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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549 

_______________________________________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-___________________________________________________________________________________________________

☒ Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025

or

☐ Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from ____ to ____

Commission File Number: 001-31486

_______________________________________________________________________________________

WEBSTER FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 ______________________________________________________________________________________

Delaware						06-1187536
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

200 Elm Street, Stamford, Connecticut 06902

(Address and zip code of principal executive offices)

(203) 578-2202

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

______________________________________________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class			Trading Symbols			Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share			WBS			New York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing 1/1000th interest in a share			WBS-PrF			New York Stock Exchange
of 5.25% Series F Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock
Depositary Shares, each representing 1/40th interest in a share			WBS-PrG			New York Stock Exchange
of 6.50% Series G Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ☒  Yes    ☐  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒  Yes    ☐  No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer

☒

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes   ☒ No

The number of shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding as of May 2, 2025 was 168,229,092.

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INDEX

						Page No.
Key to Acronyms and Terms						ii
Forward-Looking Statements						iii
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.			Financial Statements			28
Item 2.			Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			1
Item 3.			Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk			77
Item 4.			Controls and Procedures			77
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.			Legal Proceedings			78
Item 1A.			Risk Factors			78
Item 2.			Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			78
Item 3.			Defaults Upon Senior Securities			78
Item 4.			Mine Safety Disclosures			78
Item 5.			Other Information			79
Item 6.			Exhibits			80
EXHIBIT INDEX						80
SIGNATURES						81

i

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KEY TO ACRONYMS AND TERMS

ACH			Automated clearing house
ACL			Allowance for credit losses
Agency			A financial services corporation created by the United States Congress
Agency CMBS			Agency commercial mortgage-backed securities
Agency CMO			Agency collateralized mortgage obligations
Agency MBS			Agency mortgage-backed securities
ALCO			Asset/Liability Committee
Ametros			Ametros Financial Corporation
AOCI / AOCL			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
ASC			Accounting Standards Codification
ASU or the Update			Accounting Standards Update
ATM			Automated teller machine
Basel III Capital Rules			Capital rules under a global regulatory framework developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
BHC Act			Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended
CECL			Current expected credit losses
CET1			Common Equity Tier 1 Capital, defined by Basel III capital rules
CET1 Risk-Based Capital			Ratio of CET1 capital to total risk-weighted assets, defined by the Basel III Capital Rules
CMBS			Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities
CODM			Chief Operating Decision Maker
CRA			Community Reinvestment Act of 1977
EAD			Exposure at default
FASB			Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC			Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FHLB			Federal Home Loan Bank
FICO			Fair Isaac Corporation
FRB			Federal Reserve Bank
FTE			Fully tax-equivalent
FTP			Funds Transfer Pricing, a matched maturity funding concept
GAAP			U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Holding Company			Webster Financial Corporation
HSA			Health savings account
HSA Bank			HSA Bank, a division of Webster Bank, National Association
interLINK			Interlink Insured Sweep LLC
LGD			Loss given default
LIHTC			Low-income housing tax credit
LTV			Loan-to-value
Marathon Asset Management			Marathon Asset Management MW Holding, LLC
MBS			Mortgage-backed securities
Moody’s			Moody’s Investor Services
NAICS			North American Industry Classification System
NAV			Net asset value
OCC			Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
OREO			Other real estate owned
PD			Probability of default
PPNR			Pre-tax, pre-provision net revenue
ROU			Right-of-use
S&P			Standard and Poor’s Rating Services
SEC			United States Securities and Exchange Commission
SOFR			Secured overnight financing rate
Tier 1 Leverage Capital			Ratio of Tier 1 capital to average tangible assets, defined by the Basel III Capital Rules
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital			Ratio of Tier 1 capital to total risk-weighted assets, defined by the Basel III Capital Rules
Total Risk-Based Capital			Ratio of total capital to total risk-weighted assets, defined by the Basel III Capital Rules
UPB			Unpaid principal balance
U.S.			United States
VIE			Variable Interest Entity; defined in ASC 810-10 “Consolidation-Overall”
Webster Bank or the Bank			Webster Bank, National Association, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Webster Financial Corporation
Webster or the Company			Webster Financial Corporation, collectively with its consolidated subsidiaries

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “outlook,” “target,” “continue,” “remain,” “will,” “should,” “may,” “plans,” “estimates,” and similar references to future periods. However, these words are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements.

Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

▪projections of revenues, expenses, income or loss, earnings or loss per share, and other financial items;

▪statements of plans, objectives, and expectations of the Company or its management or Board of Directors;

▪statements of future economic performance; and

▪statements of assumptions underlying such statements.

Forward-looking statements are based on the Company’s current expectations and assumptions regarding its business, the economy, and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks, and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict, and in many cases, are beyond the Company’s control. The Company’s actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements, which are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees or assurances of future performance. Factors that could cause the Company’s actual results to differ from those discussed in any forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

▪our ability to successfully execute our business plan and strategic initiatives, and manage any risks or uncertainties;

▪continued regulatory changes or other risk mitigation efforts taken by government agencies in response to the risk to safety and soundness in the banking industry;

▪volatility in Webster’s stock price due to investor sentiment and perception of the banking industry;

▪local, regional, national, and international economic conditions or macroeconomic instability (including any economic slowdown or recession, inflation, monetary fluctuation, tariff increases, interest rate changes, credit loss trends, unemployment, changes in housing or securities markets, or other factors) and the impact of the same on us or our customers;

▪volatility, disruption, or uncertainty in national and international financial markets, including as a result of geopolitical developments;

▪the impact of unrealized losses in our financial instruments, particularly in our available-for-sale securities portfolio;

▪changes in laws and regulations, or existing laws and regulations that we become subject to, including those concerning banking, taxes, dividends, securities, insurance, cybersecurity, and healthcare administration, with which we must comply;

▪adverse conditions in the securities markets that could lead to impairment in the value of our securities portfolio;

▪possible changes in governmental monetary and fiscal policies, or any leadership changes of those determining such policies, including, but not limited to, Federal Reserve policies in connection with continued inflationary pressures;

▪the effects of any U.S. federal government closures or significant staff reductions or restructurings in agencies regulating or otherwise impacting our business;

▪the impact of any new regulatory, policy, or enforcement developments resulting from the policies or actions of the current U.S. presidential administration, including the announcement and/or implementation of tariffs and other protectionist trade policies, and any reciprocal and/or retaliatory tariffs by foreign countries, including the effect on our customers;

▪the timely development and acceptance of any new products and services, and the perceived value of those products and services by customers;

▪changes in deposit flows, consumer spending, borrowings, and savings habits;

▪our ability to implement new technologies and maintain secure and reliable information and technology systems;

▪the effects of any cybersecurity threats, attacks or disruptions, fraudulent activity, or other data breaches or security events, including those involving our third-party vendors and service providers;

▪performance by our counterparties and third-party vendors;

▪our ability to increase market share and control expenses;

▪changes in the competitive environment among banks, financial holding companies, and other traditional and non-traditional financial service providers;

▪our ability to maintain adequate sources of funding and liquidity;

▪our ability to attract, develop, motivate, and retain skilled employees;

▪changes in loan demand or real estate values;

▪changes in the mix of loan geographies, sectors, or types, and the level of non-performing assets, charge-offs, and delinquencies;

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▪changes in our estimates of current expected credit losses based upon periodic review under relevant regulatory and accounting requirements;

▪the effect of changes in accounting policies and practices applicable to us, including impacts of recently adopted accounting guidance;

▪legal and regulatory developments, including any due to judicial decisions, the initiation or resolution of legal proceedings or regulatory or other governmental inquiries, the results of regulatory examinations or reviews, disruptions at regulatory agencies, government funding, or other issues;

▪our ability to navigate differing environmental, social, governmental, and sustainability concerns among federal and state governmental administrations and judicial decisions, our stakeholders, and other activists that may arise from our business activities;

▪our ability to assess and monitor the effect of evolving uses of artificial intelligence on our business and operations; and

▪the occurrence of natural disasters, severe weather events, and public health crises, and any governmental or societal responses thereto.

Any forward-looking statement in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speaks only as of the date on which it is made. Factors or events that could cause the Company’s actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for the Company to predict all of them. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise, except as may be required by law.

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Webster Financial Corporation is a bank holding company and financial holding company under the BHC Act, incorporated under the laws of Delaware in 1986, and headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut. As of March 31, 2025, Webster Financial Corporation had more than $80 billion in total consolidated assets. Webster Bank is a commercial bank with a national bank charter focused on providing financial products and services to businesses, individuals, and families. While its core footprint spans the Northeast from the New York metropolitan area to Rhode Island and Massachusetts, certain businesses operate in extended geographies. Webster Bank offers three differentiated lines of business: Commercial Banking, Healthcare Financial Services, and Consumer Banking.

The following discussion and analysis provides information that management believes is necessary to understand the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to 2024. This information should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and accompanying Notes thereto, contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements of this report, and the Consolidated Financial Statements, and accompanying Notes thereto, contained in Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to 2024, are not necessarily indicative of future results that may be attained for the entire year or other interim periods.

Economic Outlook

Recent announcements from the current U.S. administration regarding changes in trade policies and other economic policies and practices, including tariffs, have created significant economic uncertainty in the U.S., which could contribute to higher inflation and increase the risk of a recession. Events such as these are outside of our control, but nonetheless may alter customer behavior, including borrowing, repayment, investment, and deposit practices, which could, in turn, adversely impact our business and financial results in future periods. While we cannot predict the potential impact that these changes and economic developments may have on us or our customers, we believe that our diverse businesses, strong capital position, unique deposit profile, and solid risk management framework allow us to operate in a range of economic environments.

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Results of Operations

The following table summarizes selected financial highlights and key performance indicators:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In thousands, except per share and ratio data)			2025						2024
Income and performance ratios:
Net income			$	226,917					$	216,323
Net income applicable to common stockholders			220,367						210,059
Earnings per common share - diluted			1.30						1.23
Return on average assets (annualized)			1.15		%				1.15		%
Return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity (annualized) (non-GAAP)			15.93						16.30
Return on average common stockholders’ equity (annualized)			9.94						10.01
Non-interest income as a percentage of total revenue			13.14						14.89
Asset quality:
ACL on loans and leases			$	713,321					$	641,442
Non-performing assets (1)			564,708						289,254
ACL on loans and leases / total loans and leases			1.34		%				1.26		%
Net charge-offs / average loans and leases (annualized)			0.42						0.29
Non-performing loans and leases / total loans and leases (1)			1.06						0.56
Non-performing assets / total loans and leases plus OREO and repossessed assets (1)			1.06						0.57
ACL on loans and leases / non-performing loans and leases (1)			126.39						226.17
Other ratios:
Tangible common equity (non-GAAP)			7.43		%				7.15		%
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital			11.76						11.08
Total Risk-Based Capital			13.96						13.21
CET1 Risk-Based Capital			11.25						10.57
Stockholders’ equity / total assets			11.47						11.49
Net interest margin (2)			3.48						3.41
Efficiency ratio (non-GAAP)			45.79						45.25
Equity and share related:
Common stockholders’ equity			$	8,920,175					$	8,463,519
Book value per common share			52.91						49.07
Tangible book value per common share (non-GAAP)			33.97						30.22
Common stock closing price			51.55						50.77
Dividends and equivalents declared per common share			0.40						0.40
Common shares outstanding			168,594						172,464
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic			169,182						170,445
Weighted-average common shares - diluted			169,544						170,704

(1)Non-performing assets and the related asset quality ratios exclude the impact of net unamortized (discounts)/premiums and net unamortized deferred (fees)/costs on loans and leases.

(2)Effective as of the first quarter of 2025, the Company changed its methodology used to annualize net interest income in its quarterly net interest margin calculation. Net interest margin for the prior period has been recast.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The non-GAAP financial measures identified in the preceding table provide both management and investors with information useful in understanding the Company’s financial position, results of operations, the strength of its capital position, and overall business performance. These non-GAAP financial measures are used by management for performance measurement purposes, as well as for internal planning and forecasting, and by securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties to assess peer company operating performance. Management believes that this presentation, together with the accompanying reconciliations, provides investors with a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting the Company’s business and allows investors to view its performance in a similar manner.

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Tangible book value per common share represents stockholders’ equity less preferred stock and goodwill and other intangible assets (tangible common equity) divided by common shares outstanding at the end of the reporting period. The tangible common equity ratio represents tangible common equity divided by total assets less goodwill and other intangible assets (tangible assets). Both of these measures are used by management to evaluate the Company’s capital position. The annualized return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity is calculated using net income less preferred stock dividends, adjusted for the annualized tax-effected amortization of intangible assets, as a percentage of average tangible common equity. This measure is used by management to assess the Company’s performance against its peer financial institutions. The efficiency ratio, which represents the costs expended to generate a dollar of revenue, is calculated excluding certain non-operational items in order to measure how well the Company is managing its recurring operating expenses.

These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered a substitute for GAAP basis financial measures. Because
non-GAAP financial measures are not standardized, it may not be possible to compare these with other companies that present financial measures having the same or similar names.

The following tables reconcile non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable financial measures defined by GAAP:

			March 31,
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data)			2025						2024
Tangible book value per common share:
Stockholders’ equity			$	9,204,154					$	8,747,498
Less: Preferred stock			283,979						283,979
Goodwill and other intangible assets			3,193,132						3,250,909
Tangible common stockholders’ equity			$	5,727,043					$	5,212,610
Common shares outstanding			168,594						172,464
Tangible book value per common share			$	33.97					$	30.22
Book value per common share (GAAP)			$	52.91					$	49.07
Tangible common equity ratio:
Tangible common stockholders’ equity			$	5,727,043					$	5,212,610
Total assets			$	80,279,750					$	76,161,693
Less: Goodwill and other intangible assets			3,193,132						3,250,909
Tangible assets			$	77,086,618					$	72,910,784
Tangible common equity ratio			7.43		%				7.15		%
Common stockholders’ equity to total assets (GAAP)			11.11		%				11.11		%

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			Three months ended March 31,
(Dollars in thousands)			2025						2024
Return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity:
Net income			$	226,917					$	216,323
Less: Preferred stock dividends			4,163						4,163
Add: Intangible assets amortization, tax-effected			6,732						7,263
Net income adjusted for preferred stock dividends and intangible assets amortization			$	229,486					$	219,423
Net income adjusted for preferred stock dividends and intangible assets amortization (annualized)			$	917,944					$	877,692
Average stockholders’ equity			$	9,245,030					$	8,759,992
Less: Average preferred stock			283,979						283,979
Average goodwill and other intangible assets			3,198,123						3,090,751
Average tangible common stockholders’ equity			$	5,762,928					$	5,385,262
Return on average tangible common stockholders’ equity			15.93		%				16.30		%
Return on average common stockholders’ equity (annualized) (GAAP)			9.94		%				10.01		%
Efficiency ratio:
Non-interest expense			$	343,644					$	335,923
Less: Foreclosed property activities			517						(330)
Intangible assets amortization			9,237						9,194
Operating lease depreciation			16						663
FDIC special assessment estimate			—						11,862
Ametros acquisition expenses			—						3,139
Non-interest expense			$	333,874					$	311,395
Net interest income			$	612,192					$	567,739
Add: FTE adjustment			13,611						15,879
Non-interest income			92,606						99,353
Other income (1)			11,032						7,626
Less: Operating lease depreciation			16						663
Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities, net			220						(9,826)
Net gain on sale of mortgage servicing rights			—						11,655
Adjusted income			$	729,205					$	688,105
Efficiency ratio			45.79		%				45.25		%
Non-interest expense as a percentage of total revenue (GAAP)			48.76		%				50.36		%

(1)Other income (non-GAAP) reflects a tax-equivalent adjustment on income generated from low-income housing tax credit investments.

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Net Interest Income Analysis

The following table summarizes daily average balances, interest, and average yield/rate by major category, and net interest margin on an FTE basis:

			Three months ended March 31,
			2025												2024
(Dollars in thousands)			Average Balance			Interest Income/Expense			Average Yield/Rate						Average Balance			Interest Income/Expense			Average Yield/Rate
Assets:
Interest-earning assets:
Loans and leases (1)			$	52,568,406		$	766,388		5.84		%				$	50,938,418		$	801,864		6.24		%
Investment securities: (2)
Taxable			17,141,694			189,455			4.42						14,530,021			141,131			3.87
Non-taxable			972,264			7,354			3.03						2,342,190			12,514			2.18
Total investment securities			18,113,958			196,809			4.35						16,872,211			153,645			3.64
FHLB and FRB stock			323,982			3,954			4.95						343,992			4,352			5.09
Interest-bearing deposits (3)			1,819,496			19,932			4.38						572,401			7,786			5.38
Loans held for sale			28,732			15			0.21						13,418			82			2.45
Total interest-earning assets			72,854,574			$	987,098		5.42		%				68,740,440			$	967,729		5.59		%
Non-interest-earning assets (2)			6,410,395												6,592,325
Total assets			$	79,264,969											$	75,332,765
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity:
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Demand			$	10,280,570		$	—		—		%				$	10,582,416		$	—		—		%
Health savings accounts			9,307,517			3,560			0.16						8,605,640			3,191			0.15
Interest-bearing checking			9,709,820			40,899			1.71						9,255,252			41,353			1.80
Money market			21,114,901			183,107			3.52						18,102,661			186,752			4.15
Savings			7,104,607			28,143			1.61						6,697,772			21,545			1.29
Certificates of deposit			6,047,194			54,942			3.68						5,779,350			62,499			4.35
Brokered certificates of deposit			1,402,350			15,732			4.55						1,542,275			20,631			5.38
Total deposits			64,966,959			326,383			2.04						60,565,366			335,971			2.23
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase			244,560			1,676			2.74						130,653			171			0.52
Federal funds purchased			—			—			—						140,165			1,937			5.47
FHLB advances			2,112,301			23,589			4.47						2,689,632			37,367			5.50
Long-term debt (2)			886,235			9,647			4.35						953,508			8,665			3.64
Total borrowings			3,243,096			34,912			4.31						3,913,958			48,140			4.88
Total deposits and interest-bearing liabilities			68,210,055			$	361,295		2.15		%				64,479,324			$	384,111		2.39		%
Non-interest-bearing liabilities (2)			1,809,884												2,093,449
Total liabilities			70,019,939												66,572,773
Preferred stock			283,979												283,979
Common stockholders’ equity			8,961,051												8,476,013
Total stockholders’ equity			9,245,030												8,759,992
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity			$	79,264,969											$	75,332,765
Net interest income (FTE)						$	625,803											$	583,618
Less: FTE adjustment (4)						(13,611)												(15,879)
Net interest income						$	612,192											$	567,739
Net interest margin (FTE) (5)									3.48		%										3.41		%

(1)Non-accrual loans have been included in the computation of average balances.

(2)In order to provide the users of the Company’s financial statements with a more transparent view of the actual consolidated average balances that are used in the calculation of net interest margin, the Company has recast, in the above table, certain consolidated
average balances for the three months ended March 31, 2024, to reflect a change in presentation being applied retrospectively. Specifically, adjustments were made to exclude average unsettled trades of $108.8 million and average available-for-sale unrealized losses of $737.7 million, from investment securities, and to exclude an average basis adjustment of $27.4 million from long-term debt related to a de-designated fair value hedge. Rather, effective as of December 31, 2024, these amounts are being presented in average non-interest-earning assets and average non-interest-bearing liabilities, respectively. There was no change to the related yields/rates or net interest income that had been previously disclosed.

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(3)Interest-bearing deposits are a component of Cash and cash equivalents on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows included in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements.

(4)FTE adjustments on loans and leases and investment securities are determined assuming a statutory federal income tax rate of 21%. Items computed on an FTE basis are considered non-GAAP financial measures, and are used by management to evaluate the comparability of the Company’s revenue arising from both taxable and non-taxable sources.

(5)Effective as of the first quarter of 2025, the Company changed its methodology used to annualize net interest income in its quarterly net interest margin calculation. Net interest margin for the prior period has been recast. There were no changes to the related yields/rates or net interest income that had been previously disclosed.

The following table summarizes the change in net interest income attributable to changes in rate and volume, and reflects net interest income on an FTE basis:

			Three months ended March 31,
			2025 vs. 2024 Increase (decrease) due to
(In thousands)			Rate (1)			Volume			Total
Change in interest on interest-earning assets:
Loans and leases			$	(56,668)		$	21,192		$	(35,476)
Investment securities			32,471			10,693			43,164
FHLB and FRB stock			(145)			(253)			(398)
Interest-bearing deposits			(4,818)			16,964			12,146
Loans held for sale			—			(67)			(67)
Total interest income			$	(29,160)		$	48,529		$	19,369
Change in interest on interest-bearing liabilities:
Health savings accounts			$	109		$	260		$	369
Interest-bearing checking			(2,485)			2,031			(454)
Money market			(34,720)			31,075			(3,645)
Savings			5,288			1,310			6,598
Certificates of deposit			(10,453)			2,896			(7,557)
Brokered certificates of deposits			(3,027)			(1,872)			(4,899)
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase			1,355			150			1,505
Federal funds purchased			—			(1,937)			(1,937)
FHLB advances			(5,757)			(8,021)			(13,778)
Long-term debt			1,593			(611)			982
Total interest expense			$	(48,097)		$	25,281		$	(22,816)
Net change in net interest income			$	18,937		$	23,248		$	42,185

(1)The change attributable to mix, a combined impact of rate and volume, is included with the change due to rate.

Net interest income increased $44.5 million, or 7.8%, from $567.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, to $612.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. Net interest margin increased 7 basis points from 3.41% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, to 3.48% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, reflecting increases of $4.1 billion, or 6.0%, in average total interest-earning assets and $3.7 billion, or 5.8%, in average interest-bearing liabilities. The lower interest rate environment during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily resulted in the average yield on average interest-earning assets to decrease by 17 basis points and the average rate on average interest-bearing liabilities to decrease by 24 basis points.

The change in average interest-earnings assets was primarily attributed to the following items:

•Average loans and leases increased $1.6 billion, or 3.2%, primarily due to increases in average commercial and institutional loans and average residential mortgages.

•Average total investment securities increased $1.2 billion, or 7.4%, reflecting increases of $1.0 billion in held-to-maturity and $0.2 billion in available-for-sale, primarily due the timing and volume of purchase and sales activities.

•Average interest-bearing deposits held at the FRB increased $1.2 billion, or 217.9%, primarily due to management’s strategic decision to hold higher levels of on-balance sheet liquidity.

The change in average interest-bearing liabilities was primarily attributed to the following items:

•Average total deposits increased $4.4 billion, or 7.3%, primarily due to increases in average money markets, which contributed to $3.0 billion of the change. The Company also experienced increases across all other deposit products except for average demand and average brokered certificates of deposits.

•Average FHLB advances decreased $0.6 billion, or 21.5%, primarily due to the paydown of short-term advances and a change in short-term borrowings mix.

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Provision for Credit Losses

The total provision for credit losses increased $32.0 million, or 70.3%, from $45.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, to $77.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to additional loan and lease reserves resulting from uncertainty in the current macroeconomic environment and risk rating migration.

Additional information regarding the Company’s provision for credit losses on loans and leases and the related ACL can be found under the sections captioned “Loans and Leases” through “Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases” contained elsewhere in this Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Non-Interest Income

			Three months ended March 31,
(In thousands)			2025						2024
Deposit service fees			$	38,895					$	42,589
Loan and lease related fees			17,621						19,767
Wealth and investment services			7,789						7,924
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies			7,992						5,946
Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities, net			220						(9,826)
Other income			20,089						32,953
Total non-interest income			$	92,606					$	99,353

Total non-interest income decreased $6.8 million, or 6.8%, from $99.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, to $92.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to decreases in Other income and Deposit services fees, partially offset by the change in Net gains (losses) on sale of investment securities.

Deposit service fees decreased $3.7 million, or 8.7%, from $42.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, to $38.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to higher revenue share costs and lower customer account service fees, partially offset by higher ATM surcharges.

Net gains (losses) on sale of investment securities changed $10.0 million, or 102.2%, from net (losses) of $9.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, to net gains of $0.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company sold $14.7 million of Corporate debt securities classified as available-for-sale for proceeds of $14.9 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2024 the Company sold $344.1 million of Agency MBS, Corporate debt securities, and Municipal bonds and notes classified as available-for-sale for proceeds of $331.7 million. The amounts presented in non-interest income include the portion of any losses that were not due to credit related factors.

Other income decreased $12.9 million, or 39.0%, from $33.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, to $20.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to the $11.7 million net gain on sale of mortgage servicing rights in the first quarter of 2024, the credit valuation adjustment, and bank-owned life insurance events in the first quarter of 2024, partially offset by higher direct investment income.

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Non-Interest Expense

			Three months ended March 31,
(In thousands)			2025						2024
Compensation and benefits			$	198,645					$	188,540
Occupancy			19,717						19,439
Technology and equipment			47,719						45,836
Intangible assets amortization			9,237						9,194
Marketing			4,027						4,281
Professional and outside services			17,226						12,981
Deposit insurance			16,345						24,223
Other expense			30,728						31,429
Total non-interest expense			$	343,644					$	335,923

Total non-interest expense increased $7.7 million, or 2.3%, from $335.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, to $343.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to increases in Compensation and benefits and Professional and outside services, partially offset by a decrease in Deposit insurance.

Compensation and benefits increased $10.1 million, or 5.4%, from $188.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, to $198.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to higher compensation, performance-based incentives, and employee benefits.

Professional and outside services increased $4.2 million, or 32.7%, from $13.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, to $17.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to an increase in technology consulting fees.

Deposit insurance decreased $7.9 million, or 32.5%, from $24.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, to $16.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, primarily due to an increase in the FDIC special assessment estimate in the first quarter of 2024, partially offset by the impact from the increase in the Company’s deposit insurance assessment base.

Income Taxes

The Company recognized income tax expense of $56.7 million and $69.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively, reflecting effective tax rates of 20.0% and 24.3%, respectively. The higher income tax expense and effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily reflects the recognition of a $10.9 million discrete expense in that period, which impacted the effective rate by 3.8 percentage points.

Additional information regarding the Company’s income taxes, including its deferred tax assets, can be found within Note 9: Income Taxes in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

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Segment Reporting

The Company’s operations are organized into three reportable segments that represent its differentiated lines of business: Commercial Banking, Healthcare Financial Services, and Consumer Banking. Additional information regarding the Company’s reportable segments and its segment reporting methodology can be found within Note 15: Segment Reporting in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements of this report, and within Note 21: Segment Reporting in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Commercial Banking

Operating Results:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In thousands)			2025						2024
Net interest income			$	319,123					$	341,942
Non-interest income			28,958						34,280
Non-interest expense			106,582						106,225
Pre-tax, pre-provision net revenue			$	241,499					$	269,997

Commercial Banking’s PPNR decreased $28.5 million, or 10.6%, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, due to decreases in net interest income and non-interest income, and an increase in non-interest expense. The $22.8 million decrease in net interest income is primarily due to lower loan yields, partially offset by loan growth and lower deposit costs. The $5.3 million decrease in non-interest income is primarily due to lower direct investment gains, interest rate hedging activities, cash management fees, and factoring income. The $0.4 million increase in non-interest expense is primarily due to increased investments in human capital, operational process improvements, and technology to support growth of the Commercial Banking segment.

Selected Balance Sheet and Off-Balance Sheet Information:

(In thousands)			March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
Loans and leases			$	40,790,670					$	40,616,156
Deposits			16,572,502						16,251,850
Assets under administration / management (off-balance sheet)			2,957,462						2,965,624

Loans and leases increased $0.2 billion, or 0.4%, at March 31, 2025, as compared to December 31, 2024, primarily due to growth in commercial non-mortgage loans, partially offset by net principal paydowns in commercial real estate and equipment financing loans. Total portfolio originations for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, were $2.1 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively. The $0.1 billion decrease was primarily due to decreased commercial real estate originations, partially offset by increased commercial non-mortgage and equipment financing originations.

Deposits increased $0.3 billion, or 2.0%, at March 31, 2025, as compared to December 31, 2024, primarily due to higher savings and money market accounts balances resulting from seasonal net inflows, partially offset by decreases in checking and non-interest bearing demand deposits.

Assets under administration and assets under management, in aggregate, remained relatively flat at approximately $3.0 billion at both March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, as the impact due to lower valuations in the equity markets was offset by net investment fund inflows.

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Healthcare Financial Services

Operating Results:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In thousands)			2025						2024
Net interest income			$	96,361					$	86,138
Non-interest income			29,390						31,061
Non-interest expense			55,720						52,127
Pre-tax, pre-provision net revenue			$	70,031					$	65,072

Healthcare Financial Services’ PPNR increased $5.0 million, or 7.6%, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, due to an increase in net interest income, partially offset by a decrease in non-interest income and an increase in non-interest expense. The $10.2 million increase in net interest income is primarily due to higher deposit balances, partially offset by lower deposit spreads. The $1.7 million decrease in non-interest income is primarily due to lower deposit service fees and higher revenue share costs, partially offset by an increase in other income from Ametros. The $3.6 million increase in non-interest expense is primarily due to higher compensation and benefits and technology costs.

Selected Balance Sheet and Off-Balance Sheet Information:

(In thousands)			March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
Deposits			$	10,245,003					$	9,966,773
Assets under administration, through linked investment accounts (off-balance sheet)			5,108,311						5,321,736

Deposits increased $0.3 billion, or 2.8%, at March 31, 2025, as compared to December 31, 2024, primarily due to additional HSA Bank and Ametros account holders in the first quarter of 2025.

Assets under administration, through linked investment accounts, decreased $0.2 billion, or 4.0%, at March 31, 2025, as compared to December 31, 2024, primarily due to a decrease in investment account balances as a result of lower valuations in the equity markets, partially offset by additional HSA Bank account holders during the first quarter of 2025.

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Consumer Banking

Operating Results:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In thousands)			2025						2024
Net interest income			$	202,064					$	205,777
Non-interest income			26,204						33,978
Non-interest expense			122,656						120,121
Pre-tax, pre-provision net revenue			$	105,612					$	119,634

Consumer Banking’s PPNR decreased $14.0 million, or 11.7%, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, due to decreases in net interest income and non-interest income, and an increase in non-interest expense. The $3.7 million decrease in net interest income is primarily due to growth in higher cost deposit products, partially offset by loan growth. The $7.8 million decrease in non-interest income is primarily due to the net gain on sale of mortgage servicing rights in the first quarter of 2024, coupled with lower investment services income and loan servicing fees, partially offset by increased deposit service fees. The $2.5 million increase in non-interest expense is primarily due to increased investments in technology and outside professional services, partially offset by lower operational support expenses, costs related to debit card processing, and employee benefits expenses.

Selected Balance Sheet and Off-Balance Sheet Information:

(In thousands)			March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
Loans			$	12,266,777					$	11,886,095
Deposits			27,797,351						27,332,786
Assets under administration (off-balance sheet)			7,433,931						7,997,114

Loans increased $0.4 billion, or 3.2%, at March 31, 2025, as compared to December 31, 2024, primarily due to growth in residential mortgages and an increase in other consumer loans, partially offset by net principal paydowns in home equity loans/lines of credit and small business commercial loans. Total portfolio originations for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, were $0.6 billion and $0.3 billion. The $0.3 billion increase was primarily due to increased residential mortgage originations, partially offset by decreased small business commercial loan originations.

Deposits increased $0.5 billion, or 1.7%, at March 31, 2025, as compared to December 31, 2024, primarily due to higher savings, money market, checking, and non-interest-bearing demand deposits balances resulting from seasonal net inflows.

Assets under administration decreased $0.6 billion, or 7.0% at March 31, 2025, as compared to December 31, 2024, primarily due to the sale of two investment portfolios and lower valuations in the equity markets.

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Financial Condition

Total assets increased $1.3 billion, or 1.6%, from $79.0 billion at December 31, 2024, to $80.3 billion at March 31, 2025. The change in total assets was primarily attributed to the following items, which experienced changes greater than $100 million:

•Cash and cash equivalents increased $0.4 billion, primarily due to an increase in interest-bearing deposits held at the FRB as a result of management’s strategic decision to hold higher levels of on-balance sheet liquidity;

•Total investment securities, net increased $0.2 billion, reflecting a $0.3 billion increase in the available-for-sale portfolio, partially offset by a $0.1 billion decrease in the held-to-maturity portfolio. The net increase in total investment securities was primarily due to purchases exceeding paydown activities, particularly across the Agency MBS, Agency CMBS, and CMBS categories;

•Loans and leases increased $0.6 billion, primarily due to $2.7 billion of originations during the three months ended March 31, 2025, particularly across the commercial non-mortgage, commercial real estate, and residential mortgages, partially offset by net principal paydowns;

Total liabilities increased $1.2 billion, or 1.7%, from $69.9 billion at December 31, 2024, to $71.1 billion at March 31, 2025. The change in total liabilities was primarily attributed to the following items:

•Total deposits increased $0.8 billion, primarily reflecting a $1.0 billion increase in interest-bearing deposits, partially offset by a $0.2 billion decrease in non-interest-bearing deposits. The net increase in total deposits was primarily due to an increase in money market deposits, particularly from interLINK, and growth in savings and health savings accounts, partially offset by decreases in brokered certificates of deposit and non-interest-bearing demand.

•Securities sold under agreements to repurchase decreased $0.3 billion, primarily due to a change in short-term funding mix;

•FHLB advances increased $0.8 billion, also primarily due to a change in short-term funding mix;

•Accrued expenses and other liabilities decreased $0.2 billion. Notable drivers of the change included decreases in accrued compensation due to bonus payouts in March 2025, treasury derivative liabilities, and accrued interest payable, partially offset by an increase in unfunded commitments for LIHTC investments.

Total stockholders’ equity increased $0.1 billion, or 0.8%, from $9.1 billion at December 31, 2024, to $9.2 billion at March 31, 2025. The change in total stockholders’ equity was attributed to the following items:

•Net income of $226.9 million;

•Other comprehensive income, net of tax, of $107.0 million;

•Dividends paid to common and preferred stockholders of $68.7 million and $4.2 million, respectively;

•Stock-based compensation expense of $14.0 million;

•Repurchases of common stock of $182.3 million under the Company’s common stock repurchase program and $21.8 million related to employee stock-based compensation plan activity.

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Investment Securities

Through its Corporate Treasury function, the Company maintains and invests in debt securities that are primarily used to provide a source of liquidity for operating needs, as a means to manage the Company’s interest-rate risk, and to generate interest income. The Company’s investment securities are classified into two major categories: available-for-sale and
held-to-maturity.

The ALCO manages the Company’s investment securities in accordance with regulatory guidelines and corporate policies, which include limitations on aspects such as concentrations in and types of investments, as well as minimum risk ratings per type of security. In addition, the OCC may further establish individual limits on certain types of investments if the concentration in such security presents a safety and soundness concern. Although the Bank held the entirety of the Company’s investment securities portfolio at both March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the Holding Company may also directly hold investments.

The following table summarizes the carrying amount and percentage composition of the Company’s investment securities:

			March 31, 2025									December 31, 2024
(In thousands)			Amount			%						Amount			%
Available-for-sale:
Government agency debentures			$	192,341		2.1		%				$	186,426		2.1		%
Municipal bonds and notes			109,294			1.2						110,876			1.2
Agency CMO			28,285			0.3						29,043			0.3
Agency MBS			4,758,155			50.8						4,519,785			50.2
Agency CMBS			3,156,300			33.7						3,034,392			33.8
CMBS			629,351			6.7						625,388			6.9
Corporate debt			437,930			4.7						452,266			5.0
Private label MBS			39,158			0.4						39,219			0.4
Other			9,283			0.1						9,205			0.1
Total available-for-sale			$	9,360,097		100.0		%				$	9,006,600		100.0		%
Held-to-maturity:
Agency CMO			$	19,079		0.2		%				$	19,847		0.2		%
Agency MBS			3,036,457			36.6						3,109,411			36.8
Agency CMBS			4,332,667			52.2						4,357,505			51.6
Municipal bonds and notes (1)			844,431			10.2						891,909			10.6
CMBS			65,402			0.8						65,690			0.8
Total held-to-maturity			$	8,298,036		100.0		%				$	8,444,362		100.0		%
Total investment securities			$	17,658,133								$	17,450,962

(1)The balances at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, exclude the ACL recorded on held-to-maturity securities of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

Available-for-sale securities increased $0.3 billion, or 3.9%, from $9.0 billion at December 31, 2024, to $9.3 billion at
March 31, 2025, primarily due to purchases exceeding paydown activities, particularly across the Agency MBS, Agency CMBS, and CMBS categories. The average FTE yield on the available-for-sale portfolio was 4.67% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to 3.85% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The 82 basis point increase is primarily due to higher yields on securities that were purchased over the past year, as compared to the yields on securities with paydown activities or that were sold.

At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, gross unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities were $0.6 billion and $0.7 billion, respectively. The $0.1 billion decrease is primarily due to lower market interest rates. On a quarterly basis, each available-for-sale security that is in an unrealized loss position is evaluated to determine whether the decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis is a result of any credit related factors. At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the ACL on available-for-sale securities was $0.9 million, which related to a single Corporate debt security. Each of the Company’s other available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2025, are investment grade, current as to principal and interest, and their price changes are consistent with interest and credit spreads when adjusting for duration, convexity, rating, and industry differences. Based on current market conditions and the Company’s targeted balance sheet composition strategy, the Company intends to hold its available-for-sale securities in unrealized loss positions through the anticipated recovery period.

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Held-to-maturity securities decreased $0.1 billion, or 1.7%, from $8.4 billion at December 31, 2024, to $8.3 billion at
March 31, 2025, primarily due to paydown activities across the Agency MBS, Municipal bonds and notes, and Agency CMBS categories. There were no purchases of held-to-maturity securities during the three months ended March 31, 2025. The average FTE yield on the held-to-maturity portfolio was 3.97% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to 3.37% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The 60 basis point increase is primarily due to higher yields on securities that were purchased over the past year, as compared to the yields on securities with paydown activities.

At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, gross unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities were $0.9 billion and $1.0 billion, respectively. The $0.1 billion decrease is primarily due to lower market interest rates. Held-to-maturity securities are evaluated for credit losses on a quarterly basis under the CECL methodology. At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the ACL on held-to-maturity securities was $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes the maturity distribution of investment securities by the earlier of either contractual maturity or call date, as applicable, along with their respective weighted-average yields:

			March 31, 2025
			1 Year or Less						1 - 5 Years						5 - 10 Years						After 10 Years						Total
(Dollars in thousands)			Amount			Weighted- Average Yield (1)			Amount			Weighted- Average Yield (1)			Amount			Weighted- Average Yield (1)			Amount			Weighted- Average Yield (1)			Amount			Weighted- Average Yield (1)
Available-for-sale:
Government agency debentures			$	—		—		%	$	—		—		%	$	99,549		2.51		%	$	123,240		3.76		%	$	222,789		3.20		%
Municipal bonds and notes			5,592			2.89			961			4.36			29,777			1.98			86,669			2.24			122,999			2.22
Agency CMO			49			2.98			—			—			2,195			3.40			28,611			2.83			30,855			2.87
Agency MBS			376			0.75			3,002			1.36			1,191			3.87			4,923,083			4.64			4,927,652			4.63
Agency CMBS			—			—			109,117			4.73			250,433			4.57			3,117,384			4.79			3,476,934			4.77
CMBS			—			—			22,280			5.85			—			—			610,053			5.95			632,333			5.95
Corporate debt			—			—			84,961			3.47			368,810			3.32			20,828			2.94			474,599			3.33
Private label MBS			—			—			—			—			—			—			43,355			4.01			43,355			4.01
Other			—			—			5,000			3.80			4,861			2.69			—			—			9,861			3.26
Total available-for-sale			$	6,017		2.75		%	$	225,321		4.26		%	$	756,816		3.57		%	$	8,953,223		4.73		%	$	9,941,377		4.63		%
Held-to-maturity:
Agency CMO			$	—		—		%	$	—		—		%	$	—		—		%	$	19,079		2.86		%	$	19,079		2.86		%
Agency MBS			—			—			116			2.08			35,321			2.61			3,001,020			3.46			3,036,457			3.45
Agency CMBS			—			—			106,407			2.68			—			—			4,226,260			4.24			4,332,667			4.21
Municipal bonds and notes			2,889			2.76			56,683			2.80			205,391			2.88			579,468			3.28			844,431			2.76
CMBS			—			—			—			—			—			—			65,402			2.39			65,402			2.39
Total held-to-maturity			$	2,889		2.76		%	$	163,206		2.72		%	$	240,712		2.84		%	$	7,891,229		3.86		%	$	8,298,036		3.80		%
Total investment securities (2)			$	8,906		2.75		%	$	388,527		3.63		%	$	997,528		3.40		%	$	16,844,452		4.32		%	$	18,239,413		4.25		%

(1)Weighted-average yields exclude FTE adjustments and hedge adjustments, and are calculated on a pre-tax basis using the current yield inclusive of premium amortization and discount accretion for each security, major type, and maturity bucket.

(2)Available-for-sale securities and held-to-maturity securities are presented at amortized cost before any allowance for credit losses.

Additional information regarding the Company’s investment securities’ portfolios can be found within Note 3: Investment Securities in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements.

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Loans and Leases

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and percentage composition of the Company’s loans and leases:

			March 31, 2025									December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)			Amount			%						Amount			%
Commercial non-mortgage			$	18,266,697		34.5		%				$	18,037,942		34.4		%
Asset-based			1,385,042			2.6						1,404,007			2.7
Commercial real estate			14,486,748			27.3						14,492,436			27.6
Multi-family			6,896,396			13.0						6,898,600			13.1
Equipment financing			1,229,087			2.3						1,235,016			2.3
Residential			9,123,000			17.2						8,853,669			16.9
Home equity			1,392,129			2.6						1,427,692			2.7
Other consumer			277,124			0.5						155,806			0.3
Total loans and leases (1)			$	53,056,223		100.0		%				$	52,505,168		100.0		%

(1)The amortized cost balances at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, exclude the ACL recorded on loans and leases of $713.3 million and $689.6 million, respectively.

The following table summarizes loans and leases by contractual maturity, along with the indication of whether interest rates are fixed or variable:

			March 31, 2025
(In thousands)			1 Year or Less			1 - 5 Years			5 - 15 Years			After 15 Years			Total
Fixed rate:
Commercial non-mortgage			$	115,744		$	1,023,612		$	2,560,473		$	1,459,254		$	5,159,083
Asset-based			103,940			441,476			—			—			545,416
Commercial real estate			982,278			1,977,438			665,615			121,647			3,746,978
Multi-family			506,096			3,431,393			801,478			70,404			4,809,371
Equipment financing			107,511			817,203			304,373			—			1,229,087
Residential			2,754			34,193			367,637			5,712,693			6,117,277
Home equity			2,784			20,728			156,595			221,070			401,177
Other consumer			11,316			203,998			31,708			33			247,055
Total fixed rate loans and leases			$	1,832,423		$	7,950,041		$	4,887,879		$	7,585,101		$	22,255,444
Variable rate:
Commercial non-mortgage			$	3,794,768		$	7,673,315		$	1,571,286		$	68,246		$	13,107,615
Asset-based			355,545			484,081			—			—			839,626
Commercial real estate			2,619,225			5,284,169			2,212,430			623,946			10,739,770
Multi-family			431,289			1,026,268			626,295			3,173			2,087,025
Residential			422			7,340			243,455			2,754,506			3,005,723
Home equity			2,110			3,080			97,104			888,657			990,951
Other consumer			5,293			23,094			1,682			—			30,069
Total variable rate loans and leases (1)			$	7,208,652		$	14,501,347		$	4,752,252		$	4,338,528		$	30,800,779
Total loans and leases (2)			$	9,041,075		$	22,451,388		$	9,640,131		$	11,923,629		$	53,056,223

(1)The Company has a back-to-back swap program, whereby it enters into an interest rate swap with qualified customers and simultaneously enters into an equal and opposite interest-rate swap with a swap counterparty, to hedge interest rate risk. At
March 31, 2025, there were 877 customer interest rate swap arrangements with a total notional amount of $7.3 billion to convert floating-rate loan payments to fixed-rate loan payments, and 45 customer interest rate cap arrangements with a total notional amount of $1.5 billion limiting how high interest rates can rise on variable-rate loans in a rising interest rate environment.

(2)Amounts due exclude total accrued interest receivable of $269.3 million.

Portfolio Concentrations

The Company actively monitors and manages concentrations of credit risk pertaining to specific industries, geographies, property types, and other characteristics that may exist in its loan and lease portfolio. At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, commercial non-mortgage, commercial real estate, and multi-family loans comprised 74.7% and 75.1%, respectively, of the Company’s loan and lease portfolio, with a large portion of the borrowers or properties associated with these loans geographically concentrated in New York City and the proximate areas.

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The following table summarizes the percentage composition of commercial non-mortgage loans by industry, as determined using NAICS codes, which are used by the Company to categorize loans based on the borrower’s type of business:

Industry:									March 31, 2025									December 31, 2024
Finance									26.0		%							25.7		%
Public Administration									16.1									15.8
Services									15.7									16.1
Communications									7.6									7.7
Manufacturing									6.6									6.4
Real Estate									5.8									5.0
Retail & Wholesale									4.5									4.6
Healthcare									4.4									4.6
Transportation & Public Utilities									3.3									3.0
Construction									2.3									2.3
Other									7.7									8.8
Total Commercial non-mortgage									100.0		%							100.0		%

As illustrated above, concentrations are generally consistent from period to period. Any change in composition is consistent with the Company’s portfolio growth strategy.

The following tables summarize the percentage composition of commercial real estate and multi-family loans by both geography and property type, and whether the properties are owner occupied or non-owner occupied:

						March 31, 2025												December 31, 2024
Geography:						Owner Occupied			Non-Owner Occupied			Total						Owner Occupied			Non-Owner Occupied			Total
New York City						2.7		%	32.3		%	35.0		%				2.9		%	32.6		%	35.5		%
Other New York Counties						2.6			11.3			13.9						2.6			11.7			14.3
Connecticut						2.4			6.4			8.8						2.4			6.3			8.7
New Jersey						1.1			7.0			8.1						1.6			6.9			8.5
Massachusetts						1.4			4.9			6.3						1.4			4.9			6.3
Southeast						0.9			11.1			12.0						1.0			10.2			11.2
Other						1.4			14.5			15.9						1.4			14.1			15.5
Total Commercial real estate & Multi-family						12.5		%	87.5		%	100.0		%				13.3		%	86.7		%	100.0		%
						March 31, 2025												December 31, 2024
Property Type:						Owner Occupied			Non-Owner Occupied			Total						Owner Occupied			Non-Owner Occupied			Total
Multi-family						0.4		%	35.5		%	35.9		%				0.4		%	34.3		%	34.7		%
Industrial & Warehouse						3.0			15.0			18.0						3.1			14.6			17.7
Retail						0.5			8.2			8.7						0.5			8.1			8.6
Construction						0.1			5.8			5.9						0.1			7.7			7.8
Healthcare & Senior Living						3.4			1.7			5.1						4.3			1.9			6.2
Medical Office						0.1			4.4			4.5						0.1			4.2			4.3
Traditional Office						—			3.7			3.7						—			3.8			3.8
Hotel						—			2.1			2.1						—			2.1			2.1
Other						5.0			11.1			16.1						4.8			10.0			14.8
Total Commercial real estate & Multi-family						12.5		%	87.5		%	100.0		%				13.3		%	86.7		%	100.0		%

The weighted-average LTV ratio for non-owner occupied commercial real estate and multi-family loans at both
March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, was 57%. The Company calculates its LTV ratios primarily using appraisals at origination unless a full appraisal is subsequently required based on deal-specific events.

Given the foundational change in office demand driven by the acceptance of remote work options, the commercial real estate market has continued to experience an increase in office property vacancies. As such, commercial real estate performance across the United States related to the traditional office sector continues to be an area of uncertainty. At March 31, 2025, the outstanding principal balance of traditional office commercial real estate loans was approximately $0.8 billion, which had reserves of $41.7 million established against it. While the Company does anticipate ongoing change in the traditional office sector, management believes that its reserve levels reflect the expected credit losses in the portfolio.

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Credit Policies and Procedures

The Bank has credit policies and procedures in place designed to support its lending activities within an acceptable level of risk, which are reviewed and approved by management and the Board of Directors on a regular basis. To assist with this process, management inspects reports generated by the Company’s loan reporting systems related to loan production, loan quality, concentrations of credit, loan delinquencies, non-performing loans, and potential problem loans.

Commercial non-mortgage, asset-based, and equipment finance loans are underwritten after evaluating and understanding the borrower’s ability to operate and service its debt. Assessment of the borrower’s management is a critical element of the underwriting process and credit decision. Once it has been determined that the borrower’s management possesses sound ethics and a solid business acumen, current and projected cash flows are examined to determine the ability of the borrower to repay obligations, as contracted. Commercial non-mortgage, asset-based, and equipment finance loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower, and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. However, the cash flows of borrowers may not be as expected, and the collateral securing these loans, as applicable, may fluctuate in value. Most commercial non-mortgage, asset-based, and equipment finance loans are secured by the assets being financed and may incorporate personal guarantees of the principal balance.

Commercial real estate loans, including multi-family, are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to those for commercial non-mortgage, asset-based, and equipment finance loans. These loans are primarily viewed as cash flow loans, and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Repayment of commercial real estate loans is largely dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan, the market in which the property is located, and the tenants of the property securing the loan. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral, geography, and risk grade criteria. All transactions are appraised to determine market value. Commercial real estate loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Management periodically utilizes third-party experts to provide insight and guidance about economic conditions and trends affecting its commercial real estate loan portfolio.

The Bank requires a valuation of real estate collateral, which generally includes third-party appraisals, at the time of origination or renewal in accordance with regulatory guidance. On an annual basis, appraisal assumptions and other factors are internally reviewed to determine whether an incremental third-party appraisal is warranted. New appraisals are obtained sooner if a loan becomes adversely classified, substandard, or non-accrual.

Consumer loans are subject to policies and procedures developed to manage the specific risk characteristics of the portfolio. These policies and procedures, coupled with relatively small individual loan amounts and predominately collateralized loan structures, are spread across many different borrowers, minimizing the level of credit risk. Trend and outlook reports are reviewed by management on a regular basis, and policies and procedures are modified or developed, as needed. Underwriting factors for residential mortgage and home equity loans include the borrower’s FICO score, the loan amount relative to property value, and the borrower’s debt-to-income level. The Bank originates both qualified mortgage and non-qualified mortgage loans.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases

The ACL on loans and leases increased $23.7 million, or 3.4%, from $689.6 million at December 31, 2024, to $713.3 million at March 31, 2025, primarily due to additional loan and lease reserves resulting from uncertainty in the current macroeconomic environment and risk rating migration, partially offset by net charge-offs.

The following table summarizes the percentage allocation of the ACL across the loans and leases categories:

			March 31, 2025									December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)			Amount			% (1)						Amount			% (1)
Commercial non-mortgage			$	281,675		39.5		%				$	270,613		39.2		%
Asset-based			31,081			4.4						30,049			4.4
Commercial real estate			249,766			35.0						245,124			35.5
Multi-family			67,389			9.4						70,998			10.3
Equipment financing			19,539			2.7						19,087			2.8
Residential			32,144			4.5						27,354			4.0
Home equity			20,648			2.9						19,625			2.8
Other consumer			11,079			1.6						6,716			1.0
Total ACL on loans and leases			$	713,321		100.0		%				$	689,566		100.0		%

(1)The ACL allocated to a single loan and lease category does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.

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Methodology

The Company’s ACL on loans and leases is considered to be a critical accounting policy. The ACL on loans and leases is a contra-asset account that offsets the amortized cost basis of loans and leases for the credit losses that are expected to occur over the life of the asset. Executive management reviews and advises on the adequacy of the allowance on a quarterly basis, which is maintained at a level that management deems to be sufficient to cover expected losses within the loan and lease portfolios.

The ACL on loans and leases is determined using the CECL model, whereby an expected lifetime credit loss is recognized at the origination or purchase of an asset, including those acquired through a business combination, which is then reassessed at each reporting date over the contractual life of the asset. The calculation of expected credit losses includes consideration of past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. Generally, expected credit losses are determined through a pooled, collective assessment of loans and leases with similar risk characteristics. However, if the risk characteristics of a loan or lease change such that it no longer aligns to that of the collectively assessed pool, it is removed from the population and individually assessed for credit losses. The total ACL on loans and leases recorded by management represents the aggregated estimated credit loss determined through both the collective and individual assessments.

Collectively Assessed Loans and Leases. Collectively assessed loans and leases are segmented based on product type and credit quality, and expected losses are determined using models that follow a PD, LGD, or EAD framework. Under these frameworks, expected credit losses are calculated as the product of the probability of a loan defaulting, expected loss given the occurrence of a default, and the expected exposure of a loan at default. Summing the product across loans over their lives yields the lifetime expected credit losses for a given portfolio. The Company’s PD and LGD calculations are predictive models that measure the current risk profile of the loan pools using forecasts of future macroeconomic conditions, historical loss information, loan-level risk attributes, and credit quality indicators. The calculation of EAD follows an iterative process to determine the expected remaining principal balance of a loan based on historical paydown rates for loans of a similar segment within the same portfolio. The calculation of portfolio exposure in future quarters incorporates expected losses, the loan’s amortization schedule, and prepayment rates.

The Company’s models incorporate a single economic forecast scenario and macroeconomic assumptions over a reasonable
and supportable forecast period. The development of the reasonable and supportable forecast assumes that each portfolio will revert to its long-term loss rate expectation. The reasonable and supportable forecast period is two years after which the reversion period is one year. Models use output reversion and revert to mean historical portfolio loss rates on a straight-line basis in the third year of the forecast.

The Company incorporates forecasts of macroeconomic variables in the determination of expected credit losses. Macroeconomic variables are selected for each class of financing receivable based on relevant factors, such as asset type and the correlation of the variables to credit losses, among others. Data from the forecast scenario of these macroeconomic variables are used as inputs to the modeled loss calculation.

A portion of the collective ACL is comprised of qualitative adjustments for risk characteristics that are not reflected or captured in the quantitative models, but are likely to impact the measurement of estimated credit losses. Qualitative adjustments are based on management’s judgment of the Company, market, industry, or business specific data, and may be applied in relation to economic forecasts when relevant facts and circumstances are expected to impact credit losses, particularly in times of significant volatility in economic activity. Qualitative factors that are generally used in the Company’s models for all loan and lease portfolios include, but are not limited to, nature and volume of portfolio growth, credit quality trends, underwriting exception levels, quality of internal loan review, credit concentrations, and staffing trends. During the first quarter of 2025, the Company incorporated a new economic uncertainty qualitative factor in its models to reflect the estimated impact from proposed tariffs, a heightened risk of recession/inflation, and the general economic uncertainty that has developed, which resulted in an increase to the collective ACL of $19.4 million from December 31, 2024, to March 31, 2025. The qualitative portion of the collective ACL accounted for approximately 40% and 39% of the total ACL on loans and leases at
March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. Excluding the impact from the new economic uncertainty qualitative factor in the first quarter of 2025, the balance of qualitative reserves primarily relates to credit quality trends and credit concentration factors, which remained relatively stable from period to period.

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Individually Assessed Loans and Leases. If the risk characteristics of a loan or lease change such that it no longer matches the risk characteristics of the collectively assessed pool, it is removed from the population and individually assessed for credit losses. Generally, all non-accrual loans and loans with a charge-off are individually assessed. The measurement method used to calculate the expected credit loss on an individually assessed loan or lease is dependent on the type and whether the loan or lease is considered to be collateral dependent. Methods for collateral dependent commercial loans are either based on the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs to sell when the basis of repayment is the sale of collateral, or the present value of the expected cash flows from the operation of the collateral. For non-collateral dependent loans, either a discounted cash flow method or other loss factor method is used. Any individually assessed loan or lease for which no specific allowance is deemed necessary is either the result of sufficient cash flows or sufficient collateral coverage relative to the amortized cost of the asset.

Additional information regarding the Company’s ACL methodology can be found within Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Asset Quality Ratios

The Company manages asset quality using risk tolerance levels established through the Company’s underwriting standards, servicing, and management of its loan and lease portfolio. Loans and leases for which a heightened risk of loss has been identified are regularly monitored to mitigate further deterioration and preserve asset quality in future periods. Non-performing assets, credit losses, and net charge-offs are considered by management to be key measures of asset quality.

The following table summarizes key asset quality ratios and their underlying components:

(Dollars in thousands)			March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
Non-performing loans and leases (1) (2)			$	564,398					$	461,326
Total loans and leases			53,056,223						52,505,168
Non-performing loans and leases as a percentage of total loans and leases			1.06		%				0.88		%
Non-performing loans and leases (1) (2)			$	564,398					$	461,326
Add: OREO and repossessed assets			310						425
Total non-performing assets (1)			$	564,708					$	461,751
Total loans and leases plus OREO and repossessed assets			$	53,056,533					$	52,505,593
Non-performing assets as a percentage of total loans and leases plus OREO    and repossessed assets			1.06		%				0.88		%
Non-performing assets (1)			$	564,708					$	461,751
Total assets			80,279,750						79,025,073
Non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets			0.70		%				0.58		%
ACL on loans and leases			$	713,321					$	689,566
Non-performing loans and leases (1) (2)			564,398						461,326
ACL on loans and leases as a percentage of non-performing loans and leases			126.39		%				149.47		%
ACL on loans and leases			$	713,321					$	689,566
Total loans and leases			53,056,223						52,505,168
ACL on loans and leases as a percentage of total loans and leases			1.34		%				1.31		%
ACL on loans and leases			$	713,321					$	689,566
Net charge-offs (annualized)			219,828						166,914
Ratio of ACL on loans and leases to net charge-offs (annualized)			3.24x						4.13x

(1)Non-performing asset balances and related asset quality ratios exclude the impact of net unamortized (discounts)/premiums and net unamortized deferred (fees)/costs on loans and leases.

(2)The increase from December 31, 2024, to March 31, 2025, is primarily due to non-performing commercial real estate, asset-based, and commercial non-mortgage loans.

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The following table summarizes net charge-offs (recoveries) as a percentage of average loans and leases for each category:

			Three months ended March 31,
			2025												2024
(Dollars in thousands)			Net Charge-offs (Recoveries)			Average Balance			% (1)						Net Charge-offs (Recoveries)			Average Balance			% (1)
Commercial non-mortgage			$	27,383		$	17,954,342		0.61		%				$	31,333		$	16,941,546		0.74		%
Asset-based			9,768			1,409,177			2.77						—			1,523,616			—
Commercial real estate			17,231			14,438,259			0.48						2,112			13,719,196			0.06
Multi-family			175			6,899,888			0.01						1,128			7,684,569			0.06
Equipment financing			67			1,213,254			0.02						3,335			1,293,856			1.03
Residential			(33)			8,985,033			—						(72)			8,225,151			—
Home equity			(285)			1,410,475			(0.08)						(1,206)			1,499,529			(0.32)
Other consumer			651			257,978			1.01						859			50,955			6.74
Total			$	54,957		$	52,568,406		0.42		%				$	37,489		$	50,938,418		0.29		%

(1)Percentage represents annualized net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans and leases within the comparable category.

Net charge-offs increased $17.5 million, or 46.6%, to $55.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to $37.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily due to increases in net charge-offs in the commercial real estate and asset-based lending categories, partially offset by decreases in net charge-offs in the commercial non-mortgage and equipment finance categories.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Company manages its cash flow requirements through proactive liquidity measures at both the Holding Company and the Bank. In order to maintain stable, cost-effective funding, and to promote overall balance sheet strength, the liquidity position of the Company is continuously monitored, and adjustments are made to balance sources and uses of funds, as appropriate. At March 31, 2025, management is not aware of any events that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity position, capital resources, or operating activities.

Cash inflows are provided through a variety of sources, including principal and interest payments on loans and investments, unpledged securities that can be sold or utilized to secure funding, and new deposits. The Company is committed to maintaining a strong base of core deposits, which consists of demand, health savings, interest-bearing checking, money market, and savings accounts, to support growth in its loan portfolios. Management actively monitors the interest rate environment and makes adjustments to its deposit strategy in response to evolving market conditions, funding needs, and client relationship dynamics.

Holding Company Liquidity. The primary source of liquidity at the Holding Company is dividends from the Bank. To a lesser extent, investment income, net proceeds from investment sales, borrowings, and public offerings may provide additional liquidity. The Holding Company generally uses its funds for principal and interest payments on senior notes, subordinated notes, and junior subordinated debt, dividend payments to preferred and common stockholders, repurchases of its common stock, and purchases of debt and equity securities, as applicable.

There are certain restrictions on the Bank’s payment of dividends to the Holding Company, which can be found within
Note 10: Regulatory Capital and Restrictions in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements of this report, and under the section captioned “Supervision and Regulation” in Part I - Item 1. Business of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Bank paid $100.0 million in dividends to the Holding Company. At March 31, 2025, there was $641.4 million of retained earnings available for the payment of dividends by the Bank to the Holding Company. On April 30, 2025, the Bank was approved to pay the Holding Company $200.0 million in dividends for the second quarter of 2025.

The quarterly cash dividend to common stockholders remained at $0.40 per common share for the three months ended
March 31, 2025. On April 30, 2025, it was announced that the Holding Company’s Board of Directors had declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.40 per share on Webster common stock. For the Series F Preferred Stock and Series G Preferred Stock, quarterly cash dividends of $328.125 per share and $16.25 per share, respectively, were declared. The Company continues to monitor economic forecasts, anticipated earnings, and its capital position in the determination of its dividend payments.

The Holding Company maintains a common stock repurchase program, which was approved by the Board of Directors, that permits management to repurchase shares of its common stock in open market or private transactions, through block trades, and pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the SEC, subject to the availability and trading price of stock, general market conditions, alternative uses for capital, regulatory considerations, and the Company’s financial performance. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Holding Company repurchased 3,569,454 shares under the program at a weighted-average price of $50.70 per share, totaling $181.0 million. At March 31, 2025, the Holding Company’s remaining repurchase authority was $47.0 million. On April 30, 2025, the Board of Directors increased management’s authority to repurchase shares of Webster common stock under the repurchase program by $700.0 million.

In addition, the Holding Company will periodically acquire common shares outside of the repurchase program related to employee stock compensation plan activity. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Holding Company repurchased 384,673 shares at a weighted-average price of $56.62 per share, totaling $21.8 million, for this purpose.

Webster Bank Liquidity. The Bank’s primary source of funding is its core deposits. Including time deposits, the Bank had a loan to total deposit ratio of 80.9% and 81.1% at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.

The Bank is required by OCC regulations to maintain a sufficient level of liquidity to ensure safe and sound operations. The adequacy of liquidity, as assessed by the OCC, depends on factors such as overall asset and liability structure, market conditions, competition, and the nature of the institution’s deposit and loan customers. At March 31, 2025, the Bank exceeded all regulatory liquidity requirements. The Company has designed a detailed contingency plan in order to respond to any liquidity concerns in a prompt and comprehensive manner, including early detection of potential problems and corrective action to address liquidity stress scenarios.

Capital Requirements. The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory actions by regulators that could have a direct material effect on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and/or the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action (applies to the Bank only), both the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated pursuant to regulatory directives. Capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

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Quantitative measures established by Basel III to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum ratios of CET1 Risk-Based Capital, Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital, Total Risk-Based Capital, and Tier 1 Leverage Capital, as defined in the regulations.

The following table presents the minimum ratios required as of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024:

						Adequately Capitalized						Well Capitalized
CET1 Risk-Based Capital						4.5		%				6.5		%
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital						6.0						8.0
Total Risk-Based Capital						8.0						10.0
Tier 1 Leverage Capital						4.0						5.0

At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, both the Company and the Bank were classified as “well-capitalized.” Management believes that no events or changes have occurred subsequent to quarter-end and through the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that would change this designation.

The Company’s and the Bank’s capital ratios, which exceeded minimum regulatory requirements, were as follows:

						March 31, 2025 (1)												December 31, 2024 (1)
(In thousands)						Capital/Assets						Ratio						Capital/Assets						Ratio
Webster Financial Corporation
CET1 Risk-Based Capital						$	6,276,086					11.25		%				$	6,318,876					11.54		%
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital						6,560,065						11.76						6,602,855						12.06		%
Total Risk-Based Capital						7,788,501						13.96						7,800,717						14.24		%
Tier 1 Leverage Capital						6,560,065						8.54						6,602,855						8.70		%
Risk-weighted assets						55,786,052												54,767,609
Webster Bank
CET1 Risk-Based Capital						$	6,988,372					12.56		%				$	6,847,474					12.53		%
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital						6,988,372						12.56						6,847,474						12.53		%
Total Risk-Based Capital						7,684,411						13.81						7,512,143						13.74		%
Tier 1 Leverage Capital						6,988,372						9.11						6,847,474						9.04		%
Risk-weighted assets						55,661,677												54,667,360

(1)In accordance with regulatory capital rules, the Company elected to delay the estimated impact of the adoption of CECL on its regulatory capital over a two-year deferral period, which ended on January 1, 2022, and a subsequent three-year transition period, which ended on December 31, 2024. During the three-year transition period, regulatory capital ratios phased out the aggregate amount of the regulatory capital benefit provided from the delayed CECL adoption in the initial two years. For 2024, the Company was allowed 25% of the regulatory capital benefit as of December 31, 2021. Full absorption occurred in 2025.

Additional information regarding the required regulatory capital levels and ratios applicable to the Company and the Bank can be found within Note 10: Regulatory Capital and Restrictions in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements.

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Sources and Uses of Funds

Sources of Funds. Deposits are the primary source of cash flows for the Bank’s lending activities and general operational needs. Loan and securities repayments, proceeds from sales of loans and securities held for sale, and maturities also provide cash flows. While scheduled loan and securities repayments are a relatively stable source of funds, prepayments and other deposit inflows are influenced by economic conditions and prevailing interest rates, the timing of which are inherently uncertain. Additional sources of funds are provided by both short-term and long-term borrowings, and to a lesser extent, dividends received as part of the Bank’s membership with the FHLB and FRB.

Deposits. The Bank offers a wide variety of checking and savings deposit products designed to meet the transactional and investment needs of its consumer and business customers. The Bank’s deposit services include, but are not limited to, ATM and debit card use, direct deposit, ACH payments, mobile banking, internet-based banking, banking by mail, account transfers, and overdraft protection, among others. The Bank manages the flow of funds in its deposit accounts and interest rates consistent with FDIC regulations. The Bank’s Consumer and Digital Pricing Committee and its Commercial and Institutional Liability and Loan Pricing Committee both meet regularly to determine pricing and marketing initiatives. In addition, the Bank may use brokered certificates of deposit as a funding source, which are managed based on established limits set by the ALCO.

Total deposits were $65.6 billion and $64.8 billion at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. The
$0.8 billion net increase in total deposits was primarily due to an increase in money market deposits, particularly from interLINK, and growth in savings and health savings accounts, partially offset by decreases in brokered certificates of deposit and non-interest-bearing demand.

The following table summarizes daily average balances of deposits by type and the weighted-average rates paid thereon:

			Three months ended March 31,
			2025									2024
(Dollars in thousands)			Average Balance			Average Rate						Average Balance			Average Rate
Non-interest-bearing:
Demand			$	10,280,570		—		%				$	10,582,416		—		%
Interest-bearing:
Checking			9,709,820			1.71						9,255,252			1.80
Health savings accounts			9,307,517			0.16						8,605,640			0.15
Money market			21,114,901			3.52						18,102,661			4.15
Savings			7,104,607			1.61						6,697,772			1.29
Certificates of deposit			6,047,194			3.68						5,779,350			4.35
Brokered certificates of deposit			1,402,350			4.55						1,542,275			5.38
Total interest-bearing			54,686,389			2.39						49,982,950			2.70
Total average deposits			$	64,966,959		2.04		%				$	60,565,366		2.23		%

Uninsured deposits represent the portion of deposit accounts in U.S. offices that exceed the FDIC insurance limit or similar state deposit insurance regime, and amounts in any other uninsured investment or deposit accounts that are classified as deposits and not subject to any federal or state deposit insurance regimes. The Company calculates its uninsured deposit balances based on the methodologies and assumptions used for regulatory reporting requirements, which includes an estimated portion and affiliate deposits. At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, total uninsured deposits as per regulatory reporting requirements and reported on Schedule RC-O of the Bank’s Call Report were $22.1 billion and $22.6 billion, respectively.

The following table summarizes uninsured deposits information at March 31, 2025, after certain exclusions:

(In thousands)			March 31, 2025
Uninsured deposits, per regulatory reporting requirements			$	22,063,643
Less: Affiliate deposits			(3,501,290)
Collateralized deposits			(4,958,647)
Uninsured deposits, after exclusions			$	13,603,706
Immediately available liquidity (1)			$	25,391,266
Uninsured deposits coverage			186.6%

(1)Reflects $7.9 billion and $15.5 billion of additional borrowing capacity from the FHLB and the FRB, respectively, and $2.0 billion of interest-bearing deposits held at FRB.

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Uninsured deposits, after adjusting for affiliate deposits and collateralized deposits, represented 20.7% of total deposits at March 31, 2025. Management believes that this presentation provides a more accurate view of deposits at risk given that affiliate deposits are not customer-facing, and therefore are eliminated upon consolidation, and collateralized deposits are secured by other means. As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company’s uninsured deposits as a percentage of total deposits, adjusted for affiliate deposits and collateralized deposits, is consistent with the percentage reported at March 31, 2025.

The following table summarizes the portion of U.S. time deposits in excess of the FDIC insurance limit and time deposits otherwise uninsured by contractual maturity:

(In thousands)			March 31, 2025
Portion of U.S. time deposits in excess of insurance limit			$	1,411,038
Time deposits otherwise uninsured with a maturity of:
3 months or less			$	702,880
Over 3 months through 6 months			275,391
Over 6 months through 12 months			428,417
Over 12 months			4,350

Additional information regarding period-end deposit balances and rates can be found within Note 6: Deposits in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements.

Borrowings. The Bank’s primary borrowing sources include securities sold under agreements to repurchase, federal funds purchased, FHLB advances, and long-term debt. Total borrowings were $3.9 billion and $3.4 billion at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively, and represented 4.9% and 4.3% of total assets, respectively. The $0.5 billion net increase is primarily due to an increase of $0.8 billion in FHLB advances, partially offset by a decrease of $0.3 billion in securities sold under agreements to repurchase.

Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are generally a form of short-term funding for the Bank in which it sells securities to counterparties with an agreement to buy them back in the future at a fixed price. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase totaled $83.4 million and $344.2 million at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. The $260.8 million decrease is primarily due to a change in short-term funding mix.

The Bank may also purchase term and overnight federal funds to meet its short-term liquidity needs. There were no federal funds purchased at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

FHLB advances are not only utilized as a source of funding, but also for interest rate risk management purposes. FHLB advances totaled $2.9 billion and $2.1 billion at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. The $0.8 billion increase is primarily due to a change in short-term funding mix.

Long-term debt consists of senior notes maturing in 2029, subordinated notes maturing in 2029 and 2030, and junior subordinated notes maturing in 2033. Long-term debt remained flat at $0.9 billion at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.

The Bank had additional borrowing capacity from the FHLB of $7.9 billion and $8.7 billion at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Bank also had additional borrowing capacity from the FRB of $15.5 billion and $13.3 billion at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. Unencumbered investment securities of $0.9 billion at March 31, 2025 could have been used for collateral on borrowings or to increase borrowing capacity by either $0.6 billion with the FHLB or $0.7 billion with the FRB.

The following table summarizes daily average balances of borrowings by type and the weighted-average rates paid thereon:

			Three months ended March 31,
			2025									2024
(Dollars in thousands)			Average Balance			Average Rate						Average Balance			Average Rate
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase			$	244,560		2.74		%				$	130,653		0.52		%
Federal funds purchased			—			—						140,165			5.47
FHLB advances			2,112,301			4.47						2,689,632			5.50
Long-term debt (1)			886,235			4.35						953,508			3.64
Total average borrowings			$	3,243,096		4.31		%				$	3,913,958		4.88		%

(1)The average balance of long-term debt for the three months ended March 31, 2024, has been recast in connection with a change in presentation effective as of December 31, 2024. Additional information regarding this change in presentation can be found under the section captioned “Net Interest Income Analysis” contained elsewhere in this Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Additional information regarding period-end borrowings balances and rates can be found within Note 7: Borrowings in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements.

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Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Stock. The Bank is a member of the FHLB System, which consists of 11 district FHLBs, each of which is subject to the supervision and regulation of the Federal Housing Finance Agency. An activity-based capital stock investment in the FHLB is required in order for the Bank to maintain its membership and access advances and other extensions of credit for sources of funds and liquidity purposes. The FHLB capital stock investment is restricted as there is no market for it, and it can only be redeemed by the FHLB. The Bank held FHLB capital stock of $120.7 million and $91.7 million at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Bank received $1.4 million in dividends from the FHLB. The most recent FHLB quarterly cash dividend was paid on
May 2, 2025, in an amount equal to an annual yield of 7.39%.

The Bank is also required to hold FRB stock equal to 6% of its capital and surplus, of which 50% is paid. The remaining 50% is subject to call when deemed necessary by the Federal Reserve System. Similar to FHLB stock, the FRB capital stock investment is restricted as there is no market for it, and it can only be redeemed by the FRB. The Bank held FRB capital stock of $230.0 million and $229.6 million at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. The Bank did not receive any dividends from the FRB during the three months ended March 31, 2025. The most recent FRB semi-annual cash dividend was paid on December 31, 2024, in an amount equal to an annual yield of 4.24%.

Uses of Funds. The Company enters into various contractual obligations in the normal course of business that require future cash payments and that could impact its short-term and long-term liquidity and capital resource needs. The following table summarizes significant fixed and determinable contractual obligations at March 31, 2025. The actual timing and amounts of future cash payments may differ from the amounts presented. Based on the Company’s current liquidity position, it is expected that our sources of funds will be sufficient to fulfill these obligations when they come due.

			Payments Due by Period (1)
(In thousands)			2025			2026			2027			2028			2029			Thereafter			Total
Senior notes			$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	300,000		$	—		$	300,000
Subordinated notes			—			—			—			—			274,000			225,000			499,000
Junior subordinated debt			—			—			—			—			—			77,320			77,320
FHLB advances			2,900,000			—			214			211			636			8,950			2,910,011
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase			83,395			—			—			—			—			—			83,395
Time deposits			6,765,026			670,820			37,100			18,951			18,312			12,183			7,522,392
Operating lease liabilities			26,320			38,283			34,206			31,811			27,686			86,380			244,686
Contingent consideration (2)			12,707			—			—			—			—			—			12,707
Royalty liabilities			750			1,000			1,000			1,000			1,000			4,750			9,500
Purchase obligations (3)			103,240			70,601			41,720			23,236			19,890			10,522			269,209
Total contractual obligations			$	9,891,438		$	780,704		$	114,240		$	75,209		$	641,524		$	425,105		$	11,928,220

(1)Interest payments on borrowings have been excluded.

(2)The Company settled $12.5 million of its total contingent consideration obligation in April 2025. Additional information regarding the nature of the Company’s contingent consideration arrangements can be found within Note 14: Fair Value Measurements.

(3)Purchase obligations represent agreements to purchase goods or services of $1.0 million or more that are enforceable and legally binding and specify all significant terms.

In addition, in the normal course of business, the Company offers financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit and commercial and standby letters of credit, which involve, to a varying degree, elements of credit risk. Since many of these commitments are expected to expire unused or be only partially funded, the total commitment amount of $12.6 billion at March 31, 2025, does not necessarily reflect future cash payments.

The Company also enters into commitments to invest in venture capital and private equity funds and tax credit structures to assist the Bank in meeting its responsibilities under the CRA. The total unfunded commitment for these alternative investments was $861.6 million at March 31, 2025. However, the timing of capital calls cannot be reasonably estimated, and depending on the nature of the contract, the entirety of the capital committed by the Company may not be called.

Pension obligations are funded by the Company, as needed, to provide for participant benefit payments as it relates to the Company’s frozen, non-contributory, qualified defined benefit pension plan. Decisions to contribute to the defined benefit pension plan are made based upon pension funding requirements under the Pension Protection Act, the maximum amount deductible under the Internal Revenue Code, the actual performance of plan assets, and trends in the regulatory environment. The Company does not currently anticipate that it will be required to contribute to the defined benefit pension plan in 2025. The Company’s non-qualified supplemental executive retirement plans and other post-employment benefit plans are unfunded.

At March 31, 2025, the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet reflects a liability for uncertain tax positions of $16.7 million and $9.5 million of accrued interest and penalties, respectively. The ultimate timing and amount of any related future cash settlements cannot be predicted with reasonable certainty.

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On November 29, 2023, the FDIC published a final rule implementing a special assessment for certain banks to recover losses incurred by protecting uninsured depositors of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank upon their failure in March 2023. At March 31, 2025, the Company’s remaining accrual for its estimated special assessment charge was $33.9 million, which is anticipated to be collected over a remainder of six quarterly assessment periods. The FDIC retains the right to cease collection early, extend the special assessment collection period, and impose shortfall special assessments if actual losses exceed the amounts collected. The Company continues to monitor the estimated loss attributable to the protection of uninsured depositors at Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank, which could impact the amount of its accrued liability.

In connection with the completion of a multi-family securitization during the third quarter of 2024, the Company assumed an obligation to reimburse, or guarantee, losses incurred by the multi-family securitization trusts of up to 12% of the aggregate UPB of the loans at the time of sale. Essentially, this obligation represents a first credit loss enhancement provided by the Company. Based on the credit quality of the multi-family loans, among other factors, the Company estimated the amount of its reimbursement obligation to be $3.3 million at March 31, 2025. The Company has not yet been required to make any guarantee payments to Freddie Mac. However, in the event that value of the assets in the multi-family securitization trusts significantly declined, the Company’s maximum exposure to loss could be $36.4 million.

Additional information regarding credit-related financial instruments and the FDIC special assessment and alternative investments can be found within Note 17: Commitments and Contingencies and Note 11: Variable Interest Entities, respectively, in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements of this report. Additional information regarding defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans, income taxes, and the multifamily securitization can be found within Note 19: Retirement Benefit Plans, Note 9: Income Taxes, and Note 5: Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets, respectively, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Asset/Liability Management and Market Risk

The Company’s ALCO uses four main tools to manage interest rate risk: (i) the size, duration, and credit risk of the investment portfolio; (ii) the size and duration of the wholesale funding portfolio; (iii) interest rate contracts; and (iv) the pricing and structure of loans and deposits. Interest rate risk is measured using simulation analysis and asset/liability modeling software to calculate the Company’s earnings at risk and equity at risk. Earnings at risk is defined as the change in net interest income due to change in interest rates. Equity at risk is defined as the change in the net economic value of financial assets, financial liabilities, and off-balance sheet financial instruments, due to changes in interest rates compared to a base net economic value.

Information regarding the key model assumptions and methods used to calculate the Company’s earnings at risk and equity at risk, along with other information regarding the Company’s asset/liability management process overall, can be found under the section captioned “Asset/Liability Management and Market Risk” contained in Part II - Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. There were no changes to management's asset/liability management process during the three months ended March 31, 2025, that had a material impact on its measurement of interest rate risk.

The following table summarizes the estimated impact that gradual parallel changes in interest rates of up and down 100, 200, and 300 basis points might have on the Company’s net interest income over a twelve-month period starting at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, as compared to actual net interest income and assuming no changes in interest rates:

			-300bp			-200bp			-100bp			+100bp			+200bp			+300bp
March 31, 2025			(2.8)%			(1.4)%			(0.5)%			0.8%			1.4%			1.8%
December 31, 2024			(1.6)%			(0.6)%			—%			0.4%			0.6%			0.8%

Asset sensitivity in terms of net interest income increased from December 31, 2024, to March 31, 2025, primarily due to changes in the overall balance sheet composition, which included an increase in cash and cash equivalents and floating-rate commercial & institutional loans, partially offset by an increase in residential mortgages.

The following table summarizes the estimated impact that yield curve twists or immediate non-parallel changes in interest rates of up and down 50 and 100 basis points might have on the Company’s net interest income over a twelve-month period starting at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024:

			Short End of the Yield Curve															Long End of the Yield Curve
			-100bp			-50bp			+50bp			+100bp						-100bp			-50bp			+50bp			+100bp
March 31, 2025			1.3%			0.6%			(0.2)%			(0.7)%						(2.2)%			(1.1)%			1.0%			2.0%
December 31, 2024			2.1%			1.0%			(0.7)%			(1.6)%						(2.2)%			(1.0)%			1.0%			1.9%

Sensitivity to the short end of the yield curve for net interest income decreased from December 31, 2024, to March 31, 2025, also primarily due to changes in the overall balance sheet composition. Sensitivity to the long end of the yield curve generally remained unchanged from December 31, 2024, to March 31, 2025.

The following table summarizes the estimated economic value of financial assets, financial liabilities, and off-balance sheet financial instruments and the corresponding estimated change in economic value if interest rates were to instantaneously increase or decrease by 100 basis points at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024:

(Dollars in thousands)						Estimated Economic Value			Estimated Economic Value Change
			-100bp			+100bp
March 31, 2025
Assets						$	75,440,857		$	2,146,957		$	(2,291,204)
Liabilities						63,452,563			2,052,205			(1,852,433)
Net						$	11,988,294		$	94,752		$	(438,771)
Net change as % base net economic value									0.8		%	(3.7)		%
December 31, 2024
Assets						$	73,921,262		$	2,180,555		$	(2,223,719)
Liabilities						60,952,551			2,089,770			(1,813,843)
Net						$	12,968,711		$	90,785		$	(409,876)
Net change as % base net economic value									0.7		%	(3.2)		%

Changes in economic value can best be described through duration, which is a measure of the price sensitivity of financial assets and financial liabilities due to changes in interest rates. Overall, the longer the duration, the greater the price sensitivity due to changes in interest rates.

Duration gap represents the difference between the duration of financial assets and financial liabilities. A duration gap at or near zero would imply that the balance sheet is matched and, therefore, would exhibit no change in estimated economic value for changes in interest rates. At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the Company’s duration gap was 0.0 years.

These earnings and net economic value estimates are subject to factors that could cause actual results to differ, and also assume that management does not take any additional action to mitigate any positive or negative effects from changing interest rates. Management believes that the Company’s interest rate risk position at March 31, 2025, represents a reasonable level of risk given the current interest rate outlook. Management continues to monitor interest rates and other relevant factors given recent market volatility and is prepared to take additional action, as necessary.

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Critical Accounting Estimates

The preparation of the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and accompanying notes thereto, in accordance with GAAP and practices generally applicable to the financial services industry, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. While management’s estimates are made based on historical experience, current available information, and other factors that are deemed to be relevant, actual results could significantly differ from those estimates.

Accounting estimates are necessary in the application of certain accounting policies and can be susceptible to significant change in the near term. Critical accounting estimates are those estimates made in accordance with GAAP that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had, or are reasonably likely to have, a material impact on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations. Management has identified that the Company’s most critical accounting estimates are those related to the ACL on loans and leases and business combinations accounting policies. These accounting policies and their underlying estimates are discussed directly with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases

The ACL on loans and leases is a reserve established through a provision for credit losses charged to expense, which represents management’s best estimate of expected lifetime credit losses within the Company’s loan and lease portfolios at the balance sheet date. The calculation of expected credit losses is determined using predictive methods and models that follow a PD, LGD, EAD, or loss rate framework and include consideration of past events, current conditions, macroeconomic variables (i.e., unemployment, gross domestic product, property values, and interest rate spreads), and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. Changes to the ACL on loans and leases and, therefore, to the related provision for credit losses, can materially affect financial results.

The determination of the appropriate level of ACL on loans and leases inherently involves a high degree of subjectivity and requires the Company to make significant estimates of current credit risks and trends using existing qualitative and quantitative information, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, all of which may undergo frequent and material changes. Changes in economic conditions affecting borrowers and macroeconomic variables that the Company is more susceptible to, unforeseen events such as natural disasters and pandemics, along with new information regarding existing loans, identification of additional problem loans, the fair value of underlying collateral, and other factors, both within and outside the Company’s control, may indicate the need for an increase or decrease in the ACL on loans and leases.

It is difficult to estimate the sensitivity of how potential changes in any one economic factor or input might affect the overall reserve because a wide variety of factors and inputs are considered in estimating the ACL and changes in those factors and inputs considered may not occur at the same rate and may not be consistent across all product types. Further, changes in factors and inputs may also be directionally inconsistent, such that improvement in one factor may offset deterioration in others.

Executive management reviews and advises on the adequacy of the ACL on loans and leases on a quarterly basis. Although the overall balance is determined based on specific portfolio segments and individually assessed assets, the entire balance is available to absorb credit losses for any of the loan and lease portfolios.

Additional information regarding the determination of the ACL on loans and leases, including the Company’s valuation methodology, can be found under the section captioned “Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases” contained elsewhere in this Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and within Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in
Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Business Combinations

The acquisition method of accounting generally requires that the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations are recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date. The determination of fair value often involves the use of internal or third-party valuation techniques, such as discounted cash flow analyses. Particularly, the valuation techniques used to estimate the fair value of the core deposit intangible asset acquired in the Ametros acquisition included estimates related to discount rates, client attrition rates, an alternative cost of funds, and other relevant factors, which are inherently subjective. A description of the valuation methodologies used to estimate the fair values of the significant assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Ametros acquisition can be found within Note 2: Business Developments in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements.

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ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

WEBSTER FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

			March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
(In thousands, except share and par value data)			(Unaudited)
Assets:
Cash and due from banks			$	421,124					$	388,060
Interest-bearing deposits			2,091,152						1,686,374
Investment securities available-for-sale, at fair value (1)			9,360,097						9,006,600
Investment securities held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses of $109 and $171 (2)			8,297,927						8,444,191
Loans held for sale (3)			63,849						27,634
Loans and leases			53,056,223						52,505,168
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases			(713,321)						(689,566)
Loans and leases, net			52,342,902						51,815,602
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock			350,702						321,343
Deferred tax assets, net			249,395						316,856
Premises and equipment, net			422,425						406,963
Goodwill			2,868,068						2,868,068
Other intangible assets, net			325,064						334,301
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies			1,255,074						1,251,622
Accrued interest receivable and other assets			2,231,971						2,157,459
Total assets			$	80,279,750					$	79,025,073
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity:
Deposits:
Non-interest-bearing			$	10,139,131					$	10,316,501
Interest-bearing			55,436,098						54,436,579
Total deposits			65,575,229						64,753,080
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased			83,395						344,168
Federal Home Loan Bank advances			2,910,011						2,110,108
Long-term debt			907,410						909,185
Accrued expenses and other liabilities			1,599,551						1,775,318
Total liabilities			71,075,596						69,891,859
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: Authorized—3,000,000 shares;
Series F issued and outstanding—6,000 shares			145,037						145,037
Series G issued and outstanding—135,000 shares			138,942						138,942
Common stock, $0.01 par value: Authorized—400,000,000 shares;
Issued—182,778,045 shares; Outstanding—168,594,276 and 171,391,125 shares			1,828						1,828
Paid-in capital			6,140,885						6,181,475
Retained earnings			3,913,169						3,759,158
Treasury stock, at cost—14,183,769 and 11,386,920 shares			(686,306)						(536,843)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss), net of tax			(449,401)						(556,383)
Total stockholders’ equity			9,204,154						9,133,214
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity			$	80,279,750					$	79,025,073

(1)Investment securities available-for-sale had an amortized cost basis of $9,941,377 at March 31, 2025, and $9,720,415 at December 31, 2024.

(2)Investment securities held-to-maturity had a fair value of $7,404,724 at March 31, 2025, and $7,453,123 and at December 31, 2024.

(3)Total loans held for sale includes residential mortgage loans valued under the fair value option of $688 at March 31, 2025, and $297 at December 31, 2024.

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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WEBSTER FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Unaudited)

			Three months ended
			March 31,
(In thousands, except per share data)			2025						2024
Interest Income:
Interest and fees on loans and leases			$	755,117					$	792,045
Taxable interest on investment securities			187,115						135,071
Non-taxable interest on investment securities			7,354						12,514
Loans held for sale			15						82
Other interest and dividends			23,886						12,138
Total interest income			973,487						951,850
Interest Expense:
Deposits			326,383						335,971
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased			1,676						2,108
Federal Home Loan Bank advances			23,589						37,367
Long-term debt			9,647						8,665
Total interest expense			361,295						384,111
Net interest income			612,192						567,739
Provision for credit losses			77,500						45,500
Net interest income after provision for credit losses			534,692						522,239
Non-interest Income:
Deposit service fees			38,895						42,589
Loan and lease related fees			17,621						19,767
Wealth and investment services			7,789						7,924
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies			7,992						5,946
Gain (loss) on sale of investment securities, net			220						(9,826)
Other income			20,089						32,953
Total non-interest income			92,606						99,353
Non-interest Expense:
Compensation and benefits			198,645						188,540
Occupancy			19,717						19,439
Technology and equipment			47,719						45,836
Intangible assets amortization			9,237						9,194
Marketing			4,027						4,281
Professional and outside services			17,226						12,981
Deposit insurance			16,345						24,223
Other expense			30,728						31,429
Total non-interest expense			343,644						335,923
Income before income taxes			283,654						285,669
Income tax expense			56,737						69,346
Net income			226,917						216,323
Preferred stock dividends			4,163						4,163
Income allocated to participating securities			2,387						2,101
Net income applicable to common stockholders			$	220,367					$	210,059
Earnings per common share:
Basic			$	1.30					$	1.23
Diluted			1.30						1.23

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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WEBSTER FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited)

			Three months ended
			March 31,
(In thousands)			2025						2024
Net income			$	226,917					$	216,323
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Investment securities available-for-sale			96,581						(36,271)
Derivative financial instruments			10,124						(29,989)
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans			277						730
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax			106,982						(65,530)
Comprehensive income			$	333,899					$	150,793

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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WEBSTER FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)

			Three months ended March 31, 2025
(In thousands, except per share data)			Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock, at cost			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss), Net of Tax			Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2024			$	283,979		$	1,828		$	6,181,475		$	3,759,158		$	(536,843)		$	(556,383)		$	9,133,214
Net income			—			—			—			226,917			—			—			226,917
Other comprehensive income, net of tax			—			—			—			—			—			106,982			106,982
Common stock dividends and equivalents—$0.40 per share			—			—			—			(68,743)			—			—			(68,743)
Series F preferred stock dividends—$328.125 per share			—			—			—			(1,969)			—			—			(1,969)
Series G preferred stock dividends—$16.25 per share			—			—			—			(2,194)			—			—			(2,194)
Stock-based compensation			—			—			(40,590)			—			54,601			—			14,011
Common shares acquired from stock compensation plan activity			—			—			—			—			(21,782)			—			(21,782)
Common stock repurchase program			—			—			—			—			(182,282)			—			(182,282)
Balance at March 31, 2025			$	283,979		$	1,828		$	6,140,885		$	3,913,169		$	(686,306)		$	(449,401)		$	9,204,154
			Three months ended March 31, 2024
(In thousands, except per share data)			Preferred Stock			Common Stock			Paid-In Capital			Retained Earnings			Treasury Stock, at cost			Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss), Net of Tax			Total Stockholders’ Equity
Balance at December 31, 2023			$	283,979		$	1,828		$	6,179,753		$	3,282,530		$	(507,523)		$	(550,571)		$	8,689,996
Net income			—			—			—			216,323			—			—			216,323
Other comprehensive (loss), net of tax			—			—			—			—			—			(65,530)			(65,530)
Common stock dividends and equivalents—$0.40 per share			—			—			—			(68,989)			—			—			(68,989)
Series F preferred stock dividends—$328.125 per share			—			—			—			(1,969)			—			—			(1,969)
Series G preferred stock dividends—$16.25 per share			—			—			—			(2,194)			—			—			(2,194)
Stock-based compensation			—			—			(40,818)			—			54,578			—			13,760
Common shares acquired from stock compensation plan activity			—			—			—			—			(13,496)			—			(13,496)
Common stock repurchase program			—			—			—			—			(20,403)			—			(20,403)
Balance at March 31, 2024			$	283,979		$	1,828		$	6,138,935		$	3,425,701		$	(486,844)		$	(616,101)		$	8,747,498

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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WEBSTER FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)

			Three months ended March 31,
(In thousands)			2025						2024
Operating Activities:
Net income			$	226,917					$	216,323
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses			77,500						45,500
Deferred income tax expense			27,636						16,470
Stock-based compensation			14,011						13,760
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and intangible assets			18,239						19,027
Net (accretion) amortization of interest-earning assets and borrowings			(41,132)						(11,893)
Amortization of low-income housing tax credit investments			32,061						20,413
Reduction of ROU lease assets			7,614						7,475
Net (gain) loss on sale of investment securities			(220)						9,826
Originations of loans held for sale			(3,105)						(3,317)
Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale			2,741						4,713
Net (gain) on sale of mortgage servicing rights			—						(11,655)
(Increase) in cash surrender value of life insurance policies			(7,992)						(5,946)
(Gain) from life insurance policies			(821)						(6,888)
(Gain) on sale of alternative investments			(3,291)						—
Other operating activities, net			(499)						(4,257)
Net (increase) decrease in derivative contract assets and liabilities			(84,526)						56,534
Net (increase) decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets			(14,062)						296,416
Net (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities			(156,181)						(418,820)
Net cash provided by operating activities			94,890						243,681
Investing Activities:
Purchases of available-for-sale securities			(552,655)						(244,434)
Proceeds from principal payments, maturities, and calls of available-for-sale securities			331,818						205,507
Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale securities			14,880						331,690
Purchases of held-to-maturity securities			—						(677,961)
Proceeds from principal payments, maturities, and calls of held-to-maturity securities			162,036						80,360
Net (increase) in Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock			(29,359)						(54,569)
Alternative investments (capital calls), net of returns of capital			(56,677)						(4,192)
Proceeds from sales of alternative investments			4,970						—
Net (increase) in loans			(653,556)						(692,991)
Proceeds from sale of loans not originated for sale			38,877						49,440
Proceeds from sale of mortgage servicing rights			—						18,310
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed properties and repossessed assets			181						790
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment			1,428						1,042
Purchases of property and equipment			(8,311)						(5,057)
Proceeds from life insurance policies			8,004						3,977
Net cash paid for acquisition of Ametros			—						(359,460)
Net cash (used for) investing activities			(738,364)						(1,347,548)
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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WEBSTER FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited), continued
			Three months ended March 31,
(In thousands)			2025						2024
Financing Activities:
Net increase (decrease) in deposits			817,663						(26,850)
Net increase in Federal Home Loan Bank advances			799,903						1,299,912
Net (decrease) in securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased			(260,773)						(96,501)
Repayment of long-term debt			—						(132,550)
Payment of contingent consideration			—						(4,050)
Dividends paid to common stockholders			(68,545)						(68,599)
Dividends paid to preferred stockholders			(4,163)						(4,163)
Common stock repurchase program			(180,987)						(20,403)
Common shares acquired related to stock compensation plan activity			(21,782)						(13,496)
Net cash provided by financing activities			1,081,316						933,300
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents			437,842						(170,567)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period			2,074,434						1,715,795
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period			$	2,512,276					$	1,545,228

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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WEBSTER FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Note 1: Basis of Presentation and Accounting Standards Updates

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements have been omitted or condensed. Therefore, the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company’s financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to 2024, are not necessarily indicative of the future results that may be attained for the entire year or other interim periods.

In the opinion of management, all necessary adjustments have been reflected to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the reporting periods presented. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Assets under administration or assets under management that the Company holds or manages in a fiduciary or agency capacity for customers are not included in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Certain prior period amounts disclosed in Note 9: Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss), Net of Tax have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications did not have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

The following table summarizes supplemental disclosures of cash flow information and non-cash investing and financing activities:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In thousands)			2025						2024
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid			$	393,822					$	416,290
Income taxes paid			3,790						11,240
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Transfer of loans held for investment to foreclosed properties and repossessed assets			$	310					$	742
Transfer of returned finance lease equipment to assets held for sale			727						1,524
Transfer of loans held for investment to loans held for sale			59,948						284,806
Deposit overdrafts reclassified as loan balances			4,486						12,251
ROU lease assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities			24,261						4,143
Approved commitments to fund LIHTC investments			70,753						158,654
Acquisition of Ametros:
Tangible assets acquired			$	—					$	256,957
Goodwill and other intangible assets			—						417,085
Liabilities assumed (1)			—						299,507
Forgiveness of long-term debt			—						12,875
Pre-existing equity interest			—						2,200

(1)Reflects the sum of the $293.7 million of liabilities assumed from Ametros and the $5.8 million liability assumed for the Seller’s transaction expenses, which was included as part of the purchase price consideration and paid by the Company at closing.

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Relevant Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted

ASU No. 2023-09—Income Taxes (Topic 740)—Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09—Income Taxes (Topic 740)—Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, to provide more transparency about income tax information through improvements to income tax disclosures, primarily related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid information. Specifically, the amendments in this Update require disclosure of: (i) a tabular reconciliation, using both percentages and reporting currency amounts, with prescribed categories that are required to be disclosed, and the separate disclosure and disaggregation of prescribed reconciling items with an effect equal to 5% or more of the amount determined by multiplying pre-tax income from continuing operations by the application statutory rate; (ii) a qualitative description of the states and local jurisdictions that make up the majority (greater than 50%) of the effect of the state and local income taxes; and (iii) the amount of income taxes paid, net of refunds received, disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes and by individual jurisdictions that comprise 5% or more of total income taxes paid, net of refunds received. The amendments in this Update also include certain other amendments to improve the effectiveness of income tax disclosures.

The Update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, with early adoption permitted. The amendments should be applied on a prospective basis; however, retrospective application is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance, which it will adopt in the fourth quarter of 2025, to determine the impact on its income tax disclosures.

ASU No. 2024-03—Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures
(Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires entities to disclose specified information about certain costs and expenses in the notes to financial statements at each interim and annual reporting period, including the amounts of: (a) purchases of inventory, (b) employee compensation, (c) depreciation, (d) intangible asset amortization, and (e) depletion included in each relevant expense caption. For the employee compensation category, bank holding companies may continue to present compensation expense on the face of the income statement in accordance with Regulation S-X Rule 210.9-04. A qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively are also required to be disclosed. In addition, entities must disclose the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, their definition of selling expenses.

The Update is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The amendments may be applied on either a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company is currently evaluating this guidance to determine the impact on its non-interest expense disclosures; however, the impact is not expected to be material.

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Note 2: Business Developments

Ametros Acquisition

On January 24, 2024, the Bank acquired all of the equity interest in Ametros from Long Ridge Capital Management (the “Seller”). Ametros is a custodian and administrator of medical funds from insurance claim settlements that helps individuals manage their ongoing medical care through its CareGuard service and proprietary technology platform. The acquisition provided the Bank with a fast-growing source of low-cost and long-duration deposits, new sources of non-interest income, and enhanced its employee benefit and healthcare financial services expertise.

The acquisition was accounted for as a business combination. Accordingly, the total purchase price, which included cash paid of $359.7 million, the forgiveness of $12.9 million in long-term debt, and the assumption of a $5.8 million liability for the Seller’s transaction expenses, has been allocated to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their acquisition-date fair values, as summarized in the following table:

(In thousands)			Fair Value
Purchase price consideration			$	378,424
Assets:
Cash and due from banks			310
Premises and equipment			1,078
Other intangible assets			188,900
Deferred tax assets, net			(35,889)
Other assets:
Funds held in escrow			288,167
Accounts receivable			2,435
Prepaid expenses			1,166
Total other assets			291,768
Total assets acquired			$	446,167
Liabilities:
Interest-bearing deposits (1)			(20,622)
Other liabilities:
Accounts payable			684
Accrued expenses			4,270
Deferred revenue			20,391
Members’ funds			288,167
Operating lease liabilities			838
Total other liabilities			314,350
Total liabilities assumed			$	293,728
Net assets acquired			152,439
Pre-existing equity interest (2)			$	2,200
Goodwill			$	228,185

(1)The $20.6 million reflects the amount held in Ametros’ operating cash account at the Bank on January 24, 2024. Upon acquisition, such cash and the Bank’s corresponding deposit liability owed to Ametros were eliminated in consolidation, which resulted in a decrease to interest-bearing deposits for the Bank and the Bank’s legal title to the funds being held in such operating cash account.

(2)Prior to the acquisition date, the Company had a 0.6% equity interest in Ametros. The consideration transferred reflects the purchase price for the remaining 99.4% of the business. Upon acquisition, the Company recognized a $1.5 million gain in Other income on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income, which represents the difference between the cost basis and estimated acquisition-date fair value of the Company’s pre-existing equity interest in Ametros.

The Company’s valuations of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Ametros acquisition were considered final as of December 31, 2024. There were no adjustments to fair value estimates recognized during the measurement period. The $228.2 million of goodwill represents future economic benefits arising from acquiring Ametros, primarily due to its strong market position and its assembled workforce, and is not deductible for tax purposes. Information regarding the allocation of goodwill to the Company’s reportable segments can be found within Note 15: Segment Reporting.

The Company incurred $3.1 million of professional and outside services expenses related to the acquisition of Ametros during the first quarter of 2024. The revenue and earnings related to the Ametros business since the acquisition date are included in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for both the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, and were not material.

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The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used to estimate the fair values of the significant assets acquired and liabilities assumed:

Other intangible assets. The Company identified and recognized a $182.8 million core deposit intangible asset and a
$6.1 million trade name intangible asset. A core deposit intangible asset represents the value of relationships with deposit customers. The fair value of the core deposit intangible asset was estimated using a net cost savings method, a form of discounted cash flow methodology, which gave appropriate consideration to expected client attrition rates and other applicable adjustments to the projected deposit balance, the interest cost and net maintenance cost associated with the client deposit base, an alternative cost of funds, and a discount rate that was used to discount the future economic benefits of the core deposit intangible asset to present value. The core deposit intangible asset is being amortized on an accelerated basis over an estimated useful life of 25 years, which is the period over which the estimated economic benefits are estimated to be received. The fair value of the trade name intangible asset for the Ametros brand was estimated using a relief-from-royalty methodology, which models the cost savings from owning the brand rather than licensing it from a third party. The trade name intangible asset is being amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of 5 years.

Funds held in escrow and Members’ funds. Funds held in escrow represent amounts held in interest-bearing checking accounts at insured depository institutions other than the Bank for the purpose of providing post-settlement medical administration services on a respective member’s behalf. Members’ funds is the corresponding liability to the Funds held in escrow. Given that these amounts can be withdrawn and/or directed for use on demand, as long as in accordance with the terms of the settlement agreement, their carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Sale of Mortgage Servicing Rights

On February 12, 2024, the Company sold the majority of its mortgage servicing portfolio, which comprised 9,184 individual residential mortgage loans with an aggregate UPB of $1.4 billion. In connection with the sale, the Company received net cash proceeds of $18.4 million and derecognized $6.7 million of mortgage servicing rights. The resulting $11.7 million net gain on sale of mortgage servicing rights is included in Other income on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and in Consumer Banking for segment reporting purposes.

Joint Venture with Marathon Asset Management

On July 19, 2024, the Company entered into an agreement with Marathon Asset Management and formed a private credit joint venture (“the joint venture”), which will deliver direct lending solutions for sponsor-backed middle market companies across the country. The Company and Marathon Asset Management each own 50 percent of the joint venture. Other than its formation, there has been no activity related to the joint venture as of March 31, 2025.

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Note 3: Investment Securities

Available-for-Sale

The following tables summarize the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities by major type:

			March 31, 2025
(In thousands)			Amortized Cost (1)			Unrealized Gains			Unrealized Losses			Allowance for Credit Losses			Fair Value
Government agency debentures			$	222,789		$	—		$	(30,448)		$	—		$	192,341
Municipal bonds and notes			122,999			2			(13,707)			—			109,294
Agency CMO			30,855			—			(2,570)			—			28,285
Agency MBS			4,927,652			28,536			(198,033)			—			4,758,155
Agency CMBS			3,476,934			4,199			(324,833)			—			3,156,300
CMBS			632,333			97			(3,079)			—			629,351
Corporate debt			474,599			261			(36,063)			(867)			437,930
Private label MBS			43,355			—			(4,197)			—			39,158
Other			9,861			—			(578)			—			9,283
Total available-for-sale			$	9,941,377		$	33,095		$	(613,508)		$	(867)		$	9,360,097
			December 31, 2024
(In thousands)			Amortized Cost (1)			Unrealized Gains			Unrealized Losses			Allowance for Credit Losses			Fair Value
Government agency debentures			$	222,767		$	—		$	(36,341)		$	—		$	186,426
Municipal bonds and notes			123,885			2			(13,011)			—			110,876
Agency CMO			32,193			—			(3,150)			—			29,043
Agency MBS			4,760,541			11,654			(252,410)			—			4,519,785
Agency CMBS			3,400,021			84			(365,713)			—			3,034,392
CMBS			630,985			411			(6,008)			—			625,388
Corporate debt			496,087			801			(43,755)			(867)			452,266
Private label MBS			44,081			—			(4,862)			—			39,219
Other			9,855			—			(650)			—			9,205
Total available-for-sale			$	9,720,415		$	12,952		$	(725,900)		$	(867)		$	9,006,600

(1)Accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale securities of $37.5 million and $35.2 million at March 31, 2025, and
December 31, 2024, respectively, is excluded from amortized cost and included in Accrued interest receivable and other assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Unrealized Losses

The following tables summarize the gross unrealized losses and fair value of available-for-sale securities by length of time each major security type has been in a continuous unrealized loss position:

			March 31, 2025
			Less Than 12 Months									12 Months or More									Total
(Dollars in thousands)			Fair Value			Unrealized Losses						Fair Value			Unrealized Losses						Number of Holdings			Fair Value			Unrealized Losses
Government agency debentures			$	—		$	—					$	192,341		$	(30,448)					15			$	192,341		$	(30,448)
Municipal bonds and notes			415			(1)						106,816			(13,706)						53			107,231			(13,707)
Agency CMO			—			—						28,285			(2,570)						28			28,285			(2,570)
Agency MBS			1,296,745			(8,846)						1,244,453			(189,187)						337			2,541,198			(198,033)
Agency CMBS			1,071,143			(16,294)						1,572,848			(308,539)						172			2,643,991			(324,833)
CMBS			98,625			(180)						291,626			(2,899)						32			390,251			(3,079)
Corporate debt			9,880			(138)						417,790			(35,925)						57			427,670			(36,063)
Private label MBS			—			—						39,158			(4,197)						3			39,158			(4,197)
Other			—			—						9,283			(578)						2			9,283			(578)
Total			$	2,476,808		$	(25,459)					$	3,902,600		$	(588,049)					699			$	6,379,408		$	(613,508)

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			December 31, 2024
			Less Than Twelve Months									Twelve Months or Longer									Total
(Dollars in thousands)			Fair Value			Unrealized Losses						Fair Value			Unrealized Losses						Number of Holdings			Fair Value			Unrealized Losses
Government agency debentures			$	—		$	—					$	186,427		$	(36,341)					15			$	186,427		$	(36,341)
Municipal bonds and notes			859			(1)						108,013			(13,010)						57			108,872			(13,011)
Agency CMO			—			—						29,043			(3,150)						28			29,043			(3,150)
Agency MBS			2,624,722			(31,539)						1,246,818			(220,871)						370			3,871,540			(252,410)
Agency CMBS			1,468,615			(32,528)						1,540,263			(333,185)						185			3,008,878			(365,713)
CMBS			—			—						457,423			(6,008)						32			457,423			(6,008)
Corporate debt			—			—						426,805			(43,755)						59			426,805			(43,755)
Private label MBS			—			—						39,219			(4,862)						3			39,219			(4,862)
Other			—			—						9,205			(650)						2			9,205			(650)
Total			$	4,094,196		$	(64,068)					$	4,043,216		$	(661,832)					751			$	8,137,412		$	(725,900)

The $112.4 million decrease in gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale securities from December 31, 2024, to
March 31, 2025, is primarily due to lower market interest rates. The Company assesses each available-for-sale security that is in an unrealized loss position on a quarterly basis to determine whether the decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis is a result of any credit related factors. At March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the ACL on available-for-sale securities was $0.9 million, which related to a single Corporate debt security. Each of the Company’s other available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position at March 31, 2025 are investment grade, current as to principal and interest, and their price changes are consistent with interest and credit spreads when adjusting for duration, convexity, rating, and industry differences.

Based on current market conditions and the Company’s targeted balance sheet composition strategy, the Company intends to hold its available-for-sale securities with unrealized loss positions through the anticipated recovery period. The issuers of these available-for-sale securities have not, to the Company’s knowledge, established any cause for default. Market prices are expected to approach par as the securities approach maturity.

Contractual Maturities

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities by contractual maturity:

			March 31, 2025
(In thousands)			Amortized Cost						Fair Value
Maturing within 1 year			$	6,017					$	6,006
After 1 year through 5 years			225,321						221,780
After 5 through 10 years			756,816						706,129
After 10 years			8,953,223						8,426,182
Total available-for-sale			$	9,941,377					$	9,360,097

Available-for-sale securities that are not due at a single maturity date have been categorized based on the maturity date of the underlying collateral. Actual principal cash flows may differ from this categorization as borrowers have the right to prepay their obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

Sales of Available-for Sale Securities

The following table summarizes information related to sales of available-for-sales securities:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In thousands)			2025						2024
Proceeds from sales			$	14,880					$	331,690
Gross realized gains			$	332					$	2,240
Gross realized losses (1)			(112)						(14,636)

(1)For the three months ended March 31, 2024, $2.6 million of the gross losses realized on sale of available-for-sale securities was due to credit related factors and, therefore, was included in the Provision for credit losses on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. There were no gross losses realized on sale of available-for-sale securities due to credit related factors for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The net amounts presented as a component of non-interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, include the portion of any gross losses that were not due to credit related factors.

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Other Information

The following table summarizes the carrying value of available-for-sale securities pledged for deposits, borrowings, and other purposes:

(In thousands)			March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
Pledged for deposits			$	1,972,495					$	1,596,378
Pledged for borrowings and other			6,825,336						6,863,183
Total available-for-sale securities pledged			$	8,797,831					$	8,459,561

Held-to-Maturity

The following tables summarize the amortized cost, fair value, and ACL on held-to-maturity securities by major type:

			March 31, 2025
(In thousands)			Amortized Cost (1)			Unrealized Gains			Unrealized Losses			Fair Value						Allowance for Credit Losses			Net Carrying Value
Agency CMO			$	19,079		$	—		$	(1,376)		$	17,703					$	—		$	19,079
Agency MBS			3,036,457			9,454			(287,453)			2,758,458						—			3,036,457
Agency CMBS			4,332,667			2,909			(560,390)			3,775,186						—			4,332,667
Municipal bonds and notes			844,431			216			(53,782)			790,865						(109)			844,322
CMBS			65,402			—			(2,890)			62,512						—			65,402
Total held-to-maturity			$	8,298,036		$	12,579		$	(905,891)		$	7,404,724					$	(109)		$	8,297,927

			December 31, 2024
(In thousands)			Amortized Cost (1)			Unrealized Gains			Unrealized Losses			Fair Value						Allowance for Credit Losses			Net Carrying Value
Agency CMO			$	19,847		$	—		$	(1,671)		$	18,176					$	—		$	19,847
Agency MBS			3,109,411			771			(333,039)			2,777,143						—			3,109,411
Agency CMBS			4,357,505			414			(613,914)			3,744,005						—			4,357,505
Municipal bonds and notes			891,909			317			(40,266)			851,960						(171)			891,738
CMBS			65,690			—			(3,851)			61,839						—			65,690
Total held-to-maturity			$	8,444,362		$	1,502		$	(992,741)		$	7,453,123					$	(171)		$	8,444,191

(1)Accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity securities of $25.3 million and $30.5 million at March 31, 2025, and
December 31, 2024, respectively, is excluded from amortized cost and included in Accrued interest receivable and other assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

An ACL on held-to-maturity securities is recorded for certain Municipal bonds and notes to account for expected lifetime credit losses. Agency securities represent obligations issued by a U.S. government-sponsored enterprise or other federally related entity and are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed and, therefore, assumed to be zero loss. Held-to-maturity securities with gross unrealized losses and no ACL are considered to be high credit quality and, therefore, zero credit loss has been recorded.

The following table summarizes the activity in the ACL on held-to-maturity securities:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In thousands)			2025						2024
Balance, beginning of period			$	171					$	209
(Benefit) for credit losses			(62)						(25)
Balance, end of period			$	109					$	184

Contractual Maturities

The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair value of held-to-maturity securities by contractual maturity:

			March 31, 2025
(In thousands)			Amortized Cost						Fair Value
Maturing within 1 year			$	2,889					$	2,890
After 1 year through 5 years			163,206						155,882
After 5 through 10 years			240,712						232,099
After 10 years			7,891,229						7,013,853
Total held-to-maturity			$	8,298,036					$	7,404,724

Held-to-maturity securities that are not due at a single maturity date have been categorized based on the maturity date of the underlying collateral. Actual principal cash flows may differ from this categorization as borrowers have the right to prepay their obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

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Credit Quality Information

The Company monitors the credit quality of held-to-maturity securities through credit ratings provided by S&P, Moody’s, Fitch Ratings, Inc., Kroll Bond Rating Agency, or DBRS Inc. Credit ratings express opinions about the credit quality of a security and are updated at each quarter end. Investment grade securities are rated BBB- or higher by S&P, or Baa3 or higher by Moody’s, and are generally considered by the rating agencies and market participants to be of low credit risk. Conversely, securities rated below investment grade, which are labeled as speculative grade by the rating agencies, are considered to have distinctively higher credit risk than investment grade securities. At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, there were no speculative grade held-to-maturity securities. Held-to-maturity securities that are not rated are collateralized with U.S. Treasury obligations.

The following tables summarize the amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities based on their lowest publicly available credit rating:

			March 31, 2025
			Investment Grade
(In thousands)			Aaa			Aa1			Aa2			Aa3			A1			A2			A3									Not Rated
Agency CMO			$	—		$	19,079		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—								$	—
Agency MBS			—			3,036,457			—			—			—			—			—									—
Agency CMBS			—			4,332,667			—			—			—			—			—									—
Municipal bonds and notes			301,702			154,865			250,204			108,892			12,151			4,165			—									12,452
CMBS			65,402			—			—			—			—			—			—									—
Total held-to-maturity			$	367,104		$	7,543,068		$	250,204		$	108,892		$	12,151		$	4,165		$	—								$	12,452

			December 31, 2024
			Investment Grade
(In thousands)			Aaa			Aa1			Aa2			Aa3			A1			A2			A3									Not Rated
Agency CMO			$	—		$	19,847		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—								$	—
Agency MBS			—			3,109,411			—			—			—			—			—									—
Agency CMBS			—			4,357,505			—			—			—			—			—									—
Municipal bonds and notes			341,187			158,327			230,986			128,692			13,761			—			4,165									14,791
CMBS			65,690			—			—			—			—			—			—									—
Total held-to-maturity			$	406,877		$	7,645,090		$	230,986		$	128,692		$	13,761		$	—		$	4,165								$	14,791

At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, there were no held-to-maturity securities past due under the terms of their agreements or in non-accrual status.

Other Information

The following table summarizes the carrying value of held-to-maturity securities pledged for deposits, borrowings, and other purposes:

(In thousands)			March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
Pledged for deposits			$	1,984,412					$	1,978,445
Pledged for borrowings and other			6,168,369						6,258,828
Total held-to-maturity securities pledged			$	8,152,781					$	8,237,273

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Note 4: Loans and Leases

The following table summarizes loans and leases by portfolio segment and class:

(In thousands)			March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
Commercial non-mortgage			$	18,266,697					$	18,037,942
Asset-based			1,385,042						1,404,007
Commercial real estate			14,486,748						14,492,436
Multi-family			6,896,396						6,898,600
Equipment financing			1,229,087						1,235,016
Commercial portfolio			42,263,970						42,068,001
Residential			9,123,000						8,853,669
Home equity			1,392,129						1,427,692
Other consumer			277,124						155,806
Consumer portfolio			10,792,253						10,437,167
Loans and leases			$	53,056,223					$	52,505,168

The carrying amount of loans and leases at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, includes net unamortized
(discounts)/premiums and net unamortized deferred (fees)/costs, in aggregate, of $9.2 million and $(1.8) million, respectively. Accrued interest receivable of $269.3 million and $265.0 million at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively, is excluded from the carrying amount of loans and leases and included in Accrued interest receivable and other assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. At March 31, 2025, the Company had pledged $17.7 billion and $5.1 billion of eligible loans as collateral to support borrowing capacity at the FHLB and FRB, respectively.

Non-Accrual and Past Due Loans and Leases

The following tables summarize the aging of accrual and non-accrual loans and leases by class:

			March 31, 2025
(In thousands)			30-59 Days Past Due and Accruing			60-89 Days Past Due and Accruing			90 or More Days Past Due and Accruing			Non-accrual			Total Past Due and Non-accrual			Current (1)			Total Loans and Leases
Commercial non-mortgage			$	10,636		$	7,820		$	145		$	259,491		$	278,092		$	17,988,605		$	18,266,697
Asset-based			—			—			—			42,140			42,140			1,342,902			1,385,042
Commercial real estate			28,421			789			362			188,844			218,416			14,268,332			14,486,748
Multi-family			3,818			139			—			17,953			21,910			6,874,486			6,896,396
Equipment financing			6,370			2,545			—			19,568			28,483			1,200,604			1,229,087
Commercial portfolio			49,245			11,293			507			527,996			589,041			41,674,929			42,263,970
Residential			12,068			4,345			—			16,040			32,453			9,090,547			9,123,000
Home equity			6,979			2,294			—			19,546			28,819			1,363,310			1,392,129
Other consumer			494			162			—			165			821			276,303			277,124
Consumer portfolio			19,541			6,801			—			35,751			62,093			10,730,160			10,792,253
Total			$	68,786		$	18,094		$	507		$	563,747		$	651,134		$	52,405,089		$	53,056,223

			December 31, 2024
(In thousands)			30-59 Days Past Due and Accruing			60-89 Days Past Due and Accruing			90 or More Days Past Due and Accruing			Non-accrual			Total Past Due and Non-accrual			Current (1)			Total Loans and Leases
Commercial non-mortgage			$	3,949		$	3,318		$	—		$	248,078		$	255,345		$	17,782,597		$	18,037,942
Asset-based			—			21,997			—			20,787			42,784			1,361,223			1,404,007
Commercial real estate			22,115			558			—			120,151			142,824			14,349,612			14,492,436
Multi-family			2,508			26,377			—			18,043			46,928			6,851,672			6,898,600
Equipment financing			6,096			3,300			—			19,367			28,763			1,206,253			1,235,016
Commercial portfolio			34,668			55,550			—			426,426			516,644			41,551,357			42,068,001
Residential			9,595			4,604			—			12,750			26,949			8,826,720			8,853,669
Home equity			6,273			2,381			—			21,425			30,079			1,397,613			1,427,692
Other consumer			349			162			—			124			635			155,171			155,806
Consumer portfolio			16,217			7,147			—			34,299			57,663			10,379,504			10,437,167
Total			$	50,885		$	62,697		$	—		$	460,725		$	574,307		$	51,930,861		$	52,505,168

(1)At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, there were $72.1 million and $32.7 million, respectively, of commercial loans that had reached their contractual maturity but were actively in the process of being refinanced with the Company. Due to the status of these refinancings, these commercial loans have been reported as current in the tables above.

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The following table provides additional information on non-accrual loans and leases:

			March 31, 2025									December 31, 2024
(In thousands)			Non-accrual			Non-accrual with No Allowance						Non-accrual			Non-accrual with No Allowance
Commercial non-mortgage			$	259,491		$	65,707					$	248,078		$	50,943
Asset-based			42,140			18,297						20,787			1,080
Commercial real estate			188,844			42,022						120,151			26,666
Multi-family			17,953			17,953						18,043			17,953
Equipment financing			19,568			124						19,367			1,809
Commercial portfolio			527,996			144,103						426,426			98,451
Residential			16,040			6,254						12,750			6,923
Home equity			19,546			11,754						21,425			12,225
Other consumer			165			2						124			3
Consumer portfolio			35,751			18,010						34,299			19,151
Total			$	563,747		$	162,113					$	460,725		$	117,602

Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases

The following table summarizes the change in the ACL on loans and leases by portfolio segment:

			Three months ended March 31,
			2025												2024
(In thousands)			Commercial Portfolio			Consumer Portfolio			Total						Commercial Portfolio			Consumer Portfolio			Total
ACL on loans and leases:
Balance, beginning of period			$	635,871		$	53,695		$	689,566					$	577,663		$	58,074		$	635,737
Provision (benefit)			68,203			10,509			78,712						49,354			(6,160)			43,194
Charge-offs			(55,566)			(1,052)			(56,618)						(38,461)			(1,330)			(39,791)
Recoveries			942			719			1,661						553			1,749			2,302
Balance, end of period (1)			$	649,450		$	63,871		$	713,321					$	589,109		$	52,333		$	641,442
Individually evaluated for credit losses			93,102			710			93,812						60,786			4,209			64,995
Collectively evaluated for credit losses			$	556,348		$	63,161		$	619,509					$	528,323		$	48,124		$	576,447

(1)The $23.8 million increase in the ACL on loans and leases from December 31, 2024, to March 31, 2025, is primarily due to additional loan and lease reserves resulting from uncertainty in the current macroeconomic environment and risk rating migration, partially offset by net charge-offs, particularly across the commercial non-mortgage, commercial real estate, and asset-based categories.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

Concentrations of credit risk may exist when a number of borrowers are engaged in similar activities, or activities in the same geographic region, and have similar economic characteristics that would cause them to be similarly impacted by changes in economic or other conditions. Concentrations of credit risk are controlled and monitored as part of the Company’s credit policies and procedures. The Company is a regional financial services holding company in the Northeast U.S. with a commercial concentration primarily in five geographic markets: New York City, Other New York Counties, Connecticut, New Jersey, and Massachusetts; and secondarily in the Southeast and Other states. At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the Company’s concentration of credit risk associated with commercial real estate and multi-family loans, in aggregate, represented 40.3% and 40.7% of total loans and leases, respectively. At both March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the Company’s concentration of credit risk associated with commercial non-mortgage loans represented 34.4% of total loans and leases.

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Credit Quality Indicators

To measure credit risk for the commercial portfolio, the Company employs a dual grade credit risk grading system for estimating the PD and LGD. The credit risk grade system assigns a rating to each borrower and to the facility, which together form a Composite Credit Risk Profile. The credit risk grade system categorizes borrowers by common financial characteristics that measure the credit strength of borrowers and facilities by common structural characteristics. The Composite Credit Risk Profile has ten grades, with each grade corresponding to a progressively greater risk of loss. Grades (1) to (6) are considered pass ratings, and grades (7) to (10) are considered criticized, as defined by the regulatory agencies. A (7) “Special Mention” rating has a potential weakness that, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset. An (8) “Substandard” rating has a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the full repayment of the debt. A (9) “Doubtful” rating has all of the same weaknesses as a substandard asset with the added characteristic that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full, given current facts, conditions, and values, improbable. Assets classified as a (10) “Loss” rating are considered uncollectible and charged-off. Risk ratings, which are assigned to differentiate risk within the portfolio, are reviewed on an ongoing basis and revised to reflect changes in a borrower’s current financial position and outlook, risk profile, and the related collateral and structural position. Loan officers review updated financial information or other loan factors on at least an annual basis for all pass rated loans to assess the accuracy of the risk grade. Criticized loans undergo more frequent reviews and enhanced monitoring.

To measure credit risk for the consumer portfolio, the most relevant credit characteristic is the FICO score, which is a widely used credit scoring system that ranges from 300 to 850. A lower FICO score is indicative of higher credit risk and a higher FICO score is indicative of lower credit risk. FICO scores are updated at least quarterly. Factors such as past due status, employment status, collateral, geography, loans discharged in bankruptcy, and the status of first lien position loans on second lien position loans, are also considered to be consumer portfolio credit quality indicators. For portfolio monitoring purposes, the Company estimates the current value of property secured as collateral for home equity and residential first mortgage lending products on an ongoing basis. The estimate is based on home price indices compiled by the S&P/Case-Shiller Home Price Indices. Real estate price data is applied to the loan portfolios taking into account the age of the most recent valuation and geographic area.

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The following tables summarize the amortized cost basis of commercial loans and leases by Composite Credit Risk Profile grade and origination year:

			March 31, 2025
(In thousands)			2025			2024			2023			2022			2021			Prior			Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis			Total
Commercial non-mortgage:
Risk rating:
Pass			$	589,610		$	2,811,820		$	1,849,511		$	2,610,552		$	1,122,264		$	1,671,176		$	6,505,435		$	17,160,368
Special mention			—			31,408			53,061			101,730			50,937			30,667			39,155			306,958
Substandard			697			24,024			149,521			285,110			92,091			78,062			169,839			799,344
Doubtful			—			—			—			—			1			25			1			27
Total commercial non-mortgage			590,307			2,867,252			2,052,093			2,997,392			1,265,293			1,779,930			6,714,430			18,266,697
Current period gross write-offs			—			959			5,507			5,742			35			3,109			12,677			28,029
Asset-based:
Risk rating:
Pass			8,000			1,237			10,775			—			—			19,726			1,105,821			1,145,559
Special mention			1,620			—			—			—			—			5,021			43,938			50,579
Substandard			—			—			2,535			—			—			952			185,417			188,904
Total asset-based			9,620			1,237			13,310			—			—			25,699			1,335,176			1,385,042
Current period gross write-offs			—			—			—			—			—			—			10,055			10,055
Commercial real estate:
Risk rating:
Pass			581,951			1,942,913			2,302,313			2,933,804			1,343,779			4,179,679			204,251			13,488,690
Special mention			—			—			43,961			151,332			—			71,182			—			266,475
Substandard			—			1,238			118,473			68,378			154,073			380,569			8,852			731,583
Total commercial real estate			581,951			1,944,151			2,464,747			3,153,514			1,497,852			4,631,430			213,103			14,486,748
Current period gross write-offs			—			—			13,986			256			406			2,583			—			17,231
Multi-family:
Risk rating:
Pass			22,763			586,211			1,356,553			1,402,923			859,681			2,270,701			17,000			6,515,832
Special mention			—			—			—			114,846			22,751			105,953			—			243,550
Substandard			—			—			14,321			16,727			27,027			78,939			—			137,014
Total multi-family			22,763			586,211			1,370,874			1,534,496			909,459			2,455,593			17,000			6,896,396
Current period gross write-offs			—			—			—			—			—			175			—			175
Equipment financing:
Risk rating:
Pass			92,887			366,019			223,425			190,593			108,200			180,836			—			1,161,960
Special mention			—			1,242			5,251			—			49			—			—			6,542
Substandard			—			541			14,469			19,500			16,003			10,072			—			60,585
Total equipment financing			92,887			367,802			243,145			210,093			124,252			190,908			—			1,229,087
Current period gross write-offs			—			—			67			—			9			—			—			76
Total commercial portfolio			1,297,528			5,766,653			6,144,169			7,895,495			3,796,856			9,083,560			8,279,709			42,263,970
Current period gross write-offs			$	—		$	959		$	19,560		$	5,998		$	450		$	5,867		$	22,732		$	55,566

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			December 31, 2024
(In thousands)			2024			2023			2022			2021			2020			Prior			Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis			Total
Commercial non-mortgage:
Risk rating:
Pass			$	2,917,048		$	1,916,905		$	2,818,720		$	1,100,575		$	562,252		$	1,211,312		$	6,325,637		$	16,852,449
Special mention			31,587			66,770			156,555			51,055			30,669			4,203			44,017			384,856
Substandard			56,307			125,735			237,362			92,134			16,466			63,998			208,608			800,610
Doubtful			—			—			—			1			—			25			1			27
Total commercial non-mortgage			3,004,942			2,109,410			3,212,637			1,243,765			609,387			1,279,538			6,578,263			18,037,942
Current period gross write-offs			—			11,894			45,308			10,668			3,842			3,385			15,169			90,266
Asset-based:
Risk rating:
Pass			1,250			11,684			—			—			—			20,255			1,132,901			1,166,090
Special mention			—			—			—			—			—			5,226			90,372			95,598
Substandard			—			2,562			—			—			—			1,239			138,518			142,319
Total asset-based			1,250			14,246			—			—			—			26,720			1,361,791			1,404,007
Current period gross write-offs			—			—			—			—			—			—			6,091			6,091
Commercial real estate:
Risk rating:
Pass			1,867,468			2,334,965			3,186,098			1,462,814			944,367			3,465,817			197,998			13,459,527
Special mention			—			12,809			175,252			37,307			37,469			64,483			—			327,320
Substandard			—			131,108			69,829			121,139			112,582			262,079			8,852			705,589
Total commercial real estate			1,867,468			2,478,882			3,431,179			1,621,260			1,094,418			3,792,379			206,850			14,492,436
Current period gross write-offs			—			854			1,244			1,579			15,477			22,674			—			41,828
Multi-family:
Risk rating:
Pass			582,363			1,394,855			1,314,395			862,273			245,802			2,179,207			16,991			6,595,886
Special mention			—			14,365			93,396			18,790			70,908			8,588			—			206,047
Substandard			—			—			16,761			27,102			26,720			26,084			—			96,667
Total multi-family			582,363			1,409,220			1,424,552			908,165			343,430			2,213,879			16,991			6,898,600
Current period gross write-offs			—			—			—			4,955			6,264			11,678			—			22,897
Equipment financing:
Risk rating:
Pass			382,783			242,440			207,081			126,399			83,838			124,910			—			1,167,451
Special mention			1,298			231			—			55			—			—			—			1,584
Substandard			572			16,228			18,341			16,970			5,514			8,356			—			65,981
Total equipment financing			384,653			258,899			225,422			143,424			89,352			133,266			—			1,235,016
Current period gross write-offs			—			5,146			1,705			52			—			3,475			—			10,378
Total commercial portfolio			5,840,676			6,270,657			8,293,790			3,916,614			2,136,587			7,445,782			8,163,895			42,068,001
Current period gross write-offs			$	—		$	17,894		$	48,257		$	17,254		$	25,583		$	41,212		$	21,260		$	171,460

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The following tables summarize the amortized cost basis of consumer loans by FICO score and origination year:

			March 31, 2025
(In thousands)			2025			2024			2023			2022			2021			Prior			Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis			Total
Residential:
Risk rating:
800+			$	54,360		$	466,968		$	289,341		$	908,689		$	1,065,848		$	1,308,236		$	—		$	4,093,442
740-799			197,127			616,387			242,333			571,212			665,571			852,295			—			3,144,925
670-739			29,925			170,615			121,947			287,984			260,903			650,268			—			1,521,642
580-669			612			21,028			21,521			62,529			44,028			119,859			—			269,577
579 and below			45			750			2,669			14,266			21,147			54,537			—			93,414
Total residential			282,069			1,275,748			677,811			1,844,680			2,057,497			2,985,195			—			9,123,000
Current period gross write-offs			—			—			—			—			—			15			—			15
Home equity:
Risk rating:
800+			2,601			13,140			25,403			24,795			30,267			73,551			347,289			517,046
740-799			2,375			11,925			19,149			18,099			24,747			41,401			312,316			430,012
670-739			4,034			10,122			12,891			11,412			12,676			32,253			233,267			316,655
580-669			261			1,780			2,926			2,867			1,988			13,393			67,227			90,442
579 and below			—			57			1,114			2,235			680			3,641			30,247			37,974
Total home equity			9,271			37,024			61,483			59,408			70,358			164,239			990,346			1,392,129
Current period gross write-offs			—			51			—			—						6			101			158
Other consumer:
Risk rating:
800+			1,294			8,541			268			182			1,738			246			13,253			25,522
740-799			16,146			76,296			522			213			145			272			7,459			101,053
670-739			23,395			103,824			513			352			238			213			16,803			145,338
580-669			556			2,487			116			104			57			109			1,102			4,531
579 and below			3			29			67			61			23			26			471			680
Total other consumer			41,394			191,177			1,486			912			2,201			866			39,088			277,124
Current period gross write-offs			615			193			8			—			—			25			38			879
Total consumer portfolio			332,734			1,503,949			740,780			1,905,000			2,130,056			3,150,300			1,029,434			10,792,253
Current period gross write-offs			$	615		$	244		$	8		$	—		$	—		$	46		$	139		$	1,052

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			December 31, 2024
(In thousands)			2024			2023			2022			2021			2020			Prior			Revolving Loans Amortized Cost Basis			Total
Residential:
Risk rating:
800+			$	312,771		$	299,006		$	909,109		$	1,097,807		$	433,950		$	956,478		$	—		$	4,009,121
740-799			649,118			258,699			567,545			656,599			235,749			623,989			—			2,991,699
670-739			172,886			123,354			317,373			271,247			80,318			550,252			—			1,515,430
580-669			16,643			13,382			55,507			35,292			16,738			109,240			—			246,802
579 and below			237			2,680			12,617			21,387			3,791			49,905			—			90,617
Total residential			1,151,655			697,121			1,862,151			2,082,332			770,546			2,289,864			—			8,853,669
Current period gross write-offs			—			—			—			—			—			147			—			147
Home equity:
Risk rating:
800+			12,313			25,226			23,512			32,695			22,705			53,844			365,741			536,036
740-799			12,238			21,831			20,718			23,517			10,861			33,703			330,691			453,559
670-739			11,416			14,298			12,732			13,074			6,242			28,638			224,449			310,849
580-669			1,755			2,570			1,685			2,172			754			9,471			67,745			86,152
579 and below			58			799			2,401			726			429			4,254			32,429			41,096
Total home equity			37,780			64,724			61,048			72,184			40,991			129,910			1,021,055			1,427,692
Current period gross write-offs			—			—			—			—			2			444			351			797
Other consumer:
Risk rating:
800+			4,920			312			218			1,765			50			284			31,549			39,098
740-799			45,001			721			301			165			124			266			3,550			50,128
670-739			57,952			432			372			313			220			188			3,349			62,826
580-669			1,417			116			105			69			25			81			1,150			2,963
579 and below			29			93			63			28			9			—			569			791
Total other consumer			109,319			1,674			1,059			2,340			428			819			40,167			155,806
Current period gross write-offs			3,467			17			34			20			113			193			222			4,066
Total consumer portfolio			1,298,754			763,519			1,924,258			2,156,856			811,965			2,420,593			1,061,222			10,437,167
Current period gross write-offs			$	3,467		$	17		$	34		$	20		$	115		$	784		$	573		$	5,010

Collateral Dependent Loans and Leases

A non-accrual loan or lease is considered collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and when repayment is substantially expected to be provided through the operation or sale of collateral. Commercial non-mortgage loans,
asset-based loans, and equipment financing loans and leases are generally secured by machinery and equipment, inventory, receivables, or other non-real estate assets, whereas commercial real estate, multi-family, residential, home equity, and other consumer loans are secured by real estate.

At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the carrying amount of collateral dependent loans was $228.4 million and $139.5 million, respectively, for commercial loans and leases, and $26.6 million and $29.1 million, respectively, for consumer loans. The ACL for collateral dependent loans and leases is individually assessed based on the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell at the reporting date. At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the collateral value associated with collateral dependent loans and leases was $253.0 million and $200.1 million, respectively.

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

In certain circumstances, the Company enters into agreements to modify the terms of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. A variety of solutions are offered to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, including loan modifications that may result in principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, payment delays, term extensions, or a combination thereof. The following is a description of each of these types of modifications:

•Principal forgiveness – The outstanding principal balance of a loan may be reduced by a specified amount. Principal forgiveness may occur voluntarily as part of a negotiated agreement with a borrower, or involuntarily through a bankruptcy proceeding.

•Interest rate reductions – Includes modifications where the contractual interest rate of the loan has been reduced.

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•Payment delays – Deferral arrangements that allow borrowers to delay a scheduled loan payment to a later date. Deferred loan payments do not affect the original contractual maturity terms of the loan. Modifications that result in only an insignificant payment delay are not disclosed. The Company generally considers a payment delay of three months or less to be insignificant.

•Term extensions – Extensions of the original contractual maturity date of the loan.

•Combination – Combination includes loans that have undergone more than one of the above loan modification types.

Significant judgment is required to determine if a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. These considerations vary by portfolio class. The Company has identified modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that are included in its disclosures as follows:

•Commercial: The Company evaluates modifications of loans to commercial borrowers that are rated substandard or worse, and includes the modifications in its disclosures to the extent that the modification is considered
other-than-insignificant.

•Consumer: The Company generally evaluates all modifications of loans to consumer borrowers subject to its loss mitigation program and includes them in its disclosures to the extent that the modification is considered other-than-insignificant.

The following tables summarize the amortized cost basis at March 31, 2025, and 2024, of loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by class and type of concession granted:

									Three months ended March 31, 2025
(In thousands)									Term Extension						Payment Delay						Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction																								Total						% of Total Class (2)
Commercial non-mortgage									$	43,880					$	24,106					$	115																							$	68,101					0.4		%
Commercial real estate									20,700						512						—																								21,212						0.1
Multi-family									2,414						—						—																								2,414						—
Equipment financing									207						—						—																								207						—
Residential									—						—						900																								900						—
Home equity									—						—						40																								40						—
Total (1)									$	67,201					$	24,618					$	1,055																							$	92,874					0.2		%

			Three months ended March 31, 2024
(In thousands)			Interest Rate Reduction						Term Extension						Payment Delay						Combination - Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction																								Total						% of Total Class (2)
Commercial non-mortgage			$	1,934					$	18,124					$	50,038					$	1,099																							$	71,195					0.4		%
Asset-based			—						1,667						—						—																								1,667						0.1
Commercial real estate			—						7,753						—						—																								7,753						0.1
Multi-family			—						49,990						—						—																								49,990						0.6
Equipment financing			—						556						—						—																								556						—
Residential			629						—						—						135																								764						—
Home equity			—						—						—						65																								65						—
Total (1)			$	2,563					$	78,090					$	50,038					$	1,299																							$	131,990					0.3		%

(1)The total amortized cost excludes accrued interest receivable of $0.1 million and $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

(2)Represents the total amortized cost of the loans modified as a percentage of the total period end loan balance by class.

The following tables describe the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty:

			Three months ended March 31, 2025
			Financial Effect (1)
Term Extension:
Commercial non-mortgage			Extended term by a weighted average of 1.3 years
Commercial real estate			Extended term by a weighted average of 0.9 years
Multi-family			Extended term by a weighted average of 0.7 years
Payment Delay:
Commercial non-mortgage			Provided payment deferrals for a weighted average of 0.5 years

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			Three months ended March 31, 2024
			Financial Effect (1)
Interest Rate Reduction:
Commercial non-mortgage			Reduced weighted average interest rate by 2.5%
Term Extension:
Commercial non-mortgage			Extended term by a weighted average of 0.5 years
Asset-based			Extended term by a weighted average of 0.3 years
Commercial real estate			Extended term by a weighted average of 0.3 years
Multi-family			Extended term by a weighted average of 0.7 years
Payment Delay:
Commercial non-mortgage			Provided partial payment deferrals for a weighted average of 0.5 years

(1)Certain disclosures related to financial effects of modifications do not include those deemed to be immaterial.

The Company closely monitors the performance of the loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following tables summarize the aging of loans that had been modified in the twelve months preceding March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024:

			March 31, 2025
(In thousands)			Current						30-59 Days Past Due						60-89 Days Past Due						90 or More Days Past Due						Non-Accrual						Total
Commercial non-mortgage			$	57,856					$	1,015					$	—					$	—					$	148,972					$	207,843
Asset-based			23,718						—						—						—						—						23,718
Commercial real estate			116,386						—						—						—						30,012						146,398
Multi-family			692						1,721						—						—						—						2,413
Equipment financing			338						13						—						—						—						351
Residential			716						—						—						—						1,074						1,790
Home equity			420						—						—						—						464						884
Total			$	200,126					$	2,749					$	—					$	—					$	180,522					$	383,397
			March 31, 2024
(In thousands)			Current						30-59 Days Past Due						60-89 Days Past Due						90 or More Days Past Due						Non-Accrual						Total
Commercial non-mortgage			$	77,451					$	—					$	19					$	—					$	97,587					$	175,057
Asset-based			42,331						—						—						—						—						42,331
Commercial real estate			24,859						—						—						—						169						25,028
Multi-family			—						18,103						22,406						—						9,481						49,990
Equipment financing			1,762						—						—						—						317						2,079
Residential			1,258						—						—						—						764						2,022
Home equity			510						—						—						—						86						596
Total			$	148,171					$	18,103					$	22,425					$	—					$	108,404					$	297,103

Loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified in the preceding twelve months and that had a payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2025, were not significant. There were $17.8 million of commercial non-mortgage loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified in the preceding twelve months and that had a payment default during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

For the purposes of this disclosure, a payment default is defined as 90 or more days past due. Non-accrual loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty remain on non-accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated performance under the modified terms. Commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans had been modified were not significant.

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Note 5: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

Goodwill

The following table summarizes changes in the carrying amount of goodwill:

(In thousands)			March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
Balance, beginning of period			$	2,868,068					$	2,631,465
Ametros acquisition (1)			—						236,603
Balance, end of period			$	2,868,068					$	2,868,068

(1)Reflects the $228.2 million of goodwill recorded in connection with the Ametros acquisition in January 2024, and $8.4 million of other adjustments. The allocation of the purchase price and goodwill calculation for the Ametros acquisition was considered final as of December 31, 2024.

Information regarding goodwill by reportable segment can be found within Note 15: Segment Reporting.

Other Intangible Assets

The following table summarizes other intangible assets:

			March 31, 2025												December 31, 2024
(In thousands)			Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount						Gross Carrying Amount			Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
Core deposits			$	328,837		$	82,210		$	246,627					$	328,837		$	76,795		$	252,042
Customer relationships			122,063			50,503			71,560						122,063			47,186			74,877
Non-competition agreement			4,000			1,800			2,200						4,000			1,600			2,400
Trade name			6,100			1,423			4,677						6,100			1,118			4,982
Total other intangible assets			$	461,000		$	135,936		$	325,064					$	461,000		$	126,699		$	334,301

The remaining estimated aggregate future amortization expense for other intangible assets is as follows:

(In thousands)			March 31, 2025
Remainder of 2025			$	26,814
2026			34,083
2027			33,033
2028			30,162
2029			28,289
Thereafter			172,683

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Note 6: Deposits

The following table summarizes deposits by type:

(In thousands)			March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
Non-interest-bearing:
Demand			$	10,139,131					$	10,316,501
Interest-bearing:
Health savings accounts			9,180,889						8,951,031
Checking			9,741,569						9,834,790
Money market			21,517,733						20,433,250
Savings			7,473,515						6,982,554
Time deposits			7,522,392						8,234,954
Total interest-bearing			$	55,436,098					$	54,436,579
Total deposits			$	65,575,229					$	64,753,080
Time deposits, money market, and interest-bearing checking obtained through brokers (1)			$	2,311,841					$	3,181,298
Aggregate amount of time deposit accounts that exceeded the FDIC limit (2)			1,436,038						1,407,077
Deposit overdrafts reclassified as loan balances			4,486						7,146

(1)Excludes money market sweep deposits received through interLINK of $8.0 billion at March 31, 2025, and $7.3 billion at
December 31, 2024.

(2)Excludes time deposit accounts that were at the FDIC limit of $25.0 million at March 31, 2025, and $16.8 million at
December 31, 2024.

The following table summarizes the scheduled maturities of time deposits:

(In thousands)			March 31, 2025
Remainder of 2025			$	6,765,026
2026			670,820
2027			37,100
2028			18,951
2029			18,312
Thereafter			12,183
Total time deposits			$	7,522,392

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Note 7: Borrowings

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase and Federal Funds Purchased

The following table summarizes securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased:

			March 31, 2025									December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)			Total Outstanding			Rate						Total Outstanding			Rate
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (1)			$	83,395		0.12		%				$	344,168		2.98		%
Federal funds purchased			—			—						—			—
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased			$	83,395		0.12		%				$	344,168		2.98		%

(1)Securities sold under agreements to repurchase have an original maturity of one year or less for the periods presented.

The Company’s repurchase agreement counterparties are limited to primary dealers in government securities and commercial and municipal customers through the Corporate Treasury function. The Company has the right of offset with respect to repurchase agreement assets and liabilities with the same counterparty when master netting agreements are in place. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are presented as gross transactions at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, since only liabilities are outstanding. Agency MBS securities, which had an aggregate market value of $85.8 million and $358.4 million at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively, are pledged to secure repurchase agreements. These Agency MBS securities are subject to changes in market value and, therefore, the Company may increase or decrease the level of securities pledged as collateral based upon movements in market value.

The following tables represent the offsetting of repurchase agreements that are subject to master netting agreements:

			March 31, 2025
			Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities						Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position						Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position						Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial position
(In thousands)																					Financial Instruments						Cash Collateral Pledged						Net Amount
Repurchase agreements			$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—					$	—
			December 31, 2024
			Gross Amounts of Recognized Liabilities						Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position						Net Amounts of Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position						Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial position
(In thousands)																					Financial Instruments						Cash Collateral Pledged						Net Amount
Repurchase agreements			$	209,961					$	—					$	209,961					$	220,588					$	—					$	(10,627)

FHLB Advances

The following table summarizes information for FHLB advances:

			March 31, 2025									December 31, 2024
(Dollars in thousands)			Total Outstanding			Weighted- Average Contractual Coupon Rate						Total Outstanding			Weighted- Average Contractual Coupon Rate
Maturing within 1 year			$	2,900,000		4.46		%				$	2,100,000		4.50		%
After 1 but within 2 years			—			—						—			—
After 2 but within 3 years			425			1.37						218			—
After 3 but within 4 years			—			—						215			2.75
After 4 but within 5 years			636			1.75						642			1.75
After 5 years			8,950			2.02						9,033			2.02
Total FHLB advances			$	2,910,011		4.45		%				$	2,110,108		4.49		%
Aggregate market value of assets pledged as collateral			$	16,544,661								$	16,581,133
Remaining borrowing capacity at FHLB			7,889,282									8,670,348

The Bank may borrow up to a discounted amount of eligible loans and securities that have been pledged as collateral to secure FHLB advances, which includes certain residential, multi-family, and commercial real estate loans, home equity lines of credit, Agency MBS, and Agency CMO. The Bank was in compliance with its FHLB collateral requirements at both March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

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Long-term Debt

The following table summarizes long-term debt:

(Dollars in thousands)						March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
4.100%			Senior fixed-rate notes due March 25, 2029 (1)			$	321,413					$	322,751
Subordinated floating-rate notes due December 30, 2029 (2)						274,000						274,000
3.875%			Subordinated fixed-to-floating rate notes due November 1, 2030			225,000						225,000
Junior subordinated debt Webster Statutory Trust I floating-rate notes due September 17, 2033 (3)						77,320						77,320
Total senior and subordinated debt						897,733						899,071
Discount on senior fixed-rate notes						(398)						(423)
Debt issuance cost on senior fixed-rate notes						(1,070)						(1,137)
Premium on subordinated fixed-to-floating rate notes						11,145						11,674
Long-term debt (4)						$	907,410					$	909,185

(1)The Company de-designated its fair value hedging relationship on these senior fixed-rate notes in 2020. A basis adjustment of $21.4 million and $22.8 million at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively, is included in the carrying value and is being amortized over the remaining life of the senior fixed-rate notes.

(2)The interest rate on the 2029 subordinated floating-rate notes varies quarterly based on 3-month term SOFR plus 253 basis points, which yielded 6.83% at March 31, 2025, and 6.84% at December 31, 2024.

(3)The interest rate on the Webster Statutory Trust I floating-rate notes varies quarterly based on 3-month SOFR plus a credit spread adjustment plus a market spread of 2.95%, which yielded 7.51% at March 31, 2025, and 7.56% at December 31, 2024.

(4)The classification of debt as long-term is based on the initial term of greater than one year as of the date of issuance.

Additional information regarding the Company’s long-term debt can be found within Note 11: Borrowings in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

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Note 8: Stockholders’ Equity

The following table summarizes the changes in shares of preferred and common stock issued and common stock held as treasury shares:

						Preferred Stock Series F Issued			Preferred Stock Series G Issued			Common Stock Issued			Treasury Stock Held			Common Stock Outstanding
Balance at December 31, 2024						6,000			135,000			182,778,045			11,386,920			171,391,125
Stock compensation plan activity (1)						—			—			—			(772,605)			772,605
Common stock repurchase program						—			—			—			3,569,454			(3,569,454)
Balance at March 31, 2025						6,000			135,000			182,778,045			14,183,769			168,594,276
Balance at December 31, 2023						6,000			135,000			182,778,045			10,756,089			172,021,956
Stock compensation plan activity (1)						—			—			—			(875,991)			875,991
Common stock repurchase program						—			—			—			434,061			(434,061)
Balance at March 31, 2024						6,000			135,000			182,778,045			10,314,159			172,463,886

(1)Reflects 1,157,278 and 1,156,508, in aggregate, of common shares issued from Treasury stock for time-based restricted stock awards grants, net of forfeitures, and the vesting of performance-based restricted stock awards during the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively, less 384,673 and 280,517 of common shares acquired outside of the Company’s common stock repurchase program related to stock compensation plan activity during the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively.

Common Stock Repurchase Program

The Company maintains a common stock repurchase program, which was approved by the Board of Directors on
October 24, 2017, that permits management to repurchase shares of Webster common stock in open market or private transactions, through block trades, and pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the SEC, subject to the availability and trading price of stock, general market conditions, alternative uses for capital, regulatory considerations, and the Company’s financial performance. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company repurchased 3,569,454 shares under the repurchase program at a weighted-average price of $50.70 per share, totaling $181.0 million. At March 31, 2025, the Company’s remaining repurchase authority was $47.0 million. On April 30, 2025, the Board of Directors increased the Company’s authority to repurchase shares of Webster common stock under the repurchase program by $700.0 million.

Preferred Stock

Information regarding the Company’s preferred stock can be found within Note 12: Stockholders’ Equity in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

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Note 9: Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss), Net of Tax

The following tables summarize the change in each component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss), net of the related tax impact:

			Three months ended March 31, 2025
(In thousands)			Investment Securities Available- for-Sale			Derivative Financial Instruments			Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans			Total
Balance, beginning of period			$	(520,318)		$	(9,600)		$	(26,465)		$	(556,383)
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications			96,966			7,752			—			104,718
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss)			(385)			2,372			277			2,264
Other comprehensive income, net of tax			96,581			10,124			277			106,982
Balance, end of period			$	(423,737)		$	524		$	(26,188)		$	(449,401)

			Three months ended March 31, 2024
(In thousands)			Investment Securities Available- for-Sale			Derivative Financial Instruments			Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans			Total
Balance, beginning of period			$	(517,450)		$	(2,869)		$	(30,252)		$	(550,571)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications			(42,591)			(37,937)			251			(80,277)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss)			6,320			7,948			479			14,747
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax			(36,271)			(29,989)			730			(65,530)
Balance, end of period			$	(553,721)		$	(32,858)		$	(29,522)		$	(616,101)

The following table further summarizes the amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss):

Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Components			Three months ended															Associated Line Item on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income
			March 31,
			2025						2024
(In thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:
Net unrealized gains (losses) (1)			$	528					$	(8,688)														Non-interest income (2)
Tax benefit			(143)						2,368															Income tax expense
Net of tax			$	385					$	(6,320)
Derivative financial instruments:
Interest payments (3)			$	(3,255)					$	(10,492)														Interest and fees on loans and leases
Hedge terminations			—						(34)															Long-term debt interest expense
Premium amortization			—						(272)															Interest and fees on loans and leases
Tax benefit			883						2,850															Income tax expense
Net of tax			$	(2,372)					$	(7,948)
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans:
Actuarial net loss amortization			$	(380)					$	(657)														Other expense
Tax benefit			103						178															Income tax expense
Net of tax			$	(277)					$	(479)

(1)Reclassification adjustments for net unrealized gains (losses) on investment securities available-for-sale that were sold during the reporting period are determined by reference to the unrealized gain or loss reported in the previous reporting period.

(2)Gains and losses realized on sale of investment securities available-for-sale are generally included as a component of non-interest income on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income unless any portion or all of the loss is due to credit related factors, in which the amount is then included in the Provision for credit losses. Additional information regarding the presentation of gains and losses realized on sale of investment securities available-for-sale for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, can be found within Note 3: Investment Securities.

(3)Over the next twelve months, an estimated $1.3 million related to cash flow hedge gain or loss will be reclassified from AOCL, decreasing Interest and fees on loans and leases as hedge interest payments are made.

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Note 10: Regulatory Capital and Restrictions

Regulatory Capital Requirements

The Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory actions by regulators that could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and/or the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action (applies to the Bank only), both the Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated pursuant to regulatory directives. Capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.

Quantitative measures established by Basel III to ensure capital adequacy require the Company and the Bank to maintain minimum ratios of CET1 Risk-Based Capital, Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital, Total Risk-Based Capital, and Tier 1 Leverage Capital, as defined in the regulations. CET1 capital consists of common stockholders’ equity, less deductions for goodwill and other intangible assets, and certain deferred tax adjustments. At the time of initial adoption of the Basel III Capital Rules, the Company had elected to opt-out of the requirement to include certain components of AOCI in CET1 capital. Tier 1 capital consists of CET1 capital plus preferred stock. Total capital consists of Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital, as defined in the regulations. Tier 2 capital includes qualifying subordinated debt and the permissible portion of the ACL.

At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, both the Company and the Bank were classified as “well-capitalized.”

The following tables provides information on the capital ratios for the Company and the Bank:

			March 31, 2025
			Actual (1)									Minimum Requirement									Well Capitalized
(Dollars in thousands)			Amount			Ratio						Amount			Ratio						Amount			Ratio
Webster Financial Corporation
CET1 Risk-Based Capital			$	6,276,086		11.25		%				$	2,510,372		4.5		%				$	3,626,093		6.5		%
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital			6,560,065			11.76						3,347,163			6.0						4,462,884			8.0
Total Risk-Based Capital			7,788,501			13.96						4,462,884			8.0						5,578,605			10.0
Tier 1 Leverage Capital			6,560,065			8.54						3,072,950			4.0						3,841,187			5.0
Webster Bank
CET1 Risk-Based Capital			$	6,988,372		12.56		%				$	2,504,775		4.5		%				$	3,618,009		6.5		%
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital			6,988,372			12.56						3,339,701			6.0						4,452,934			8.0
Total Risk-Based Capital			7,684,411			13.81						4,452,934			8.0						5,566,168			10.0
Tier 1 Leverage Capital			6,988,372			9.11						3,069,811			4.0						3,837,264			5.0

			December 31, 2024
			Actual (1)									Minimum Requirement									Well Capitalized
(Dollars in thousands)			Amount			Ratio						Amount			Ratio						Amount			Ratio
Webster Financial Corporation
CET1 Risk-Based Capital			$	6,318,876		11.54		%				$	2,464,542		4.5		%				$	3,559,895		6.5		%
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital			6,602,855			12.06						3,286,057			6.0						4,381,409			8.0
Total Risk-Based Capital			7,800,717			14.24						4,381,409			8.0						5,476,761			10.0
Tier 1 Leverage Capital			6,602,855			8.70						3,034,369			4.0						3,792,961			5.0
Webster Bank
CET1 Risk-Based Capital			$	6,847,474		12.53		%				$	2,460,031		4.5		%				$	3,553,378		6.5		%
Tier 1 Risk-Based Capital			6,847,474			12.53						3,280,042			6.0						4,373,389			8.0
Total Risk-Based Capital			7,512,143			13.74						4,373,389			8.0						5,466,736			10.0
Tier 1 Leverage Capital			6,847,474			9.04						3,031,190			4.0						3,788,988			5.0

(1)In accordance with regulatory capital rules, the Company elected to delay the estimated impact of the adoption of CECL on its regulatory capital over a two-year deferral period, which ended on January 1, 2022, and a subsequent three-year transition period, which ended on December 31, 2024. During the three-year transition period, regulatory capital ratios phased out the aggregate amount of the regulatory capital benefit provided from the delayed CECL adoption in the initial two years. For 2024, the Company was allowed 25% of the regulatory capital benefit as of December 31, 2021. Full absorption occurred in 2025.

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Dividend Restrictions

The Holding Company is dependent upon dividends from the Bank to provide funds for the payment of dividends to stockholders and for other cash requirements. Dividends paid by the Bank are subject to various federal and state regulatory limitations. Express approval by the OCC is required if the effect of dividends declared would cause the regulatory capital of the Bank to fall below specified minimum levels or if the amount would exceed net income for that year combined with undistributed net income for the preceding two years. The Bank paid the Holding Company dividends of $100.0 million and $175.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively, for which no express approval from the OCC was required.

Cash Restrictions

The Bank is required under Federal Reserve regulations to maintain cash reserve balances in the form of vault cash or deposits held at a FRB to ensure that it is able to meet customer demands. The reserve requirement ratio is subject to adjustment as economic conditions warrant. On March 26, 2020, the Federal Reserve reduced the reserve requirement ratios on all net transaction accounts to zero percent. As a result, the Bank has not been required to hold cash reserve balances since that date.

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Note 11: Variable Interest Entities

The Company has an investment interest in the following entities that each meet the definition of a VIE. Information regarding the consolidation of VIEs can be found within Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Consolidated

Rabbi Trusts. The Company established a Rabbi Trust to meet its obligations due under the Webster Bank Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors and Officers. The funding of the Rabbi Trust and the discontinuation of the Webster Bank Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors and Officers occurred during 2012. In connection with its merger with Sterling Bancorp in 2022, the Company acquired assets held in a separate Rabbi Trust that had been previously established to fund obligations due under the Greater New York Savings Bank Directors’ Retirement Plan. The Company is considered the primary beneficiary of these Rabbi Trusts as it has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact their economic performance and it has the obligation to absorb losses and/or the right to receive benefits that could potentially be significant.

The Rabbi Trusts’ assets are included in Accrued interest receivable and other assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Investment earnings and any changes in fair value are included in Other income on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Additional information regarding the Rabbi Trusts’ investments can be found within Note 14: Fair Value Measurements.

Non-Consolidated

Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Investments. The Company makes non-marketable equity investments in entities that sponsor affordable housing and other community development projects that qualify for the LIHTC Program pursuant to Section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code. The purpose of these investments is not only to assist the Bank in meeting its responsibilities under the CRA, but also to provide a return, primarily through the realization of tax benefits. While the Company’s investment in an entity may exceed 50% of its outstanding equity interests, the entity is not consolidated as the Company is not the primary beneficiary. The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary due to its inability to direct the activities that most significantly impact economic performance. The Company applies the proportional amortization method to subsequently measure its investments in qualified affordable housing projects.

The following table summarizes the Company’s LIHTC investments and related unfunded commitments:

(In thousands)			March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
Gross investment in LIHTC investments			$	1,510,214					$	1,439,461
Accumulated amortization			(254,162)						(222,101)
Net investment in LIHTC investments			$	1,256,052					$	1,217,360
Unfunded commitments for LIHTC investments			$	749,732					$	720,890

The aggregate carrying value of the Company’s LIHTC investments and the related unfunded commitments are included in Accrued interest receivable and other assets and Accrued expenses and other liabilities, respectively, on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company’s maximum exposure to loss related to its LIHTC investments is generally the aggregate carrying value as of each reporting date. However, income tax credits recognized related to these investments are subject to recapture by taxing authorities for up to a period of 15 years based on compliance provisions that are required to be met at the project level. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, there were $70.8 million and $158.7 million of commitments approved to fund LIHTC investments, respectively.

The following table summarizes the amount of income tax credits and other income tax benefits, and investment amortization generated from the Company’s LIHTC investments, which are recognized as a component of income tax expense on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In thousands)			2025						2024
Income tax credits and other income tax benefits from LIHTC investments			$	(41,706)					$	(28,024)
Investment amortization from LIHTC investments			32,061						20,413

Income tax credits and other income tax benefits, and investment amortization generated from the Company’s LIHTC investments, are included as a component of operating activities on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

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Webster Statutory Trust I. The Company owns all the outstanding common stock of Webster Statutory Trust I, a financial vehicle that has issued, and in the future may issue, trust preferred securities. The Company is not the primary beneficiary of Webster Statutory Trust I. The only assets of Webster Statutory Trust I are junior subordinated debentures that are issued by the Company, which were acquired using the proceeds from the issuance of trust preferred securities and common stock. The junior subordinated debentures are included in Long-term debt on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the related interest expense is included in Long-term debt on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Additional information regarding these junior subordinated debentures can be found within Note 11: Borrowings in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Multi-family Securitization Trusts. The Company completed a multi-family securitization in the third quarter of 2024. Additional information regarding this multi-family securitization can be found within Note 5: Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of the multi-family securitization trusts since it does not have the power to direct the activities that would have the most significant impact on their economic performance. The Company’s maximum exposure related to the multi-family securitization trusts is $36.4 million, which represents its obligation to Freddie Mac to guarantee losses up to 12% of the aggregate UPB of the loans at the time of sale. The obligation is secured in full by an irrevocable letter of credit issued by the FHLB.

Other Non-Marketable Investments. The Company invests in alternative investments comprising interests in non-public entities that cannot be redeemed since the investment is distributed as the underlying equity is liquidated. The ultimate timing and amount of these distributions cannot be predicted with reasonable certainty. For each of these alternative investments that is classified as a VIE, the Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary due to its inability to direct the activities that most significantly impact economic performance. The aggregate carrying value of the Company’s other non-marketable investments was $230.0 million and $216.5 million at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively, which is included in Accrued interest receivable and other assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and its maximum exposure to loss, including unfunded commitments, was $341.8 million and $332.8 million, respectively. Additional information regarding other non-marketable investments can be found within Note 14: Fair Value Measurements.

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Note 12: Earnings Per Common Share

The following table summarizes the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share:

			Three months ended March 31,
(In thousands, except per share data)			2025						2024
Net income			$	226,917					$	216,323
Less: Preferred stock dividends			4,163						4,163
Income allocated to participating securities			2,387						2,101
Net income applicable to common stockholders			$	220,367					$	210,059
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic			169,182						170,445
Add: Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock			362						259
Weighted-average common shares - diluted			169,544						170,704
Earnings per common share - basic			$	1.30					$	1.23
Earnings per common share - diluted			1.30						1.23

Earnings per common share is calculated under the two-class method in which all earnings, distributed and undistributed, are allocated to common stock and participating securities based on their respective rights to receive dividends. The Company may provide for the grant of stock options, restricted stock, performance-based restricted stock, and stock units to eligible employees and directors under its stock incentive plan. Holders of restricted stock are entitled to receive non-forfeitable dividends during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to the dividends paid to holders of common stock. These unvested awards meet the definition of participating securities.

Potential common shares from performance-based restricted stock that were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per common share because they were anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method were 46,900 and 54,586 for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, respectively. Additional information regarding stock awards under the Company’s stock incentive plan can be found within Note 20: Share-Based Plans in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

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Note 13: Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative Positions and Offsetting

Derivatives Designated in Hedge Relationships. Interest rate swaps allow the Company to change the fixed or variable nature of an interest rate without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. Certain pay fixed/receive variable interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges to effectively convert variable-rate debt into fixed-rate debt, whereas certain receive fixed/pay variable interest rate swaps are designated as fair value hedges to effectively convert fixed-rate debt into variable-rate debt. Certain purchased options are also designated as cash flow hedges, allowing the Company to limit the potential adverse impact of variable interest rates by establishing a cap rate or floor rate in exchange for an upfront premium. The purchased options designated as cash flow hedges represent interest rate caps where payment is received from the counterparty if interest rates rise above the cap rate, and interest rate floors where payment is received from the counterparty when interest rates fall below the floor rate. The maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are hedged is 2.0 years.

Derivatives Not Designated in Hedge Relationships. The Company also enters into derivative transactions that are not designated in hedge relationships. The Company has a back-to-back swap program, whereby it enters into an interest rate swap with a qualified customer and simultaneously enters into an equal and opposite interest-rate swap with a swap counterparty, to hedge interest rate risk. Derivative assets and derivative liabilities with the same counterparty are presented on a net basis when master netting agreements are in place.

The following tables present the notional amounts and fair values, including accrued interest, of derivative positions:

			March 31, 2025
			Asset Derivatives									Liability Derivatives
(In thousands)			Notional Amounts			Fair Value						Notional Amounts			Fair Value
Designated in hedge relationships:
Interest rate derivatives (1)			$	2,750,000		$	4,704					$	2,250,000		$	3,263
Not designated in hedge relationships:
Interest rate derivatives (1)			8,804,803			257,423						8,846,028			256,668
Mortgage banking derivatives			1,541			17						—			—
Other (2)			343,572			205						783,094			659
Total not designated as hedging instruments			9,149,916			257,645						9,629,122			257,327
Gross derivative instruments, before netting			$	11,899,916		262,349						$	11,879,122		260,590
Less: Master netting agreements						44,248									44,248
Cash collateral pledged						168,060									8,940
Total derivative instruments, after netting						$	50,041								$	207,402
			December 31, 2024
			Asset Derivatives									Liability Derivatives
(In thousands)			Notional Amounts			Fair Value						Notional Amounts			Fair Value
Designated in hedge relationships:
Interest rate derivatives (1)			$	750,000		$	719					$	4,250,000		$	13,169
Not designated in hedge relationships:
Interest rate derivatives (1)			8,693,493			300,120						8,728,767			298,296
Mortgage banking derivatives			584			3						—			—
Other (2)			337,370			1,300						833,449			96
Total not designated as hedging instruments			9,031,447			301,423						9,562,216			298,392
Gross derivative instruments, before netting			$	9,781,447		302,142						$	13,812,216		311,561
Less: Master netting agreements						31,881									31,881
Cash collateral pledged						251,212									80
Total derivative instruments, after netting						$	19,049								$	279,600

(1)The notional amount of interest rate swaps that were centrally-cleared through clearing housings was $69.6 million at March 31, 2025, and $71.1 million at December 31, 2024, for asset derivatives, and $1.2 million at March 31, 2025 and zero at December 31, 2024, for liability derivatives. Interest rate swaps that are centrally-cleared through clearing houses are “settled-to-market” and considered a single unit of account. In accordance with their rule books, clearing houses record the variation margin transferred for settled-to-market derivatives as a legal settlement of the derivative contract (i.e., the variation margin legally settles the outstanding exposure, but does not result in any other change or reset of the contractual terms of the derivative). The fair values of the Company’s settled-to-market interest rate swaps are presented net on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and approximated zero.

(2)Other derivatives not designated in hedge relationships include foreign currency forward contracts related to lending arrangements, a Visa equity swap transaction, and risk participation agreements. Notional amounts of risk participation agreements were $294.0 million at March 31, 2025, and $294.5 million at December 31, 2024, for asset derivatives, and $750.3 million at March 31, 2025, and $796.6 million at December 31, 2024, for liability derivatives, all of which had insignificant related fair values.

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The following tables represent the off-setting derivative financial instruments that are subject to master netting agreements:

			March 31, 2025
			Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets/Liabilities						Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position						Net Amounts of Assets/Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position						Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial position
(In thousands)																					Financial Instruments						Cash Collateral Pledged						Net Amount
Asset derivatives			$	212,510					$	44,248					$	168,262					$	—					$	168,060					$	202
Liability derivatives			54,077						44,248						9,829						—						8,940						889
			December 31, 2024
			Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets/Liabilities						Gross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial Position						Net Amounts of Assets/Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial Position						Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial position
(In thousands)																					Financial Instruments						Cash Collateral Pledged						Net Amount
Asset derivatives			$	283,185					$	31,881					$	251,304					$	—					$	251,212					$	92
Liability derivatives			32,218						31,881						337						—						80						257

Derivative Activity

The following table summarizes the income statement effect of derivatives designated in hedge relationships:

			Recognized In			Three months ended March 31,
(In thousands)			Net Interest Income			2025						2024
Fair value hedges:
Interest rate derivatives			Deposits interest expense			$	—					$	(1,320)
Hedged item			Deposits interest expense			—						—
Net recognized on fair value hedges (1)						$	—					$	1,320
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate derivatives			Long-term debt interest expense			$	—					$	34
Interest rate derivatives			Interest and fees on loans and leases			(3,255)						(10,764)
Net recognized on cash flow hedges						$	(3,255)					$	(10,798)

(1)The Company de-designated its fair value hedging relationship on $400.0 million of deposits, which pertained to a portion of Ametros’ member deposits, in 2023. The $1.3 million basis adjustment included in the carrying amount of deposits at December 31, 2023, was recognized in interest expense in January 2024 upon the acquisition of Ametros.

The following table summarizes the income statement effect of derivatives not designated in hedge relationships:

			Recognized In			Three months ended March 31,
(In thousands)			Non-interest Income			2025						2024
Interest rate derivatives			Other income			$	(2,824)					$	1,290
Mortgage banking derivatives			Mortgage banking activities			(13)						(22)
Other			Other income			(987)						1,277
Total not designated as hedging instruments						$	(3,824)					$	2,545

Derivative Exposure. At March 31, 2025, the Company had $177.7 million of cash collateral received and $8.9 million of cash collateral posted included in Cash and due from banks on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, the Company had $1.6 million in initial margin posted at clearing houses. The Company regularly evaluates the credit risk of its derivative customers, taking into account the likelihood of default, net exposures, and remaining contractual life, among other related factors. Credit risk exposure is mitigated as transactions with customers are generally secured by the same collateral of the underlying transactions. Current net credit exposure relating to derivatives with the Bank’s customers was $49.8 million at March 31, 2025. In addition, the Company monitors potential future exposure, representing its best estimate of exposure to remaining contractual maturity. The potential future exposure relating to derivatives with the Bank’s customers totaled $107.6 million at March 31, 2025. The Company has incorporated a credit valuation adjustment (contra-liability) to reflect non-performance risk in the fair value measurement of its derivatives, which totaled $5.3 million and $7.6 million at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. Various factors impact changes in the valuation adjustment over time, such as changes in the credit spreads of the contracted parties, and changes in market rates and volatilities, which affect the total expected exposure of the derivative instruments.

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Note 14: Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The determination of fair value may require the use of estimates when quoted market prices are not available. Fair value estimates made at a specific point in time are based on management’s judgments regarding future expected losses, current economic conditions, the risk characteristics of each financial instrument, and other subjective factors that cannot be determined with precision.

The framework for measuring fair value provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The three levels within the fair value hierarchy are as follows:

•Level 1: Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.

•Level 2: Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (i.e., interest rates, rate volatility, prepayment speeds, and credit ratings), or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data, correlation, or other means.

•Level 3: Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. This includes certain pricing models or other similar techniques that require significant management judgment or estimation.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Available-for-Sale Securities. When unadjusted quoted prices are available in an active market, the Company classifies its available-for-sale investment securities within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. When quoted market prices are not available, the Company employs an independent pricing service that utilizes matrix pricing to calculate fair value. These fair value measurements consider observable data, such as dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, yield curves, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayments speeds, credit information, and the respective terms and conditions for debt instruments. Management maintains procedures to monitor the pricing service’s results and has a process in place to challenge their valuations and methodologies. Government agency debentures, Municipal bonds and notes, Agency CMO, Agency MBS, Agency CMBS, CMBS, Corporate debt, Private label MBS, and Other available-for-sale securities are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Derivative Financial Instruments. The fair values presented for derivative financial instruments include any accrued interest. Foreign exchange contracts are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets and, accordingly, are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Except for mortgage banking derivatives, all other derivative financial instruments are valued using third-party valuation software, which considers the present value of cash flows discounted using observable forward rate assumptions. The resulting fair value is then validated against valuations performed by dealer counterparties. Credit valuation adjustments, which are included in the fair value of derivative financial instruments, utilize Level 3 inputs, such as estimates of current credit spreads to evaluate the likelihood of default by itself and its counterparties. When credit valuation adjustments are significant to the overall fair value of a derivative financial instrument, the Company classifies that derivative financial instrument in Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Otherwise, derivative financial instruments are generally classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, these credit valuation adjustments were not considered significant to the overall fair value of the Company’s derivative financial instruments.

Mortgage Banking Derivatives. The Company uses forward sales of mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities to manage the risk of loss associated with its mortgage loan commitments and mortgage loans held for sale. Prior to closing and funding certain single-family residential mortgage loans, an interest rate lock commitment is generally extended to the borrower. During this in-between time period, the Company is subject to the risk that market interest rates may change. If rates rise, investors generally will pay less to purchase mortgage loans, which would result in a reduction in the gain on sale of the loans, or possibly a loss. In an effort to mitigate this risk, forward delivery sales commitments are established in which the Company agrees to either deliver whole mortgage loans to various investors or issue mortgage-backed securities. The fair value of mortgage banking derivatives is determined based on current market prices for similar assets in the secondary market. Accordingly, mortgage banking derivatives are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Originated Loans Held For Sale. The Company has elected to measure originated residential mortgage loans held for sale at fair value under the fair value option per ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments. Electing to measure originated residential mortgage loans held for sale at fair value reduces certain timing differences and better reflects the price the Company would expect to receive from the sale of these loans. The fair value of originated residential mortgage loans held for sale is based on quoted market prices of similar loans sold in conjunction with securitization transactions. Accordingly, originated residential mortgage loans held for sale are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

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The following table compares the fair value to the UPB of originated residential mortgage loans held for sale:

			March 31, 2025																		December 31, 2024
(In thousands)			Fair Value						UPB						Difference						Fair Value						UPB						Difference
Originated loans held for sale			$	688					$	979					$	(291)					$	297					$	283					$	14

Rabbi Trust Investments. Investments held in each of the Company’s Rabbi Trusts consist primarily of mutual funds that invest in equity and fixed income securities. Shares of these mutual funds are valued based on the NAV as reported by the trustee of the funds, which represents quoted prices in active markets. Accordingly, the Rabbi Trusts’ investments are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the total cost basis of the investments held in the Rabbi Trusts was $9.4 million and $9.2 million, respectively.

Alternative Investments. Equity investments have a readily determinable fair value when unadjusted quoted prices are available in an active market for identical assets. Accordingly, these alternative investments are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. There were no equity investments with a readily determinable fair value at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024.

Equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value may qualify for the NAV practical expedient if they meet certain requirements. The Company’s alternative investments measured at NAV consist of investments in non-public entities that cannot be redeemed since investments are distributed as the underlying equity is liquidated. Alternative investments measured at NAV are not classified within the fair value hierarchy. At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, these alternative investments had a total carrying amount of $46.5 million and $43.4 million, respectively, and a remaining unfunded commitment of $31.5 million and $30.1 million, respectively.

Contingent Consideration. The Company recorded contingent consideration at fair value related to two earn-out agreements associated with the acquisition of interLINK in January 2023. The terms of the purchase agreement specified that the seller would receive earn-outs based on the ability of the Company to: (i) re-sign the existing broker dealers under contract, and (ii) generate $2.5 billion in new broker dealer deposit programs within three years of the acquisition date. The estimated fair values of the contingent consideration liabilities are measured on a recurring basis and determined using an income approach considering management’s evaluation of the probability of achievement, forecasted achievement date (payment term), and a discount rate equivalent to the cost of debt. These significant inputs, which are the responsibility of management and calculated with the assistance of a third-party valuation specialist, are not observable, and accordingly, are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

The following tables summarize the unobservable inputs used to derive the estimated fair value of the Company’s contingent consideration liabilities (dollars in thousands):

			March 31, 2025
Agreement			Maximum Amount			Probability of Achievement			Payment Term (in years)			Discount Rate			Fair Value
(i) Re-sign broker dealers			$	207		99.0 %			0.63			6.40 %			$	182
(ii) Deposit program growth (1) (2)			$	12,500		100.0 %			0.08			6.40 %			$	12,500

			December 31, 2024
Agreement			Maximum Amount			Probability of Achievement			Payment Term (in years)			Discount Rate			Fair Value
(i) Re-sign broker dealers			$	207		99.0 %			0.88			6.40 %			$	182
(ii) Deposit program growth			$	12,500		100.0 %			0.50			6.40 %			$	11,568

(1)During the first quarter of 2025, the Company re-evaluated its estimate of the forecasted achievement date (payment term) for the deposit program growth event earn-out, which resulted in a revised expected achievement date of April 30, 2025, instead of June 30, 2025. This change in estimate resulted in an increase in fair value of $0.9 million.

(2)The Company generated the required $2.5 billion in new broker dealer deposit programs in April 2025, which resulted in the cash payment of $12.5 million on April 22, 2025, to settle its contingent consideration obligation with StoneCastle Partners LLC in accordance with the purchase agreement.

Contingent consideration liabilities are included within Accrued expenses and other liabilities on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Any fair value adjustments to contingent consideration liabilities are included in Other expense on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

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The following tables summarize the fair values of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

			March 31, 2025
(In thousands)			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3						Total
Financial Assets:
Available-for-sale securities:
Government agency debentures			$	—		$	192,341		$	—					$	192,341
Municipal bonds and notes			—			109,294			—						109,294
Agency CMO			—			28,285			—						28,285
Agency MBS			—			4,758,155			—						4,758,155
Agency CMBS			—			3,156,300			—						3,156,300
CMBS			—			629,351			—						629,351
Corporate debt			—			437,930			—						437,930
Private label MBS			—			39,158			—						39,158
Other			—			9,283			—						9,283
Total available-for-sale securities			—			9,360,097			—						9,360,097
Gross derivative instruments, before netting (1)			152			262,197			—						262,349
Originated loans held for sale			—			688			—						688
Investments held in Rabbi Trusts			13,097			—			—						13,097
Alternative investments measured at NAV (2)			—			—			—						46,501
Total financial assets			$	13,249		$	9,622,982		$	—					$	9,682,732
Financial Liabilities:
Gross derivative instruments, before netting (1)			$	588		$	260,002		$	—					$	260,590
Contingent consideration			—			—			12,682						12,682
Total financial liabilities			$	588		$	260,002		$	12,682					$	273,272

			December 31, 2024
(In thousands)			Level 1			Level 2			Level 3						Total
Financial Assets:
Available-for-sale securities:
Government agency debentures			$	—		$	186,426		$	—					$	186,426
Municipal bonds and notes			—			110,876			—						110,876
Agency CMO			—			29,043			—						29,043
Agency MBS			—			4,519,785			—						4,519,785
Agency CMBS			—			3,034,392			—						3,034,392
CMBS			—			625,388			—						625,388
Corporate debt			—			452,266			—						452,266
Private label MBS			—			39,219			—						39,219
Other			—			9,205			—						9,205
Total available-for-sale securities			—			9,006,600			—						9,006,600
Gross derivative instruments, before netting (1)			1,263			300,879			—						302,142
Originated loans held for sale			—			297			—						297
Investments held in Rabbi Trusts			13,438			—			—						13,438
Alternative investments measured at NAV (2)			—			—			—						43,360
Total financial assets			$	14,701		$	9,307,776		$	—					$	9,365,837
Financial Liabilities:
Gross derivative instruments, before netting (1)			$	43		$	311,518		$	—					$	311,561
Contingent consideration			—			—			11,750						11,750
Total financial liabilities			$	43		$	311,518		$	11,750					$	323,311

(1)Additional information regarding the impact of netting derivative assets and derivative liabilities, as well as the impact from offsetting cash collateral with the same derivative counterparties, can be found within Note 13: Derivative Financial Instruments.

(2)Certain alternative investments are recorded at NAV. Assets measured at NAV are not classified within the fair value hierarchy.

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Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

The Company measures certain assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

Alternative Investments. The measurement alternative has been elected for alternative investments without readily determinable fair values that do not qualify for the NAV practical expedient. The measurement alternative requires investments to be measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus adjustments resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Accordingly, these alternative investments are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the carrying amount of these alternative investments was $69.4 million and $61.5 million, respectively, of which $5.4 million and $8.3 million, respectively, were considered to be measured at fair value. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, there was $1.2 million in total write-ups due to observable price changes, and no write-downs due to impairment. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company sold alternative investments with a carrying amount of $1.7 million, for which the measurement alternative was elected, for proceeds of $5.0 million, resulting in total gains on sale of $3.3 million.

Loans Transferred to Held for Sale. Once a decision has been made to sell loans that were not previously classified as held for sale, these loans are transferred into the held for sale category and carried at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. At the time of transfer and classification as held for sale, any amount by which cost exceeds fair value is accounted for as a valuation allowance. This activity generally pertains to loans with observable inputs and, therefore, are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. However, should these loans include adjustments for changes in loan characteristics based on unobservable inputs, the loans would then be classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, there were $63.2 million and $27.3 million, respectively, of loans on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet, that had been transferred to held for sale.

Collateral Dependent Loans and Leases. Loans and leases for which repayment is substantially expected to be provided through the operation or sale of collateral are considered collateral dependent, and are valued based on the estimated fair value of the collateral, less estimated costs to sell at the reporting date, using customized discounting criteria. Accordingly, collateral dependent loans and leases are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets. OREO and repossessed assets are held at the lower of cost or fair value and are considered to be measured at fair value when recorded below cost. The fair value of OREO is calculated using independent appraisals or internal valuation methods, less estimated selling costs, and may consider available pricing guides, auction results, and price opinions. Certain repossessed assets may also require assumptions about factors that are not observable in an active market when determining fair value. Accordingly, OREO and repossessed assets are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the total carrying value of OREO and repossessed assets was $0.3 million and $0.4 million, respectively. In addition, the amortized cost of consumer loans secured by residential real estate property that were in the process of foreclosure at March 31, 2025, was $12.0 million.

Estimated Fair Values of Financial Instruments

The Company is required to disclose the estimated fair values of certain financial instruments. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used to estimate fair value for those assets and liabilities.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. Given the short time frame to maturity, the carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, which is comprised of Cash and due from banks and Interest-bearing deposits, approximates fair value. Cash and cash equivalents are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.

Held-to-Maturity Securities. When quoted market prices are not available, the Company employs an independent pricing service that utilizes matrix pricing to calculate fair value. These fair value measurements consider observable data, such as dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, yield curves, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information, and the respective terms and conditions for debt instruments. Management maintains procedures to monitor the pricing service’s results and has a process in place to challenge their valuations and methodologies. Held-to-maturity securities, which include Agency CMO, Agency MBS, Agency CMBS, Municipal bonds and notes, and CMBS, are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Loans and Leases, net. Except for collateral dependent loans and leases, the fair value of loans and leases held for investment is estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology, based on future prepayments and market interest rates inclusive of an illiquidity discount for comparable loans and leases. The associated cash flows are then adjusted for associated credit risks and other potential losses, as appropriate. Loans and leases are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Deposit Liabilities. The fair value of deposit liabilities, which is comprised of demand deposits, interest-bearing checking, savings, health savings, and money market accounts, reflects the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. Deposit liabilities are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

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Time Deposits. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is estimated using rates that are currently offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities. Time deposits are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase and Federal Funds Purchased. The fair value of securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased that mature within 90 days approximates their carrying value. The fair value of securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased that mature after 90 days is estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology based on current market rates and adjusted for associated credit risks, as appropriate. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Federal Home Loan Bank Advances and Long-Term Debt. The fair value of FHLB advances and long-term debt is estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology in which discount rates are matched with the time period of the expected cash flows and adjusted for associated credit risks, as appropriate. FHLB advances and long-term debt are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

The following table summarizes the carrying amounts, estimated fair values, and classifications within the fair value hierarchy of selected financial instruments:

			March 31, 2025												December 31, 2024
(In thousands)			Carrying Amount						Fair Value						Carrying Amount						Fair Value
Assets:
Level 1
Cash and cash equivalents			$	2,512,276					$	2,512,276					$	2,074,434					$	2,074,434
Level 2
Held-to-maturity investment securities, net			8,297,927						7,404,724						8,444,191						7,453,123
Level 3
Loans and leases, net			52,342,902						50,536,923						51,815,602						50,245,305
Liabilities:
Level 2
Deposit liabilities			$	58,052,837					$	58,052,837					$	56,518,126					$	56,518,126
Time deposits			7,522,392						7,495,259						8,234,954						8,211,582
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and federal funds purchased			83,395						83,385						344,168						344,166
FHLB advances			2,910,011						2,907,940						2,110,108						2,107,790
Long-term debt (1)			907,410						906,286						909,185						860,200

(1)Any unamortized premiums/discounts, debt issuance costs, or basis adjustments to long-term debt, as applicable, are excluded from the determination of fair value.

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Note 15: Segment Reporting

The Company’s operations are organized into three reportable segments that represent its differentiated lines of business: Commercial Banking, Healthcare Financial Services, and Consumer Banking. The Company’s CODM is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. The CODM uses income before income taxes and the provision for credit losses, referred to as PPNR, to allocate resources, including financial and capital resources, employees, and property, for each segment predominantly in the annual budget and forecasting process. The CODM considers budget-to-actual variances on a monthly basis when making decisions about allocating resources to the segments. The CODM also uses PPNR to assess the performance of each segment and in the compensation of certain employees.

Commercial Banking delivers financial solutions both nationally and regionally to a wide range of companies, investors, government entities, and other public and private institutions. Commercial Banking helps its clients achieve their business and financial goals with expertise in Commercial & Institutional Lending, Commercial Real Estate, Capital Markets, Capital Finance, and Treasury Management. Its Private Banking team also pairs holistic wealth solutions, including tailored lending, with commercial banking services.

Healthcare Financial Services includes HSA Bank and Ametros. HSA Bank is one the country’s largest providers of employee benefits solutions, including being one of the leading bank administrators of HSAs, emergency savings accounts, and flexible spending accounts administration services in 50 states. Ametros, the nation’s largest professional administrator of medical insurance claim settlements, helps individuals manage their ongoing medical care through their CareGuard service and proprietary technology platform.

Consumer Banking delivers customized financial solutions for individuals and families, private clients, and small business owners across 196 banking centers throughout the Northeast. Consumer Banking offers a full suite of deposit, lending, treasury management, and wealth management solutions delivered by experienced relationship managers and financial advisors. Consumer Banking also provides a fully digital banking experience through its mobile banking apps and BrioDirect.

Corporate and Reconciling Category

Certain Treasury activities and other corporate and functional divisions, such as information technology, human resources, risk management, bank operations, and the operations of interLINK, and amounts required to reconcile non-GAAP profitability metrics to those reported in accordance with GAAP are included in the Corporate and Reconciling category.

In addition to the amounts required to reconcile non-GAAP profitability metrics (i.e., estimates for FTP, allocations of equity capital) to those reported in accordance with GAAP, revenues reported in the Corporate and Reconciling category also include gains and losses on sale of investment securities and insignificant revenues from contracts with customers attributable to interLINK. Neither the Treasury function nor interLINK operations meet the definition of an operating segment, and therefore, are not considered for determining reportable segments.

Total assets reported in the Corporate and Reconciling category consists primarily of cash and cash equivalents, investment securities, FHLB/FRB stock, and other assets. The ACL on loans and leases is also reported in Total assets in the Corporate and Reconciling category. A provision for credit losses is allocated from the Corporate and Reconciling category to Commercial Banking and Consumer Banking based on the expected loss content of their specific loan and lease portfolios over a 3-year period (non-GAAP). There is no provision for credit losses associated with Healthcare Financial Services since that segment does not originate nor acquire loans and leases. Business development expenses, which include merger-related expenses and other strategic initiatives and restructuring costs, are also generally included in the Corporate and Reconciling category.

Change in Reportable Segments

From time to time, the Company may make reclassifications among the reportable segments to more appropriately reflect management’s view of the business and/or based on changes in the Company’s organizational structure or product lines. Accordingly, the results derived are not necessarily comparable with similar financial information published by other financial institutions. Additionally, because of the interrelationships of the segments, the financial information presented is not indicative of how the segments would perform if they operated as independent entities.

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Segment Reporting Methodology

The Company uses an internal profitability reporting system to generate PPNR by reportable segment, which is comprised of direct revenues, direct expenses, estimates for FTP, and allocations for equity capital, net operating costs and total support costs. Since the majority of each reportable segment’s revenue is interest, each segment’s interest revenue is reported net of its interest expense (net interest income). Estimates for FTP and allocations of equity capital and non-interest expense, certain of which are subjective in nature, are periodically reviewed and refined. Equity capital is allocated using a combination of risk-weighted asset and management assessment methodologies across the differentiated lines of business. Net operating costs and total support costs, which reflect costs for shared services and back-office support areas, are allocated using an activity and driver-based costing process. The full profitability measurement reports, which are prepared for each reportable segment and reviewed by the CODM on a monthly basis, reflect non-GAAP reporting methodologies. The differences between full profitability and GAAP results are reconciled in the Corporate and Reconciling category.

The goal of FTP is to encourage loan and deposit growth consistent with the Company’s overall profitability objectives. The FTP process considers the specific interest rate risk and liquidity risk of financial instruments, other assets, and other liabilities included in each reportable segment. Loans and deposits are assigned FTP rates, and segments are charged a cost to fund loans and are paid a credit for deposit funds provided. Consideration is given to the origination date and the earlier of the maturity date or the repricing date of a financial instrument to assign an FTP rate for loans and deposits originated each day. Overall, the FTP process reflects the transfer of interest rate risk exposure to the Treasury function included within the Corporate and Reconciling category, where such exposures are centrally managed.

Financial Information

The following table presents certain balance sheet financial information for the Company’s reportable segments:

			March 31, 2025
(In thousands)			Commercial Banking			Healthcare Financial Services			Consumer Banking									Corporate and Reconciling			Consolidated Total
Goodwill			$	1,960,363		$	285,670		$	622,035								$	—		$	2,868,068
Total assets			43,207,484			481,222			13,296,178									23,294,866			80,279,750
			December 31, 2024
(In thousands)			Commercial Banking			Healthcare Financial Services			Consumer Banking									Corporate and Reconciling			Consolidated Total
Goodwill (1)			$	1,960,363		$	285,670		$	622,035								$	—		$	2,868,068
Total assets			43,010,580			488,194			12,932,260									22,594,039			79,025,073

(1)The allocation of the purchase price and goodwill calculation for the Ametros acquisition was considered final at December 31, 2024. The $228.2 million of goodwill recorded related to Ametros was allocated entirely to Healthcare Financial Services.

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The following tables present certain income statement information for the Company’s reportable segments:

			Three months ended March 31, 2025
(In thousands)			Commercial Banking			Healthcare Financial Services			Consumer Banking						Totals
Net interest income			$	319,123		$	96,361		$	202,064					$	617,548
Non-interest income			28,958			29,390			26,204						84,552
Total segment revenues			348,081			125,751			228,268						702,100
Reconciliation of revenue:
Corporate and reconciling															2,698
Total consolidated revenues															704,798
Less:
Compensation and benefits			52,109			23,337			37,284
Occupancy (1)			—			—			14,348
Technology and equipment (1)			2,111			8,764			3,049
Marketing			—			—			1,982
Other segment items (1) (2) (3)			52,362			23,619			65,993
Segment pre-tax, pre-provision net revenue			241,499			70,031			105,612						417,142
Reconciliation of pre-tax, pre-provision net revenue:
Corporate and reconciling															(55,988)
Total consolidated pre-tax, pre-provision net revenue															361,154
Total consolidated provision for credit losses															77,500
Total consolidated income before income taxes															283,654

(1)Occupancy and Technology and equipment include, in aggregate, an insignificant amount of depreciation expense for Commercial Banking, $1.5 million for Healthcare Financial Services, and $2.5 million for Consumer Banking.

(2)Other segment items for each reportable segment includes:

•Commercial Banking--occupancy, marketing, outside professional services, loan workout expense, foreclosed property expense, other non-interest expense, allocated net operating costs, and allocated total support costs.

•Healthcare Financial Services--occupancy, marketing, outside professional services, other non-interest expense, allocated net operating costs, and allocated total support costs.

•Consumer Banking--outside professional services, loan workout expense, foreclosed property expense, other-non interest expense, allocated net operating costs, and allocated total support costs.

(3)Intangible assets amortization, which is a component of other non-interest expense presented in other segment items, was $2.8 million for Commercial Banking, $3.5 million for Healthcare Financial Services, and $1.8 million for Consumer Banking.

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			Three months ended March 31, 2024
(In thousands)			Commercial Banking			Healthcare Financial Services			Consumer Banking						Totals
Net interest income			$	341,942		$	86,138		$	205,777					$	633,857
Non-interest income			34,280			31,061			33,978						99,319
Total segment revenues			376,222			117,199			239,755						733,176
Reconciliation of revenue:
Corporate and reconciling															(66,084)
Total consolidated revenues															667,092
Less:
Compensation and benefits			50,758			21,362			36,895
Occupancy (1)			—			—			14,538
Technology and equipment (1)			1,958			8,006			2,428
Marketing			—			—			1,847
Other segment items (1) (2) (3)			53,509			22,759			64,413
Segment pre-tax, pre-provision net revenue			269,997			65,072			119,634						454,703
Reconciliation of pre-tax, pre-provision net revenue:
Corporate and reconciling															(123,534)
Total consolidated pre-tax, pre-provision net revenue															331,169
Total consolidated provision for credit losses															45,500
Total consolidated income before income taxes															285,669

(1)Occupancy and Technology and equipment include, in aggregate, an insignificant amount of depreciation expense for Commercial Banking, $1.3 million for Healthcare Financial Services, and $2.3 million for Consumer Banking.

(2)Other segment items for each reportable segment includes:

•Commercial Banking--occupancy, marketing, outside professional services, loan workout expense, foreclosed property expense, other non-interest expense, allocated net operating costs, and allocated total support costs.

•Healthcare Financial Services--occupancy, marketing, outside professional services, other non-interest expense, allocated net operating costs, and allocated total support costs.

•Consumer Banking--outside professional services, loan workout expense, foreclosed property expense, other-non interest expense, allocated net operating costs, and allocated total support costs.

(3)Intangible assets amortization, which is a component of other non-interest expense presented in other segment items, was $3.0 million for Commercial Banking, $2.6 million for Healthcare Financial Services, and $2.2 million for Consumer Banking.

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Note 16: Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The following tables summarize revenues recognized in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. These disaggregated amounts, together with sources of other non-interest income that are subject to other GAAP topics, have been reconciled to non-interest income by reportable segment as presented within Note 15: Segment Reporting.

			Three months ended March 31, 2025
(In thousands)			Commercial Banking			Healthcare Financial Services			Consumer Banking						Corporate and Reconciling			Consolidated Total
Non-interest Income:
Deposit service fees			$	4,739		$	19,069		$	15,294					$	(207)		$	38,895
Loan and lease related fees (1)			2,225			—			—						—			2,225
Wealth and investment services			3,316			—			4,478						(5)			7,789
Other (2)			—			10,300			417						1,152			11,869
Revenue from contracts with customers			10,280			29,369			20,189						940			60,778
Other sources of non-interest income			18,678			21			6,015						7,114			31,828
Total non-interest income			$	28,958		$	29,390		$	26,204					$	8,054		$	92,606

			Three months ended March 31, 2024
(In thousands)			Commercial Banking			Healthcare Financial Services			Consumer Banking						Corporate and Reconciling			Consolidated Total
Non-interest Income:
Deposit service fees			$	5,842		$	22,052		$	14,796					$	(101)		$	42,589
Loan and lease related fees (1)			3,622			—			—						—			3,622
Wealth and investment services			3,178			—			4,751						(5)			7,924
Other (2)			—			9,009			(183)						1,044			9,870
Revenue from contracts with customers			12,642			31,061			19,364						938			64,005
Other sources of non-interest income			21,638			—			14,614						(904)			35,348
Total non-interest income			$	34,280		$	31,061		$	33,978					$	34		$	99,353

(1)A portion of Loan and lease related fees on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income is comprised of income generated from factored receivables activities (through the third quarter of 2024 only) and payroll financing activities that is within the scope of ASC Topic 606.

(2)Other income included in the Corporate and Reconciling category that is in scope of ASC Topic 606 is comprised entirely of insignificant fee revenue from contracts with customers attributable to interLINK.

Major Revenue Streams

Deposit Service Fees. The deposit service fees revenue stream consists of fees earned from commercial and consumer customer deposit accounts, such as account maintenance and cash management/analysis fees, as well as other transactional service charges (i.e., insufficient funds, wire transfers, stop payment fees, etc.). Performance obligations for account maintenance services and cash management/analysis fees are satisfied on a monthly basis at a fixed transaction price, whereas performance obligations for other deposit service charges that result from various customer-initiated transactions are satisfied at a point-in-time when the service is rendered. Payment for deposit service fees is generally received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to the customers’ accounts. Certain commercial customer contracts include credit clauses, whereby the Company will grant credit upon the customer meeting pre-determined conditions, which can be used to offset fees. In addition, certain healthcare financial services contracts include revenue share clauses, whereby the Company will reduce or refund deposit service fees or make referral payments to attract and retain customers and their accounts. Such revenue share costs are recognized as a reduction to revenue in the period incurred. On occasion, the Company may also waive certain fees. Fee waivers are recognized as a reduction to revenue in the period the waiver is granted to the customer.

The deposit service fees revenue stream also includes interchange fees earned from debit and credit card transactions. The transaction price for interchange services is based on the transaction value and the interchange rate set by the card network. Performance obligations for interchange fees are satisfied at a point-in-time when the cardholders’ transaction is authorized and settled. Payment for interchange fees is generally received immediately or in the following month.

Loan and Lease Related Fees. The Company sold its factored receivables loan portfolio, which included the related customer contracts, in the third quarter of 2024. Additional information regarding the Company’s sale of its factored receivables portfolio can be found within Note 5: Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Prior to the completion of that transaction, the Company recognized factored receivables non-interest income from fees earned from accounts receivable management services. The Company factored accounts receivable, with and

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without recourse, for customers whereby the Company purchased their accounts receivable at a discount and assumed the risk, as applicable, and ownership of the assets through direct cash receipt from the end consumer. Factoring services were performed in exchange for a non-refundable fee at a transaction price based on a percentage of the gross invoice amount of each receivable purchased, subject to a minimum required amount. The performance obligation for factoring services was generally satisfied at a point-in-time when the receivable was assigned to the Company. However, if the commission earned did not meet or exceed the minimum required annual amount, the difference between that and the actual amount was recognized at the end of the contract term. Other fees associated with factoring receivables included wire transfer and technology fees, field examination fees, and Uniform Commercial Code fees, where the performance obligations were satisfied at a point-in-time when the services were rendered. Payment from the customer for factoring services was generally received immediately or within the following month.

Payroll finance non-interest income consists of fees earned from performing payroll financing and business process outsourcing services, including full back-office technology and tax accounting services, along with payroll preparation, making payroll tax payments, invoice billings, and collections for independently-owned temporary staffing companies nationwide. Performance obligations for payroll finance and business processing activities are either satisfied upon completion of the support services or as payroll remittances are made on behalf of customers to fund their employee payroll, which generally occurs on a weekly basis. The agreed-upon transaction price is based on a fixed-percentage per the terms of the contract, which could be subject to a hold-back reserve to provide for any balances that are assessed to be at risk of collection. When the Company collects on amounts due from end consumers on behalf of its customers and at the time of financing payroll, the Company retains the agreed-upon transaction price payable for the performance of its services and remits an amount to the customer net of any advances and payroll tax withholdings, as applicable.

Wealth and Investment Services. Wealth and investment services consist of fees earned from asset management, trust administration, and investment advisory services, and through facilitating securities transactions. Performance obligations for asset management and trust administration services are satisfied on a monthly or quarterly basis at a transaction price based on a percentage of the period-end market value of the assets under administration. Payment for asset management and trust administration services is generally received a few days after period-end through a direct charge to the customers’ accounts. Performance obligations for investment advisory services are satisfied over the period in which the services are provided through a time-based measurement of progress, and the agreed-upon transaction price with the customer varies depending on the nature of the services performed. Performance obligations for facilitating securities transactions are satisfied at a point-in-time when the securities are sold at a transaction price that is based on a percentage of the contract value. Payment for both investment advisory services and facilitating securities transactions may be received in advance of the service, but generally is received immediately or in the following period, in arrears.

Other Income - Ametros. Other income for the Healthcare Financial Services segment primarily includes revenues recognized in connection with contracts with customers from the acquired Ametros business. The nature of such revenue primarily pertains to income earned from arranging sales of in-network products and services, which is recognized at a point in time. Under the terms of these arrangements, the Company has determined that it acts in the capacity as an agent and, therefore, records revenue on a net basis. Other income related to Ametros also includes revenues earned from providing post-settlement medical management and compliance services, which are recognized over time.

The Company evaluates its contracts with Ametros customers for material rights, or options, to acquire additional goods or services for free or at a discount. The contracts for post-settlement medical management and compliance services contain renewal options that represent a material right, which is recognized as a separate performance obligation at the inception of the arrangement. The Company allocates the transaction price to material rights using the practical alternative, which allocates the transaction price to the services expected to be provided and the corresponding expected consideration. Material rights are recognized at the time the service is transferred or when the option expires.

In addition, a fixed, non-refundable fee that represents an advance payment for access to future services is initially deferred and subsequently amortized into other income ratably over the estimated life expectancy of the member. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024, $0.5 million and $0.3 million, respectively, of such deferred revenue was recognized in Other income.

Contract Balances and Deferred Costs

Contracts with customers generated accounts receivable, deferred costs, and deferred revenue of $3.0 million, $3.8 million, and $23.3 million, respectively, at March 31, 2025, and $2.7 million, $3.0 million and $22.8 million, respectively at
December 31, 2024. All of these balances pertain to contracts with customers from the acquired Ametros business.

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Note 17: Commitments and Contingencies

Credit-Related Financial Instruments

In the normal course of business, the Company offers financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, and commercial letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk.

The following table summarizes the outstanding amounts of credit-related financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk:

(In thousands)			March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
Commitments to extend credit			$	11,951,465					$	11,630,765
Standby letters of credit			582,193						578,912
Commercial letters of credit			38,658						28,287
Total credit-related financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk			$	12,572,316					$	12,237,964

The Company enters into contractual commitments to extend credit to its customers (i.e., revolving credit arrangements, term loan commitments, and short-term borrowing agreements), generally with fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and that require payment of a fee. Substantially all of the Company’s commitments to extend credit are contingent upon its customers maintaining specific credit standards at the time of loan funding, and are often secured by real estate collateral. Since the majority of the Company’s commitments typically expire without being funded, the total contractual amount does not necessarily represent the Company’s future payment requirements.

Standby letters of credit are written conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee its customers’ performance to a third party. In the event the customer does not perform in accordance with the terms of its agreement with a third-party, the Company would be required to fund the commitment. The contractual amount of each standby letter of credit represents the maximum amount of potential future payments the Company could be required to make. Historically, the majority of the Company’s standby letters of credit expire without being funded. However, if the commitment were funded, the Company has recourse against the customer. The Company’s standby letter of credit agreements are often secured by cash or other collateral.

Commercial letters of credit are issued to finance either domestic or foreign customer trade arrangements. As a general rule, drafts are committed to be drawn when the goods underlying the transaction are in transit. Similar to standby letters of credit, the Company’s commercial letter of credit agreements are often secured by the underlying goods subject to trade.

Allowance for Credit Losses on Unfunded Loan Commitments

An ACL is recorded under the CECL methodology to provide for the unused portion of commitments to lend that are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company. At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the ACL on unfunded loan commitments was $21.4 million and $22.6 million, respectively.Litigation

The Company is subject to certain legal proceedings and unasserted claims and assessments in the ordinary course of business. Legal contingencies are evaluated based on information currently available, including advice of counsel and assessment of available insurance coverage. The Company establishes an accrual for specific legal matters when it determines that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable and the loss is reasonably estimable. Once established, each accrual is adjusted to reflect any subsequent developments. Legal contingencies are subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable rulings may occur that could cause the Company to either adjust its litigation accrual or incur actual losses that exceed the current estimate, which ultimately could have a material adverse effect, either individually or in the aggregate, on its business, financial condition, or operating results. The Company will consider settlement of cases when it is in the best interest of the Company and its stakeholders. The Company intends to defend itself in all claims asserted against it, and management currently believes that the outcome of these contingencies will not be material, either individually or in the aggregate, to the Company or its consolidated financial position.

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Special Assessment

On November 29, 2023, the FDIC published a final rule implementing a special assessment for certain banks to recover losses incurred by protecting uninsured depositors of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank upon their failure in March 2023. The special assessment is to be collected for an anticipated total of ten quarterly assessment periods, which began during the second quarter of 2024. At March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the Company’s remaining accrual for its estimated special assessment charge was $33.9 million and $39.8 million, respectively. The FDIC retains the right to cease collection early, extend the special assessment collection period, and impose shortfall special assessments if actual losses exceed the amounts collected. The Company continues to monitor the estimated loss attributable to the protection of uninsured depositors at Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank, which could impact the amount of its accrued liability.

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Note 18: Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events from the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and accompanying Notes thereto, through the date of issuance, and determined that, except for the increase to the Company’s common stock repurchase authority under its existing share repurchase plan, as discussed in Note 8: Stockholders’ Equity, and the settlement of a contingent consideration obligation, as discussed in Note 14: Fair Value Measurements, no other significant events were identified requiring recognition or disclosure.

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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Information regarding quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk can be found in Part I within Note 13: Derivative Financial Instruments in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 1. Financial Statements, and under the section captioned “Asset/Liability Management and Market Risk” contained in Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, which are incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer (who is our principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (who is our principal financial officer), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), as of March 31, 2025. The term “disclosure controls and procedures” means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive officer and principal financial officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of March 31, 2025, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended March 31, 2025, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

Because of its inherent limitations, management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Information regarding legal proceedings can be found within Note 17: Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements, which is incorporated herein by reference.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The following table provides information with respect to any purchase of the Company’s common stock made by or on behalf of the Company or any “affiliated purchaser,” as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, during the three months ended March 31, 2025:

Period			Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)			Average Price Paid Per Share (2)			Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs			Maximum Dollar Amount Available for Purchase Under the Plans or Programs (3)
January 1, 2025 - January 31, 2025			11,283			$	57.65		—			$	227,952,190
February 1, 2025 - February 28, 2025			26,119			60.23			—			227,952,190
March 1, 2025 - March 31, 2025			3,916,725			51.20			3,569,454			46,965,594
Total			3,954,127			51.28			3,569,454			46,965,594

(1)During the three months ended March 31, 2025, 384,673 of the total number of shares purchased were acquired at market prices outside of the Company’s common stock repurchase program and related to employee share-based compensation plan activity.

(2)The average price paid per share is calculated on a trade date basis and includes commissions and other transaction costs.

(3)The Company maintains a common stock repurchase program, which was approved by the Board of Directors on October 24, 2017, that permits management to repurchase shares of Webster common stock in open market or private transactions, through block trades, and pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the SEC, subject to the availability and trading price of stock, general market conditions, alternative uses for capital, regulatory considerations, and the Company’s financial performance. On April 30, 2025, the Board of Directors increased management’s authority to repurchase shares of Webster common stock under the repurchase program by $700.0 million. This existing repurchase program will remain in effect until fully utilized or until modified, superseded, or terminated.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

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ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

No director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K, during the quarter ended March 31, 2025.

Following the end of our most recent fiscal quarter, John Ciulla, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, entered into a 10b5-1 trading arrangement with a brokerage firm, intended to satisfy the affirmative defense of Rule 10b5-1(c), on April 30, 2025 for trades over a period of time from August 1, 2025 until August 3, 2026, or such earlier time as when 32,000 shares of Webster common stock are sold.

Effective April 1, 2025, the Company promoted Neal Holland to Senior Executive Vice President, to serve in such capacity until his successor is duly appointed, or his earlier termination, resignation, death or removal from office. Mr. Holland will continue to serve as Chief Financial Officer of the Company.

In connection with Mr. Holland’s promotion, on May 7, 2025, the Company entered into an amendment to Mr. Holland’s Change in Control Agreement, dated as of July 15, 2024, which provides that if his employment is terminated by the Company other than for cause, death or disability or by him for good reason, subject to an effective release of claims in favor of the Company, he will be entitled to: (i) an amount equal to three times the sum of his annual base salary and target annual cash incentive; (ii) an amount equal to the cost of the annual COBRA premiums for group health care plan coverage for a period of three years; and (iii) a payment equal to the sum of all Company contributions under the Company’s qualified defined contribution plans and any excess or supplemental defined contribution plans for three years. The foregoing summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the amendment to Mr. Holland’s Change in Control Agreement, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 10.1 to this report.

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

A list of exhibits to this Form 10-Q is set forth below.

Exhibit Number

Exhibit Description

Exhibit Included

Incorporated by Reference

Form

Exhibit

Filing Date

3

Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws

3.1

Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation

10-Q

3.1

8/9/2016

3.2.1

Certificate of Amendment to Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Webster Financial Corporation, effective as of April 28, 2023

8-K

3.1

4/28/2023

3.2.2

Certificate of Amendment to Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Webster Financial Corporation, effective as of January 31, 2022

8-K

3.2

2/1/2022

3.3

Certificate of Designations establishing the rights of the Company's 8.50% Series A Non-Cumulative Perpetual Convertible Preferred Stock

8-K

3.1

6/11/2008

3.4

Certificate of Designations establishing the rights of the Company’s Fixed Rate Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock, Series B

8-K

3.1

11/24/2008

3.5

Certificate of Designations establishing the rights of the Company’s Perpetual Participating Preferred Stock, Series C

8-K

3.1

7/31/2009

3.6

Certificate of Designations establishing the rights of the Company’s Non-Voting Perpetual Participating Preferred Stock, Series D

8-K

3.2

7/31/2009

3.7

Certificate of Designations establishing the rights of the Company’s 6.40% Series E Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock

8-A12B

3.3

12/4/2012

3.8

Certificate of Designations establishing the rights of the Company’s 5.25% Series F Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock

8-A12B

3.3

12/12/2017

3.9

Certificate of Designations establishing the rights of the Company’s 6.50% Series G Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock

8-A12B

3.4

2/1/2022

3.10

Bylaws, as amended effective March 15, 2020

8-K

3.1

3/17/2020

3.11

Amendment to Bylaws of Webster Financial Corporation, effective as of January 31, 2022

8-K

3.5

2/1/2022

10.1

Amendment to Change in Control Agreement, dated as of May 7, 2025, by and between Webster Financial Corporation and William Neal Holland

X

31.1

Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, signed by the Chief Executive Officer.

X

31.2

Certification pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, signed by the Chief Financial Officer.

X

32.1

Written statement pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, signed by the Chief Executive Officer.

X (1)

32.2

Written statement pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, signed by the Chief Financial Officer.

X (1)

101

The following financial information from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL) includes: (i) Cover Page, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, (vi) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (vii) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged in summary and in detail.

X

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

X

(1)Exhibit is furnished herewith and shall not be deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

WEBSTER FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Registrant)

Date: May 9, 2025

By:

/s/ John R. Ciulla

John R. Ciulla

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May 9, 2025

By:

/s/ Neal Holland

Neal Holland

Senior Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)

Date: May 9, 2025

By:

/s/ Albert J. Wang

Albert J. Wang

Executive Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

(Principal Accounting Officer)

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