42,108		$	(19	)	$	108,277

	*Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019*
	*Number of*									*Accumulated*
	*Shares of*				*Additional*					*Other*			*Total*
	*Common*		*Common*		*Paid-In*		*Retained*			*Comprehensive*			*Stockholders'*
	*Stock*		*Stock*		*Capital*		*Earnings*			*Loss*			*Equity*
Balance at January 1, 2019		12,759,576	$	128	$	65,538	$	32,860		$	(73	)	$	98,453
Net income		—		—		—		7,166			—			7,166
Stock-based compensation		—		—		109		—			—			109
Dividends paid on common stock at $0.10 per share		—		—		—		(1,276	)		—			(1,276	)
Exercise of stock options		17,961		—		97		—			—			97
Other comprehensive income		—		—		—		—			70			70
Balance at September 30, 2019		12,777,537	$	128	$	65,744	$	38,750		$	(3	)	$	104,619

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

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Severn Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(dollars in thousands)

(unaudited)

	*Nine Months Ended September 30,*
	*2020*			*2019*
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	4,200		$	7,166
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash from operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		1,178			1,061
Amortization of deferred loan fees		(1,587	)		(1,403	)
Net accretion of premiums and discounts on securities		189			120
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses		850			(500	)
Write-downs and losses on real estate acquired through foreclosure, net of gains		80			244
Gain on sale of mortgage loans		(6,546	)		(2,915	)
Loss on disposal of property		76			—
Proceeds from sale of mortgage loans held for sale		208,479			130,129
Originations of loans held for sale		(212,745	)		(135,766	)
Stock-based compensation		102			109
Increase in cash surrender value of bank-owned life insurance		(107	)		(116	)
Deferred income taxes		331			435
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable		(63	)		334
Increase in other assets		(1,821	)		(2,567	)
(Decrease) increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities		(493	)		2,874
Net cash used in operating activities		(7,877	)		(795	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Redemption of certificates of deposit held for investment		2,712			1,240
Loan principal (disbursements), net of repayments		(12,356	)		22,722
Redemption of restricted stock investments		770			1,335
Purchases of premises and equipment, net		(383	)		(700	)
Activity in securities held to maturity:
Maturities/calls/repayments		6,180			8,535
Activity in available-for-sale securities:
Purchases		(49,602	)		—
Maturities/calls/repayments		8,223			3,000
Proceeds from sales of real estate acquired through foreclosure		1,297			107
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities		(43,159	)		36,239
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase (decrease) in deposits		122,189			(122,352	)
Repayments of long-term borrowings		(15,000	)		(35,000	)
Common stock dividends		(1,537	)		(1,276	)
Exercise of stock options		14			97
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities		105,666			(158,531	)
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents		54,630			(123,087	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		88,193			188,340
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	142,823		$	65,253
Supplemental Noncash Disclosures:
Interest paid on deposits and borrowed funds	$	5,392		$	7,148
Income taxes paid		2,421			1,919
Real estate acquired in satisfaction of loans		—			687
Initial recognition of operating lease right-of-use asset		—			2,684
Initial recognition of operating lease liability		—			2,684
Transfers of mortgage loans held for sale to loan portfolio		—			648

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements

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Severn Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiaries

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(unaudited)

Note 1 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accounting and reporting policies of Severn Bancorp, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”) conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S.”) (“GAAP”) and prevailing practices within the financial services industry for interim financial information and Rule 8-03 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required for complete financial statements and prevailing practices within the banking industry. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (comprising only of those of a normal recurring nature) necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations for the interim periods presented have been made. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2020 or any other interim or future period. Events occurring after the date of the financial statements up to the date the financial statements were available to be issued were considered in the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.

These statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s 2019 Annual Report on Form 10-K as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).

Principles of Consolidation

The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Severn Bancorp, Inc., and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Mid-Maryland Title Company, Inc., SBI Mortgage Company, and Severn Savings Bank, FSB (the “Bank”), along with the Bank’s subsidiaries, Louis Hyatt, Inc., Homeowners Title and Escrow Corporation, Severn Financial Services Corporation, SSB Realty Holdings, LLC, SSB Realty Holdings II, LLC, and HS West, LLC. Also included are the accounts of SBI Mortgage Company’s subsidiary, Crownsville Development Corporation, and its subsidiary, Crownsville Holdings I, LLC. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the financial statements requires management to exercise significant judgment or discretion or make significant assumptions and estimates based on the information available that have, or could have, a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets or on income. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the periods presented. The accounting policies we view as critical are those relating to the allowance for loan losses (“Allowance”), the valuation of real estate acquired through foreclosure, and the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities.

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Cash Flows

For reporting purposes, assets grouped in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition under the captions “Cash and due from banks” and “Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in other banks” are considered cash or cash equivalents. For financial statement purposes, these assets are carried at cost. Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits in other banks generally have overnight maturities and are in excess of amounts that would be recoverable under Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to amounts previously reported to conform to current period presentation.

COVID-19 Risks and Uncertainties

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) as a global pandemic, which continues to spread throughout the U.S. and around the world. The declaration of a global pandemic indicates that almost all public commerce and related business activities must be, to varying degrees, curtailed with the goal of decreasing the rate of new infections. The outbreak of COVID-19 has adversely impacted and could continue to adversely impact a broad range of industries in which the Company’s customers operate and impair their ability to fulfill their financial obligations to the Company. On March 3, 2020, the Federal Open Market Committee reduced the target federal funds rate by 50 basis points to a target range of 1.00% to 1.25%. This rate was further reduced to a target range of 0% to 0.25% on March 16, 2020. These reductions in interest rates and other effects of the COVID-19 outbreak has affected and may continue to adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations. As a result of the spread of COVID-19, economic uncertainties have arisen which are likely to negatively impact net interest income, noninterest income, credit quality, the Allowance, and the provision for loan losses. Additionally, there could be a potential for goodwill impairment. Other financial impact could occur though such potential impact is unknown at this time.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Pronouncements Issued

In September 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016 13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses, which sets forth a current expected credit loss (“CECL”) model which requires the Company to measure all expected credit losses for financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable supportable forecasts. This replaces the existing incurred loss model and is applicable to the measurement of credit losses on financial assets measured at amortized cost and applies to some off-balance sheet credit exposures. This ASU was originally effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. In July 2019, the FASB issued a proposal to delay the implementation for smaller reporting companies such as us until January 2023. In October, 2019, that proposal was finalized with the issuance of ASU 2019-05, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief. ASU 2019-05 was issued to address concerns with the adoption of ASU 2016-13. ASU 2019-05 gives entities the ability to irrevocably elect the fair value option in Subtopic 825-10 for certain existing financial assets upon transition to ASU 2016-03. Financial assets that are eligible for this fair value election are those that qualify under Subtopic 825-10 and are within the scope of Subtopic 326-10, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses - Measured at Amortized Costs. An exception to this is held-to-maturity (“HTM”) debt securities, which do not qualify for this transition election. The effective date for the amendment is the same as the effective date in ASU 2016-03. In November 2019, FASB issued ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates. ASU 2019-10 was issued to defer the effective dates for certain guidance for certain entities. The amendments in this update amend the mandatory effective dates for ASC 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, for entities eligible to be smaller reporting companies as defined by the SEC for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period.

We have contracted with a third party vendor to assist in the transition to CECL. The Bank has purchased the third party vendor’s CECL software and has separately contracted with their advisory services group to help with the installation and transition. As the Bank has been using other software of this specific vendor, they have access to the Bank’s historical data. As the third party vendor has many financial institution clients, they will be able to provide peer group data to the extent the Bank’s data is not sufficient to make the many determinations required under CECL. We are continuing the process of determining appropriate loan pools and economic factors to be used for CECL calculations. Although the implementation of CECL has been delayed, the Bank is continuing with the implementation at a pace to ensure that we will be in position to completely transition to CECL by the required date.

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While we are still in the process of evaluating the impact of the amended guidance on our Consolidated Financial Statements, it is quite possible that the Allowance will increase upon adoption given that the Allowance will be required to cover the full remaining expected life of the portfolio upon adoption, rather than the incurred loss model under current GAAP. The extent of this increase is still being evaluated and will depend on economic conditions and the composition of our loan portfolio at the time of adoption.

In November 2019, FASB issued ASU 2019-11, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses. ASU 2019-11 was issued to address issues raised by stakeholders during the implementation of ASU 2016-13. ASU 2019-11 provides transition relief when adjusting the effective interest rate for troubled debt restructure loans (“TDR” or “TDRs”) that exist as of the adoption date, extends the disclosure relief in ASU 2019-04 to disclose accrued interest receivable balances separately from the amortized cost basis to additional disclosures involving amortized cost basis, and provides clarification regarding application of the guidance in paragraph 326-20-35-6 for financial assets secured by collateral maintenance provisions that provide a practical expedient to measure the estimate of expected credit losses by comparing the amortized cost basis of a financial asset and the fair value of collateral securing the financial asset as of the reporting date. The effective date and transition requirements for the amendment are the same as the effective date and transition requirements in ASU 2016-13.

In December 2019, FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Taxes, which simplifies the accounting for incomes taxes by removing certain exceptions in the current codification. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of ASU No. 2019 12 is not expected to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

In January 2020, FASB issued ASU No. 2020-01, Investments – Equity securities (Topic 321), Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), which clarifies the interaction between the three Topics. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. The adoption of ASU No. 2020 01 is not expected to have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Note 2 - Securities

The amortized cost and fair values of our available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities portfolio were as follows:

	*September 30, 2020*
	*Amortized*		*Unrealized*		*Unrealized*
	*Cost*		*Gains*		*Losses*		*Fair Value*
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. government agency notes	$	6,349	$	58	$	23	$	6,384
Corporate obligations		2,000		—		14		1,986
Mortgage-backed securities		45,882		207		254		45,835
	$	54,231	$	265	$	291	$	54,205

	*December 31, 2019*
	*Amortized*		*Unrealized*		*Unrealized*
	*Cost*		*Gains*		*Losses*		*Fair Value*
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. government agency notes	$	5,017	$	2	$	—	$	5,019
Mortgage-backed securities		7,951		—		64		7,887
	$	12,968	$	2	$	64	$	12,906

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The amortized cost and fair values of our HTM securities portfolio were as follows:

	*September 30, 2020*
	*Amortized*		*Unrealized*		*Unrealized*		*Fair*
	*Cost*		*Gains*		*Losses*		*Value*
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	999	$	4	$	—	$	1,003
U.S. government agency notes		2,985		160		—		3,145
Mortgage-backed securities		15,725		567		—		16,292
	$	19,709	$	731	$	—	$	20,440

	*December 31, 2019*
	*Amortized*		*Unrealized*		*Unrealized*		*Fair*
	*Cost*		*Gains*		*Losses*		*Value*
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	994	$	14	$	—	$	1,008
U.S. government agency notes		4,986		100		5		5,081
Mortgage-backed securities		19,980		114		25		20,069
	$	25,960	$	228	$	30	$	26,158

Gross unrealized losses and fair value by length of time that the individual AFS securities have been in an unrealized loss position at the dates indicated are presented in the following tables:

	*September 30, 2020*
	*Less than 12 months*						*12 months or more*						*Total*
	*# of*		*Fair*		*Unrealized*		*# of*		*Fair*		*Unrealized*		*# of*		*Fair*		*Unrealized*
	*Securities*		*Value*		*Losses*		*Securities*		*Value*		*Losses*		*Securities*		*Value*		*Losses*
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. government agency notes		3	$	2,716	$	23		—	$	—	$	—		3	$	2,716	$	23
Corporate obligations		1		1,986		14		—		—		—		1		1,986		14
Mortgage-backed securities		30		30,483		254		—		—		—		30		30,483		254
		34	$	35,185	$	291		—	$	—	$	—		34	$	35,185	$	291

	*December 31, 2019*
	*Less than 12 months*						*12 months or more*						*Total*
	*# of*		*Fair*		*Unrealized*		*# of*		*Fair*		*Unrealized*		*# of*		*Fair*		*Unrealized*
	*Securities*		*Value*		*Losses*		*Securities*		*Value*		*Losses*		*Securities*		*Value*		*Losses*
	(dollars in thousands)
Mortgage-backed securities		7	$	7,887	$	64		—	$	—	$	—		7	$	7,887	$	64
		7	$	7,887	$	64		—	$	—	$	—		7	$	7,887	$	64

Gross unrealized losses and fair value by length of time that the individual HTM securities have been in an unrealized loss position at the dates indicated are presented in the following table as of December 31, 2019. There were no HTM securities in an unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2020.

	*Less than 12 months*						*12 months or more*						*Total*
	*# of*		*Fair*		*Unrealized*		*# of*		*Fair*		*Unrealized*		*# of*		*Fair*		*Unrealized*
	*Securities*		*Value*		*Losses*		*Securities*		*Value*		*Losses*		*Securities*		*Value*		*Losses*
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. government agency notes		—	$	—	$	—		3	$	3,003	$	5		3		3,003		5
Mortgage-backed securities		2		2,544		17		2		1,238		8		4		3,782		25
		2	$	2,544	$	17		5	$	4,241	$	13		7	$	6,785	$	30

All of the securities that are currently in a gross unrealized loss position are so due to declines in fair values resulting from changes in interest rates or increased liquidity spreads since the time they were purchased. We have the intent and ability to hold these debt securities to maturity (including the AFS securities) and do not intend to sell, nor do we believe it will be more likely than not that we will be required to sell, any impaired securities prior to a recovery of amortized cost. We expect these securities will be repaid in full, with no losses realized. As such, management considers any impairment to be temporary.

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Contractual maturities of debt securities at September 30, 2020 are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

	*AFS Securities*				*HTM Securities*
	*Amortized*		*Fair*		*Amortized*		*Fair*
	*Cost*		*Value*		*Cost*		*Value*
	(dollars in thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	—	$	—	$	2,000	$	2,006
Due after one through five years		155		155		1,984		2,142
Due after five years through ten years		4,728		4,753		—		—
Due after 10 years		3,466		3,462		—		—
Mortgage-backed securities		45,882		45,835		15,725		16,292
	$	54,231	$	54,205	$	19,709	$	20,440

We did not sell any securities during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2020 or 2019.

There were no securities pledged as collateral as of September 30, 2020 or December 31, 2019.

Note 3 - Loans Receivable and Allowance for Loan Losses

Loans receivable are summarized as follows:

	*September 30, 2020*			*December 31, 2019*
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	237,771		$	269,654
Commercial		88,683			43,127
Commercial real estate		239,570			229,257
Construction, land acquisition, and development		84,392			92,822
Home equity/2nds		12,130			12,031
Consumer		1,436			1,541
Total loans receivable, before net unearned fees		663,982			648,432
Unearned loan fees		(3,667	)		(2,747	)
Loans receivable	$	660,315		$	645,685

Certain loans in the amount of $128.4 million have been pledged under a blanket floating lien to the Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”) as collateral against advances at September 30, 2020.

At September 30, 2020, the Bank was servicing $112.0 million in loans for the Federal National Mortgage Association (“FNMA”) and $23.9 million in loans for the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”). At December 31, 2019, the Bank was servicing $25.9 million in loans for FNMA and $13.0 million in loans for FHLMC. These loans are not included in the table above. Also not included in the table above were mortgage-servicing rights (“MSRs”) of $980,000 and $323,000 as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Credit Quality

An Allowance is provided through charges to income in an amount that management believes will be adequate to absorb losses on existing loans that may become uncollectible based on evaluations of the collectability of loans and prior loan loss experience. Management has an established methodology to determine the adequacy of the Allowance that assesses the risks and losses inherent in the loan portfolio. The methodology takes into consideration such factors as changes in the nature and volume of the loan portfolio, overall portfolio quality, review of specific problem loans, and current economic conditions that may affect the borrowers’ ability to pay. Determining the amount of the Allowance requires the use of estimates and assumptions. Actual results could differ significantly from those estimates. While management uses all available information to estimate losses on loans, future additions to the Allowance may be necessary based on changes in economic conditions and our actual loss experience. In addition, various regulatory agencies periodically review the Allowance as an integral part of their examination process. Such agencies may require us to recognize additions to the Allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination. Management believes the Allowance is adequate as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

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For purposes of determining the Allowance, we have segmented our loan portfolio by product type. Our portfolio loan segments are residential mortgage, commercial, commercial real estate, construction, land acquisition, and development (“ADC”), Home equity/2nds, and consumer. We have looked at all segments and have determined that no additional subcategorization is warranted based upon our consideration of risk. Our portfolio classes are the same as our portfolio segments.

Inherent Credit Risks

The inherent credit risks within the loan portfolio vary depending upon the loan class as follows:

Residential mortgage - secured by one to four family dwelling units. The loans generally have limited risk as they are secured by first mortgages on the unit, which are generally the primary residence of the borrower, and are generally at a loan-to-value ratio (“LTV”) of 80% or less.

Commercial - underwritten in accordance with our policies and include evaluating historical and projected profitability and cash flow to determine the borrower’s ability to repay the obligation as agreed. Commercial loans are made primarily based on the identified cash flow of the borrower and secondarily on the underlying collateral supporting the loan. Accordingly, the repayment of a commercial loan depends primarily on the creditworthiness of the borrower (and any guarantors), while liquidation of collateral is a secondary and often insufficient source of repayment. These loans are viewed primarily as cash flow dependent and, secondarily, as loans secured by real-estate and/or other assets. Repayment of these loans is generally dependent upon the principal business conducted on the property securing the loan. Line of credit loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or the economy in general. Management monitors and evaluates line of credit loans based on collateral and risk-rating criteria.

U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”) Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) - We are participating in the PPP and began origination of such loans that are expected to be 100% guaranteed by the SBA. This loan program was designed to assist our commercial customers in remaining operational during this time of uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. As of September 30, 2020, we held $46.9 million in PPP loans in our loan portfolio, all of which have an interest forbearance piece.

Commercial real estate - subject to the underwriting standards and processes similar to commercial, in addition to those underwriting standards for real estate loans. These loans are viewed primarily as loans secured by real estate and secondarily as cash flow dependent. As repayment of these loans is generally dependent upon the successful operation of the property securing the loan, we look closely at the cash flows generated by the property securing the loan, although the primary underwriting criteria for these loan types is the sufficient value of the underlying collateral. Commercial real estate loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or the economy in general. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral and risk-rating criteria. The Bank also utilizes third-party experts to provide environmental and market valuations. The nature of commercial real estate loans makes them more difficult to monitor and evaluate.

ADC - underwritten in accordance with our underwriting policies which include a financial analysis of the developers, property owners, construction cost estimates, and independent appraisal valuations. These loans will rely on the value associated with the project upon completion. These cost and valuation estimates may be inaccurate. Construction loans generally involve the disbursement of substantial funds over a short period of time with repayment substantially dependent upon the success of the completed project rather than the ability of the borrower or guarantor to repay principal and interest. Additionally, land is underwritten according to our policies which include independent appraisal valuations as well as the estimated value associated with the land upon completion of development. These cost and valuation estimates may be inaccurate.

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The sources of repayment of these loans is typically permanent financing expected to be obtained upon completion or sales of developed property. These loans are closely monitored by onsite inspections and are considered to be of a higher risk than other real estate loans due to their ultimate repayment being sensitive to general economic conditions, availability of long-term financing, interest rate sensitivity, and governmental regulation of real property.

If the Bank is forced to foreclose on a project prior to or at completion due to a default, there can be no assurance that the Bank will be able to recover all of the unpaid balance of the loan as well as related foreclosure and holding costs. In addition, the Bank may be required to fund additional amounts to complete the project and may have to hold the property for an unspecified period of time.

Home equity/2nds - subject to the underwriting standards and processes similar to residential mortgages and secured by one to four family dwelling units. Home equity/2nds loans have greater risk than residential mortgages as a result of the Bank generally being in a second lien position.

Consumer - consist of loans to individuals through the Bank’s retail network and typically unsecured or secured by personal property. Consumer loans have a greater credit risk than residential loans because of the lower value of the underlying collateral, if any.

COVID-19 - The COVID-19 pandemic has created additional risk for all loan segments due to the economic downturn, both nationally and locally. Many businesses were temporarily shut down and many people were unemployed during the national and local “stay at home” orders that were in place in many areas during the beginning of the second quarter of 2020. Although most “stay at home” orders have since been lifted, many businesses are operating at significantly reduced capacities and many people remain unemployed. During this time of economic uncertainty, borrowers have faced and could continue to face extended periods of unemployment and may not be able to meet their loan obligations. Additionally, real estate collateral values could significantly decline and full repayment of loans could be in doubt. We have adjusted some of our economic qualitative factors that affect our Allowance calculation to reflect our best estimate of these risks. Management will continue to evaluate the adequacy of the Allowance as more economic data becomes available and as changes within our portfolio are known. The effects of the pandemic may require us to fund additional increases in the Allowance in future periods.

Section 4013 of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) provides that a qualified loan modification is exempt by law from classification as a TDR pursuant to U.S. GAAP in certain circumstances. In addition, OCC Bulletin 2020-35 provides more limited circumstances in which a loan modification is not subject to classification as a TDR.

CARES Act Section 4013 and OCC Bulletin 2020-35 forbearance agreements are available to both qualified commercial and consumer loan borrowers. Due to the widespread impact of COVID-19, we have had loan borrowers seek loan forbearance or loan modification agreements under the CARES Act. We held $101.9 million in loans modified under the CARES Act as of September 30, 2020, most of which have an interest deferral component. Such deferral periods range from one month to six months. We have recorded $122,000 in interest that has not yet been collected on $10.6 million in loans due to the forbearance agreements.

The following tables present, by portfolio segment, the changes in the Allowance and the recorded investment in loans:

	*Three Months Ended September 30, 2020*
	*Residential*					*Commercial*						*Home Equity/*
	*Mortgage*			*Commercial*		*Real Estate*			*ADC*			*2nds*		*Consumer*		*Unallocated*			*Total*
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning Balance	$	2,422		$	1,677	$	1,078		$	2,789		$	165	$	—	$	38		$	8,169
Charge-offs		(39	)		—		(49	)		—			—		—		—			(88	)
Recoveries		453			3		34			—			4		—		—			494
Net recoveries (charge-offs)		414			3		(15	)		—			4		—		—			406
(Reversal of) provision for loan losses		(397	)		3		506			(10	)		9				(11	)		100
Ending Balance	$	2,439		$	1,683	$	1,569		$	2,779		$	178	$	—	$	27		$	8,675

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	*Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020*
	*Residential*					*Commercial*					*Home Equity/*
	*Mortgage*			*Commercial*		*Real Estate*			*ADC*		*2nds*		*Consumer*			*Unallocated*			*Total*
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning Balance	$	2,264		$	1,421	$	984		$	2,286	$	134	$	—		$	49		$	7,138
Charge-offs		(39	)		—		(49	)		—		—		(15	)		—			(103	)
Recoveries		633			11		136			—		7		3			—			790
Net recoveries (charge-offs)		594			11		87			—		7		(12	)		—			687
(Reversal of) provision for loan losses		(419	)		251		498			493		37		12			(22	)		850
Ending Balance	$	2,439		$	1,683	$	1,569		$	2,779	$	178	$	—		$	27		$	8,675

Ending balance - individually evaluated for impairment	$	577		$	—	$	58		$	29	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	664
Ending balance - collectively evaluated for impairment		1,862			1,683		1,511			2,750		178		—			27			8,011
	$	2,439		$	1,683	$	1,569		$	2,779	$	178	$	—		$	27		$	8,675

Ending loan balance -individually evaluated for impairment	$	12,144		$	—	$	1,258		$	317	$	508	$	64					$	14,291
Ending loan balance -collectively evaluated for impairment		225,627			88,683		238,312			84,075		11,622		1,372						649,691
	$	237,771		$	88,683	$	239,570		$	84,392	$	12,130	$	1,436					$	663,982

	*December 31, 2019*
	*Residential*				*Commercial*				*Home Equity/*
	*Mortgage*		*Commercial*		*Real Estate*		*ADC*		*2nds*		*Consumer*		*Unallocated*		*Total*
	(dollars in thousands)
Ending balance - individually evaluated for impairment	$	752	$	—	$	64	$	32	$	2	$	—	$	—	$	850
Ending balance - collectively evaluated for impairment		1,512		1,421		920		2,254		132		—		49		6,288
	$	2,264	$	1,421	$	984	$	2,286	$	134	$	—	$	49	$	7,138

Ending loan balance - individually evaluated for impairment	$	11,517	$	—	$	1,221	$	880	$	563	$	69			$	14,250
Ending loan balance - collectively evaluated for impairment		258,137		43,127		228,036		91,942		11,468		1,472				634,182
	$	269,654	$	43,127	$	229,257	$	92,822	$	12,031	$	1,541			$	648,432

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	*Three Months Ended September 30, 2019*
	*Residential*						*Commercial*						*Home Equity/*
	*Mortgage*			*Commercial*			*Real Estate*			*ADC*			*2nds*		*Consumer*			*Unallocated*			*Total*
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning Balance	$	2,566		$	1,566		$	792		$	2,683		$	223	$	—		$	263		$	8,093
Charge-offs		—			—			(199	)		—			—		(2	)		—			(201	)
Recoveries		3			—			30			—			3		3			—			39
Net recoveries (charge-offs)		3			—			(169	)		—			3		1			—			(162	)
(Reversal of) provision for loan losses		(182	)		(54	)		346			(370	)		—		(1	)		(239	)		(500	)
Ending Balance	$	2,387		$	1,512		$	969		$	2,313		$	226	$	—		$	24		$	7,431

	*Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019*
	*Residential*						*Commercial*					*Home Equity/*
	*Mortgage*			*Commercial*			*Real Estate*			*ADC*		*2nds*			*Consumer*			*Unallocated*			*Total*
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning Balance	$	2,224		$	2,736		$	457		$	2,239	$	222		$	1		$	165		$	8,044
Charge-offs		(20	)		—			(199	)		—		—			(14	)		—			(233	)
Recoveries		11			—			97			—		9			3			—			120
Net (charge-offs) recoveries		(9	)		—			(102	)		—		9			(11	)		—			(113	)
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses		172			(1,224	)		614			74		(5	)		10			(141	)		(500	)
Ending Balance	$	2,387		$	1,512		$	969		$	2,313	$	226		$	—		$	24		$	7,431

Ending balance - individually evaluated for impairment	$	799		$	—		$	65		$	32	$	2		$	—		$	—		$	898
Ending balance - collectively evaluated for impairment		1,588			1,512			904			2,281		224			—			24			6,533
	$	2,387		$	1,512		$	969		$	2,313	$	226		$	—		$	24		$	7,431

Ending loan balance - individually evaluated for impairment	$	11,272		$	—		$	1,685		$	729	$	579		$	71					$	14,336
Ending loan balance - collectively evaluated for impairment		260,064			44,774			239,079			92,621		11,351			1,474						649,363
	$	271,336		$	44,774		$	240,764		$	93,350	$	11,930		$	1,545					$	663,699

The following tables present the credit quality breakdown of our loan portfolio by class:

	*September 30, 2020*
			*Special*
	*Pass*		*Mention*		*Substandard*		*Total*
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	232,055	$	—	$	5,716	$	237,771
Commercial		87,483		1,200		—		88,683
Commercial real estate		237,630		855		1,085		239,570
ADC		83,919		—		473		84,392
Home equity/2nds		12,017		—		113		12,130
Consumer		1,436		—		—		1,436
	$	654,540	$	2,055	$	7,387	$	663,982

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	*December 31, 2019*
			*Special*
	*Pass*		*Mention*		*Substandard*		*Total*
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	265,510	$	—	$	4,144	$	269,654
Commercial		41,927		1,200		—		43,127
Commercial real estate		225,363		2,835		1,059		229,257
ADC		92,304		—		518		92,822
Home equity/2nds		11,490		402		139		12,031
Consumer		1,541		—		—		1,541
	$	638,135	$	4,437	$	5,860	$	648,432

Management further monitors the performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the age of the portfolio as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due. The following tables present the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aging categories of performing loans and nonaccrual loans:

	*September 30, 2020*
	*Past Due*
	30-59		60-89		*90+*								*Non-*
	*Days*		*Days*		*Days*		*Total*		*Current*		*Total*		*Accrual*
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	445	$	49	$	4,648	$	5,142	$	232,629	$	237,771	$	5,356
Commercial		—		—		—		—		88,683		88,683		—
Commercial real estate		6		—		288		294		239,276		239,570		288
ADC		—		—		—		—		84,392		84,392		66
Home equity/2nds		61		—		113		174		11,956		12,130		122
Consumer		—		—		—		—		1,436		1,436		—
	$	512	$	49	$	5,049	$	5,610	$	658,372	$	663,982	$	5,832

	*December 31, 2019*
	*Past Due*
	30-59		60-89		*90+*								*Non-*
	*Days*		*Days*		*Days*		*Total*		*Current*		*Total*		*Accrual*
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	3,183	$	81	$	2,200	$	5,464	$	264,190	$	269,654	$	3,766
Commercial		—		—		—		—		43,127		43,127		—
Commercial real estate		—		—		126		126		229,131		229,257		237
ADC		—		89		—		89		92,733		92,822		89
Home equity/2nds		—		—		139		139		11,892		12,031		150
Consumer		—		15		—		15		1,526		1,541		—
	$	3,183	$	185	$	2,465	$	5,833	$	642,599	$	648,432	$	4,242

We did not have any loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing as of September 30, 2020 or December 31, 2019.

The interest which would have been recorded on the above nonaccrual loans if those loans had been performing in accordance with their contractual terms was approximately $595,000 and $440,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The actual interest earned on those loans amounted to $112,000 and $107,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

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The following tables summarize impaired loans:

	*September 30, 2020*						*December 31, 2019*
	*Unpaid*						*Unpaid*
	*Principal*		*Recorded*		*Related*		*Principal*		*Recorded*		*Related*
	*Balance*		*Investment*		*Allowance*		*Balance*		*Investment*		*Allowance*
With no related Allowance:	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	9,289	$	8,984	$	—	$	7,258	$	7,035	$	—
Commercial		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate		764		714		—		908		668		—
ADC		219		214		—		752		752		—
Home equity/2nds		924		508		—		996		553		—
Consumer		64		64		—		69		69		—
With a related Allowance:
Residential mortgage		3,284		3,160		577		4,604		4,482		752
Commercial		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate		544		544		58		553		553		64
ADC		103		103		29		128		128		32
Home equity/2nds		—		—		—		12		10		2
Consumer		—		—		—		—		—		—
Totals:
Residential mortgage		12,573		12,144		577		11,862		11,517		752
Commercial		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate		1,308		1,258		58		1,461		1,221		64
ADC		322		317		29		880		880		32
Home equity/2nds		924		508		—		1,008		563		2
Consumer		64		64		—		69		69		—

	*Three Months Ended September 30,*								*Nine Months Ended September 30,*
	*2020*				*2019*				*2020*				*2019*
	*Average*		*Interest*		*Average*		*Interest*		*Average*		*Interest*		*Average*		*Interest*
	*Recorded*		*Income*		*Recorded*		*Income*		*Recorded*		*Income*		*Recorded*		*Income*
	*Investment*		*Recognized*		*Investment*		*Recognized*		*Investment*		*Recognized*		*Investment*		*Recognized*
With no related Allowance:	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	8,767	$	72	$	6,355	$	57	$	8,616	$	206	$	6,797	$	198
Commercial		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		—
Commercial real estate		767		9		1,259		15		764		30		1,215		52
ADC		226		3		599		8		217		10		925		22
Home equity/2nds		337		7		574		11		320		21		775		32
Consumer		81		1		68		1		64		2		52		4
With a related Allowance:
Residential mortgage		3,721		28		4,943		66		3,701		100		5,532		206
Commercial		—		—		—		—		—		—		108		—
Commercial real estate		546		5		561		6		544		24		660		25
ADC		104		1		130		2		103		3		133		6
Home equity/2nds		—		—		11		—		—		—		17		1
Consumer		—		—		3		—		—		—		22		—
Totals:
Residential mortgage		12,488		100		11,298		123		12,317		306		12,329		404
Commercial		—		—		—		—		—		—		108		—
Commercial real estate		1,313		14		1,820		21		1,308		54		1,875		77
ADC		330		4		729		10		320		13		1,058		28
Home equity/2nds		337		7		585		11		320		21		792		33
Consumer		81		1		71		1		64		2		74		4

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There were $1.4 million in consumer mortgage properties included in real estate acquired through foreclosure at December 31, 2019. There were no such properties at September 30, 2020. Consumer mortgage loans secured by residential real estate properties for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process according to local requirements of the applicable jurisdiction totaled $4.8 million as of September 30, 2020 and $2.3 million as of December 31, 2019.

TDRs

See discussion above in this Note regarding the CARES Act relating to loan modifications during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Our portfolio of TDRs was accounted for under the following methods:

	*September 30, 2020*
									*Total*		*Total*
	*Number of*		*Accrual*		*Number of*		*Nonaccrual*		*Number of*		*Balance of*
	*Modifications*		*Status*		*Modifications*		*Status*		*Modifications*		*Modifications*
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage		26	$	6,716		1	$	80		27	$	6,796
Commercial real estate		2		969		—		—		2		969
ADC		1		129		—		—		1		129
Consumer		1		64		—		—		1		64
		30	$	7,878		1	$	80		31	$	7,958

	*December 31, 2019*
									*Total*		*Total*
	*Number of*		*Accrual*		*Number of*		*Nonaccrual*		*Number of*		*Balance of*
	*Modifications*		*Status*		*Modifications*		*Status*		*Modifications*		*Modifications*
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage		31	$	7,675		1	$	85		32	$	7,760
Commercial real estate		2		984		—		—		2		984
ADC		1		130		—		—		1		130
Consumer		2		69		—		—		2		69
		36	$	8,858		1	$	85		37	$	8,943

We did not modify any loans that would qualify as TDRs during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

There were no TDRs that defaulted during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2020 or 2019 which were modified during the previous 12 month period.

Note 4 - Regulatory Matters

In July 2013, federal bank regulatory agencies issued final rules to revise their risk-based capital requirements and the method for calculating risk-weighted assets to make them consistent with agreements that were reached by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and certain provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act (“Basel III”). On January 1, 2015, the Basel III rules became effective and included transition provisions which implement certain portions of the rules through January 1, 2019. Under the final rules, the effects of certain accumulated other comprehensive income items are not excluded, however, banking organizations like us that are not considered “advanced approaches” banking organizations may make a one-time permanent election to continue to exclude these items, which we have done.

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The Basel III rules also establish a “capital conservation buffer” of 2.5% above the regulatory minimum capital requirements, which must consist entirely of common equity Tier 1 capital. An institution would be subject to limitations on paying dividends, engaging in share repurchases, and paying discretionary bonuses to executive officers if its capital level falls below the buffer amount. These limitations establish a maximum percentage of eligible retained income that could be utilized for such actions.

As a result of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act, the federal banking agencies have developed a “Community Bank Leverage Ratio” (the ratio of a bank’s tier 1 capital to average total consolidated assets) for financial institutions with assets of less than $10 billion. A “qualifying community bank” that exceeds this ratio will be deemed to be in compliance with all other capital and leverage requirements, including the capital requirements to be considered “well capitalized” under Prompt Corrective Action statutes. The federal banking agencies have set the Community Bank Leverage Ratio at 9%. A financial institution can elect to be subject to this new definition, which we did on January 1, 2020. The CARES Act temporarily lowered this ratio to 8% beginning in the second quarter of 2020. The ratio would then rise to 8.5% for 2021 until it re-establishes at 9% on January 1, 2022.

As of the date of our last regulatory exam, the Bank was considered “well capitalized” and as of September 30, 2020, the Bank continued to meet the requirements to be considered “well capitalized” based on applicable U.S. regulatory capital ratio requirements.

The Bank’s regulatory capital amounts and ratios were as follows:

						*Minimum*					*Minimum*					*To be Well*
						*Requirements*					*Requirements*					*Capitalized Under*
						*for Capital Adequacy*					*with Capital*					*Prompt Corrective*
	*Actual*					*Purposes*					*Conservation Buffer*					*Action Provision*
	*Amount*		*Ratio*			*Amount*		*Ratio*			*Amount*		*Ratio*			*Amount*		*Ratio*
September 30, 2020	(dollars in thousands)
Community bank leverage ratio	$	120,056		13.6	%		61,822		7.0	%		N/A		N/A		$	70,654		8.0	%

December 31, 2019
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	117,492		18.5	%	$	28,617		4.5	%	$	44,515		7.0	%	$	41,336		6.5	%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)		124,619		19.6	%		50,875		8.0	%		66,773		10.5	%		63,593		10.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)		117,492		18.5	%		38,156		6.0	%		54,054		8.5	%		50,875		8.0	%
Tier 1 capital (to average quarterly assets)		117,492		13.4	%		34,995		4.0	%		56,867		6.5	%		43,744		5.0	%

Note 5 - Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for each period. Diluted earnings per share reflect additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate to outstanding stock options and are determined using the treasury stock method. There were 172,250 shares that were anti-dilutive for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. There were no shares that were anti-dilutive for the three or nine months ended September 30, 2019.

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Information relating to the calculations of our income per common share is summarized as follows:

	*Three Months Ended September 30,*				*Nine Months Ended September 30,*
	*2020*		*2019*		*2020*		*2019*
	(dollars in thousands, except for per share data)
Weighted-average shares outstanding - basic		12,812,976		12,776,911		12,812,864		12,775,104
Dilution		7,558		64,768		16,846		78,708
Weighted-average share outstanding - diluted		12,820,534		12,841,679		12,829,710		12,853,812

Net income	$	1,898	$	2,381	$	4,200	$	7,166
Net income per share - basic	$	0.15	$	0.19	$	0.33	$	0.56
Net income per share - diluted	$	0.15	$	0.19	$	0.33	$	0.56

Note 6 - Stock-Based Compensation

We maintain a stock-based compensation plan for directors, officers, and other key employees of the Company. The aggregate number of shares of common stock that could be issued with respect to the awards granted under the 2019 plan is 500,000. Under the terms of the 2019 stock-based compensation plan, the Company has the ability to grant various stock compensation incentives, including stock options, stock appreciation rights, and restricted stock. The 2019 stock-based compensation plan was granted under terms and conditions determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Under the 2019 stock-based compensation plan, stock options generally have a maximum term of ten years and are granted with an exercise price at least equal to the fair market value of the common stock on the date the options are granted. Generally, options granted to directors, officers, and employees of the Company vest over a five-year period, although the Compensation Committee has the authority to provide for different vesting schedules.

We account for stock-based compensation in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation, which requires all share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized as compensation expense in the Statement of Income at fair value. Additionally, we are required to recognize the expense of employee services received in share-based payment transactions and measure the expense based on the grant date fair value of the award. The expense is recognized over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. Stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated Statements of Income for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 totaled $34,000 and $32,000, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense included in the consolidated Statements of Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 totaled $102,000 and $109,000, respectively.

Information regarding our stock-based compensation plan is as follows as of and for the nine months ended September 30:

2020

2019

Weighted-

Weighted-

Average

Aggregate

Weighted-

Average

Aggregate

Average

Remaining

Intrinsic

Average

Remaining

Intrinsic

Number

Exercise

Contractual

Value

Number

Exercise

Contractual

Value

of Shares

Price

Term (in years)

(in thousands)

of Shares

Price

Term (in years)

(in thousands)

Outstanding at beginning of period

234,173

6.60

349,023

6.32

Granted

10,500

8.26

—

Exercised

(2,050

)

6.78

—

(17,961

)

5.39

Forfeited

(1,000

)

7.10

(54,000

)

6.58

Outstanding at end of period

241,623

6.67

2.2

277,062

6.33

2.6

461

Exercisable at end of period

183,416

6.41

1.8

185,970

5.94

2.0

383

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The stock-based compensation expense amounts and fair values of options at the time of the grants were derived using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The following weighted average assumptions were used to value options granted for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. There were no options granted in 2019.

Expected life	5.5 years
Risk-free interest rate		0.95	%
Expected volatility		27.83	%
Expected dividend yield	$	1.95
Weighted average per share fair value of options granted	$	1.75

As of September 30, 2020, there was $173,000 of total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to nonvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over the next 24 months.

Note 7 - Commitments and Contingencies

Off-Balance Sheet Instruments

The Bank is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financial needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated statements of financial condition. The contract amounts of these instruments express the extent of involvement we have in each class of financial instruments.

Our exposure to credit loss from nonperformance by the other party to the above mentioned financial instruments is represented by the contractual amount of those instruments. We use the same credit policies in making commitments and conditional obligations as we do for on-balance sheet instruments. Unless otherwise noted, we require collateral or other security to support financial instruments with off-balance sheet credit risk.

	*September 30,*		*December 31,*
	*2020*		*2019*
	(dollars in thousands)
Standby letters of credit	$	2,901	$	3,325
Home equity lines of credit		16,772		16,917
Unadvanced construction commitments		78,114		79,378
Mortgage loan commitments		1,069		701
Lines of credit		33,866		16,501
Loans sold and serviced with limited repurchase provisions		49,624		76,536

Standby letters of credit are conditional commitments issued by the Bank guaranteeing performance by a customer to various municipalities. These guarantees are issued primarily to support performance arrangements and are limited to real estate transactions. The majority of these standby letters of credit expire within twelve months, with automatic one year renewals. The Bank has the option to stop any automatic renewal. The credit risk involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending other loan commitments. The Bank requires collateral supporting these letters of credit as deemed necessary. Management believes, except for certain standby letters of credit, that the proceeds obtained through a liquidation of such collateral would be sufficient to cover the maximum potential amount of future payments required under the corresponding guarantees. The current amount of the liability as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 for guarantees under standby letters of credit issued was $8,000 and $14,000, respectively.

Home equity lines of credit are loan commitments to individuals as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments under home equity lines expire ten years after the date the loan closes and are secured by real estate. We evaluate each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis.

Unadvanced construction commitments are loan commitments made to borrowers for both residential and commercial projects that are either in process or are expected to begin construction shortly.

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Residential mortgage loan commitments not reflected in the accompanying statements of financial condition included one loan for $1.1 million at September 30, 2020 and three loans totaling $701,000 at December 31, 2019.

Lines of credit are loan commitments to individuals and companies as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Lines of credit have a fixed expiration date. The Bank evaluates each customer’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis.

The Bank has entered into several agreements to sell mortgage loans to third parties. These agreements contain limited provisions that require the Bank to repurchase a loan if the loan becomes delinquent within a period ranging generally from 120 to 180 days after the sale date depending on the investor agreement. The credit risk involved in these financial instruments is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. We did not repurchase any loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 or 2019.

Other Contingencies

The Company provides banking services to customers who do business in the medical-use cannabis industry. While the growing, processing, and sales of medical-use cannabis is legal in the state of Maryland, the business currently violates Federal law. The Company may be deemed to be aiding and abetting illegal activities through the services that it provides to these customers. The strict enforcement of Federal laws regarding medical-use cannabis would likely result in the Company’s inability to continue to provide banking services to these customers and the Company could have legal action taken against it by the Federal government, including imprisonment and fines. There is an uncertainty of the potential impact to the Company’s consolidated financial statements if the Federal government takes actions against the Company. As of September 30, 2020, the Company has not accrued an amount for the potential impact of any such actions.

Following is a summary of the level of business activities with our medical-use cannabis customers:

•

Deposit and loan balances at September 30, 2020 were approximately $46.7 million, or 6.0% of total deposits, and $18.7 million, or 2.8% of total loans, respectively. Deposit and loan balances at December 31, 2019 were approximately $22.8 million, or 3.4% of total deposits, and $14.0 million, or 2.2% of total loans, respectively.

•

Interest and noninterest income for the three months ended September 30, 2020 were approximately $202,000 and $1.6 million, respectively. Interest and noninterest income for the three months ended September 30, 2019 were approximately $227,000 and $515,000, respectively.

•

Interest and noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 were approximately $560,000 and $3.2 million, respectively. Interest and noninterest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 were approximately $655,000 and $1.5 million, respectively.

•

The volume of deposits in the accounts of medical-use cannabis customers for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was approximately $148.6 million and $381.4 million, respectively. The volume of deposits in the accounts of medical-use cannabis customers for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was approximately $70.5 million and $176.6 million, respectively.

Note 8 - Derivatives

We maintain and account for derivatives, in the form of interest-rate lock commitments (“IRLCs”) and mandatory forward contracts, in accordance with the FASB guidance on accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities. We recognize gains and losses on IRLCs, mandatory forward contracts, and best effort forward contracts on the loan pipeline through mortgage-banking revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

IRLCs on mortgage loans that we intend to sell in the secondary market are considered derivatives. We are exposed to price risk from the time a mortgage loan closes until the time the loan is sold. The period of time between issuance of a loan commitment and closing and sale of the loan generally ranges from 14 days to 60 days. For these IRLCs, we attempt to protect the Bank from changes in interest rates through the use of best efforts and mandatory forward contracts. Mandatory forward contracts are also considered derivatives and are reported in the table below. Best efforts forward contracts are not derivatives, however, we have elected to measure and report these commitments at fair value. These assets and liabilities are included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition in other assets and accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively.

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Information pertaining to the carrying amounts of our derivative financial instruments follows:

	*September 30, 2020*				*December 31, 2019*
	*Notional*		*Estimated*		*Notional*		*Estimated*
	*Amount*		*Fair Value*		*Amount*		*Fair Value*
	(dollars in thousands)
Asset - IRLCs	$	28,008	$	995	$	7,645	$	179
Asset - mandatory forward contracts		16,209		115		10,591		23
Liability - IRLCs		33,505		6		—		—
Liability - mandatory forward contracts		5,105		19		—		—

Note 9 - Fair Value

Fair value is the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date.

A fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation methods is used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities (Level 1 measurements) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (Level 3 measurements). The three levels of the fair market hierarchy are as follows:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for identical, unrestricted assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Quoted prices in markets that are not active, or inputs that are observable either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the asset or liability.

Level 3: Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (i.e. supported with little or no market activity).

An asset or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

We record transfers between levels at the end of the reporting period in which the change in significant inputs occurs.

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Assets Measured on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents fair value measurements for assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020:

					*Significant*
					*Other*		*Significant*		*Total Changes*
			*Quoted*		*Observable*		*Unobservable*		*In Fair Values*
	*Carrying*		*Prices*		*Inputs*		*Inputs*		*Included In*
	*Value*		*(Level 1)*		*(Level 2)*		*(Level 3)*		*Period Income*
Assets:	(dollars in thousands)
AFS Securities - U.S. government agency notes	$	6,384	$	—	$	6,384	$	—	$	—
AFS Securities - corporate obligations		1,986		—		1,986		—		—
AFS Securities - mortgage-backed securities		45,835		—		45,835		—		—
Mortgage loans held for sale ("LHFS")		21,722		—		21,722		—		92
MSRs		980		—		—		980		(868	)
IRLCs		995		—		—		995		810
Best efforts forward contracts		101		—		101		—		69
Mandatory forward contracts		115		—		115		—		77
Liabilities:
IRLCs		6		—		—		6		6
Mandatory forward contracts		19		—		19		—		4
Best efforts forward contracts		90		—		90		—		81

The following table presents fair value measurements for assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019:

					Significant
					Other		Significant		Total Changes
			*Quoted*		*Observable*		*Unobservable*		*In Fair Values*
	*Carrying*		*Prices*		*Inputs*		*Inputs*		*Included In*
	*Value*		*(Level 1)*		*(Level 2)*		*(Level 3)*		*Period Income*
Assets:	(dollars in thousands)
AFS Securities - U.S. government agency notes	$	5,019	$	—	$	5,019	$	—	$	—
AFS Securities - mortgage-backed securities		7,887		—		7,887		—		—
LHFS		10,910		—		10,910		—		(5	)
MSRs		323		—		—		323		(114	)
IRLCs		179		—		—		179		79
Mandatory forward contracts		23		—		23		—		39
Best efforts forward contracts		23		—		23		—		23

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The following table provides additional quantitative information about assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis and for which we have utilized Level 3 inputs to determine fair value:

	*Fair Value*		*Valuation*	*Unobservable*	*Range*
	*Estimate*		*Technique*	*Input*	(Weighted-Average)
September 30, 2020:	(dollars in thousands)
MSRs (1)	$	980	Market Approach	Weighted average prepayment speed (PSA) (2)		330
IRLCs - net asset		989	Market Approach	Range of pull through rate		70% - 100%
				Average pull through rate		88	%

December 31, 2019:
MSRs (1)	$	323	Market Approach	Weighted average prepayment speed (CPR) (2)		11.10	%
IRLCs - net asset		179	Market Approach	Range of pull through rate		70% - 95%
				Average pull through rate		83	%

(1)	The weighted average was calculated with reference to the principal balance of the underlying mortgages.

(2)	PSA = Public Securities Association Standard Prepayment Model; CPR = Conditional Prepayment Rate

The following table shows the activity in the MSRs:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	615		$	343		$	323		$	437
Additions		737			—			1,525			—
Valuation adjustment		(372	)		(27	)		(868	)		(121	)
Ending balance	$	980		$	316		$	980		$	316

The following table shows the activity in the IRLCs:

	*Three Months Ended September 30,*					*Nine Months Ended September 30,*
	*2020*		*2019*			*2020*		*2019*
	(dollars in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	546	$	345		$	179	$	100
Valuation adjustment		443		(165	)		810		80
Ending balance	$	989	$	180		$	989	$	180

AFS Securities

The estimated fair values of AFS debt securities are obtained from a nationally-recognized pricing service. This pricing service develops estimated fair values by analyzing like securities and applying available market information through processes such as benchmark curves, benchmarking of like securities, sector groupings, and matrix pricing to prepare valuations. Matrix pricing is a mathematical technique widely used in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted securities. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. Treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information, and the bond’s terms and conditions, among other things, and are based on market data obtained from sources independent from the Bank. U.S Treasury Securities are considered Level 1 and all of our other securities are considered Level 2. The Level 2 investments in the Bank’s portfolio are priced using those inputs that, based on the analysis prepared by the pricing service, reflect the assumptions that market participants would use to price the assets. The Bank has determined that the Level 2 designation is appropriate for these securities because, as with most fixed-income securities, those in the Bank’s portfolio are not exchange-traded, and such nonexchange-traded fixed income securities are typically priced by correlation to observed market data.

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LHFS

LHFS are carried at fair value, which is determined based on outstanding investor commitments or, in the absence of such commitments, on current investor yield requirements or third party pricing models.

MSRs

The fair value of MSRs is determined using a valuation model administered by a third party that calculates the present value of estimated future net servicing income. The model incorporates assumptions that market participants use in estimating future net servicing income, including estimates of prepayment speeds, discount rate, default rates, cost to service (including delinquency and foreclosure costs), escrow account earnings, contractual servicing fee income, and other ancillary income such as late fees. Management reviews all significant assumptions on a monthly basis. Mortgage loan prepayment speed, a key assumption in the model, is the annual rate at which borrowers are forecasted to repay their mortgage loan principal. The discount rate used to determine the present value of estimated future net servicing income, another key assumption in the model, is an estimate of the required rate of return investors in the market would require for an asset with similar risk. Both assumptions can, and generally will, change as market conditions and interest rates change. In the second quarter of 2020, we changed third party vendors. The new vendor expresses the average prepayment speed in PSAs instead of CPRs as the former vendor expressed it.

IRLCs

We utilize a third party specialist model to estimate the fair value of our IRLCs, which are valued based upon mandatory pricing quotes from correspondent lenders less estimated costs to process and settle the loan. Fair value is adjusted for the estimated probability of the loan closing with the borrower.

Forward Contracts

To avoid interest rate risk, we enter into best efforts forward sales commitments with investors at the time we make an IRLC to a borrower. Once a loan has been closed and funded, the best efforts commitments convert to mandatory forward sales commitments. The mandatory commitments are derivatives, and the bank measures and reports them at fair value. Fair value is based on the gain or loss that would occur if we were to pair-off the transaction with the investor at the measurement date. This is a level 2 input. We have elected to measure and report best efforts commitments at fair value using a valuation methodology similar to that used for our mandatory commitments.

Assets Measured on a Nonrecurring Basis

September 30, 2020

Significant

Other

Significant

Quoted

Observable

Unobservable

Carrying

Prices

Inputs

Range of

Weighted

Value

(Level 1)

(Level 2)

(Level 3)

Discount (1)

Average (2)

(dollars in thousands)

Impaired loans

3,143

—

3,143

0% - 14

	*December 31, 2019*
					*Significant*
					*Other*		*Significant*
			*Quoted*		*Observable*		*Unobservable*
	*Carrying*		*Prices*		*Inputs*		*Inputs*		*Range of*			*Weighted*
	*Value*		*(Level 1)*		*(Level 2)*		*(Level 3)*		Discount (1)			Average (2)
	(dollars in thousands)
Impaired loans	$	4,437	$	—	$	—	$	4,437		0% - 160	%		8	%
Real estate acquired through foreclosure		1,174		—		—		1,174		0% - 16	%		10	%

(1)	Discount based on current market conditions and estimated selling costs

(2)	Inputs are weighted based on the relative fair values of the instruments

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Impaired Loans

Impaired loans are those for which we have measured impairment based on the present value of expected future cash flows or on the fair value of the loan’s collateral. Fair value is generally determined based upon independent third-party appraisals of the properties, or discounted cash flows based upon the expected proceeds. If it is determined that the repayment of the loan will be provided solely by the underlying collateral, and there are no other available and reliable sources of repayment, the loan is considered collateral dependent. Impaired loans that are considered collateral dependent are carried at lower-of-cost-or-market (“LCM”). Collateral may be in the form of real estate or business assets including equipment, inventory, and/or accounts receivable. The use of independent appraisals and management’s best judgment are significant inputs in arriving at the fair value measure of the underlying collateral and impaired loans are therefore classified within level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

For such loans that are classified as impaired, an Allowance is established when the present value of the expected future cash flows of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of that loan. For such impaired loans that are classified as collateral dependent, an Allowance is established when the current market value of the underlying collateral less its estimated disposal costs has not been finalized, but management determines that it is likely that the value is lower than the carrying value of that loan. Once the net collateral value has been determined, a charge-off is taken for the difference between the net collateral value and the carrying value of the loan.

Real Estate Acquired Through Foreclosure

We record foreclosed real estate assets at the fair value less estimated selling costs on their acquisition dates and at the lower of such initial amount or estimated fair value less estimated selling costs thereafter. We generally obtain certified external appraisals of real estate acquired through foreclosure and estimate fair value using those appraisals. Other valuation sources may be used, including broker price opinions, letters of intent, and executed sale agreements.

Fair Value of All Financial Instruments

The carrying value and fair value of all financial instruments are summarized in the following tables:

	*September 30, 2020*
	*Carrying*		*Fair Value*
	*Value*		*Level 1*		*Level 2*		*Level 3*		*Total*
Assets:	(dollars in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	142,823	$	142,823	$	—	$	—	$	142,823
Certificates of deposit held for investment		4,828		4,828		—		—		4,828
AFS securities		54,205		—		54,205		—		54,205
HTM securities		19,709		1,003		19,437		—		20,440
LHFS		21,722		—		21,722		—		21,722
Loans receivable, net		651,640		—		—		655,396		655,396
Restricted stock investments		1,661		—		1,661		—		1,661
Accrued interest receivable		2,521		—		2,521		—		2,521
MSRs		980		—		—		980		980
IRLCs		995		—		—		995		995
Best effort forward contracts		101		—		101		—		101
Mandatory forward contracts		115		—		115		—		115
Liabilities:
Deposits		783,238		—		784,060		—		784,060
Accrued interest payable		213		—		213		—		213
Borrowings		20,000		—		20,354		—		20,354
Subordinated debentures		20,619		—		—		16,135		16,135
IRLCs		6		—		—		6		6
Mandatory forward contracts		19		—		19		—		19
Best effort forward contracts		90		—		90		—		90

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	*December 31, 2019*
	*Carrying*		*Fair Value*
	*Value*		*Level 1*		*Level 2*		*Level 3*		*Total*
Assets:	(dollars in thousands)
Cash and cash equivalents	$	88,193	$	88,193	$	—	$	—	$	88,193
Certificates of deposit held for investment		7,540		7,540		—		—		7,540
AFS securities		12,906		—		12,906		—		12,906
HTM securities		25,960		1,008		25,150		—		26,158
LHFS		10,910		—		10,910		—		10,910
Loans receivable, net		638,547		—		—		647,238		647,238
Restricted stock investments		2,431		—		2,431		—		2,431
Accrued interest receivable		2,458		—		2,458		—		2,458
MSRs		323		—		—		323		323
IRLCs		179		—		—		179		179
Mandatory forward contracts		23		—		23		—		23
Best effort forward contracts		23		—		23		—		23
Liabilities:
Deposits		661,049		—		662,418		—		662,418
Accrued interest payable		317		—		317		—		317
Borrowings		35,000		—		35,063		—		35,063
Subordinated debentures		20,619		—		—		16,754		16,754

Limitations

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about financial instruments. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from a one-time sale of our total holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of our financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected loss experience, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and therefore cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect estimates. The above information should not be interpreted as an estimate of the fair value of the Company since a fair value calculation is only provided for a limited portion of our assets and liabilities. Due to a wide range of valuation techniques and the degree of subjectivity used in making the estimates, comparisons between our disclosures and those of other companies may not be meaningful.

There were no transfers between any of Levels 1, 2 and 3 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 or 2019 or for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

When used in this report, the terms “the Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to Severn Bancorp and, unless the context requires otherwise, its consolidated subsidiaries. The following discussion should be read and reviewed in conjunction with Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations set forth in Severn Bancorp’s Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019.

The Company

The Company is a savings and loan holding company chartered as a corporation in the state of Maryland in 1990. It conducts business primarily through three subsidiaries, Severn Savings Bank, FSB (the “Bank”), Mid-Maryland Title Company, Inc. (the “Title Company”), and SBI Mortgage Company (“SBI”). The Title Company is a real estate settlement company that handles commercial and residential real estate settlements in Maryland. SBI holds mortgages that do not meet the underwriting criteria of the Bank, and is the parent company of Crownsville Development Corporation (“Crownsville”), which is doing business as Annapolis Equity Group and acquires real estate for syndication and investment purposes. The Bank’s principal subsidiary, Louis Hyatt, Inc. (“Hyatt Commercial”), conducts business as Hyatt Commercial, a commercial real estate brokerage and property management company. We maintained seven branches in Anne Arundel County, Maryland at September 30, 2020. The branches offer a full range of deposit products and we originate mortgages in the Bank’s primary market of Anne Arundel County, Maryland and, to a lesser extent, in other parts of Maryland, Delaware, and Virginia. As of September 30, 2020, we had 181 full-time equivalent employees.

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Significant Developments - COVID-19

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus (“COVID-19”) as a global pandemic, which continues to spread throughout the United States of America (“U.S.”) and around the world. The declaration of a global pandemic indicates that almost all public commerce and related business activities must be, to varying degrees, curtailed with the goal of decreasing the rate of new infections. The COVID-19 pandemic in the U.S. has had and is expected to continue to have a complex and significant adverse impact on the economy, the banking industry, and the Company in future fiscal periods, all subject to a high degree of uncertainty.

Effects on Our Market Areas

Our commercial and consumer banking products and services are offered primarily in Maryland, where individual and governmental responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to a broad curtailment of economic activity since March 2020. In Maryland, the Governor issued a series of orders, including ordering schools to close for an indefinite period of time and an order that, subject to limited exceptions, all individuals stay at home and non‑essential businesses cease all activities for an indeterminate amount of time. Since June 2020, many of these restrictions have been removed and some non-essential businesses were allowed to re-open in a limited capacity, adhering to social distancing and disinfection guidelines. The Bank has remained open during these orders because banks have been identified as essential services. The Bank has been serving its customers through its drive-ups, ATMs, and in all of its branch offices by appointment only.

Locally, as well as nationally, we have experienced an increase in unemployment levels in our market area as a result of the curtailment of business activities, the levels of which are expected to remain elevated for the foreseeable future.

Policy and Regulatory Developments

Federal, state and local governments and regulatory authorities have enacted and issued a range of policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the following:

●

The Federal Reserve Board (“FRB”) decreased the range for the federal funds target rate by 0.5% on March 3, 2020, and by another 1.0% on March 16, 2020, reaching the current range of 0.0% - 0.25%.

●

On March 27, 2020, President Trump signed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), which established a $2.0 trillion economic stimulus package, including cash payments to individuals, supplemental unemployment insurance benefits and a $659.0 billion loan program (revised by subsequent legislation) administered through the U.S. Small Business Administration (“SBA”), referred to as the paycheck protection program (“PPP”). Under the PPP, small businesses, sole proprietorships, independent contractors and self-employed individuals were able to apply for loans from existing SBA lenders and other approved regulated lenders that enroll in the program, subject to numerous limitations and eligibility criteria. PPP loans have an interest rate of 1.0%, a two-year or five-year loan term to maturity, and principal and interest payments deferred until the lender receives the applicable forgiven amount or the end of the borrower's loan forgiveness. The Bank participated as a lender in the PPP. In addition, the CARES Act provides financial institutions the option to temporarily suspend certain requirements under accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”) related to troubled debt restructure loans (“TDR” or “TDRs”) for a limited period of time to account for the effects of COVID-19.

●

On April 7, 2020, federal banking regulators issued a revised Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions, which, among other things, encouraged financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers who are or may be unable to meet their contractual payment obligations because of the effects of COVID-19, and stated that institutions generally do not need to categorize COVID-19-related modifications as TDRs and that the agencies will not direct supervised institutions to automatically categorize all COVID-19 related loan modifications as TDRs. On August 3, 2020, Interagency Statement on Additional Loan Accommodations Related to COVID-19 was issued that addresses loans nearing the end of their original relief period and provides guidance for extension of such relief period.

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	●	On April 9, 2020, the FRB announced additional measures aimed at supporting small and mid-sized businesses, as well as state and local governments impacted by COVID-19. The FRB announced the Main Street Business Lending Program, which establishes two new loan facilities intended to facilitate lending to small and mid-sized businesses: (1) the Main Street New Loan Facility (“MSNLF”) and (2) the Main Street Expanded Loan Facility (“MSELF”). MSNLF loans are unsecured term loans originated on or after April 8, 2020, while MSELF loans are provided as upsized tranches of existing loans originated before April 8, 2020. The combined size of the program is $600.0 billion. The program is designed for businesses with up to 10,000 employees or $2.5 billion in 2019 revenues. To obtain a loan, borrowers must confirm that they are seeking financial support because of COVID-19 and that they will not use proceeds from the loan to pay off debt. The FRB also stated that it would provide additional funding to banks offering PPP loans to help struggling small businesses. The PPP Loan Facility (“PPPLF”) was created by the FRB on April 9, 2020 to facilitate lending by participating financial institutions to small businesses under the PPP of the CARES Act. Under the facility, the FRB lends to participating financial institutions on a non-recourse basis, taking PPP loans as collateral. Lenders participating in the PPP will be able to exclude loans financed by the facility from their leverage ratio. To date, due to our high liquidity levels, we have not participated in the PPPLF.

		The FRB also created a Municipal Liquidity Facility to support state and local governments with up to $500.0 billion in lending, with the Treasury Department backing $35.0 billion for the facility using funds appropriated by the CARES Act. The facility will make short-term financing available to cities with a population of more than one million or counties with a population of greater than two million. The FRB expanded both the size and scope of its Primary and Secondary Market Corporate Credit Facilities to support up to $750.0 billion in credit to corporate debt issuers. This will allow companies that were investment grade before the onset of COVID-19 but then subsequently downgraded after March 22, 2020 to gain access to the facility. Finally, the FRB announced that its Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility will be scaled up in scope to include the triple A-rated tranche of commercial mortgage-backed securities and newly issued collateralized loan obligations. The size of the facility is $100.0 billion.

Effects on Our Business

The COVID-19 pandemic and the specific developments referred to above could have and are expected to continue to have a significant impact on our business. The outbreak of COVID-19 could continue to adversely impact a broad range of industries in which the Company’s customers operate and impair their ability to fulfill their financial obligations to the Company. In particular, we anticipate that a significant portion of the Bank’s borrowers in the hotel, restaurant, and retail industries will continue to endure significant economic distress, which has caused, and may continue to cause, them to draw on their existing lines of credit and adversely affect their ability to repay existing indebtedness, and is expected to adversely impact the value of collateral. These developments, together with economic conditions generally, are also expected to impact our commercial real estate portfolio, particularly with respect to real estate with exposure to these industries, and the value of certain collateral securing our loans. As a result, we anticipate that our financial condition, capital levels, and results of operations could be adversely affected. As of September 30, 2020, we held $4.1 million, $14.5 million, and $42.9 million in hotel, restaurant, and retail industry loans, respectively.

Our Response

We have taken numerous steps in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the following:

●

actively working with loan customers to evaluate prudent loan modification terms;

●

continuing to promote our digital banking options through our website. Customers are encouraged to utilize online and mobile banking tools, and our customer service and retail departments are fully staffed and available to assist customers remotely;

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●

acted as a participating lender in the PPP. We believe it is our responsibility as a community bank to assist the SBA in the distribution of funds authorized under the CARES Act to our customers and communities, which we have carried out in a prudent and responsible manner. As of September 30, 2020, we held $46.9 million in PPP loans in our loan portfolio, and are working diligently with customers on the loan forgiveness aspect of the program (see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information regarding PPP loans and loan modifications under the CARES Act); and

●

closing all branches to customer activity indefinitely, except for drive-up and appointment only services. We continue to pay all employees according to their normal work schedule, even if their work has been reduced. No employees have been furloughed. Employees whose job responsibilities can be effectively carried out remotely are working from home. Employees whose critical duties require their continued presence on-site are observing social distancing and cleaning protocols.

Overview

The Company provides a wide range of personal and commercial banking services. Personal services include mortgage lending and various other lending services as well as deposit products such as personal Internet banking and online bill pay, checking accounts, individual retirement accounts, money market accounts, and savings and time deposit accounts. Commercial services include commercial secured and unsecured lending services as well as business Internet banking, corporate cash management services, and deposit services to commercial customers, including those in the medical-use cannabis industry. The Company also provides ATMs, credit cards, debit cards, safe deposit boxes, and telephone banking, among other products and services.

We have experienced a decline in profitability for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to a decrease in net interest income, an increased provision for loan losses, and increased noninterest expenses, partially offset by increased noninterest income. Net interest income decreased primarily due to a declining interest rate environment, resulting from rate reductions by the FRB in response to the COVID-19 pandemic (see additional information on COVID-19 above and in Item 1A – Risk Factors of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q). We recognized increased revenue from mortgage-banking activities. We recorded $100,000 and $850,000 in provision for loan losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. Noninterest expenses increased for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 due to increased investments in staff, property, and systems to enhance production and efficiency, as well as to increased commissions corresponding to the increased mortgage production.

The Company expects to experience similar market conditions during the remainder of 2020, provided interest rates do not increase or decrease rapidly. If interest rates change rapidly, demand for loans may fluctuate and our interest rate spread could change significantly. We continue to manage loan and deposit pricing against the potential risks of rising costs of our deposits and borrowings. Interest rates are outside of our control, so we must attempt to balance the pricing and duration of the loan portfolio against the risks of rising or declining costs of our deposits and borrowings. The continued success and attraction of Anne Arundel County, Maryland, and vicinity, will also be important to our ability to originate and grow loans and deposits, as will our continued focus on maintaining a low overhead. If volatility in the market and the economy continues to occur, our business, financial condition, results of operations, access to funds, and the price of our stock could be materially and adversely impacted. Despite our declining profitability in 2020, we believe the Company is well prepared for the economic and social consequences of the COVID-19 global pandemic in future periods.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our accounting and financial reporting policies conform to GAAP and prevailing practices within the banking industry. Accordingly, preparation of the financial statements requires management to exercise significant judgment or discretion or make significant assumptions and estimates based on the information available that have, or could have, a material impact on the carrying value of certain assets or on income. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of income and expenses during the periods presented. The accounting policies we view as critical are those relating to the allowance for loan losses (“Allowance”), the valuation of real estate acquired through foreclosure, and the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities. Significant accounting policies are discussed in detail in “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements - Note 1 - Summary of Significant Account Policies” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019. There have been no material changes to the significant accounting policies as described in the Annual Report other than those that may be mentioned in Note 1 to the financial statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Disclosures regarding the effects of new accounting pronouncements are included in Note 1 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Results of Operations

Net Income

Three Months Ended September 30

Net income decreased by $483,000, or 20.3%, to $1.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Basic and diluted income per share were $0.15 for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $0.19 for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in net income reflected decreased net interest income, an increased provision for loan losses, and increased noninterest expense, partially offset by increased noninterest income.

Nine Months Ended September 30

Net income decreased by $3.0 million, or 41.4%, to $4.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $7.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Basic and diluted income per share were $0.33 for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $0.56 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in net income reflected decreased net interest income, an increased provision for loan losses, and increased noninterest expense, partially offset by increased noninterest income.

Net Interest Income

Net interest income was significantly impacted by a declining interest rate environment directly related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The abrupt decline in interest rates during 2020 not only reduced interest income on floating-rate commercial loans and other liquid assets, but it also reduced competitive pressures and depositor expectations concerning deposit interest rates. Because of the need to maintain higher levels of liquidity and delays in business investment activity due to COVID-19 disruptions, some further compression of our net interest margin is likely in future periods, but a reasonably robust recovery in business conditions could enable us to deploy our additional asset generation resources and thus reallocate some of our excess liquidity. Additionally, at September 30, 2020, we held $46.9 million in low-yielding PPP loans, which reduced our net interest margin. Our yields and net interest margin could be affected in future periods by the effect of the forgiveness aspect of the PPP loans as the recognition of the net origination fees will be accelerated once payments are received.

Three Months Ended September 30

Net interest income decreased by $1.1 million or 14.6%, to $6.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $7.6 million for the same period of 2019. Our net interest margin decreased from 3.53% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 to 3.05% for the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Nine Months Ended September 30

Net interest income decreased by $3.6 million or 15.5%, to $19.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $23.6 million for the same period of 2019. Our net interest margin decreased from 3.58% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to 3.21% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

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Interest Income

Three Months Ended September 30

Interest income decreased by $1.9 million, or 19.4%, to $7.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $9.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, due primarily to the low interest rate environment created by the COVID-19 pandemic. The average yield on interest-earning assets decreased 83 basis points to 3.71% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from 4.54% for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The average yield on loans held for investment decreased from 5.33% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 to 4.59% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 as a result of the decreased interest rate environment in the third quarter of 2020 compared to the third quarter of 2019. The average yield on other interest-earning assets decreased to 0.18% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 from 1.43% for the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to a change in the mix of other interest-earning asset types and the decreased rate environment. We held less certificates of deposit held for investment during the three months ended September 30, 2020 than during the three months ended September 30, 2019. Average interest-earning assets decreased from $860.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 to $852.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, due primarily to a decline in average loans of $22.8 million, partially offset by an increase in average other interest-earning assets of $10.2 million. The increase in average other interest-earning assets resulted primarily from increased average interest-earning deposits in banks, which was the result of increased loan payoffs, which also reduced average loans in the third quarter of 2020.

Nine Months Ended September 30

Interest income decreased by $5.4 million, or 17.6%, to $25.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $30.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, due to both a low interest rate environment created by the COVID-19 pandemic and a decreased level of average interest-earning assets in 2020. Average interest-earning assets decreased from $881.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to $828.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, due primarily to a decline in average other interest-earning assets of $25.2 million and a decline in average loans of $27.0 million. The decrease in average other interest-earning assets resulted primarily from decreased average interest-earning deposits in banks, which was the result of decreased deposits from our medical-use cannabis customers. The decrease in average loans outstanding was a result of significant loan payoffs in 2020. The average yield on interest-earning assets decreased 57 basis points to 4.07% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from 4.64% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The average yield on other interest-earning assets decreased to 0.48% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 from 2.06% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to a change in the mix of other interest-earning asset types and the decreased rate environment. We held less certificates of deposit held for investment during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 than during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The average yield on loans held for investment decreased from 5.41% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to 4.87% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 as a result of the decreased interest rate environment compared to the same period of 2019 and lower yielding PPP loans.

Interest Expense

Three Months Ended September 30

Total interest expense was $1.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and $2.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in interest expense was due to both a decrease in the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities from $649.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 to $565.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and a decrease in the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities from 1.35% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 to 0.99% for the same period of 2020. The average balance of interest-bearing checking and savings accounts decreased from $378.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 to $320.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to decreases in our medical-use cannabis related accounts. The average balance of certificates of deposit decreased from $199.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 to $190.7 million for the same period of 2020 due to runoff from maturing certificates of deposit. The average rate on certificates of deposit decreased from 2.54% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 to 1.37% for the three months ended September 30, 2020. Average borrowings decreased $18.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period of 2019 due to payoffs of Federal Home Loan Bank of Atlanta (“FHLB”) advances.

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Nine Months Ended September 30

Total interest expense was $5.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and $7.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to a decrease in the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities from $674.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to $565.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The average balance of interest-bearing checking and savings accounts decreased from $391.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to $317.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to decreases in our medical-use cannabis related accounts. The average balance of certificates of deposit decreased from $205.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to $193.4 million for the same period of 2020 due to runoff from maturing certificates of deposit. Average borrowings decreased $22.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the same period of 2019 due to payoffs of FHLB advances. The average rate on interest-bearing liabilities decreased 15 basis points from 1.40% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to 1.25% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

The following tables set forth, for the periods indicated, information regarding the average balances of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the resulting yields on average interest-earning assets and average rates paid on average interest-bearing liabilities. Average balances are also provided for noninterest-earning assets and noninterest-bearing liabilities.

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2020								2019
	Average					Yield/			Average					Yield/
	Balance			Interest (2)		Rate (4)			Balance			Interest (2)		Rate (4)
ASSETS	(dollars in thousands)
Loans (1)	$	655,022		$	7,550		4.59	%	$	677,792		$	9,109		5.33	%
Mortgage loans held for sale ("LHFS")		17,774			51		1.14	%		12,797			37		1.15	%
Available-for-sale ("AFS") securities		23,776			162		2.71	%		11,169			47		1.67	%
Held-to-maturity ("HTM") securities		22,347			110		1.96	%		34,977			177		2.01	%
Other interest-earning assets (3)		130,824			58		0.18	%		120,605			434		1.43	%
Restricted stock investments, at cost		2,263			10		1.76	%		2,952			50		6.72	%
Total interest-earning assets		852,006			7,941		3.71	%		860,292			9,854		4.54	%
Allowance		(7,816	)							(8,091	)
Cash and other noninterest-earning assets		44,371								46,755
Total assets	$	888,561			7,941				$	898,956			9,854

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Interest-bearing deposits:
Checking and savings	$	320,845			486		0.60	%	$	378,360			459		0.48	%
Certificates of deposit		190,748			656		1.37	%		199,127			1,273		2.54	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		511,593			1,142		0.89	%		577,487			1,732		1.19	%
Borrowings		53,758			269		1.99	%		72,397			473		2.59	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		565,351			1,411		0.99	%		649,884			2,205		1.35	%
Noninterest-bearing deposit accounts		208,210								137,598
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities		7,292								8,181
Stockholders' equity		107,708								103,293
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	888,561			1,411				$	898,956			2,205
Net interest income/net interest spread				$	6,530		2.72	%				$	7,649		3.19	%
Net interest margin							3.05	%							3.53	%

(1)	Nonaccrual loans are included in average loans.

(2)	There are no tax equivalency adjustments.

(3)	Other interest-earning assets include interest-earning deposits, federal funds sold, and certificates of deposit held for investment.

(4)	Annualized.

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	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020								2019
	Average					Yield/			Average					Yield/
	Balance			Interest (2)		Rate (4)			Balance			Interest (2)		Rate (4)
ASSETS	(dollars in thousands)
Loans (1)	$	651,491		$	23,762		4.87	%	$	678,495		$	27,436		5.41	%
LHFS		16,588			255		2.05	%		9,851			103		1.40	%
AFS securities		18,015			337		2.50	%		11,593			148		1.71	%
HTM securities		23,278			370		2.12	%		36,336			576		2.12	%
Other interest-earning assets (3)		116,804			418		0.48	%		142,039			2,192		2.06	%
Restricted stock investments, at cost		2,353			76		4.31	%		3,110			166		7.14	%
Total interest-earning assets		828,529			25,218		4.07	%		881,424			30,621		4.64	%
Allowance		(7,522	)							(8,080	)
Cash and other noninterest-earning assets		44,913								43,788
Total assets	$	865,920			25,218				$	917,132			30,621

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Interest-bearing deposits:
Checking and savings	$	317,306			1,519		0.64	%	$	391,596			2,083		0.71	%
Certificates of deposit		193,438			2,803		1.94	%		205,416			3,416		2.22	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		510,744			4,322		1.13	%		597,012			5,499		1.23	%
Borrowings		54,999			966		2.35	%		77,005			1,543		2.68	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities		565,743			5,288		1.25	%		674,017			7,042		1.40	%
Noninterest-bearing deposits		184,707								135,763
Other noninterest-bearing liabilities		7,873								5,227
Stockholders' equity		107,597								102,125
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	865,920			5,288				$	917,132			7,042
Net interest income/net interest spread				$	19,930		2.82	%				$	23,579		3.24	%
Net interest margin							3.21	%							3.58	%

(1)	Nonaccrual loans are included in average loans.

(2)	There are no tax equivalency adjustments.

(3)	Other interest-earning assets include interest-earning deposits, federal funds sold, and certificates of deposit held for investment.

(4)	Annualized.

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The “Rate/Volume Analysis” below indicates the changes in our net interest income as a result of changes in volume and rates. We maintain an asset and liability management policy designed to provide a proper balance between rate-sensitive assets and rate-sensitive liabilities to attempt to optimize interest margins while providing adequate liquidity for our anticipated needs. Changes in interest income and interest expense that result from variances in both volume and rates have been allocated to rate and volume changes in proportion to the absolute dollar amounts of the change in each.

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 vs. 2019									Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 vs. 2019
	Due to Variances in									Due to Variances in
	Rate			Volume			Total			Rate			Volume			Total
Interest earned on:	(dollars in thousands)
Loans	$	(1,258	)	$	(301	)	$	(1,559	)	$	(2,619	)	$	(1,055	)	$	(3,674	)
LHFS		(1	)		15			14			62			90			152
AFS securities		42			73			115			86			103			189
HTM Securities		(5	)		(62	)		(67	)		1			(207	)		(206	)
Other interest-earning assets		(609	)		233			(376	)		(1,441	)		(333	)		(1,774	)
Restricted stock investments, at cost		(30	)		(10	)		(40	)		(56	)		(34	)		(90	)
Total interest income		(1,861	)		(52	)		(1,913	)		(3,967	)		(1,436	)		(5,403	)

Interest paid on:
Interest-bearing deposits:
Checking and savings		362			(335	)		27			(196	)		(368	)		(564	)
Certificates of deposit		(565	)		(52	)		(617	)		(423	)		(190	)		(613	)
Total interest-bearing deposits		(203	)		(387	)		(590	)		(619	)		(558	)		(1,177	)
Borrowings		(96	)		(108	)		(204	)		(175	)		(402	)		(577	)
Total interest expense		(299	)		(495	)		(794	)		(794	)		(960	)		(1,754	)
Net interest income	$	(1,562	)	$	443		$	(1,119	)	$	(3,173	)	$	(476	)	$	(3,649	)

Provision for Loan Losses

Our loan portfolio is subject to varying degrees of credit risk and an Allowance is maintained to absorb losses inherent in our loan portfolio. Credit risk includes, but is not limited to, the potential for borrower default and the failure of collateral to be worth what we determined it was worth at the time of the granting of the loan. We monitor loan delinquencies at least monthly. All loans that are delinquent and all loans within the various categories of our portfolio as a group are evaluated. Management, with the advice and recommendation of the Company’s Board of Directors, estimates an Allowance to be set aside for loan losses. Included in determining the calculation are such factors as historical losses for each loan portfolio, current market value of the loan’s underlying collateral, inherent risk contained within the portfolio after considering the state of the general economy, economic trends, consideration of particular risks inherent in different kinds of lending and consideration of known information that may affect loan collectability.

We recorded $100,000 and $850,000 in provision for loan losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily due to economic factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic. We recorded a reversal of provision for loan losses of $500,000 for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019.

.See additional information about the provision for loan losses under “Credit Risk Management and the Allowance” later in this Item.

Noninterest Income

Three Months Ended September 30

Total noninterest income increased by $1.9 million or 67.5%, to $4.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, with the majority of the increase from mortgage-banking revenue. Mortgage-banking revenue increased $1.8 million, or 163.7%, due to the increased volume of loans originated from $46.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019 to $88.9 million during the three months ended September 30, 2020. The Title Company generated $426,000 in revenue during the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $362,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2019 due to an increase in loan closings and related title work.

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Nine Months Ended September 30

Total noninterest income increased by $3.3 million or 42.8%, to $11.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $7.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, with the majority of the increase from mortgage-banking revenue. Mortgage-banking revenue increased $3.6 million or 124.6%, due to the increased volume of loans originated from $135.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to $212.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. A significant portion of the originations were refinances due to the drop in interest rates. The Title Company generated $890,000 in revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $841,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Real estate commissions decreased $434,000 primarily due to the lack of activity in real estate sales as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Noninterest Expense

Three Months Ended September 30

Total noninterest expense increased $692,000 or 9.0% to $8.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to $7.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to an increase in compensation and related expenses. Compensation and related expenses increased by $981,000, or 19.4%, to $6.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $5.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019. This increase was primarily due to annual salary increases, additional hirings for the Crofton branch, and increased commission expense that corresponds with our increased mortgage-banking volumes. Writedowns, losses, and costs of real estate acquired through foreclosure decreased $153,000 primarily due to a $77,000 recovery related to one property received during the three months ended September 30, 2020. Professional fees decreased $105,000 primarily due to less consulting fees for SOX related matters.

Nine Months Ended September 30

Total noninterest expense increased $2.2 million, or 9.9%, to $24.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $21.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to increases in compensation and related expenses, occupancy expenses, and data processing fees. Compensation and related expenses increased by $2.2 million, or 15.0%, to $16.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to $14.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. This increase was primarily due to annual salary increases, additional hirings for our new Crofton branch, and increased commission expense that corresponds with our increased mortgage-banking volumes. Occupancy expenses increased $165,000, or 13.9%, primarily due to the addition of the Crofton branch. We also incurred additional expenses related to COVID-19 protocols. Data processing fees increased $203,000 due to additional efficiency and security enhancements to our core and related systems, as well as the implementation in late 2019 of a new customer relationship management (“CRM”) system. We recognized a $76,000 loss on disposal of premises and equipment when we terminated a lease agreement. We experienced a $214,000 decrease in professional fees as we were no longer utilizing consultants in 2020 for SOX related matters. Writedowns, losses, and costs of real estate acquired through foreclosure decreased $212,000 due to the aforementioned recovery received in 2020 in addition to less activity related to real estate acquired through foreclosure in 2020.

Income Tax Provision

Three Months Ended September 30

We recorded a $883,000 tax provision on net income before income taxes of $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 for an effective tax rate of 31.8%, compared to an income tax provision of $911,000 on net income before income taxes of $3.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, for an effective tax rate of 27.7%.

Nine Months Ended September 30

We recorded a $1.8 million tax provision on net income before income taxes of $6.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 for an effective tax rate of 29.5%, compared to an income tax provision of $2.7 million on net income before income taxes of $9.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, for an effective tax rate of 27.1%.

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Financial Condition

Total assets increased $112.0 million to $938.9 million at September 30, 2020, compared to $826.9 million at December 31, 2019. This increase was primarily due to a $54.6 million, or 61.9%, increase in cash and cash equivalents, to $142.8 million at September 30, 2020 from $88.2 million at December 31, 2019 due primarily to increased deposits. We also experienced an increase in loans of $14.6 million, or 2.3%, to $660.3 million at September 30, 2020 from $645.7 million at December 31, 2019. Additionally, we had approximately $2.5 million of securities that had not yet settled at September 30, 2020, which grossed up total assets. Total deposits increased $122.2 million, or 18.5%, to $783.2 million at September 30, 2020 compared to $661.0 million at December 31, 2019. Stockholders’ equity increased $2.8 million to $108.3 million at September 30, 2020 compared to $105.5 million at December 31, 2019, due to net income to date for the year and decreased accumulated comprehensive loss, partially offset by dividends paid to stockholders.

Securities

We utilize the securities portfolio as part of our overall asset/liability management practices to enhance interest revenue while providing necessary liquidity for the funding of loan growth or deposit withdrawals. We continually monitor the credit risk associated with investments and diversify the risk in the securities portfolios. We held $54.2 million and $12.9 million in securities classified as AFS as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. We held $19.7 million and $26.0 million, respectively, in securities classified as HTM as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Changes in current market conditions, such as interest rates and the economic uncertainties in the mortgage, housing, and banking industries impact the securities market. Quarterly, we review each security in our portfolio to determine the nature of any decline in value and evaluate if any impairment should be classified as other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”). For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we determined that no OTTI charges were required.

All of the AFS and HTM securities that are temporarily impaired as of September 30, 2020 were so due to declines in fair values resulting from changes in interest rates or decreased credit/liquidity spreads compared to the time they were purchased. We have the intent to hold these securities to maturity (including those designated as AFS) and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell the securities before recovery of value. As such, management considers the impairments to be temporary.

Our securities portfolio composition is as follows:

	AFS				HTM
	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019		September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
	(dollars in thousands)
U.S. Treasury securities	$	—	$	—	$	999	$	994
U.S. government agency notes		6,384		5,019		2,985		4,986
Corporate obligations		1,986		—		—		—
Mortgage-backed securities		45,835		7,887		15,725		19,980
	$	54,205	$	12,906	$	19,709	$	25,960

LHFS

We originate residential mortgage loans for sale on the secondary market. Such LHFS, which are carried at fair value, amounted to $21.7 million at September 30, 2020 and $10.9 million at December 31, 2019, the majority of which are subject to purchase commitments from investors. The increase in LHFS was primarily due to increased originations and to the timing of loans pending sale on the secondary market.

Loans

Our loan portfolio is expected to produce higher yields than investment securities and other interest-earning assets; the absolute volume and mix of loans and the volume and mix of loans as a percentage of total interest-earning assets is an important determinant of our net interest margin.

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The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio:

	September 30, 2020					December 31, 2019
			Percent					Percent
	Amount		of Total			Amount		of Total
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential Mortgage	$	237,771		35.8	%	$	269,654		41.6	%
Commercial		88,683		13.4	%		43,127		6.7	%
Commercial real estate		239,570		36.1	%		229,257		35.3	%
Land acquisition, development, and construction ("ADC")		84,392		12.7	%		92,822		14.3	%
Home equity/2nds		12,130		1.8	%		12,031		1.9	%
Consumer		1,436		0.2	%		1,541		0.2	%
Loans receivable, before net unearned fees	$	663,982		100.0	%	$	648,432		100.0	%

Total loans, net of unearned loan fees, increased by $14.6 million, or 2.3%, to $660.3 million at September 30, 2020, compared to $645.7 million at December 31, 2019. This increase was due primarily to the origination of PPP loans and commercial real estate loans, partially offset by increased payoffs of residential real estate and ADC loans.

Credit Risk Management and the Allowance

Credit risk is the risk of loss arising from the inability of a borrower to meet his or her obligations and entails both general risks, which are inherent in the process of lending, and risks specific to individual borrowers. Our credit risk is mitigated through portfolio diversification, which limits exposure to any single customer, industry, or collateral type.

We manage credit risk by evaluating the risk profile of the borrower, repayment sources, the nature of the underlying collateral, and other support given current events, conditions, and expectations. We attempt to manage the risk characteristics of our loan portfolio through various control processes, such as credit evaluation of borrowers, establishment of lending limits, and application of lending procedures, including the holding of adequate collateral and the maintenance of compensating balances. However, we seek to rely primarily on the cash flow of our borrowers as the principal source of repayment. Although credit policies and evaluation processes are designed to minimize our risk, management recognizes that loan losses will occur and the amount of these losses will fluctuate depending on the risk characteristics of our loan portfolio, as well as general and regional economic conditions.

Management has an established methodology to determine the adequacy of the Allowance that assesses the risks and losses inherent in the loan portfolio. Our Allowance methodology employs management’s assessment as to the level of future losses on existing loans based on our internal review of the loan portfolio, including an analysis of the borrowers’ current financial position, and the consideration of current and anticipated economic conditions and their potential effects on specific borrowers and/or lines of business. In determining our ability to collect certain loans, we also consider the fair value of any underlying collateral. In addition, we evaluate credit risk concentrations, including trends in large dollar exposures to related borrowers, industry and geographic concentrations, and economic and environmental factors. Our risk management practices are designed to ensure timely identification of changes in loan risk profiles; however, undetected losses may inherently exist within the loan portfolio. The assessment aspects involved in analyzing the quality of individual loans and assessing collateral values can also contribute to undetected, but probable, losses. In 2020, we adjusted our economic risk factors to incorporate the current economic implications and rising unemployment rate from the COVID-19 pandemic. For more detailed information about our Allowance methodology and risk rating system, see Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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The following table summarizes the activity in our Allowance by portfolio segment:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
	(dollars in thousands)
Allowance, beginning of period	$	8,169		$	8,093		$	7,138		$	8,044
Charge-offs:
Residential mortgage		(39	)		—			(39	)		(20	)
Commercial		—			—			—			—
Commercial real estate		(49	)		(199	)		(49	)		(199	)
ADC		—			—			—			—
Home equity/2nds		—			—			—			—
Consumer		—			(2	)		(15	)		(14	)
Total charge-offs		(88	)		(201	)		(103	)		(233	)
Recoveries:
Residential mortgage		453			3			633			11
Commercial		3			—			11			—
Commercial real estate		34			30			136			97
ADC		—			—			—			—
Home equity/2nds		4			3			7			9
Consumer		—			3			3			3
Total recoveries		494			39			790			120
Net recoveries (charge-offs)		406			(162	)		687			(113	)
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses		100			(500	)		850			(500	)
Allowance, end of period	$	8,675		$	7,431		$	8,675		$	7,431
Loans:
Period-end balance	$	660,315		$	660,879		$	660,315		$	660,879
Average balance during period		655,022			677,792			651,491			678,495
Allowance as a percentage of period-end loan balance (1)		1.31	%		1.12	%		1.31	%		1.12	%
Percent of average loans (annualized):
Provision for (reversal of) loan losses		0.06	%		(0.29	)%		0.17	%		(0.10	)%
Net recoveries (charge-offs)		0.25	%		(0.09	)%		0.14	%		(0.02	)%

(1) The Allowance at September 30, 2020, as a percentage of total loans, excluding PPP loans was 1.41%

The following table summarizes our allocation of the Allowance by loan segment:

	September 30, 2020								December 31, 2019
						Percent								Percent
						of Loans								of Loans
			Percent			to Total					Percent			to Total
	Amount		of Total			Loans			Amount		of Total			Loans
	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	2,439		28.1	%		35.8	%	$	2,264		31.7	%		41.6	%
Commercial		1,683		19.4	%		13.4	%		1,421		19.9	%		6.7	%
Commercial real estate		1,569		18.1	%		36.1	%		984		13.8	%		35.3	%
ADC		2,779		32.0	%		12.7	%		2,286		32.0	%		14.3	%
Home equity/2nds		178		2.1	%		1.8	%		134		1.9	%		1.9	%
Consumer		—		—	%		0.2	%		—		—	%		0.2	%
Unallocated		27		0.3	%		—	%		49		0.7	%		—	%
Total	$	8,675		100.0	%		100.0	%	$	7,138		100.0	%		100.0	%

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Based upon management’s evaluation, provisions are made to maintain the Allowance as a best estimate of inherent losses within the portfolio. The Allowance totaled $8.7 million at September 30, 2020 and $7.1 million at December 31, 2019. Any changes in the Allowance from period to period reflect management’s ongoing application of its methodologies to establish the Allowance, which, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, resulted in increased allocated Allowances for the majority of the loan segments, primarily due to economic factors related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

As a result of our Allowance analysis, we recorded a provision for loan losses of $100,000 and $850,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. We recorded a reversal of provision for loan losses of $500,000 for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. We recorded net recoveries of $406,000 and $687,000, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and net charge-offs of $162,000 and $113,000, respectively, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, annualized net recoveries as a percentage of average loans outstanding amounted to 0.25% and 0.14%, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, annualized net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans outstanding amounted to 0.09% and 0.02%, respectively. The Allowance as a percentage of outstanding loans was 1.31% as of September 30, 2020 compared to 1.12% as of December 31, 2019, the increase in which was primarily the result of the net recoveries recognized in 2020, an increase in the qualitative factors used in the calculation of the Allowance, as well as the decrease in outstanding loans, net of PPP loans. PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA and, therefore, not required to have an allocated Allowance. The Allowance as a percentage of outstanding loans less PPP loans amounted to 1.41% at September 30, 2020.

Although management uses available information to establish the appropriate level of the Allowance, future additions or reductions to the Allowance may be necessary based on estimates that are susceptible to change as a result of changes in economic conditions, and other factors. As a result, our Allowance may not be sufficient to cover actual loan losses, and future provisions for loan losses could materially adversely affect our operating results. In addition, various regulatory agencies, as an integral part of their examination process, periodically review our Allowance and related methodology. Such agencies may require us to recognize adjustments to the Allowance based on their judgments about information available to them at the time of their examination. Management believes the Allowance is adequate as of September 30, 2020 and is sufficient to address the credit losses inherent in the current loan portfolio. Management will continue to evaluate the adequacy of the Allowance as more economic data becomes available and as changes within our portfolio are known. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic may require us to fund additional increases in the Allowance in future periods.

Nonperforming Assets (“NPAs”)

Given the volatility of the real estate market, it is very important for us to have current valuations on our NPAs. Generally, we obtain appraisals or alternative valuations on NPAs annually. In addition, as part of our asset monitoring activities, we maintain a Loss Mitigation Committee that meets monthly. During these Loss Mitigation Committee meetings, all NPAs and loan delinquencies are reviewed. Additionally, loans in industries vulnerable to the effects of COVID-19 and loans that were or continue to be on interest deferral are reviewed. We also produce an NPA report which is distributed monthly to senior management and is also discussed and reviewed at the Loss Mitigation Committee meetings. This report contains all relevant data on the NPAs, including the latest appraised value (or alternative valuation vehicle) and valuation date. Accordingly, these reports identify which assets will require an updated valuation. As a result, we have not experienced any internal delays in identifying which loans/credits require updated valuations. With respect to the ordering process of appraisals, we have not experienced any delays in turnaround time nor has this been an issue over the past three years. Furthermore, we have not had any delays in turnaround time or variances thereof in our specific loan operating markets.

NPAs, expressed as a percentage of total assets, totaled 0.73% at September 30, 2020 and 0.80% at December 31, 2019. The ratio of the Allowance to nonperforming loans was 148.7% at September 30, 2020 and 168.3% at December 31, 2019.

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The distribution of our NPAs is illustrated in the following table. We did not have any loans greater than 90 days past due and still accruing at September 30, 2020 or December 31, 2019.

	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Nonaccrual Loans:	(dollars in thousands)
Residential mortgage	$	5,356	$	3,766
Commercial real estate		288		237
ADC		66		89
Home equity/2nds		122		150
		5,832		4,242
Real Estate Acquired Through Foreclosure:
Residential mortgage		—		1,377
Commercial real estate		452		452
ADC		558		558
		1,010		2,387
Total NPAs	$	6,842	$	6,629

Nonaccrual loans totaled $5.8 million, or 0.88% of total loans, at September 30, 2020 and $4.2 million, or 0.66% of total loans at December 31, 2019. Significant activity in nonaccrual loans during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 included the addition of five loans in the amount of $3.0 million to nonaccrual loans, one loan paid off in the amount of $111,000, one loan charged off for $39,000, and one loan returned to accrual status in the amount of $808,000.

Real estate acquired through foreclosure decreased $1.4 million to $1.0 million at September 30, 2020 compared to $2.4 million at December 31, 2019, primarily due to the sale of three residential mortgage properties existing at December 31, 2019.

The activity in our real estate acquired through foreclosure was as follows:

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019			2020			2019
	(dollars in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,010	$	1,430		$	2,387		$	1,537
Real estate acquired in satisfaction of loans		—		516			—			687
Write-downs and losses on real estate acquired through foreclosure		—		(73	)		(80	)		(244	)
Proceeds from sales of real estate acquired through foreclosure		—		—			(1,297	)		(107	)
Balance at end of period	$	1,010	$	1,873		$	1,010		$	1,873

TDRs

In situations where, for economic or legal reasons related to a borrower’s financial difficulties, management may grant a concession for other than an insignificant period of time to the borrower that would not otherwise be considered, the related loan is classified as a TDR. See Significant Developments – COVID-19 for information regarding the CARES Act and its effect on modifications.

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The composition of our TDRs is illustrated in the following table:

	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Residential mortgage:	(dollars in thousands)
Nonaccrual	$	80	$	85
<90 days past due/current		6,716		7,675
Commercial real estate:
Nonaccrual		—		—
<90 days past due/current		969		984
ADC:
Nonaccrual		—		—
<90 days past due/current		129		130
Consumer:
Nonaccrual		—		—
<90 days past due/current		64		69
Totals:
Nonaccrual		80		85
<90 days past due/current		7,878		8,858
	$	7,958	$	8,943

See additional information on TDRs in Note 3 to the Consolidated Financial Statements herein.

Deposits

Deposits totaled $783.2 million at September 30, 2020 and $661.0 million at December 31, 2019. The $122.2 million increase was primarily the result of short-term medical-use cannabis related funds (funds that have not yet actually been used in the medical-use cannabis industry) that account holders have placed at the Bank temporarily while looking for desired investments in the industry. Management is aware of the short-term nature of such medical-use cannabis related deposits and offset those funds by maintaining short-term liquidity to meet any deposit outflows.

The deposit breakdown is as follows:

	September 30, 2020					December 31, 2019
			Percent					Percent
	Balance		of Total			Balance		of Total
	(dollars in thousands)
NOW	$	104,491		13.3	%	$	83,612		12.6	%
Money market		157,403		20.1	%		162,621		24.6	%
Savings		62,000		7.9	%		61,514		9.3	%
Certificates of deposit		218,846		28.0	%		230,401		34.9	%
Total interest-bearing deposits		542,740		69.3	%		538,148		81.4	%
Noninterest-bearing deposits		240,498		30.7	%		122,901		18.6	%
Total deposits	$	783,238		100.0	%	$	661,049		100.0	%

Borrowings

Our borrowings consist of advances from the FHLB.

The FHLB advances are available under a specific collateral pledge and security agreement, which requires that we maintain collateral for all of our borrowings equal to 30% of total assets. Our advances from the FHLB may be in the form of short-term or long-term obligations. Short-term advances have maturities for one year or less and may contain prepayment penalties. Long-term borrowings through the FHLB have original maturities up to 15 years and generally contain prepayment penalties.

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At September 30, 2020, our total credit line with the FHLB was $274.1 million. The Bank, from time to time, utilizes the line of credit when interest rates are more favorable than obtaining deposits from the public. Our outstanding FHLB advance balance at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019 was $20.0 million and $35.0 million, respectively.

At September 30, 2020, we also maintained a line of credit with a bankers' bank in the amount of $11.0 million, which we had not drawn upon.

The following table sets forth information concerning the interest rates and maturity dates of the advances from the FHLB as of September 30, 2020:

Principal
Amount (in thousands)		Rate		Maturity
$	10,000	1.92	%	2020
	10,000	2.19	%	2022
$	20,000

Certain loans in the amount of $128.4 million have been pledged under a blanket floating lien to the FHLB as collateral against advances at September 30, 2020.

Subordinated Debentures

As of both September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had outstanding $20.6 million in principal amount of Junior Subordinated Debt Securities, due in 2035 (the “2035 Debentures”). The 2035 Debentures were issued pursuant to an Indenture dated as of December 17, 2004 (the “2035 Indenture”) between the Company and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as Trustee. The 2035 Debentures pay interest quarterly at a floating rate of interest of 3-month LIBOR plus 200 basis points, and mature on January 7, 2035. Payments of principal, interest, premium and other amounts under the 2035 Debentures are subordinated and junior in right of payment to the prior payment in full of all senior indebtedness of the Company, as defined in the 2035 Indenture. The 2035 Debentures became redeemable, in whole or in part, by the Company on January 7, 2010.

The 2035 Debentures were issued and sold to Severn Capital Trust I (the “Trust”), of which 100% of the common equity is owned by the Company. The Trust was formed for the purpose of issuing corporation-obligated mandatorily redeemable Capital Securities (“Capital Securities”) to third-party investors and using the proceeds from the sale of such Capital Securities to purchase the 2035 Debentures. The 2035 Debentures held by the Trust are the sole assets of the Trust. Distributions on the Capital Securities issued by the Trust are payable quarterly at a rate per annum equal to the interest rate being earned by the Trust on the 2035 Debentures. The Capital Securities are subject to mandatory redemption, in whole or in part, upon repayment of the 2035 Debentures. We have entered into an agreement which, taken collectively, fully and unconditionally guarantees the Capital Securities subject to the terms of the guarantee.

Under the terms of the 2035 Debentures, we are permitted to defer the payment of interest on the 2035 Debentures for up to 20 consecutive quarterly periods, provided that no event of default has occurred and is continuing. As of September 30, 2020, we were current on all interest due on the 2035 Debentures.

Capital Resources

Total stockholders’ equity increased $2.8 million to $108.3 million at September 30, 2020 compared to $105.5 million as of December 31, 2019. The increase was the result of 2020 net income to date and a decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss, partially offset by dividends paid to stockholders during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

Capital Adequacy

The Bank is subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary, actions by the regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Bank’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk-weightings, and other factors. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Bank exceeded all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject and meets the qualifications to be considered “well capitalized.” As of January 1, 2020, the Bank elected to follow the Community Bank Leverage Ratio. See details of our capital ratios in Note 4 of the Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Liquidity

Liquidity describes our ability to meet financial obligations, including lending commitments and contingencies, which arise during the normal course of business. Liquidity is primarily needed to meet the borrowing and deposit withdrawal requirements of our customers, to fund the operations of our mortgage-banking business, as well as to meet current and planned expenditures. These cash requirements are met on a daily basis through the inflow of deposit funds, the maintenance of short-term overnight investments, maturities and calls in our securities portfolio, and available lines of credit with the FHLB, which requires pledged collateral. Fluctuations in deposit and short-term borrowing balances may be influenced by the interest rates paid, general consumer confidence, and the overall economic environment. There can be no assurances that deposit withdrawals and loan fundings will not exceed all available sources of liquidity on a short-term basis. Such a situation would have an adverse effect on our ability to originate new loans and maintain reasonable loan and deposit interest rates, which would negatively impact earnings.

Our principal sources of liquidity are loan repayments, maturing investments, deposits, borrowed funds, and proceeds from loans sold on the secondary market. The levels of such sources are dependent on the Bank’s operating, financing, and investing activities at any given time. We consider core deposits stable funding sources and include all deposits, except time deposits of $100,000 or more. The Bank’s experience has been that a substantial portion of certificates of deposit renew at time of maturity and remain on deposit with the Bank. Additionally, loan payments, maturities, deposit growth, and earnings contribute to our flow of funds.

In addition to our ability to generate deposits, we have external sources of funds, which may be drawn upon when desired. The primary source of external liquidity is an available line of credit with the FHLB. The Bank’s total credit availability under the FHLB’s credit availability program was $274.1 million at September 30, 2020, of which $20.0 million was outstanding. In addition, at September 30, 2020, we also maintained a line of credit with a bankers' bank in the amount of $11.0 million, which we had not drawn upon.

The borrowing requirements of customers include commitments to extend credit and the unused portion of lines of credit (collectively “commitments”), which totaled $129.8 million at September 30, 2020. Historically, many of the commitments expire without being fully drawn; therefore, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. We expect to fund these commitments from the sources of liquidity described above.

Customer withdrawals are also a principal use of liquidity, but are generally mitigated by growth in customer funding sources, such as deposits and short-term borrowings.

In addition to the foregoing, the payment of dividends is a use of cash, but is not expected to have a material effect on liquidity. As of September 30, 2020, we had no material commitments for capital expenditures.

Our ability to acquire deposits or borrow could be impaired by factors that are not specific to us, such as a severe disruption of the financial markets or negative views and expectations about the prospects for the financial services industry as a whole. As of September 30, 2020, we have not yet experienced any negative impact on our liquidity due to COVID-19. At September 30, 2020, management considered the Company’s liquidity level to be sufficient for the purposes of meeting our cash flow requirements. We are not aware of any undisclosed known trends, demands, commitments, or uncertainties that are reasonably likely to result in material changes in our liquidity.

We anticipate that our primary sources of liquidity over the next twelve months will be from loan repayments, maturing investments, deposit growth, and borrowed funds. We believe that these sources of liquidity will be sufficient for us to meet our liquidity needs over the next twelve months.

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Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Derivatives

We enter into off-balance sheet arrangements in the normal course of business. These arrangements consist primarily of commitments to extend credit, lines of credit, and letters of credit.

Credit Commitments

Credit commitments are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition to the contract. Loan commitments generally have interest rates fixed at current market amounts, fixed expiration dates, and may require payment of a fee. Lines of credit generally have variable interest rates. Such lines do not represent future cash requirements because it is unlikely that all customers will draw upon their lines in full at any time. Letters of credit are commitments issued to guarantee the performance of a customer to a third party.

Our exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the borrower is the contract amount of the commitment. Loan commitments, lines of credit, and letters of credit are made on the same terms, including collateral, as outstanding loans. We are not aware of any accounting loss we would incur by funding our commitments.

See detailed information on credit commitments above under “Liquidity.”

Derivatives

We maintain and account for derivatives, in the form of interest-rate lock commitments (“IRLCs”) and mandatory forward contracts, in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board guidance on accounting for derivative instruments and hedging activities. We recognize gains and losses on IRLCs, mandatory forward contracts, and best effort forward contracts on the loan pipeline through mortgage-banking revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

See Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for more detailed information on our derivatives.

Inflation

The consolidated financial statements and related consolidated financial data presented herein have been prepared in accordance with GAAP and practices within the banking industry which require the measurement of financial condition and operating results in terms of historical dollars without considering the changes in the relative purchasing power of money over time due to inflation. As a financial institution, virtually all of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature and interest rates have a more significant impact on our performance than the effects of general levels of inflation. A prolonged period of inflation could cause interest rates, wages, and other costs to increase and could adversely affect our results of operations unless mitigated by a corresponding increase in our revenues. However, we believe that the impact of inflation on our operations was not material for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

The principal objective of the Company’s interest rate risk management is to evaluate the interest rate risk included in balance sheet accounts, determine the level of risks appropriate given our business strategy, operating environment, capital and liquidity requirements, and performance objectives, and manage the risk consistent with our interest rate risk management policy. Through this management, we seek to reduce the vulnerability of our operations to changes in interest rates. The Board of Directors of the Company is responsible for reviewing our asset/liability policy and interest rate risk position. The Board of Directors reviews the interest rate risk position on a quarterly basis and, in connection with this review, evaluates the Company’s business activities and strategies, the effect of those strategies on the Company’s net interest margin and the effect that changes in interest rates will have on the loan portfolio. While continuous movement of interest rates is certain, the extent and timing of these movements is not always predictable. Any movement in interest rates has an effect on our profitability. We face the risk that rising interest rates could cause the cost of interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings, to rise faster than the yield on interest-earning assets, such as loans and investments. Our interest rate spread and interest rate margin also may be negatively impacted in a declining interest rate environment even though we generally borrow at short-term interest rates and lend at longer-term interest rates. This is because loans and other interest-earning assets may be prepaid and replaced with lower yielding assets before the supporting interest-bearing liabilities reprice downward. Our interest rate margin may also be negatively impacted in a flat or inverse-yield curve environment. Mortgage origination activity tends to increase when interest rates trend lower and decrease when interest rates rise.

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Our primary strategy to control interest rate risk is to strive to balance our loan origination activities with the interest rate market. We attempt to maintain a substantial portion of our loan portfolio in short-term loans such as construction loans. This has proven to be an effective hedge against rapid increases in interest rates as the construction loan portfolio reprices rapidly.

The matching of maturity or repricing of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities may be analyzed by examining the extent to which these assets and liabilities are interest rate sensitive and by monitoring the Bank’s interest rate sensitivity gap. An interest-earning asset or interest-bearing liability is interest rate sensitive within a specific time period if it will mature or reprice within that time period. The difference between rate sensitive assets and rate sensitive liabilities represents the Bank’s interest sensitivity gap. At September 30, 2020, we had a one-year cumulative negative gap of $140.7 million.

Exposure to interest rate risk is actively monitored by management. The objective is to maintain a consistent level of profitability within acceptable risk tolerances across a broad range of potential interest rate environments. We use the PROFITstar® model to monitor our exposure to interest rate risk, which calculates changes in the economic value of equity (“EVE”).

The following table represents our EVE as of September 30, 2020:

Change in Rates		Amount			$ Change			% Change
		(dollars in thousands)
+400	bp	$	190,089		$	31,241			19.67	%
+300	bp		184,911			26,063			16.41	%
+200	bp		175,917			17,069			10.75	%
+100	bp		171,681			12,833			8.08	%
0	bp		158,848
-100	bp		42,911			(115,937	)		(72.99	)%
-200	bp		(118,168	)		(277,016	)		(174.39	)%

The preceding income simulation analysis does not represent a forecast of actual results and should not be relied upon as being indicative of expected operating results. These hypothetical estimates are based upon numerous assumptions, which are subject to change, including: the nature and timing of interest rate levels including the yield curve shape, prepayments on loans and securities, deposit decay rates, pricing decisions on loans and deposits, reinvestment/replacement of asset and liability cash flows, and others. Also, as market conditions vary, prepayment/refinancing levels, the varying impact of interest rate changes on caps and floors embedded in adjustable-rate loans, early withdrawal of deposits, changes in product preferences, and other internal/external variables will likely deviate from those assumed.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

The Company’s management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), evaluated, as of the last day of the period covered by this report, the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a‑15 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective. There were no changes in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a‑15 under the Securities Act of 1934) during the three months ended September 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

In the normal course of business, we are party to litigation arising from the banking, financial, and other activities we conduct. Management, after consultation with legal counsel, does not anticipate that the ultimate liability, if any, arising from these matters will have a material effect on the Company’s financial condition, operating results, or liquidity as of September 30, 2020.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The risks and uncertainties to which our financial condition and operations are subject are discussed in detail in Item 1A of Part I of the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Severn Bancorp as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019. In addition to the other information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the following risk factor represents material updates and additions to those aforementioned risk factors. Additional risks not presently known to us, or that we currently deem immaterial, may also adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Further, to the extent that any of the information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q constitutes forward-looking statements, the risk factor set forth below also is a cautionary statement identifying important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by or on behalf of us.

The economic impact of the novel COVID-19 outbreak could adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

In December 2019, COVID-19 was reported in China, and, in March 2020, the World Health Organization declared it a pandemic. On March 12, 2020, the President of the U.S. declared the COVID-19 outbreak in the U.S. a national emergency. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant economic disruption in the U.S. as many state and local governments have ordered nonessential businesses to close and residents to shelter in place at home. While most of these restrictions were lifted in June of 2020, the actions and continued presence of COVID-19 have resulted in an unprecedented slow-down in economic activity and a related increase in unemployment. Since the COVID-19 outbreak, there have been a record number of claims for unemployment and stock markets have declined in value and, in particular, bank stocks have significantly declined in value. In response to the COVID-19 outbreak, the FRB has reduced the benchmark fed funds rate to a target range of 0% to 0.25%, and the yields on 10 and 30-year treasury notes have declined to historic lows. Various state governments and federal agencies are requiring lenders to provide forbearance and other relief to borrowers (e.g., waiving late payment and other fees). The federal banking agencies have encouraged financial institutions to prudently work with affected borrowers and recently passed legislation has provided relief from reporting loan classifications due to modifications related to the COVID-19 outbreak. Certain industries have been particularly hard-hit, including the travel and hospitality industry, the restaurant industry, and the retail industry. Finally, the spread of COVID-19 has caused us to modify our business practices, including employee travel, employee work locations, and cancellation of physical participation in meetings, events, and conferences. We may take further actions as may be required by government authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, and business partners.

Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of the circumstances, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our business. The extent of such impact will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain, including when COVID-19 can be controlled and abated and when and how the economy may be permanently reopened.

As the result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related adverse local and national economic consequences, we could be subject to any of the following risks, any of which could have a material, adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations:

●

demand for our products and services may decline, making it difficult to grow assets and income;

●

if the economy is unable to permanently reopen, and high levels of unemployment continue for an extended period of time, loan delinquencies, problem assets, and foreclosures may increase, resulting in increased charges and reduced income;

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●

collateral for loans, especially real estate, may decline in value, which could cause loan losses to increase;

●

our Allowance may have to be increased if borrowers experience financial difficulties beyond forbearance periods, which will adversely affect our net income;

●

the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors may decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments to us;

●

as the result of the decline in the FRB’s target federal funds rate, the yield on our assets may decline to a greater extent than the decline in our cost of interest-bearing liabilities, reducing our net interest margin and spread and reducing net income;

●

a material decrease in net income or a net loss over several quarters could result in a decrease in the rate of our quarterly cash dividend;

●

a prolonged weakness in economic conditions resulting in a reduction of future projected earnings could result in our recording additional valuation allowance against our current outstanding deferred tax assets;

●

a prolonged weakness in economic conditions could result in a devaluation of our company value and result in an impairment charge on goodwill;

●

the unavailability of a critical service from a third party vendor due to the COVID-19 outbreak could have an adverse effect on us; and

●

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation premiums may increase if the agency experiences additional resolution costs.

Moreover, our future success and profitability substantially depends on the management skills of our executive officers and directors, many of whom have held officer and director positions with us for many years. The unanticipated loss or unavailability of key employees due to the outbreak could harm our ability to operate our business or execute our business strategy. We may not be successful in finding and integrating suitable successors in the event of key employee loss or unavailability.

Any one or a combination of the factors identified above could negatively impact our business, financial condition, and results of operations and prospects.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit No.		Description
31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32		Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS 101.SCH 101.CAL 101.LAB 101.PRE 101.DEF 104		Inline XBRL Instance Document Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit No.		Description
31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32		Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS 101.SCH 101.CAL 101.LAB 101.PRE 101.DEF 104		Inline XBRL Instance Document Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definitions Linkbase Document Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	SEVERN BANCORP, INC.

November 9, 2020	/s/ Alan J. Hyatt
	Alan J. Hyatt, Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)

November 9, 2020	/s/ Vance W. Adkins
	Vance W. Adkins, Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)