an-20250331

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☑			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 1-13107

AUTONATION, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

73-1105145

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

200 SW 1st Avenue

Fort Lauderdale

Florida

33301

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(954)769-6000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common stock, par value $0.01 per share

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No þ

As of April 23, 2025, the registrant had 37,701,138 shares of common stock outstanding.

AUTONATION, INC.

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS


PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
		Page
Item 1.	Financial Statements
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024	1
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	2
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	3
	Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	4
	Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	52
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	53
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	54
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	55
Item 5.	Other Information	55
Item 6.	Exhibits	56

Table of C ontents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AUTONATION, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In millions, except share and per share data)


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
ASSETS
CURRENT ASSETS:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	70.5	$	59.8
Receivables, net	1,023.3		1,066.3
Inventory	3,231.6		3,360.0
Other current assets	223.9		211.9
Total Current Assets	4,549.3		4,698.0
AUTO LOANS RECEIVABLE, net of allowance for credit losses of $66.9 million and $54.8 million, respectively	1,397.7		1,057.1
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, net of accumulated depreciation of $2.4 billion and $2.3 billion, respectively	3,795.2		3,791.9
OPERATING LEASE ASSETS	463.1		391.1
GOODWILL	1,452.9		1,452.9
OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET	966.2		905.9
OTHER ASSETS	701.2		704.8
Total Assets	$	13,325.6	$	13,001.7
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CURRENT LIABILITIES:
Vehicle floorplan payable - trade	$	2,029.6	$	2,216.2
Vehicle floorplan payable - non-trade	1,529.3		1,493.5
Accounts payable	331.5		376.6
Commercial paper	340.0		630.0
Current maturities of long-term debt	518.2		518.5
Current portion of non-recourse debt	41.3		28.3

Other current liabilities	1,091.5		1,049.1
Total Current Liabilities	5,881.4		6,312.2
LONG-TERM DEBT, NET OF CURRENT MATURITIES	3,104.5		2,613.6
NON-RECOURSE DEBT, NET OF CURRENT PORTION	1,038.9		797.7
NONCURRENT OPERATING LEASE LIABILITIES	430.3		356.9
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES	86.0		83.1
OTHER LIABILITIES	381.3		380.9
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 15)
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY:

Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; 1,500,000,000 shares authorized; 63,562,149 shares issued at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, including shares held in treasury	0.6		0.6
Additional paid-in capital	3.3		20.3
Retained earnings	5,502.5		5,331.8
Treasury stock, at cost; 25,677,029 and 24,527,869 shares held, respectively	(3,103.2)		(2,895.4)
Total Shareholders’ Equity	2,403.2		2,457.3
Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity	$	13,325.6	$	13,001.7

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of C ontents

AUTONATION, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

(In millions, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2025		2024
Revenue:
New vehicle	$	3,248.1	$	2,979.3
Used vehicle	1,922.4		1,996.1
Parts and service	1,164.0		1,172.4
Finance and insurance, net	352.5		334.7
Other	3.4		3.2
TOTAL REVENUE	6,690.4		6,485.7
Cost of sales:
New vehicle	3,073.2		2,783.4
Used vehicle	1,797.9		1,884.6
Parts and service	596.3		616.6
Other	3.1		3.2
TOTAL COST OF SALES	5,470.5		5,287.8
Gross profit:
New vehicle	174.9		195.9
Used vehicle	124.5		111.5
Parts and service	567.7		555.8
Finance and insurance	352.5		334.7
Other	0.3		—
TOTAL GROSS PROFIT	1,219.9		1,197.9
AUTONATION FINANCE INCOME (LOSS)	0.1		(5.0)
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	821.9		793.1
Depreciation and amortization	61.8		58.3


Other expense, net	0.3		1.2
OPERATING INCOME	336.0		340.3
Non-operating income (expense) items:
Floorplan interest expense	(46.5)		(49.4)
Other interest expense	(42.3)		(44.6)
Other income (loss), net	(13.2)		7.0
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	234.0		253.3
Income tax provision	58.5		63.2
NET INCOME	$	175.5	$	190.1
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE:
Earnings per share	$	4.50	$	4.53
Weighted average common shares outstanding	39.0		42.0
DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE:
Earnings per share	$	4.45	$	4.49
Weighted average common shares outstanding	39.4		42.3
COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING, net of treasury stock, at period end	37.9		41.6

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of C ontents

AUTONATION, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In millions, except share data)


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Total
	Shares	Amount
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2024	63,562,149	$	0.6	$	20.3	$	5,331.8	$	(2,895.4)	$	2,457.3
Net income	—	—		—		175.5		—		175.5
Repurchases of common stock, including excise tax	—	—		—		—		(226.6)		(226.6)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		16.7		—		—		16.7
Shares awarded under stock-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for taxes	—	—		(33.7)		(4.8)		18.8		(19.7)











BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 2025	63,562,149	$	0.6	$	3.3	$	5,502.5	$	(3,103.2)	$	2,403.2


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Earnings		Treasury Stock		Total
	Shares	Amount
BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2023	63,562,149	$	0.6	$	22.4	$	4,643.0	$	(2,454.6)	$	2,211.4
Net income	—	—		—		190.1		—		190.1
Repurchases of common stock, including excise tax	—	—		—		—		(38.8)		(38.8)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		14.1		—		—		14.1
Shares awarded under stock-based compensation plans, net of shares withheld for taxes	—	—		(34.5)		(3.4)		20.9		(17.0)












BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 2024	63,562,149	$	0.6	$	2.0	$	4,829.7	$	(2,472.5)	$	2,359.8

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Table of C ontents

AUTONATION, INC.

UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In millions)


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2025		2024
CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	175.5	$	190.1
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	61.8		58.3
Amortization of debt issuance costs and accretion of debt discounts	2.0		2.3
Stock-based compensation expense	16.7		14.1
Provision for credit losses on auto loans receivable	19.2		10.2
Deferred income tax provision	2.9		1.3




Loss on equity investments	11.5		0.4

Loss (gain) on corporate-owned life insurance asset	1.9		(7.3)

Other	(1.7)		0.7
(Increase) decrease, net of effects from business acquisitions and divestitures:
Receivables	43.0		160.4
Auto loans receivable, net	(365.4)		(149.5)
Inventory	169.2		(26.1)
Other assets	29.8		(11.9)
Increase (decrease), net of effects from business acquisitions and divestitures:
Vehicle floorplan payable - trade	(186.5)		36.0
Accounts payable	(45.4)		2.2
Other liabilities	13.0		13.3
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	(52.5)		294.5
CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property and equipment	(75.2)		(93.7)




Cash paid for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(69.6)		—

Collections on auto loans receivable acquired through third-party dealers	5.7		23.9





Other	3.0		0.5
Net cash used in investing activities	(136.1)		(69.3)
CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repurchases of common stock	(220.6)		(38.7)
Proceeds from 5.89% Senior Notes due 2035	500.0		—


Net payments of commercial paper	(290.0)		(155.0)
Proceeds from non-recourse debt	407.0		214.0
Payments of non-recourse debt	(153.0)		(127.7)
Payment of debt issuance costs	(4.9)		—
Net payments of vehicle floorplan payable - non-trade	(0.9)		(93.5)
Payments of other debt obligations	(3.3)		(3.2)
Payments of tax withholdings for stock-based awards	(19.9)		(17.1)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options	0.2		0.1
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	214.6		(221.1)
INCREASE IN CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH	26.0		4.1
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH at beginning of period	103.4		77.0
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH at end of period	$	129.4	$	81.1

See accompanying Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

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AUTONATION, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(In millions, except per share data)

1.INTERIM FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Business and Basis of Presentation

AutoNation, Inc., through its subsidiaries, is one of the largest automotive retailers in the United States. As of March 31, 2025, we owned and operated 322 new vehicle franchises from 244 stores located in the United States, predominantly in major metropolitan markets in the Sunbelt region. Our stores sell 30 different new vehicle brands. The core brands of new vehicles that we sell, representing approximately 88% of the new vehicles that we sold during the three months ended March 31, 2025, are manufactured by Toyota (including Lexus), Honda, Ford, General Motors, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Stellantis, and Volkswagen (including Audi and Porsche). As of March 31, 2025, we also owned and operated 52 AutoNation-branded collision centers, 26 AutoNation USA used vehicle stores, 4 AutoNation-branded automotive auction operations, 3 parts distribution centers, a mobile automotive repair and maintenance business, and an auto finance company.

We offer a diversified range of automotive products and services, including new vehicles, used vehicles, “parts and service” (also referred to as “After-Sales”), which includes automotive repair and maintenance services as well as wholesale parts and collision businesses, and automotive “finance and insurance” products (also referred to as “Customer Financial Services”), which include vehicle service and other protection products, as well as the arranging of financing for vehicle purchases through third-party finance sources. We also offer indirect financing through our captive finance company on vehicles we sell. For convenience, the terms “AutoNation,” “Company,” and “we” are used to refer collectively to AutoNation, Inc. and its subsidiaries, unless otherwise required by the context. Our store and other operations are conducted by our subsidiaries.

The accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of AutoNation, Inc. and its subsidiaries; intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. Additionally, operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that can be expected for a full year. The Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements herein should be read in conjunction with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included within our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K. These Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements reflect, in the opinion of management, all material adjustments (which include only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to fairly state, in all material respects, our financial position and results of operations for the periods presented.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. In preparing these financial statements, management has made its best estimates and judgments of certain amounts included in the financial statements. We base our estimates and judgments on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable. However, application of these accounting policies involves the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties and, as a result, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. We periodically evaluate estimates and assumptions used in the preparation of the financial statements and make changes on a prospective basis when adjustments are necessary. Such estimates and assumptions affect, among other things, our goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible asset, and long-lived asset valuations; inventory valuation; equity investment valuation; assets held for sale; assessments of variable consideration and related constraints associated with retrospective commissions; accruals for chargebacks against revenue recognized from the sale of finance and insurance products; accruals related to self-insurance programs; certain legal proceedings; assessment of the annual income tax expense; valuation of deferred income taxes and income tax contingencies; the allowance for expected credit losses; and measurement of performance-based compensation costs.

Certain reclassifications of amounts previously reported have been made to the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in order to maintain consistency and comparability between periods presented.

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AUTONATION, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Continued)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, that requires presentation of specific categories of reconciling items, as well as reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold, in the reconciliation between the income tax provision and the income tax provision using statutory tax rates. The standard also requires disclosure of income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction with separate disclosure of income taxes paid to individual jurisdictions that meet a quantitative threshold. The amendments in this accounting standard are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, on a prospective basis. Early adoption and retrospective application are permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this accounting standard to have an impact on our consolidated financial statements, but will require certain additional disclosures.

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, that requires disclosure of the amounts of purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, and intangible asset amortization included in each relevant expense line item on the income statement. The standard also requires a qualitative description of other amounts included in each relevant expense line item on the income statement that are not separately disclosed. In addition, entities are required to disclose the nature and amount of selling expenses. The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. We do not expect the adoption of this accounting standard to have an impact on our consolidated financial statements, but will require certain additional disclosures.

2.REVENUE RECOGNITION

Disaggregation of Revenue

The significant majority of our revenue is from contracts with customers. Taxes assessed by governmental authorities that are directly imposed on revenue transactions are excluded from revenue and expenses. In the following tables, revenue is disaggregated by major lines of goods and services and timing of transfer of goods and services. The tables also include a reconciliation of the disaggregated revenue to reportable segment revenue.


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
	Domestic		Import		Premium Luxury		Corporate and other(1)		Total
Major Goods/Service Lines
New vehicle	$	860.2	$	1,062.0	$	1,325.9	$	—	$	3,248.1
Used vehicle	486.1		546.7		712.1		177.5		1,922.4
Parts and service	269.0		318.6		424.4		152.0		1,164.0
Finance and insurance, net	101.8		118.5		114.1		18.1		352.5
Other	0.3		1.5		—		1.6		3.4
	$	1,717.4	$	2,047.3	$	2,576.5	$	349.2	$	6,690.4

Timing of Revenue Recognition
Goods and services transferred at a point in time	$	1,509.4	$	1,790.5	$	2,207.3	$	245.3	$	5,752.5
Goods and services transferred over time(2)	208.0		256.8		369.2		103.9		937.9
	$	1,717.4	$	2,047.3	$	2,576.5	$	349.2	$	6,690.4

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AUTONATION, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Continued)


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Domestic		Import		Premium Luxury		Corporate and other(1)		Total
Major Goods/Service Lines
New vehicle	$	814.4	$	1,006.8	$	1,158.1	$	—	$	2,979.3
Used vehicle	543.0		557.2		736.2		159.7		1,996.1
Parts and service	302.1		294.7		417.2		158.4		1,172.4
Finance and insurance, net	97.0		119.2		103.3		15.2		334.7
Other	0.2		1.6		0.1		1.3		3.2
	$	1,756.7	$	1,979.5	$	2,414.9	$	334.6	$	6,485.7

Timing of Revenue Recognition
Goods and services transferred at a point in time	$	1,538.3	$	1,748.3	$	2,057.9	$	229.1	$	5,573.6
Goods and services transferred over time(2)	218.4		231.2		357.0		105.5		912.1
	$	1,756.7	$	1,979.5	$	2,414.9	$	334.6	$	6,485.7

(1) “Corporate and other” is comprised of our non-franchised businesses, including AutoNation USA used vehicle stores, collision centers, parts distribution centers, auction operations, and AutoNation Mobile Service.

(2) Represents revenue recognized during the period for automotive repair and maintenance services.

Transaction Price Allocated to Remaining Performance Obligations

We sell a vehicle maintenance program (the AutoNation Vehicle Care Program or “VCP”) under which a customer purchases a specific number of maintenance services to be redeemed at an AutoNation location over a five-year term from the date of purchase. We satisfy our performance obligations related to this program and recognize revenue as the maintenance services are rendered, since the customer benefits when we have completed the maintenance service.

The following table includes estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to VCP performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period:


	Revenue Expected to Be Recognized by Period
	Total		Next 12 Months		13 - 36 Months		37 - 60 Months
Revenue expected to be recognized on VCP contracts sold as of period end	$	113.0	$	39.7	$	54.7	$	18.6

As a practical expedient, since all other automotive repair and maintenance services are generally performed within one year or less, we do not disclose estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future for all other automotive repair and maintenance performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) at the end of the reporting period or when we expect to recognize such revenue.

Contract Assets and Liabilities

When the timing of our provision of goods or services is different from the timing of payments made by our customers, we recognize either a contract asset (performance precedes contractual due date) or a contract liability (customer payment precedes performance). Contract assets primarily relate to our right to consideration for work in process not yet billed at the reporting date associated with automotive repair and maintenance services, as well as our estimate of variable consideration that has been included in the transaction price for certain finance and insurance products (retrospective commissions). These contract assets are reclassified to receivables when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Contract liabilities primarily relate to upfront payments received from customers for the sale of VCP contracts.

Our receivables from contracts with customers are included in Receivables, net, our current contract asset is included in Other Current Assets, our long-term contract asset is included in Other Assets, our current contract liability is included in Other

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AUTONATION, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Continued)

Current Liabilities, and our long-term contract liability is included in Other Liabilities in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

The following table provides the balances of our receivables from contracts with customers and our current and long-term contract assets and contract liabilities:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Receivables from contracts with customers, net	$	764.4	$	774.0
Contract Asset (Current)	$	23.0	$	20.4
Contract Asset (Long-Term)	$	3.5	$	2.8
Contract Liability (Current)	$	44.2	$	43.9
Contract Liability (Long-Term)	$	73.3	$	72.9

The change in the balances of our contract assets and contract liabilities primarily result from the timing differences between our performance and the customer’s payment, as well as changes in the estimated transaction price related to variable consideration for performance obligations satisfied in previous periods. The following table presents revenue recognized during the period from amounts included in the contract liability balance at the beginning of the period and adjustments to revenue related to performance obligations satisfied in previous periods:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Amounts included in contract liability at the beginning of the period	$	10.3	$	9.8
Performance obligations satisfied in previous periods	$	0.6	$	0.3

Other significant changes include contract assets reclassified to receivables of $13.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and $16.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

3.AUTONATION FINANCE INCOME (LOSS)

AutoNation Finance (“ANF”), our captive auto finance company, provides indirect financing to qualified retail customers on vehicles we sell. Prior to October 2023, ANF also purchased retail vehicle installment sales contracts through third-party dealers. ANF income (loss) includes the interest and fee income generated by auto loans receivable less the interest expense associated with the debt issued or used to fund these receivables, a provision for estimated credit losses on the auto loans receivable originated or acquired, and direct expenses. Interest income on auto loans receivable is recognized over the contractual term of the related loans. ANF income (loss) does not include amortization of intercompany discounts or intercompany dealer participation fees. Direct costs associated with loan originations are capitalized and amortized using the effective interest method. The following table presents the components of AutoNation Finance income (loss):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Interest margin:
Interest and fee income	$	41.9	$	21.8
Interest expense	(13.9)		(7.0)
Total interest margin	28.0		14.8
Provision for credit losses	(18.9)		(10.2)
Total interest margin after provision for loan losses	9.1		4.6
Direct expenses(1)	(9.0)		(9.6)

AutoNation Finance income (loss)	$	0.1	$	(5.0)

(1) Direct expenses are comprised primarily of compensation expenses and loan administration costs incurred by our auto finance company.

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AUTONATION, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Continued)

We typically use non-recourse funding facilities, including warehouse facilities and asset-backed term funding transactions, as well as free cash flow from operations to fund the auto loans receivable of ANF. See Notes 6 and 9 of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information about our auto loans receivable and related non-recourse debt, respectively.

4.EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, including vested restricted stock unit (“RSU”) awards. Diluted EPS is calculated using the treasury stock method by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, noted above, including the dilutive effect of unvested RSU awards and stock options.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted EPS:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024


Net Income	$	175.5	$	190.1

Basic weighted average common shares outstanding	39.0		42.0
Dilutive effect of unvested RSUs and stock options	0.4		0.3
Diluted weighted average common shares outstanding	39.4		42.3




Basic earnings per share	$	4.50	$	4.53




Diluted earnings per share	$	4.45	$	4.49

5.RECEIVABLES, NET

The components of receivables, net of allowances for expected credit losses, are as follows:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Contracts-in-transit and vehicle receivables	$	564.6	$	560.2
Trade receivables	163.9		168.5
Manufacturer receivables	237.0		267.1

Other	61.6		73.8
	1,027.1		1,069.6
Less: allowances for expected credit losses	(3.8)		(3.3)
Receivables, net	$	1,023.3	$	1,066.3

Contracts-in-transit and vehicle receivables primarily represent receivables from financial institutions for the portion of the vehicle sales price financed by our customers. Trade receivables represent amounts due for parts and services sold, excluding amounts due from manufacturers, as well as receivables from finance organizations for commissions on the sale of finance and insurance products. Manufacturer receivables represent amounts due from manufacturers for holdbacks, rebates, incentives, floorplan assistance, and warranty claims. We evaluate our receivables for collectability based on past collection experience, current information, and reasonable and supportable forecasts.

6.AUTO LOANS RECEIVABLE

Auto loans receivable primarily consist of amounts due from customers related to retail vehicle sales financed through AutoNation Finance, our captive auto finance company. Auto loans receivable are presented net of an allowance for expected credit losses. Auto loans receivable represent a large group of smaller-balance homogeneous loans, which we consider to be part of one class of financing receivable and one portfolio segment for purposes of determining our allowance for expected credit losses.

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Auto Loans Receivable, Net

The components of auto loans receivable, net of third -party unearned discounts and allowances for expected credit losses, at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, are as follows:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024




Total auto loans receivable	$	1,451.3	$	1,103.8
Accrued interest and fees	9.6		8.2
Deferred loan origination costs	4.3		4.2
Less: unearned discounts	(0.6)		(4.3)
Less: allowances for expected credit losses	(66.9)		(54.8)
Auto loans receivable, net	$	1,397.7	$	1,057.1

Credit Quality

We utilize proprietary credit scoring models to rate the risk of default for customers that apply for financing by evaluating customer credit history and certain credit application information, including information such as income, collateral, and down payment. The scoring models yield credit program tiers that reflect our internal credit risk ratings and represent the relative likelihood of repayment. The assigned credit tier influences the terms of the agreement, such as the required loan-to-value ratio and interest rate. After origination, credit tier assignments by customer are generally not updated. We monitor the credit quality of the auto loans receivable on an ongoing basis and also validate the accuracy of the credit scoring models periodically. Loan performance is reviewed on a recurring basis to identify whether the assigned credit tiers adequately reflect the customers’ likelihood of repayment, and if needed, adjustments are made to the scoring models on a prospective basis.

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Auto Loans Receivable by Major Credit Program

The following tables present auto loans receivable as of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, disaggregated by major credit program tier, in descending order of highest likelihood of repayment:



		Fiscal Year of Origination
As of March 31, 2025	Weighted Average FICO Score	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior to 2021		Total
Credit Program Tier(1):
Palladium	734	$	164.9	$	174.6	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	339.5
Rhodium	701	85.7		134.8		15.2		0.1		—		—		235.8
Platinum	652	183.7		485.4		74.6		1.5		3.4		0.9		749.5
Gold	624	9.3		60.3		22.3		0.9		6.1		1.3		100.2
Silver	574	0.2		0.2		12.0		1.0		4.3		0.9		18.6
Bronze	549	0.1		0.1		3.7		0.2		2.2		0.4		6.7
Copper	562	—		—		0.1		—		0.8		0.1		1.0
Total auto loans receivable		$	443.9	$	855.4	$	127.9	$	3.7	$	16.8	$	3.6	$	1,451.3

Current-period gross write-offs		$	0.1	$	8.5	$	4.5	$	0.4	$	1.0	$	0.2	$	14.7

		Fiscal Year of Origination
As of December 31, 2024	Weighted Average FICO Score	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior to 2020		Total
Credit Program Tier(1):
Palladium	734	$	194.0	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	194.0
Rhodium	702	147.6		16.9		0.1		—		—		—		164.6
Platinum	651	525.1		82.3		1.7		4.0		1.0		0.1		614.2
Gold	623	64.9		25.0		1.3		7.3		1.6		0.1		100.2
Silver	574	0.3		13.4		1.2		5.4		1.2		0.1		21.6
Bronze	551	0.1		4.0		0.2		2.8		0.6		—		7.7
Copper	562	—		0.2		—		1.1		0.2		—		1.5
Total auto loans receivable		$	932.0	$	141.8	$	4.5	$	20.6	$	4.6	$	0.3	$	1,103.8

(1) Classified based on credit grade assigned when customer was initially approved for financing.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses represents the net credit losses expected over the remaining contractual life of our auto loans receivable. The allowance for credit losses is determined using a vintage-level statistical model that captures the relationship between historical changes in gross losses and the lifetime loss curves by month on book, credit tiers at origination, and seasonality, adjusted for expected recoveries based on historical recovery trends. The credit loss model also incorporates reasonable and supportable forecasts about the future utilizing a forecast of a macroeconomic variable, specifically, the change in U.S. disposable personal income, which we believe is most strongly correlated to evaluating and predicting expected credit losses of our auto loans receivable. We utilize a reasonable and supportable forecast period of one year, after which we immediately revert to historical experience.

We periodically consider whether the use of alternative variables would result in improved credit loss model accuracy and revise the model when appropriate. We also consider whether qualitative adjustments are necessary for factors that are not reflected in the quantitative methods but impact the measurement of estimated credit losses. Such adjustments include the expectations of the impact of recent economic trends on customer behavior.

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The net loss estimate is calculated by applying the loss rates developed using the methods described above to the amortized cost basis of the auto loans receivable. The change in the allowance for credit losses is recognized through an adjustment to the provision for credit losses.

Rollforward of Allowance for Credit Losses

The following is a rollforward of our allowance for expected credit losses for auto loans receivable for the three months ended March 31, 2025:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Balance as of beginning of year	$	54.8	$	46.3
Provision for credit losses	19.2		10.2

Write-offs	(14.7)		(14.0)
Recoveries(1)	7.6		5.6

Balance as of end of period	$	66.9	$	48.1

(1) Includes proceeds from the recovery of vehicle collateral, net of costs incurred.

We also estimate expected credit losses related to unfunded loan commitments and record a liability within Other Current Liabilities in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The change in the liability is recognized through an adjustment to the provision for credit losses. The credit loss liability totaled $2.4 million at March 31, 2025 and $2.8 million at December 31, 2024.

Past Due Auto Loans Receivable

An account is considered delinquent if 95% of the required principal and interest payments have not been received as of the date such payments were due. All loans continue to accrue interest until repayment, write-off, or when a loan reaches 75 days past due. If payment is received after a loan has stopped accruing interest due to reaching 75 days past due, the loan will be deemed current and the accrual of interest resumes. When a write-off occurs, accrued interest is written off by reversing interest income. Payments received on nonaccrual assets are recorded using a combination of the cost recovery method and the cash basis method depending on whether the related loan has been written off. In general, accounts are written off on the last business day of the month during which the earliest of the following occurs: the receivable is 120 days or more delinquent as of the last business day of the month and the related vehicle has not been repossessed, the vehicle has been repossessed and liquidated, or the related vehicle has been in repossession inventory for at least 60 days. The following table presents past due auto loans receivable, as of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024:


	Age Analysis of Past-Due Auto Loans Receivable as of
	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
31-60 Days	$	21.3	$	20.6
61-90 Days	5.1		5.5
Greater than 90 Days	2.5		2.7
Total Past Due	$	28.9	$	28.8

Current	1,422.4		1,075.0
Total	$	1,451.3	$	1,103.8

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7.INVENTORY AND VEHICLE FLOORPLAN PAYABLE

The components of inventory are as follows:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
New vehicles	$	2,191.9	$	2,341.4
Used vehicles	773.5		754.1
Parts, accessories, and other	266.2		264.5
Inventory	$	3,231.6	$	3,360.0

The components of vehicle floorplan payable are as follows:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Vehicle floorplan payable - trade	$	2,029.6	$	2,216.2
Vehicle floorplan payable - non-trade	1,529.3		1,493.5
Vehicle floorplan payable	$	3,558.9	$	3,709.7

Vehicle floorplan payable-trade reflects amounts borrowed to finance the purchase of specific new and, to a lesser extent, used vehicle inventories with the corresponding manufacturers’ captive finance subsidiaries (“trade lenders”). Vehicle floorplan payable-non-trade represents amounts borrowed to finance the purchase of specific new and, to a lesser extent, used vehicle inventories with non-trade lenders, as well as amounts borrowed under our secured used vehicle floorplan facilities. Our service loaner inventory, which is reflected in Other Assets, is also financed with vehicle floorplan payable-trade and non-trade. Changes in vehicle floorplan payable-trade are reported as operating cash flows and changes in vehicle floorplan payable-non-trade are reported as financing cash flows in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

Our inventory costs are generally reduced by manufacturer holdbacks, incentives, floorplan assistance, and non-reimbursement-based manufacturer advertising rebates, while the related vehicle floorplan payables are reflective of the gross cost of the vehicle. The vehicle floorplan payables, as shown in the above table, may also be higher than the inventory cost due to the timing of the sale of a vehicle and payment of the related liability.

At March 31, 2025, our new vehicle floorplan facilities utilized Prime-based and SOFR-based interest rates. Our new vehicle floorplan outstanding had a weighted-average interest rate of 6.0% at March 31, 2025, and 6.1% at December 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2025, the aggregate capacity under our new vehicle floorplan facilities to finance our new vehicle inventory was approximately $4.7 billion, of which $3.0 billion had been borrowed based on the eligible new vehicle inventory that was pledged as collateral.

At March 31, 2025, our used vehicle floorplan facilities utilized Prime-based and SOFR-based interest rates. Our used vehicle floorplan outstanding had a weighted-average interest rate of 5.8% at March 31, 2025, and 5.8% at December 31, 2024. As of March 31, 2025, the aggregate capacity under our used vehicle floorplan facilities to finance a portion of our used vehicle inventory was $809.8 million, of which $531.5 million had been borrowed. The remaining borrowing capacity of $278.3 million was limited to $0.1 million based on the eligible used vehicle inventory that was pledged as collateral.

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8.GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET

Goodwill and intangible assets, net, consist of the following:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Goodwill	$	1,452.9	$	1,452.9

Franchise rights - indefinite-lived	$	923.2	$	861.2
Other intangibles	68.1		68.0
	991.3		929.2
Less: accumulated amortization	(25.1)		(23.3)
Other intangible assets, net	$	966.2	$	905.9

Goodwill for our reporting units and our franchise rights assets are tested for impairment annually as of April 30 or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that impairment may exist.

9.DEBT

Non-Vehicle Long-Term Debt

Non-vehicle long-term debt consisted of the following:


Debt Description	Maturity Date	Interest Payable	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
4.5% Senior Notes	October 1, 2025	April 1 and October 1	$	450.0	$	450.0
3.8% Senior Notes	November 15, 2027	May 15 and November 15	300.0		300.0
1.95% Senior Notes	August 1, 2028	February 1 and August 1	400.0		400.0
4.75% Senior Notes	June 1, 2030	June 1 and December 1	500.0		500.0
2.4% Senior Notes	August 1, 2031	February 1 and August 1	450.0		450.0
3.85% Senior Notes	March 1, 2032	March 1 and September 1	700.0		700.0
5.89% Senior Notes	March 15, 2035	March 15 and September 15	500.0		—
Revolving credit facility	July 18, 2028	Monthly	—		—
Finance leases and other debt	Various dates through 2041		344.5		350.0
			3,644.5		3,150.0
Less: unamortized debt discounts and debt issuance costs			(21.8)		(17.9)
Less: current maturities			(518.2)		(518.5)
Long-term debt, net of current maturities			$	3,104.5	$	2,613.6

Senior Unsecured Notes and Credit Agreement

On February 24, 2025, we issued $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.89% Senior Notes due 2035, which were sold at 99.995% of the aggregate principal amount.

The interest rates payable on our 4.5% Senior Notes, 3.8% Senior Notes, and 4.75% Senior Notes are subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of certain credit rating events as provided in the indentures for these senior unsecured notes.

Under our amended and restated credit agreement, we have a $1.9 billion revolving credit facility that matures on July 18, 2028. The credit agreement also contains an accordion feature that allows us, subject to credit availability and certain other conditions, to increase the amount of the revolving credit facility, together with any added term loans, by up to $500.0 million in the aggregate. As of March 31, 2025, we had no borrowings outstanding under our revolving credit facility. We have a $200.0 million letter of credit sublimit as part of the revolving credit facility. The amount available to be borrowed under the revolving credit facility is reduced on a dollar-for-dollar basis by the cumulative amount of any outstanding letters of credit,

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which was $0.8 million at March 31, 2025, leaving a borrowing capacity under our credit agreement of $1,899.2 million at March 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2025, this borrowing capacity was limited under the maximum consolidated leverage ratio contained in our credit agreement to $1,857.6 million.

Our revolving credit facility provides for a commitment fee on undrawn amounts ranging from 0.125% to 0.20% and interest on borrowings at SOFR plus a credit spread adjustment of 0.10% or the base rate, in each case plus an applicable margin. The applicable margin ranges from 1.125% to 1.50% for SOFR borrowings and 0.125% to 0.50% for base rate borrowings. The interest rate charged for our revolving credit facility is affected by our leverage ratio.

Within the meaning of Regulation S-X, Rule 3-10, AutoNation, Inc. (the parent company) has no independent assets or operations. If guarantees of our subsidiaries were to be issued under our existing registration statement, we expect that such guarantees would be full and unconditional and joint and several, and any subsidiaries other than the guarantor subsidiaries would be minor.

Other Long-Term Debt

At March 31, 2025, we had finance leases and other debt obligations of $344.5 million, which are due at various dates through 2041.

Commercial Paper

We have a commercial paper program pursuant to which we may issue short-term, unsecured commercial paper notes on a private placement basis up to a maximum aggregate amount outstanding at any time of $1.9 billion. The interest rate for the commercial paper notes varies based on duration and market conditions. The maturities of the commercial paper notes may vary, but may not exceed 397 days from the date of issuance. Proceeds from the issuance of commercial paper notes are used to repay borrowings under the revolving credit facility, to finance acquisitions, and for strategic initiatives, working capital, capital expenditures, share repurchases, and/or other general corporate purposes. We use the revolving credit facility under our credit agreement as a liquidity backstop for borrowings under the commercial paper program. A downgrade in our credit ratings could negatively impact our ability to issue, or the interest rates for, commercial paper notes.

At March 31, 2025, we had $340.0 million of commercial paper notes outstanding with a weighted-average annual interest rate of 4.8% and a weighted-average remaining term of 1 day. At December 31, 2024, we had $630.0 million of commercial paper notes outstanding with a weighted-average annual interest rate of 4.9% and a weighted-average remaining term of 9 days.

Non-Recourse Debt

Non-recourse debt relates to financed auto loans receivable of our captive auto finance company funded through a combination of warehouse facilities, asset-backed term funding transactions, and free cash flows from operations.

Non-recourse debt outstanding at March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, consisted of the following:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Warehouse facilities	$	1,060.4	$	801.5
Term securitization debt of consolidated VIEs	19.9		24.7
	1,080.3		826.2
Less: unamortized debt discounts and debt issuance costs	(0.1)		(0.2)
Less: current maturities	(41.3)		(28.3)
Non-recourse debt, net of current maturities	$	1,038.9	$	797.7

The timing of principal payments on the non-recourse debt is based on the timing of principal collections and defaults on the related auto loans receivable. The current portion of non-recourse debt represents the portion of the payments received from the auto loans receivable that are due to be distributed as principal payments on the non-recourse debt in the following period.

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We recognize transfers of auto loans receivable into the warehouse facilities and term securitizations (together, “non-recourse debt”) as secured borrowings, which result in recording the auto loans receivable and the related non-recourse debt on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The non-recourse debt is structured to legally isolate the auto loans receivable, which can only be used as collateral to settle obligations of the related non-recourse debt. The term securitization trusts and investors and the creditors of the warehouse facilities have no recourse to our assets for payment of the debt beyond the related auto loan receivables, the amounts on deposit in reserve accounts, and the restricted cash from collections on auto loans receivable.

Warehouse Facilities

We have three warehouse facility agreements with certain banking institutions through wholly-owned, bankruptcy-remote, special purpose entities, primarily to finance the purchase and origination of auto loans receivable. We fund auto loans receivable through these warehouse facilities, which are secured by the eligible auto loans receivable pledged as collateral.

We generally enter into warehouse facility agreements for one-year terms and typically renew the agreements annually. At March 31, 2025, our warehouse facilities utilized SOFR-based interest rates, as well as interest rates based on a lender’s asset-backed commercial paper conduit. Our warehouse facilities had a weighted-average interest rate of 5.3% at March 31, 2025, and 5.4% at December 31, 2024. The aggregate capacities under our warehouse facilities as of March 31, 2025, were as follows:


	March 31, 2025
Warehouse facilities:
August 31, 2025 expiration	$	400.0
October 1, 2025 expiration	300.0
October 17, 2025 expiration	450.0
Aggregate capacity	$	1,150.0
Unused capacity	$	89.6

The remaining borrowing capacity of $89.6 million was limited to $0.2 million based on the eligible auto loans receivable that have been pledged as collateral.

Term Securitizations

We have term securitizations that were put in place to provide long-term funding for certain auto loans receivable initially funded through the warehouse facilities. In these transactions, a pool of auto loans receivable is sold to a bankruptcy-remote, special purpose entity that, in turn, transfers the receivables to a special purpose securitization trust (“term securitization trust”). The term securitization trust issues asset-backed securities, secured or otherwise supported by the transferred receivables, and the proceeds from the sale of the asset-backed securities are used to finance the securitized receivables.

We are required to evaluate the term securitization trusts for consolidation. We retain the servicing rights for the auto loans receivable that were funded through the term securitizations. In our capacity as servicer of the underlying auto loans receivable, we have the power to direct the activities of the trusts that most significantly impact the economic performance of the trusts. In addition, we have the obligation to absorb losses (subject to limitations) and the rights to receive any returns of the trusts, which could be significant. Accordingly, we are the primary beneficiary of the trusts and are required to consolidate them.

The term securitization debt of consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) consists of various notes with interest rates ranging from 2.11% to 4.45% and maturity dates ranging from April 2027 to May 2028. Term securitization debt is expected to become due and be paid prior to the final legal maturities based on amortization of the auto loans receivable pledged as collateral. The term securitization agreements require certain funds to be held in restricted cash accounts to provide additional collateral for the borrowings or to be applied to make payments on the securitization debt. Restricted cash of consolidated VIEs under the various term securitization agreements totaled $3.4 million as of March 31, 2025, and $3.4 million as of December 31, 2024, and is included in Other Current Assets and Other Assets in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Auto loans receivable pledged to the term securitization debt of consolidated VIEs totaled $19.7 million as of March 31, 2025, and $24.5 million as of December 31, 2024.

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10.INCOME TAXES

Income taxes payable included in Other Current Liabilities totaled $123.5 million and $69.0 million at March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states. As a matter of course, various taxing authorities, including the IRS, regularly audit us. These audits may culminate in proposed assessments which may ultimately result in our owing additional taxes. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, and local income tax examinations by tax authorities for years before 2020. Currently, no tax years are under examination by the IRS and tax years from 2021 to 2022 are under examination by U.S. state jurisdictions. We believe that our tax positions comply with applicable tax law and that we have adequately provided for these matters.

It is our policy to account for interest and penalties associated with income tax obligations as a component of Income Tax Provision in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.

11.SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

A summary of shares repurchased under our stock repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Shares repurchased (in actual number of shares)	1.4		0.2
Aggregate purchase price (1)	$	224.8	$	38.7
Average purchase price per share	$	164.95	$	158.40

(1) Excludes the excise tax imposed under the Inflation Reduction Act of $1.8 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024, respectively.

As of March 31, 2025, $636.0 million remained available under our stock repurchase limit authorized by our Board of Directors. From April 1, 2025, through April 23, 2025, we repurchased 0.2 million shares of common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $28.9 million (average purchase price per share of $157.57).

We have 5.0 million authorized shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, none of which are issued or outstanding. The Board of Directors has the authority to issue the preferred stock in one or more series and to establish the rights, preferences, and dividends of such preferred stock.

The following table presents a summary of shares of common stock issued in connection with the settlement of RSUs, as well as shares surrendered to AutoNation to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the settlement of RSUs:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In actual number of shares)	2025	2024
Shares issued	0.3	0.3
Shares surrendered to AutoNation to satisfy tax withholding obligations	0.1	0.1

12.ACQUISITIONS AND DIVESTITURES

We purchased one Domestic store and one Import store during the three months ended March 31, 2025. We did not purchase any stores during the three months ended March 31, 2024. Acquisitions are included in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements from the date of acquisition.

The acquisitions that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2025, were not material to our financial condition or results of operations. Additionally, on a pro forma basis as if the results of these acquisitions had been included in our consolidated results for the entire three month period ended March 31, 2025, revenue and net income would not have been materially different from our reported revenue and net income for this period.

We did not divest any stores during the three months ended March 31, 2025 or 2024 .

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13.CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

The total amounts presented on our statements of cash flows include cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash. Restricted cash includes additional collateral for non-recourse debt borrowings and collections on auto loans receivable that are due to be distributed to non-recourse debt holders in the following period. The following table provides a reconciliation of cash and cash equivalents reported on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets to the total amounts reported on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents	$	70.5	$	59.8
Restricted cash included in Other Current Assets	57.0		41.7
Restricted cash included in Other Assets	1.9		1.9
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	129.4	$	103.4

Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities

We had accrued purchases of property and equipment of $19.8 million at March 31, 2025, and $26.7 million at March 31, 2024.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Supplemental noncash information on adjustments to right-of-use assets, including right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new:
Operating lease liabilities	$	84.0	$	35.2
Finance lease liabilities	$	8.9	$	6.9

Interest and Income Taxes Paid

We made interest payments, net of amounts capitalized and including interest on vehicle inventory financing, of $83.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, and $86.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024. We made income tax payments, net of income tax refunds, of $0.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, and $0.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024.

14.FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

The fair value of a financial instrument represents the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced sale or liquidation. Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time based on relevant market information about the financial instrument. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of judgment, and therefore cannot be determined with precision.

Accounting standards define fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Accounting standards establish a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value and also establishes the following three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:


Level 1			Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that a reporting entity can access at the measurement date

Level 2			Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities that are observable either directly or indirectly

Level 3			Unobservable inputs

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(Continued)

The following methods and assumptions were used by us in estimating fair value disclosures for financial instruments:

•Cash and cash equivalents, receivables, other current assets, vehicle floorplan payable, accounts payable, other current liabilities, commercial paper, warehouse credit facilities, and variable rate debt: The amounts reported in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets approximate fair value due to their short-term nature or the existence of variable interest rates that approximate prevailing market rates.

•Auto loans receivable, net: Auto loans receivable are presented net of an allowance for expected credit losses, which we believe approximates fair value.

•Investments in Equity Securities: Our equity investments with readily determinable fair values are measured at fair value using Level 1 inputs, which totaled $8.5 million at March 31, 2025, and $20.0 million at December 31, 2024.

Our equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value are measured using the measurement alternative as permitted by accounting standards and were recorded at cost, to be subsequently adjusted for observable price changes. The carrying amounts of our equity investments without a readily determinable fair value totaled $49.8 million at March 31, 2025, and $49.8 million at December 31, 2024. Equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value reflect cumulative downward adjustments of $8.4 million and cumulative upward adjustments of $3.4 million based on observable price changes. We did not record any upward adjustments or impairments during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Investments in equity securities are reported in Other Current Assets and Other Assets in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Realized and unrealized gains and losses are reported in Other Income (Loss), Net (non-operating) in the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and in the “Corporate and other” category of our segment information.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Net losses recognized during the period on equity securities	$	(11.5)	$	(0.4)
Less: Net gains (losses) recognized during the period on equity securities sold during the period	—		—
Unrealized losses recognized during the reporting period on equity securities still held at the reporting date	$	(11.5)	$	(0.4)

•Fixed rate long-term debt: Our fixed rate long-term debt consists primarily of amounts outstanding under our senior unsecured notes. We estimate the fair value of our senior unsecured notes using quoted prices for the identical liability (Level 1). A summary of the aggregate carrying values and fair values of our senior unsecured notes is as follows:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Carrying value	$	3,278.2	$	2,782.1
Fair value	$	3,103.3	$	2,578.6

Nonfinancial assets such as goodwill, other intangible assets, and long-lived assets held and used, are measured at fair value when there is an indicator of impairment and recorded at fair value only when impairment is recognized or for a business combination. The fair values less costs to sell of long-lived assets and disposal groups held for sale are assessed each reporting period they remain classified as held for sale. Subsequent changes in the held for sale long-lived asset’s or disposal group’s fair value less cost to sell (increase or decrease) are reported as an adjustment to its carrying amount, except that the adjusted carrying amount cannot exceed the carrying amount of the long-lived asset or disposal group at the time it was initially classified as held for sale.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Continued)

The following table presents assets measured and recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:


	2025				2024
Description	Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Gain/(Loss)		Fair Value Measurements Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)		Gain/(Loss)

Long-lived assets held and used	$	—	$	(0.2)	$	—	$	(1.1)

Long-Lived Assets and Right-of-Use Assets

Fair value measurements for our long-lived assets and right-of-use assets are based on Level 3 inputs. Changes in fair value measurements are reviewed and assessed each quarter for properties and disposal groups classified as held for sale, or when an indicator of impairment exists for properties classified as held and used or for right-of-use assets. The valuation process is generally based on a combination of the market and replacement cost approaches. In certain cases, fair value measurements are based on pending agreements to sell the related assets.

In a market approach, we use transaction prices for comparable properties that have recently been sold. These transaction prices are adjusted for factors related to a specific property. We evaluate changes in local real estate markets, and/or recent market interest or negotiations related to a specific property. In a replacement cost approach, the cost to replace a specific long-lived asset is considered, which is adjusted for depreciation from physical deterioration, as well as functional and economic obsolescence, if present and measurable.

To validate the fair values determined under the valuation process noted above, we also obtain independent third-party appraisals for our properties and/or third-party brokers’ opinions of value, which are generally developed using the same valuation approaches described above, and we evaluate any recent negotiations or discussions with third-party real estate brokers related to a specific long-lived asset or market.

The non-cash impairment charges related to long-lived assets held and used are included in Other Expense, Net in our

Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income and in the “Corporate and other” category of our segment

information.

We had assets held for sale of $29.9 million as of March 31, 2025, and $23.6 million as of December 31, 2024, primarily related to inventory, goodwill, and property of disposal groups held for sale, as well as property held for sale. Assets held for sale are included in Other Current Assets in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

15.COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Proceedings

We are involved, and will continue to be involved, in numerous legal proceedings arising out of the conduct of our business, including litigation with customers, third-party dealers, wage and hour and other employment-related lawsuits, and actions brought by governmental authorities. Some of these lawsuits purport or may be determined to be class or collective actions and seek substantial damages or injunctive relief, or both, and some may remain unresolved for several years. We establish accruals for specific legal proceedings when it is considered probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Our accruals for loss contingencies are reviewed quarterly and adjusted as additional information becomes available. We disclose the amount accrued if material or if such disclosure is necessary for our financial statements to not be misleading. If a loss is not both probable and reasonably estimable, or if an exposure to loss exists in excess of the amount accrued, we assess whether there is at least a reasonable possibility that a loss, or additional loss, may have been incurred. If there is a reasonable possibility that a loss, or additional loss, may have been incurred, we disclose the estimate of the possible loss or range of loss if it is material or a statement that such an estimate cannot be made. Our evaluation of whether a loss is reasonably possible or probable is based on our assessment and consultation with legal counsel regarding the ultimate outcome of the matter.

As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, we have accrued for the potential impact of loss contingencies that are probable and reasonably estimable, and there was no indication of a reasonable possibility that a material loss, or additional material loss,

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Continued)

may have been incurred. We do not believe that the ultimate resolution of these matters will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. However, the results of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, and an unfavorable resolution of one or more of these matters could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

Other Matters

In connection with the CDK outage previously discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, in the first quarter of 2025, we submitted claims under our cyber insurance policies seeking recovery for estimated business interruption and related losses caused by the CDK outage. There can be no assurance as to the amount or timing of any potential recovery in connection with the CDK outage.

AutoNation, acting through its subsidiaries, is the lessee under many real estate leases that provide for the use by our subsidiaries of their respective store premises. Pursuant to these leases, we agree to indemnify the lessor and other related parties from certain liabilities arising as a result of the use of the leased premises, including environmental liabilities, or a breach of the lease by the lessee. Additionally, from time to time, we enter into agreements with third parties in connection with the sale of assets or businesses in which we agree to indemnify the purchaser or related parties from certain liabilities or costs arising in connection with the assets or business. Also, in the ordinary course of business in connection with purchases or sales of goods and services, we enter into agreements that may contain indemnification provisions. In the event that an indemnification claim is asserted, our liability would be limited by the terms of the applicable agreement.

From time to time, primarily in connection with dispositions of automotive stores, we assign or sublet to the store purchaser our interests in any real property leases associated with such stores. In general, we retain responsibility for the performance of certain obligations under such leases to the extent that the assignee or sublessee does not perform, whether such performance is required prior to or following the assignment or subletting of the lease. Additionally, we generally remain subject to the terms of any guarantees made by us in connection with such leases. We generally have indemnification rights against the assignee or sublessee in the event of non-performance under these leases, as well as certain defenses. We presently have no reason to believe that we will be called on to perform under any such remaining assigned leases or subleases. We estimate that lessee rental payment obligations during the remaining terms of these leases with expirations ranging from 2027 to 2034 are approximately $4 million at March 31, 2025. There can be no assurance that any performance required of us under these leases would not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and cash flows.

At March 31, 2025, surety bonds, letters of credit, and cash deposits totaled $129.4 million, of which $0.8 million were letters of credit. In the ordinary course of business, we are required to post performance and surety bonds, letters of credit, and/or cash deposits as financial guarantees of our performance. We do not currently provide cash collateral for outstanding letters of credit.

In the ordinary course of business, we are subject to numerous laws and regulations, including automotive, environmental, health and safety, and other laws and regulations. We do not anticipate that the costs of compliance with such laws will have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, cash flows, or financial condition, although such outcome is possible given the nature of our operations and the extensive legal and regulatory framework applicable to our business. We do not have any material known environmental commitments or contingencies.

16.BUSINESS AND CREDIT CONCENTRATIONS

We own and operate franchised automotive stores in the United States pursuant to franchise agreements with vehicle manufacturers. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, approximately 66% of our total retail new vehicle unit sales was generated by our stores in Florida, California, and Texas.

We are subject to a concentration of risk in the event of financial distress of or other adverse event related to a major vehicle manufacturer or related lender or supplier. The core brands of vehicles that we sell, representing approximately 88% of the new vehicles that we sold during the three months ended March 31, 2025, are manufactured by Toyota (including Lexus), Honda, Ford, General Motors, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Stellantis, and Volkswagen (including Audi and Porsche). Our business could be materially adversely impacted by a bankruptcy of or other adverse event related to a major vehicle manufacturer or related lender or supplier.

We are also subject to a concentration of risk in the event of the non-performance of third-party information technology service providers, such as the provider of our dealer management system on which we significantly rely to operate our business.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Continued)

We had receivables from manufacturers or distributors of $237.0 million at March 31, 2025, and $267.1 million at December 31, 2024. Additionally, a large portion of our contracts-in-transit included in Receivables, net, in the accompanying Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, are due from automotive manufacturers’ captive finance subsidiaries, which provide financing directly to our new and used vehicle customers. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to non-manufacturer trade receivables are limited due to the wide variety of customers and markets in which our products are sold as well as their dispersion across many different geographic areas in the United States. Consequently, at March 31, 2025, we do not consider AutoNation to have any significant non-manufacturer concentrations of credit risk.

17.SEGMENT INFORMATION

At March 31, 2025, we had four reportable segments: (1) Domestic, (2) Import, (3) Premium Luxury, and (4) AutoNation Finance. Our Domestic segment is comprised of retail automotive franchises that sell new vehicles manufactured by Ford, General Motors, and Stellantis. Our Import segment is primarily comprised of retail automotive franchises that sell new vehicles manufactured by Toyota, Honda, Hyundai, Subaru, and Nissan. Our Premium Luxury segment is primarily comprised of retail automotive franchises that sell new vehicles manufactured by Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Lexus, Audi, and Jaguar Land Rover. The franchises in each of our Domestic, Import, and Premium Luxury segments also sell used vehicles, parts and automotive services, and automotive finance and insurance products. Our AutoNation Finance segment is comprised of our captive auto finance company, which provides indirect financing to qualified retail customers on vehicles we sell.

“Corporate and other” is comprised of our non-franchised businesses, including AutoNation USA used vehicle stores, collision centers, parts distribution centers, auction operations, and our mobile automotive repair and maintenance business, all of which generate revenues but do not meet the quantitative thresholds for reportable segments, as well as unallocated corporate overhead expenses and other income items.

The reportable segments identified above are the business activities of the Company for which discrete financial information is available and for which operating results are regularly reviewed by our chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) to allocate resources and assess performance. Our CODM for each of our reportable segments is our Chief Executive Officer. For the Domestic, Import, and Premium Luxury segments, our CODM uses Franchised Dealerships - Segment Income (defined as operating income less floorplan expense) to allocate resources to each of these segments during our annual budgeting process. Our CODM evaluates Franchised Dealerships - Segment Income actual results versus budget and prior year on a monthly basis when making decisions about allocating resources to these segments and whether to reinvest profits into each of these segments or into other parts of the Company, such as for acquisitions, strategic initiatives, or share repurchases. Our CODM also uses Franchised Dealerships - Segment Income to assess the underlying operating performance of each of these segments by comparing the results and return on investment for each of these segments.

Our CODM uses AutoNation Finance Income (Loss) to allocate capital resources to the AutoNation Finance segment in our annual budgeting process and uses that measure as a basis to evaluate the underlying operating performance of this segment by monitoring the margin between interest revenue and interest expense, credit program tier distribution, portfolio quality, and the overall performance of the loan portfolio for the segment.

The following tables provide segment revenues and segment expenses that align with the segment-level information that is regularly provided to our CODM:

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Continued)


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
	Domestic		Import		Premium Luxury		AutoNation Finance		Total
Revenues from external customers:(1)
Franchised dealerships	$	1,717.4	$	2,047.3	$	2,576.5			$	6,341.2
Corporate and other									349.2
Total consolidated revenues									6,690.4
Less segment expenses:
Cost of sales:
New vehicle	834.6		1,004.8		1,233.7
Used vehicle	459.0		510.1		669.0
Parts and service	145.3		159.2		199.4
Other	—		2.8		(0.1)
Total cost of sales	1,438.9		1,676.9		2,102.0
Selling, general and administrative expenses:
Compensation	119.8		148.4		165.7
Advertising	16.7		21.6		15.8
Store overhead	45.4		53.5		75.5
Total selling, general, and administrative expenses	181.9		223.5		257.0
Depreciation and amortization	11.0		12.0		19.9
Floorplan interest expense	16.6		8.7		19.0
Other income(2)	—		—		(0.1)
Franchised dealerships - segment income	$	69.0	$	126.2	$	178.7			373.9

AutoNation Finance:
Interest fee income							$	41.9
Interest expense							(13.9)
Provision for credit losses							(18.9)
Direct expenses(3)							(9.0)

AutoNation Finance income (loss)							$	0.1	0.1
Corporate and other									(84.5)
Other interest expense									(42.3)
Other income (loss), net									(13.2)
Income before income taxes									$	234.0

(1) See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for detail of revenue by segment.
(2) Other income includes net gains on asset dispositions.
(3) Direct expenses are comprised primarily of compensation expense and loan administration costs incurred by our auto finance company.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Continued)


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Domestic		Import		Premium Luxury		AutoNation Finance		Total
Revenues from external customers:(1)
Franchised dealerships	$	1,756.7	$	1,979.5	$	2,414.9			$	6,151.1
Corporate and other									334.6
Total consolidated revenues									6,485.7
Less segment expenses:
Cost of sales:
New vehicle	773.5		942.1		1,067.7
Used vehicle	520.1		523.0		696.5
Parts and service	168.4		150.7		197.1
Other	—		3.0		0.1
Total cost of sales	1,462.0		1,618.8		1,961.4
Selling, general and administrative expenses:
Compensation	122.5		139.6		154.9
Advertising	15.2		18.8		12.2
Store overhead	51.2		53.8		76.5
Total selling, general, and administrative expenses	188.9		212.2		243.6
Depreciation and amortization	11.2		10.6		19.8
Floorplan interest expense	19.5		9.1		18.5
Other income(2)	(0.1)		—		—
Franchised dealerships - segment income	$	75.2	$	128.8	$	171.6			375.6

AutoNation Finance:
Interest fee income							$	21.8
Interest expense							(7.0)
Provision for credit losses							(10.2)
Direct expenses(3)							(9.6)

AutoNation Finance income (loss)							$	(5.0)	(5.0)
Corporate and other									(79.7)
Other interest expense									(44.6)
Other income (loss), net									7.0
Income before income taxes									$	253.3

(1) See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for detail of revenue by segment.
(2) Other income includes net gains on asset dispositions.
(3) Direct expenses are comprised primarily of compensation expense and loan administration costs incurred by our auto finance company.

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NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Continued)

The following table provides information about segment assets:


Segment Assets(1)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Domestic	$	2,269.7	$	2,297.9
Imports	$	2,103.4	$	2,029.8
Premium Luxury	$	3,532.3	$	3,696.0
AutoNation Finance	$	1,471.0	$	1,114.4

(1) Excludes capital expenditures for active construction projects, which are reflected in segment assets upon completion of the related project.

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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition, reference should be made to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto and related “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview

AutoNation, Inc., through its subsidiaries, is one of the largest automotive retailers in the United States. As of March 31, 2025, we owned and operated 322 new vehicle franchises from 244 stores located in the United States, predominantly in major metropolitan markets in the Sunbelt region. Our stores, which we believe include some of the most recognizable and well known in our key markets, sell 30 different new vehicle brands. The core brands of new vehicles that we sell, representing approximately 88% of the new vehicles that we sold during the three months ended March 31, 2025, are manufactured by Toyota (including Lexus), Honda, Ford, General Motors, Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Stellantis, and Volkswagen (including Audi and Porsche). As of March 31, 2025, we also owned and operated 52 AutoNation-branded collision centers, 26 AutoNation USA used vehicle stores, 4 AutoNation-branded automotive auction operations, 3 parts distribution centers, a mobile automotive repair and maintenance business, and an auto finance company.

At March 31, 2025, we had four reportable segments: (1) Domestic, (2) Import, (3) Premium Luxury, and (4) AutoNation Finance. Our Domestic segment is comprised of retail automotive franchises that sell new vehicles manufactured by Ford, General Motors, and Stellantis. Our Import segment is primarily comprised of retail automotive franchises that sell new vehicles manufactured by Toyota, Honda, Hyundai, Subaru, and Nissan. Our Premium Luxury segment is primarily comprised of retail automotive franchises that sell new vehicles manufactured by Mercedes-Benz, BMW, Lexus, Audi, and Jaguar Land Rover. The franchises in each of our Domestic, Import, and Premium Luxury segments also sell used vehicles, parts and automotive services, and automotive finance and insurance products. AutoNation Finance is our captive auto finance company, which provides indirect financing to qualified retail customers on vehicles we sell.

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, new vehicle sales accounted for 49% of our total revenue and 14% of our total gross profit. Used vehicle sales accounted for 29% of our total revenue and 10% of our total gross profit. Our parts and service operations, while comprising 17% of our total revenue, contributed 47% of our total gross profit. Our finance and insurance sales, while comprising 5% of our total revenue, contributed 29% of our total gross profit.

Market Conditions

In the first quarter of 2025, U.S. industry retail new vehicle unit sales, which includes sales in markets in which we do not compete, increased approximately 8%, as compared to the first quarter of 2024, partly due to higher levels of manufacturer vehicle production compared to the prior year, as well as an increase in consumer demand, which further accelerated in the later part of March 2025 following U.S. government tariff-related announcements. The higher levels of manufacturer vehicle production over the past several years have led to an increasing supply of new vehicle inventory, which has varied by make and model and has resulted in moderation of new vehicle unit profitability over the past several years. While new vehicle unit profitability has recently started to stabilize, we expect that it may continue to moderate throughout 2025 and may be further impacted by the recently announced tariffs. Additionally, the increased availability of new vehicles and an increase in manufacturer new vehicle incentives to customers, including low-interest financing and customer rebates, have resulted in a shift in mix from used vehicles to new vehicles. Lower new vehicle sales in recent years have also resulted in lower availability of used vehicle inventory, particularly for late model vehicles.

The tariffs announced by the U.S. government beginning in the first quarter of 2025 on vehicles and parts imported from other countries could increase our costs or consumer prices and limit the availability of inventory and/or reduce demand for the

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products and services we offer, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. The policies and announcements regarding tariffs on imported goods have been evolving rapidly and remain highly fluid. The ultimate impact of any tariffs is uncertain and will depend on various factors, including whether the tariffs are maintained and/or implemented, the duration of the tariffs and the timing of their implementation, the amount, scope, and nature of the tariffs, and the related responses from other countries, manufactures, and/or consumers.

Results of Operations

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we had net income of $175.5 million and diluted earnings per share of $4.45, as compared to net income of $190.1 million and diluted earnings per share of $4.49 during the same period in 2024.

Our total gross profit increased 2% during the first quarter of 2025 compared to the first quarter of 2024, driven by increases in finance and insurance gross profit of 5%, used vehicle gross profit of 12%, and parts and service gross profit of 2%, partially offset by a decrease in new vehicle gross profit of 11%, each as compared to the first quarter of 2024. Finance and insurance gross profit benefited from higher realized margins on certain vehicle protection products and an increase in vehicle unit volume. Used vehicle gross profit benefited from better alignment of used vehicle inventory with market demand. Parts and service results benefited primarily from an increase in gross profit from warranty service. New vehicle gross profit was adversely impacted by a decrease in gross profit per vehicle retailed (“PVR”) resulting from an increase in supply and availability of new vehicle inventory, which has resulted in moderation of margins following post-pandemic elevated levels. In addition, SG&A expenses increased primarily due to an increase in performance-driven compensation expense.

Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2025, was adversely impacted by an after-tax loss of $8.7 million related to changes in fair value of a minority equity investment.

Inventory Management

Our new and used vehicle inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value in our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We monitor our vehicle inventory levels based on current economic conditions and seasonal sales trends.

Our new vehicle inventory units at March 31, 2025 and 2024, were 39,300 and 38,200, respectively. We have typically not experienced significant losses on the sale of new vehicle inventory, in part due to incentives provided by manufacturers to promote sales of new vehicles and our inventory management practices. We monitor our new vehicle inventory values as compared to net realizable values. Our new vehicle inventory was net of cumulative write-downs of $1.3 million at March 31, 2025, and $2.0 million at December 31, 2024.

We recondition the majority of used vehicles acquired for retail sale in our parts and service departments and capitalize the related costs to the used vehicle inventory. We monitor our used vehicle inventory values as compared to net realizable values. Typically, used vehicles that are not sold on a retail basis are sold at wholesale auctions. Our used vehicle inventory balance was net of cumulative write-downs of $7.4 million at March 31, 2025, and $7.8 million at December 31, 2024.

Parts, accessories, and other inventory are carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. We estimate the amount of potentially damaged and/or excess and obsolete inventory based upon historical experience, manufacturer return policies, and industry trends. Our parts, accessories, and other inventory balance was net of cumulative write-downs of $9.9 million at March 31, 2025, and $8.3 million at December 31, 2024.

Critical Accounting Estimates

We prepare our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), which require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. We evaluate our estimates on an ongoing basis, and we base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable. Actual outcomes could differ materially from those estimates in a manner that could have a material effect on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. For additional discussion of our critical accounting estimates, please see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Goodwill

Goodwill for our reporting units is tested for impairment annually as of April 30 or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of a reporting unit more likely than not exceeds its fair value. We are scheduled to complete our annual goodwill impairment test as of April 30, 2025.

We may first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit is impaired. When assessing goodwill for impairment, our decision to perform a qualitative assessment for an individual reporting unit is influenced by a number of factors, including the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill, the significance of the excess of the reporting unit’s estimated fair value over carrying value at the last quantitative assessment date, the amount of time in between quantitative fair value assessments, macroeconomic conditions, automotive industry and market conditions, and our operating performance.

If we do not perform a qualitative assessment, or if we determine that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit exceeds its carrying amount, we calculate the estimated fair value of the reporting unit using an “income” valuation approach, which discounts projected free cash flows of the reporting unit at a computed weighted average cost of capital as the discount rate. The income valuation approach requires the use of significant estimates and assumptions, which include revenue growth rates and future operating margins used to calculate projected future cash flows, weighted average cost of capital, and future economic and market conditions. In connection with this process, we also reconcile the estimated aggregate fair values of our reporting units to our market capitalization, including consideration of a control premium based upon our stock price and/or average stock price over a reasonable period as of the measurement date. We base our cash flow forecasts on our knowledge of the automotive industry, our recent performance, our expectations of our future performance, and other assumptions we believe to be reasonable but that are unpredictable and inherently uncertain. Actual future results may differ from those estimates. We also make certain judgments and assumptions in allocating shared assets and liabilities to determine the carrying values for each of our reporting units.

As of March 31, 2025, we have $223.0 million of goodwill related to the Domestic reporting unit, $524.3 million related to the Import reporting unit, $482.1 million related to the Premium Luxury reporting unit, $140.5 million related to the Mobile Service reporting unit, $78.4 million related to the AutoNation Finance reporting unit, and $4.6 million related to the Collision Centers reporting unit.

Other Intangible Assets

Our principal identifiable intangible assets are individual store rights under franchise agreements with vehicle manufacturers, which have indefinite lives and are tested for impairment annually as of April 30 or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that impairment may have occurred. We are scheduled to complete our annual impairment test of our franchise rights as of April 30, 2025.

We may first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is more likely than not that a franchise right asset is impaired. The quantitative impairment test for franchise rights requires the comparison of the franchise rights’ estimated fair value to carrying value by store. Fair values of rights under franchise agreements are estimated using unobservable (Level 3) inputs by discounting expected future cash flows of the store. The forecasted cash flows contain inherent uncertainties, including significant estimates and assumptions related to growth rates, margins, working capital requirements, capital expenditures, and cost of capital, for which we utilize certain market participant-based assumptions, using third-party industry projections, economic projections, and other marketplace data we believe to be reasonable.

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Reported Operating Data

Historical operating results include the results of acquired businesses from the date of acquisition.


($ in millions, except per vehicle data)	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024		Variance Favorable / (Unfavorable)		% Variance
Revenue:
New vehicle	$	3,248.1	$	2,979.3	$	268.8	9.0
Retail used vehicle	1,792.1		1,833.8		(41.7)		(2.3)
Wholesale	130.3		162.3		(32.0)		(19.7)
Used vehicle	1,922.4		1,996.1		(73.7)		(3.7)
Finance and insurance, net	352.5		334.7		17.8		5.3
Total variable operations(1)	5,523.0		5,310.1		212.9		4.0
Parts and service	1,164.0		1,172.4		(8.4)		(0.7)
Other	3.4		3.2		0.2
Total revenue	$	6,690.4	$	6,485.7	$	204.7	3.2
Gross profit:
New vehicle	$	174.9	$	195.9	$	(21.0)	(10.7)
Retail used vehicle	113.0		101.8		11.2		11.0
Wholesale	11.5		9.7		1.8
Used vehicle	124.5		111.5		13.0		11.7
Finance and insurance	352.5		334.7		17.8		5.3
Total variable operations(1)	651.9		642.1		9.8		1.5
Parts and service	567.7		555.8		11.9		2.1
Other	0.3		—		0.3
Total gross profit	1,219.9		1,197.9		22.0		1.8
AutoNation Finance income (loss)	0.1		(5.0)		5.1
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	821.9		793.1		(28.8)		(3.6)
Depreciation and amortization	61.8		58.3		(3.5)


Other expense, net	0.3		1.2		0.9
Operating income	336.0		340.3		(4.3)		(1.3)
Non-operating income (expense) items:
Floorplan interest expense	(46.5)		(49.4)		2.9
Other interest expense	(42.3)		(44.6)		2.3
Other income (loss), net	(13.2)		7.0		(20.2)
Income before income taxes	$	234.0	$	253.3	$	(19.3)	(7.6)
Retail vehicle unit sales:
New vehicle	62,387		58,863		3,524		6.0
Used vehicle	68,000		69,121		(1,121)		(1.6)
	130,387		127,984		2,403		1.9
Revenue per vehicle retailed:
New vehicle	$	52,064	$	50,614	$	1,450	2.9
Used vehicle	$	26,354	$	26,530	$	(176)	(0.7)
Gross profit per vehicle retailed:
New vehicle	$	2,803	$	3,328	$	(525)	(15.8)
Used vehicle	$	1,662	$	1,473	$	189	12.8
Finance and insurance	$	2,703	$	2,615	$	88	3.4
Total variable operations(2)	$	4,912	$	4,941	$	(29)	(0.6)

(1) Total variable operations includes new vehicle, used vehicle (retail and wholesale), and finance and insurance results.
(2) Total variable operations gross profit per vehicle retailed is calculated by dividing the sum of new vehicle, retail used vehicle, and finance and insurance gross profit by total retail vehicle unit sales.

Table of C ontents


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025 (%)	2024 (%)
Revenue mix percentages:
New vehicle	48.5	45.9
Used vehicle	28.7	30.8
Parts and service	17.4	18.1
Finance and insurance, net	5.3	5.2
Other	0.1	—
Total	100.0	100.0
Gross profit mix percentages:
New vehicle	14.3	16.4
Used vehicle	10.2	9.3
Parts and service	46.5	46.4
Finance and insurance	28.9	27.9
Other	0.1	—
Total	100.0	100.0
Operating items as a percentage of revenue:
Gross profit:
New vehicle	5.4	6.6
Used vehicle - retail	6.3	5.6
Parts and service	48.8	47.4
Total	18.2	18.5
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	12.3	12.2
Operating income	5.0	5.2
Other operating items as a percentage of total gross profit:
Selling, general, and administrative expenses	67.4	66.2
Operating income	27.5	28.4

	March 31,
	2025	2024
Inventory days supply:
New vehicle (industry standard of selling days)	38 days	44 days
Used vehicle (trailing calendar month days)	36 days	31 days

Table of C ontents

Same Store Operating Data

We have presented below our operating results on a same store basis to reflect our internal performance. The “Same Store” amounts presented below include the results of our stores for the identical months in each period presented in the comparison, commencing with the first full month in which the store was owned by us. Results from divested stores are excluded from both current and prior periods. Therefore, the amounts presented in the 2024 column may differ from the same store amounts presented for 2024 in the prior year. We believe the presentation of this information provides a meaningful comparison of period-over-period results of our operations.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions, except per vehicle data)	2025		2024		Variance Favorable / (Unfavorable)		% Variance
Revenue:
New vehicle	$	3,247.6	$	2,947.4	$	300.2	10.2
Retail used vehicle	1,766.5		1,804.1		(37.6)		(2.1)
Wholesale	127.7		158.4		(30.7)		(19.4)
Used vehicle	1,894.2		1,962.5		(68.3)		(3.5)
Finance and insurance, net	349.2		330.4		18.8		5.7
Total variable operations(1)	5,491.0		5,240.3		250.7		4.8
Parts and service	1,160.6		1,137.2		23.4		2.1
Other	3.4		3.3		0.1
Total revenue	$	6,655.0	$	6,380.8	$	274.2	4.3
Gross profit:
New vehicle	$	174.9	$	194.2	$	(19.3)	(9.9)
Retail used vehicle	111.7		100.3		11.4		11.4
Wholesale	11.7		10.0		1.7
Used vehicle	123.4		110.3		13.1		11.9
Finance and insurance	349.2		330.4		18.8		5.7
Total variable operations(1)	647.5		634.9		12.6		2.0
Parts and service	565.8		544.1		21.7		4.0
Other	0.3		—		0.3
Total gross profit	$	1,213.6	$	1,179.0	$	34.6	2.9
Retail vehicle unit sales:
New vehicle	62,379		58,227		4,152		7.1
Used vehicle	66,787		67,850		(1,063)		(1.6)
	129,166		126,077		3,089		2.5
Revenue per vehicle retailed:
New vehicle	$	52,062	$	50,619	$	1,443	2.9
Used vehicle	$	26,450	$	26,590	$	(140)	(0.5)
Gross profit per vehicle retailed:
New vehicle	$	2,804	$	3,335	$	(531)	(15.9)
Used vehicle	$	1,672	$	1,478	$	194	13.1
Finance and insurance	$	2,703	$	2,621	$	82	3.1
Total variable operations(2)	$	4,922	$	4,956	$	(34)	(0.7)

(1) Total variable operations includes new vehicle, used vehicle (retail and wholesale), and finance and insurance results.
(2) Total variable operations gross profit per vehicle retailed is calculated by dividing the sum of new vehicle, retail used vehicle, and finance and insurance gross profit by total retail vehicle unit sales.

Table of C ontents


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025 (%)	2024 (%)
Revenue mix percentages:
New vehicle	48.8	46.2
Used vehicle	28.5	30.8
Parts and service	17.4	17.8
Finance and insurance, net	5.2	5.2
Other	0.1	—
Total	100.0	100.0
Gross profit mix percentages:
New vehicle	14.4	16.5
Used vehicle	10.2	9.4
Parts and service	46.6	46.1
Finance and insurance	28.8	28.0
Other	—	—
Total	100.0	100.0
Operating items as a percentage of revenue:
Gross profit:
New vehicle	5.4	6.6
Used vehicle - retail	6.3	5.6
Parts and service	48.8	47.8
Total	18.2	18.5

The following discussions of new vehicle, used vehicle, parts and service, and finance and insurance results are on a same store basis. The differences between reported amounts and same store amounts in revenue and gross profit of these lines of business in the tables below are related to acquisition and divestiture activity, as well as the opening of AutoNation USA used vehicle stores, as applicable.

Table of C ontents

New Vehicle


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions, except per vehicle data)	2025		2024		Variance Favorable / (Unfavorable)		% Variance
Reported:
Revenue	$	3,248.1	$	2,979.3	$	268.8	9.0
Gross profit	$	174.9	$	195.9	$	(21.0)	(10.7)
Retail vehicle unit sales	62,387		58,863		3,524		6.0
Revenue per vehicle retailed	$	52,064	$	50,614	$	1,450	2.9
Gross profit per vehicle retailed	$	2,803	$	3,328	$	(525)	(15.8)
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue	5.4%		6.6%
Inventory days supply (industry standard of selling days)	38 days		44 days

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024		Variance Favorable / (Unfavorable)		% Variance
Same Store:
Revenue	$	3,247.6	$	2,947.4	$	300.2	10.2
Gross profit	$	174.9	$	194.2	$	(19.3)	(9.9)
Retail vehicle unit sales	62,379		58,227		4,152		7.1
Revenue per vehicle retailed	$	52,062	$	50,619	$	1,443	2.9
Gross profit per vehicle retailed	$	2,804	$	3,335	$	(531)	(15.9)
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue	5.4%		6.6%

First Quarter 2025 compared to First Quarter 2024

Same store new vehicle revenue increased during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024 due to an increase in same store unit volume and same store revenue PVR. The increase in same store unit volume was due in part to an increase in supply and availability of new vehicle inventory and an increase in manufacturer incentives to customers, including low-interest financing and customer rebates, as compared to the prior year. In addition, same store unit volume benefited from an increase in same store unit volume for hybrid vehicles and an increase in consumer demand in the later part of March 2025 following tariff-related announcements.

Same store new vehicle revenue PVR increased during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to a 2% shift in mix towards Premium Luxury vehicles, which have relatively higher average selling prices. New vehicle revenue PVR also benefited from an increase in the average selling price for Import vehicles, partially due to an increase in average manufacturers’ suggested retail prices.

Same store new vehicle gross profit PVR decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to an increase in supply and availability of new vehicle inventory as compared to the prior year, which has resulted in moderation of margins following post-pandemic elevated levels.

Table of C ontents

New Vehicle Inventory Carrying Expense

The following table details net new vehicle inventory carrying expense, consisting of new vehicle floorplan interest expense, net of floorplan assistance earned (amounts received from manufacturers specifically to support store financing of new vehicle inventory). Floorplan assistance is accounted for as a component of new vehicle gross profit in accordance with GAAP.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2025		2024		Variance
Floorplan assistance	$	31.1	$	31.9	$	(0.8)
New vehicle floorplan interest expense	(44.0)		(46.6)		2.6
Net new vehicle inventory carrying expense	$	(12.9)	$	(14.7)	$	1.8

First Quarter 2025 compared to First Quarter 2024

The net new vehicle inventory carrying expense decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to a decrease in floorplan interest expense due to lower average interest rates, partially offset by higher average vehicle floorplan balances.

Table of C ontents

Used Vehicle


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions, except per vehicle data)	2025		2024		Variance Favorable / (Unfavorable)		% Variance
Reported:
Retail revenue	$	1,792.1	$	1,833.8	$	(41.7)	(2.3)
Wholesale revenue	130.3		162.3		(32.0)		(19.7)
Total revenue	$	1,922.4	$	1,996.1	$	(73.7)	(3.7)
Retail gross profit	$	113.0	$	101.8	$	11.2	11.0
Wholesale gross profit	11.5		9.7		1.8
Total gross profit	$	124.5	$	111.5	$	13.0	11.7
Retail vehicle unit sales	68,000		69,121		(1,121)		(1.6)
Revenue per vehicle retailed	$	26,354	$	26,530	$	(176)	(0.7)
Gross profit per vehicle retailed	$	1,662	$	1,473	$	189	12.8
Retail gross profit as a percentage of retail revenue	6.3%		5.6%
Inventory days supply (trailing calendar month days)	36 days		31 days

	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024		Variance Favorable / (Unfavorable)		% Variance
Same Store:
Retail revenue	$	1,766.5	$	1,804.1	$	(37.6)	(2.1)
Wholesale revenue	127.7		158.4		(30.7)		(19.4)
Total revenue	$	1,894.2	$	1,962.5	$	(68.3)	(3.5)
Retail gross profit	$	111.7	$	100.3	$	11.4	11.4
Wholesale gross profit	11.7		10.0		1.7
Total gross profit	$	123.4	$	110.3	$	13.1	11.9
Retail vehicle unit sales	66,787		67,850		(1,063)		(1.6)
Revenue per vehicle retailed	$	26,450	$	26,590	$	(140)	(0.5)
Gross profit per vehicle retailed	$	1,672	$	1,478	$	194	13.1
Retail gross profit as a percentage of retail revenue	6.3%		5.6%

First Quarter 2025 compared to First Quarter 2024

Same store retail used vehicle revenue decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, due to a decrease in unit volume, particularly for mid- to higher-priced used vehicles, resulting from a 2% shift in mix from used vehicles to new vehicles. The shift in mix from used vehicles to new vehicles was due in part to lower availability and levels of late model used vehicles, as well an increase in supply of new vehicle inventory and an increase in manufacturer new vehicle incentives to customers, including low-interest financing and customer rebates. Wholesale used vehicle revenue decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, due to a decrease in revenue per unit wholesaled resulting from a shift in mix to lower-value used vehicles.

Same store used vehicle gross profit PVR increased during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024. Used vehicle gross profit PVR in the prior year was adversely impacted by certain actions taken in the first quarter of 2024 to support our used vehicle inventory initiatives and achieve a more optimal inventory supply. The increase in gross profit PVR was partially offset by a shift in mix towards lower-priced entry-level vehicles, which have relatively lower average gross profit PVR.

Table of C ontents

Parts and Service


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2025		2024		Variance Favorable / (Unfavorable)		% Variance
Reported:
Revenue	$	1,164.0	$	1,172.4	$	(8.4)	(0.7)
Gross Profit	$	567.7	$	555.8	$	11.9	2.1
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue	48.8%		47.4%

Same Store:
Revenue	$	1,160.6	$	1,137.2	$	23.4	2.1
Gross Profit	$	565.8	$	544.1	$	21.7	4.0
Gross profit as a percentage of revenue	48.8%		47.8%

Parts and service revenue is primarily derived from vehicle repairs and maintenance paid directly by customers or via reimbursement from manufacturers and others under warranty programs, as well as from wholesale parts sales, the preparation of vehicles for sale, and collision services.

First Quarter 2025 compared to First Quarter 2024

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, same store parts and service revenue increased compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to an increase in revenue associated with warranty service of $33.7 million, partially offset by a decrease in wholesale parts sales of $14.5 million. In addition, same store parts and service revenue per service day for the three months ended March 31, 2025, increased 4% compared to the same period in 2024.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, same store parts and service gross profit increased compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to an increase in gross profit associated with warranty service of $22.7 million, partially offset by a decrease in gross profit associated with wholesale parts sales of $4.4 million. In addition, same store parts and service gross profit per service day for the three months ended March 31, 2025, increased 5% compared to the same period in 2024.

Warranty service revenue and gross profit benefited from an increase in repair order volume, due in part to an increase in manufacturer recalls, improved labor rates, and higher value repair orders. Wholesale parts revenue and gross profit decreased primarily due to a decrease in volume, which was adversely impacted by a decrease in demand from third-party collision centers.

Table of C ontents

Finance and Insurance


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions, except per vehicle data)	2025		2024		Variance Favorable / (Unfavorable)		% Variance
Reported:
Revenue and gross profit	$	352.5	$	334.7	$	17.8	5.3
Gross profit per vehicle retailed	$	2,703	$	2,615	$	88	3.4

Same Store:
Revenue and gross profit	$	349.2	$	330.4	$	18.8	5.7
Gross profit per vehicle retailed	$	2,703	$	2,621	$	82	3.1

Revenue on finance and insurance products represents commissions earned by us primarily for the placement of: (i) loans and leases with third-party financial institutions in connection with customer vehicle purchases financed, (ii) vehicle service contracts with third-party providers, and (iii) other vehicle protection products with third-party providers. We sell these products on a commission basis, and we also participate in the future underwriting profit on certain products pursuant to retrospective commission arrangements with the issuers of those products.

As we continue to grow our AutoNation Finance business and increase our finance penetration rates associated with vehicles sold through our stores, we expect that income related to arranging customer financing will shift to AutoNation Finance and that the resulting decrease in finance and insurance gross profit will be offset by greater profitability generated by our AutoNation Finance business. Interest income on financing provided through AutoNation Finance is recognized over the contractual term of the related loans. See “AutoNation Finance” for additional information.

First Quarter 2025 compared to First Quarter 2024

Same store finance and insurance revenue and gross profit increased during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, due to increases in finance and insurance gross profit PVR and new vehicle unit volume, partially offset by a decrease in used vehicle unit volume. Finance and insurance gross profit PVR benefited from higher realized margins on certain vehicle protection products, partially offset by an increase in retail vehicle sales financed through AutoNation Finance.

Table of C ontents

Segment Results

In the following table of financial data, revenue and segment income of our reportable segments are reconciled to consolidated revenue and consolidated operating income, respectively. The following discussions of segment results are on a reported basis.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2025		2024		Variance Favorable / (Unfavorable)		% Variance
Revenue:
Domestic	$	1,717.4	$	1,756.7	$	(39.3)	(2.2)
Import	2,047.3		1,979.5		67.8		3.4
Premium Luxury	2,576.5		2,414.9		161.6		6.7
Total Franchised Dealerships	6,341.2		6,151.1		190.1		3.1
Corporate and other	349.2		334.6		14.6		4.4
Total consolidated revenue	$	6,690.4	$	6,485.7	$	204.7	3.2
Segment income(1):
Domestic	$	69.0	$	75.2	$	(6.2)	(8.2)
Import	126.2		128.8		(2.6)		(2.0)
Premium Luxury	178.7		171.6		7.1		4.1
Total Franchised Dealerships	373.9		375.6		(1.7)		(0.5)
AutoNation Finance income (loss)	0.1		(5.0)		5.1
Corporate and other(2)	(84.5)		(79.7)		(4.8)
Floorplan interest expense	46.5		49.4		2.9
Operating income	$	336.0	$	340.3	$	(4.3)	(1.3)

Retail new vehicle unit sales:
Domestic	16,778		15,902		876		5.5
Import	28,003		27,568		435		1.6
Premium Luxury	17,606		15,393		2,213		14.4
	62,387		58,863		3,524		6.0

Retail used vehicle unit sales:
Domestic	18,424		19,763		(1,339)		(6.8)
Import	23,155		23,765		(610)		(2.6)
Premium Luxury	19,017		18,963		54		0.3
Other	7,404		6,630		774		11.7
	68,000		69,121		(1,121)		(1.6)

(1) Segment income for the Domestic, Import, and Premium Luxury reportable segments is a non-GAAP measure and is defined as operating income less floorplan interest expense.
(2) Comprised of our non-franchised businesses, including AutoNation USA used vehicle stores, collision centers, parts distribution centers, auction operations, and AutoNation Mobile Service, all of which do not meet the quantitative thresholds for reportable segments. “Corporate and other” income (loss) also includes unallocated corporate overhead expenses and other income items.

Table of C ontents

Domestic

The Domestic segment operating results included the following:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2025		2024		Variance Favorable / (Unfavorable)		% Variance
Revenue:
New vehicle	$	860.2	$	814.4	$	45.8	5.6
Used vehicle	486.1		543.0		(56.9)		(10.5)
Parts and service	269.0		302.1		(33.1)		(11.0)
Finance and insurance, net	101.8		97.0		4.8		4.9
Other	0.3		0.2		0.1
Total Revenue	$	1,717.4	$	1,756.7	$	(39.3)	(2.2)
Gross Profit:
New vehicle	$	25.5	$	40.9	$	(15.4)	(37.7)
Used vehicle	27.1		22.9		4.2		18.3
Parts and service	123.7		133.7		(10.0)		(7.5)
Finance and insurance, net	101.8		97.0		4.8		4.9
Other	0.4		0.2		0.2
Total Gross Profit	$	278.5	$	294.7	$	(16.2)	(5.5)
Segment income	$	69.0	$	75.2	$	(6.2)	(8.2)
Retail vehicle unit sales:
New vehicle	16,778		15,902		876		5.5
Used vehicle	18,424		19,763		(1,339)		(6.8)
	35,202		35,665		(463)		(1.3)

First Quarter 2025 compared to First Quarter 2024

Domestic revenue decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to a decrease in used vehicle revenue, approximately 80% of which was due to lower used vehicle unit volume and 20% was driven by a decrease in average selling prices, with used vehicle revenue PVR down $480 compared to the prior year. Approximately $36 million of the decrease in used vehicle revenue was related to the divestitures we completed in the third quarter of 2024. The decrease in used vehicle unit volume was due in part to a 3% shift in mix from used vehicles to new vehicles. The decrease in used vehicle revenue PVR was primarily due to a shift in mix towards lower-priced entry-level used vehicles. Domestic revenue was also adversely impacted by decreases in parts and service revenue associated with wholesale parts sales of $21.9 million and customer-pay service of $5.2 million. The decreases in Domestic revenue were partially offset by an increase in new vehicle unit volume as a result of an increase in supply and availability of new vehicle inventory, an increase in manufacturer incentives to customers, including low-interest financing and customer rebates, and sustained consumer demand, which accelerated in the later part of March 2025 following tariff-related announcements.

Domestic segment income decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to decreases in new vehicle gross profit and parts and service gross profit. New vehicle gross profit was adversely impacted by a decrease in new vehicle gross profit PVR due to continued moderation of margins, which decreased 200 basis points, resulting from an increase in supply and availability of new vehicle inventory as compared to the prior year. Parts and service gross profit was adversely impacted by decreases in gross profit associated with wholesale parts sales of $4.4 million and customer-pay service of $3.1 million. The decreases in Domestic segment income were partially offset by a $13.4 million decrease in SG&A expenses related to the divestitures we completed in the third quarter of 2024. Domestic segment income also benefited from an increase in finance and insurance gross profit PVR of $172 largely as a result of higher realized margins on certain vehicle protection products.

Table of C ontents

Import

The Import segment operating results included the following:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2025		2024		Variance Favorable / (Unfavorable)		% Variance
Revenue:
New vehicle	$	1,062.0	$	1,006.8	$	55.2	5.5
Used vehicle	546.7		557.2		(10.5)		(1.9)
Parts and service	318.6		294.7		23.9		8.1
Finance and insurance, net	118.5		119.2		(0.7)		(0.6)
Other	1.5		1.6		(0.1)
Total Revenue	2,047.3		1,979.5		67.8		3.4
Gross Profit:
New vehicle	$	57.2	$	64.7	$	(7.5)	(11.6)
Used vehicle	36.6		34.2		2.4		7.0
Parts and service	159.4		144.0		15.4		10.7
Finance and insurance, net	118.5		119.2		(0.7)		(0.6)
Other	(1.3)		(1.4)		0.1
Total Gross Profit	$	370.4	$	360.7	$	9.7	2.7
Segment income	$	126.2	$	128.8	$	(2.6)	(2.0)
Retail vehicle unit sales:
New vehicle	28,003		27,568		435		1.6
Used vehicle	23,155		23,765		(610)		(2.6)
	51,158		51,333		(175)		(0.3)

First Quarter 2025 compared to First Quarter 2024

Import revenue increased during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to an increase in new vehicle revenue, approximately 70% of which was due to an increase in average selling prices, with new vehicle revenue PVR up $1,404, due in part to a 5% increase in average manufacturers’ suggested retail prices. New vehicle revenue also benefited from an increase in new vehicle unit volume as a result of an increase in supply and availability of new vehicle inventory, an increase in manufacturer incentives to customers, including low-interest financing and customer rebates, and sustained consumer demand, which accelerated in the later part of March 2025 following tariff-related announcements. Import revenue also benefited, to a lesser extent, from an increase in parts and service revenue, largely due to an increase in revenue associated with warranty service of $24.9 million. The increases in Import revenue were partially offset by a decrease in used vehicle revenue driven by a $7.6 million decrease in used vehicle wholesale revenue due to a decrease in revenue per unit wholesaled as we retained more higher-value used vehicles for retail used vehicle sales.

Import segment income decreased during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to a decrease in new vehicle gross profit PVR of $304 due to continued moderation of margins, which decreased 100 basis points, resulting from an increase in supply and availability of new vehicle inventory. In addition, Import segment income was adversely impacted by an increase in SG&A expenses of $11.3 million, largely due to an increase in performance-driven compensation expense. The decreases in Import segment income were partially offset by an increase in parts and service gross profit associated with warranty service of $16.0 million.

Table of C ontents

Premium Luxury

The Premium Luxury segment operating results included the following:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2025		2024		Variance Favorable / (Unfavorable)		% Variance
Revenue:
New vehicle	$	1,325.9	$	1,158.1	$	167.8	14.5
Used vehicle	712.1		736.2		(24.1)		(3.3)
Parts and service	424.4		417.2		7.2		1.7
Finance and insurance, net	114.1		103.3		10.8		10.5
Other	—		0.1		(0.1)
Total Revenue	$	2,576.5	$	2,414.9	$	161.6	6.7
Gross Profit:
New vehicle	92.2		90.4		1.8		2.0
Used vehicle	43.1		39.7		3.4		8.6
Parts and service	225.0		220.1		4.9		2.2
Finance and insurance, net	114.1		103.3		10.8		10.5
Other	0.1		—		0.1
Total Gross Profit	474.5		453.5		21.0		4.6
Segment income	$	178.7	$	171.6	$	7.1	4.1
Retail vehicle unit sales:
New vehicle	17,606		15,393		2,213		14.4
Used vehicle	19,017		18,963		54		0.3
	36,623		34,356		2,267		6.6

First Quarter 2025 compared to First Quarter 2024

Premium Luxury revenue increased during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to an increase in new vehicle revenue, over 95% of which was due to an increase in new vehicle unit volume as a result of an increase in supply and availability of new vehicle inventory and sustained consumer demand, which accelerated in the later part of March 2025 following tariff-related announcements. The increase in Premium Luxury new vehicle revenue was partially offset by a decrease in used vehicle revenue driven by a decrease in wholesale used vehicle revenue of $12.9 million due to a decrease in revenue per unit wholesaled resulting in a shift in mix to lower-value used vehicles, and a decrease in retail used vehicle revenue of $11.2 million driven by a $693 decrease in used vehicle revenue PVR due to the shift in mix towards lower-priced entry-level used vehicles.

Premium Luxury segment income increased during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to an increase in finance and insurance gross profit, approximately 60% of which was due to an increase in vehicle unit volume and 40% of which was driven by an increase in finance and insurance gross profit PVR largely due to higher realized margins on certain vehicle protection products. Premium luxury segment income also benefited, to a lesser extent, from an increase in parts and service gross profit associated with warranty service of $5.8 million and an increase in used vehicle gross profit largely due to a $104 increase in used vehicle gross profit PVR. The increases in Premium Luxury segment income were partially offset by an increase in SG&A expenses of $13.4 million, largely due to an increase in performance-driven compensation expense.

Table of C ontents

AutoNation Finance

AutoNation Finance (“ANF”), our captive auto finance company, provides indirect financing to qualified retail customers on vehicles we sell. This business provides us an opportunity to extend our relationship with the customer beyond the vehicle sale and participate in the customer’s entire vehicle ownership cycle. As a result, we are able to diversify our sources of income, generate additional profits, cash flows, and sales, and increase customer retention. Prior to October 2023, ANF also purchased retail vehicle installment sales contracts through third-party dealers.

ANF income (loss) includes the interest and fee income generated by auto loans receivable less the interest expense associated with the debt issued or used to fund these receivables, a provision for estimated credit losses on the auto loans receivable originated or acquired, and direct expenses. Interest income on auto loans receivable is recognized over the contractual term of the related loans. ANF income (loss) does not include amortization of intercompany discounts or intercompany dealer participation fees. The following table presents the components of ANF income (loss):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2025		%(1)		2024		%(1)
Interest margin:
Interest and fee income	$	41.9	13.2	%	$	21.8	17.8	%
Interest expense	(13.9)		(4.4)	%	(7.0)		(5.7)	%
Total interest margin	28.0		8.8	%	14.8		12.1	%
Provision for credit losses	(18.9)		(6.0)	%	(10.2)		(8.3)	%
Total interest margin after provision for loan losses	9.1		2.9	%	4.6		3.7	%
Direct expenses(2)	(9.0)		(2.8)	%	(9.6)		(7.8)	%

AutoNation Finance income (loss)	$	0.1	—	%	$	(5.0)	(4.1)	%

(1) Annualized amounts as a percentage of total average managed receivables.
(2) Direct expenses are comprised primarily of compensation expenses and loan administration costs incurred by our auto finance company.

First Quarter 2025 compared to First Quarter 2024

ANF recognized income of $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025, and a loss of $5.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024. The current year period benefited from an increase in interest income from the growth in managed receivables and a declining expected credit loss rate. Managed receivables increased as we continue to grow our ANF business and increase our finance penetration rates associated with vehicles sold through our stores. The declining expected credit loss rate reflects the improved credit quality of new loan originations and the sale of third-party receivables originated through third-party dealers that we completed in the fourth quarter of 2024. In addition, ANF continues to realize operational efficiencies as the portfolio scales, resulting in reduced direct expenses as a percentage of the managed portfolio.

Table of C ontents

The following tables present selected loan origination and loan performance information:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2025			2024
Loan Origination Information
Loans originated	$	460.4		$	161.2
Vehicle units financed	13,248			5,095
Penetration rate(1)	10.2		%	4.0		%
Weighted average contract rate	11.0		%	13.5		%
Weighted average credit score(2)	695			659
Weighted average loan-to-value(3)	103.9		%	103.4		%
Weighted average term (in months)	72.5			71.8

(1) Units financed as a percentage of total new and used retail vehicle units sold.
(2) Represents weighted average FICO scores for receivables with obligors that have a FICO score at the time of application. For receivables with co-borrowers, we use the primary borrower’s FICO score. FICO scores are not a significant factor in our proprietary credit model, which relies on information from credit bureaus and other information.
(3) Front-end loan-to-value represents the ratio of the amount financed to the total collateral value, which is measured as the vehicle selling price plus applicable taxes, title, and fees.


($ in millions)	March 31, 2025			March 31, 2024
Loan Performance Information
Total average managed receivables	$	1,269.8		$	490.8
Allowance for credit losses as a percentage of ending managed receivables	4.6		%	8.5		%
Net credit losses on managed receivables	$	7.1		$	8.4
Annualized net credit losses as a percentage of total average managed receivables	2.2		%	6.8		%
Past due accounts as a percentage of ending managed receivables	2.0		%	4.2		%
Average recovery rate(1)	47.4		%	35.0		%

(1) Represents the average percentage of the outstanding principal balance we receive when a vehicle is repossessed and liquidated, generally at wholesale auctions.

We typically use non-recourse funding facilities, including warehouse facilities and asset-backed term funding transactions, as well as free cash flows from operations to fund the auto loans receivable of ANF. See Notes 6 and 9 of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information about our auto loans receivables and related non-recourse debt, respectively.

Table of C ontents

Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses

Our Selling, General, and Administrative (“SG&A”) expenses consist primarily of compensation, including store and corporate salaries, commissions, and incentive-based compensation, as well as advertising (net of reimbursement-based manufacturer advertising rebates), and store and corporate overhead expenses, which include occupancy costs, outside service costs, information technology expenses, service loaner and rental inventory expenses, legal, accounting, and professional services, and general corporate expenses. The following table presents the major components of our SG&A expenses.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
($ in millions)	2025		2024		Variance Favorable / (Unfavorable)		% Variance
Reported:
Compensation	$	530.2	$	516.7	$	(13.5)	(2.6)
Advertising	62.0		58.1		(3.9)		(6.7)
Store and corporate overhead	229.7		218.3		(11.4)		(5.2)
Total	$	821.9	$	793.1	$	(28.8)	(3.6)

SG&A as a % of total gross profit:
Compensation	43.5		43.1		(40)		bps
Advertising	5.1		4.9		(20)		bps
Store and corporate overhead	18.8		18.2		(60)		bps
Total	67.4		66.2		(120)		bps

First Quarter 2025 compared to First Quarter 2024

SG&A expenses increased during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to an increase in performance-driven compensation expense, an increase in advertising expenses to support vehicle sales, an increase in insurance-related expenses of $4.7 million, and newly opened stores. The increases in SG&A expenses were partially offset by divestitures and a decrease in deferred compensation obligations of $8.7 million as a result of changes in market performance of the underlying investments. As a percentage of total gross profit, SG&A expenses increased to 67.4% during the three months ended March 31, 2025, from 66.2% in the same period in 2024, primarily due to the moderation of gross profit and increases in SG&A expenses as described above.

Other Income, Net (Operating)

Other Income, Net includes gains or losses associated with property divestitures and asset impairments, among other items.

Non-Operating Income (Expense)

Floorplan Interest Expense

Floorplan interest rates are variable and, therefore, increase and decrease with changes in the underlying benchmark interest rates.

First Quarter 2025 compared to First Quarter 2024

Floorplan interest expense was $46.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $49.4 million for the same period in 2024. The decrease in floorplan interest expense of $2.9 million was primarily due to lower average interest rates, partially offset by higher average vehicle floorplan balances.

Table of C ontents

Interest Expense

Other interest expense includes the interest related to non-vehicle long-term debt, commercial paper, and finance lease obligations.

First Quarter 2025 compared to First Quarter 2024

Other interest expense was $42.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $44.6 million for the same period in 2024. The decrease in interest expense of $2.3 million was driven by lower average debt balances.

Other Income (Loss), Net

We recognized a net loss of $1.9 million and net gain of $7.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, related to changes in the cash surrender value of corporate-owned life insurance (“COLI”) for deferred compensation plan participants as a result of changes in market performance of the underlying investments. Gains and losses related to the COLI are substantially offset by corresponding increases and decreases, respectively, in the deferred compensation obligations, which are reflected in SG&A expenses.

We recorded unrealized losses of $11.5 million and $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, related to the change in fair value of the underlying securities of our minority equity investments. During the period that we hold our minority equity investments, unrealized gains and losses will be recorded as the fair market values of securities with readily determinable fair values change over time, or as observable price changes are identified for securities without readily determinable fair values. See Note 14 of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

Income Tax Provision

Income taxes are provided based upon our anticipated underlying annual blended federal and state income tax rates adjusted, as necessary, for any discrete tax matters occurring during the period. As we operate in various states, our effective tax rate is also dependent upon our geographic revenue mix. Our effective income tax rate was 25.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and 2024.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We manage our liquidity to ensure access to sufficient funding at acceptable costs to fund our ongoing operating requirements and future capital expenditures while continuing to meet our financial obligations. We believe that our cash and cash equivalents, funds generated through operations, and amounts available under our revolving credit facility, commercial paper program, secured used vehicle floorplan facilities, and non-recourse warehouse facilities will be sufficient to fund our working capital requirements, fund the origination of auto loans receivable, service our debt, pay our tax obligations and commitments and contingencies, and meet any seasonal operating requirements for the foreseeable future. Depending on market conditions, we may from time to time issue debt, including in private or public offerings, to augment our liquidity, to reduce our cost of capital, or for general corporate purposes. In addition, we may seek to securitize auto loans receivable to provide funding for our auto finance company.

Table of C ontents

Available Liquidity Resources

We had the following sources of liquidity available:


(In millions)	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents	$	70.5		$	59.8
Revolving credit facility	$	1,857.6	(1)(2)	$	1,899.2
Secured used vehicle floorplan facilities (3)	$	0.1		$	0.4
Non-recourse warehouse facilities (4)	$	0.2		$	1.1

(1) At March 31, 2025, we had $0.8 million of letters of credit outstanding. In addition, we use the revolving credit facility under our credit agreement as a liquidity backstop for borrowings under our commercial paper program. We had $340.0 million of commercial paper notes outstanding at March 31, 2025. See Note 9 of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

(2) As limited by the maximum consolidated leverage ratio in our credit agreement.

(3) Based on the eligible used vehicle inventory that could have been pledged as collateral. See Note 7 of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

(4) Based on the eligible auto loans receivable that have been pledged as collateral. See Note 9 of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information.

In the ordinary course of business, we are required to post performance and surety bonds, letters of credit, and/or cash deposits as financial guarantees of our performance primarily relating to insurance matters. At March 31, 2025, surety bonds, letters of credit, and cash deposits totaled $129.4 million, of which $0.8 million were letters of credit. We do not currently provide cash collateral for outstanding letters of credit.

In February 2025, we filed an automatic shelf registration statement with the SEC that enables us to offer for sale, from time to time and as the capital markets permit, an unspecified amount of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, warrants, subscription rights, depositary shares, stock purchase contracts, and units.

In addition, we own a significant portion of our new vehicle franchise store locations and other locations associated with our non-franchised businesses, as well as other properties. At March 31, 2025, these properties had a net book value of $2.8 billion. None of these properties are mortgaged or encumbered.

Capital Allocation

Our capital allocation strategy is focused on growing long-term value per share. We invest capital in our business to maintain and upgrade our existing facilities and to build new facilities for existing franchises and new AutoNation USA used vehicle stores, as well as for other strategic and technology initiatives. We also deploy capital opportunistically to complete acquisitions or investments, build facilities for newly awarded franchises, and/or repurchase our common stock and/or debt. Our capital allocation decisions are based on factors such as the expected rate of return on our investment, the market price of our common stock versus our view of its intrinsic value, the market price of our debt, the potential impact on our capital structure, our ability to complete acquisitions that meet our strategic objectives, market and vehicle brand criteria, and/or return on investment threshold, and limitations set forth in our debt agreements.

Table of C ontents

Share Repurchases

Our Board of Directors from time to time authorizes the repurchase of shares of our common stock up to a certain monetary limit. A summary of shares repurchased under our stock repurchase program authorized by our Board of Directors follows:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions, except share and per share data)	2025		2024
Shares repurchased	1.4		0.2
Aggregate purchase price (1)	$	224.8	$	38.7
Average purchase price per share	$	164.95	$	158.40

(1) Excludes the excise tax imposed under the Inflation Reduction Act of $1.8 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and March 31, 2024, respectively.

From April 1, 2025, through April 23, 2025, we repurchased 0.2 million shares of common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $28.9 million (average purchase price per share of $157.57). As of April 23, 2025, $607.0 million remained available under our stock repurchase limit authorized by our Board of Directors.

The decision to repurchase shares at any given point in time is based on factors such as the market price of our common stock versus our view of its intrinsic value, the potential impact on our capital structure (including compliance with our maximum leverage ratio, minimum interest coverage ratio, and other financial covenants in our debt agreements as well as our available liquidity), and the expected return on competing uses of capital such as acquisitions or investments, capital investments in our current businesses, or repurchases of our debt.

Capital Expenditures

The following table sets forth information regarding our capital expenditures:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)	2025		2024
Purchases of property and equipment	$	75.2	$	93.7

Acquisitions and Divestitures

We purchased one Domestic store and one Import store during the three months ended March 31, 2025. We did not purchase any stores during the three months ended March 31, 2024. We did not divest any stores during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)	2025		2024
Cash paid for business acquisitions, net	$	(69.6)	$	—
Cash received from business divestitures, net	$	—	$	—

We regularly review our store portfolio and may acquire or divest stores to optimize our operations and footprint. We typically utilize proceeds related to asset sales, including business and real estate divestitures, to fund our capital investments and strategic initiatives or for other general corporate purposes.

Table of C ontents

Debt

The following table sets forth our non-vehicle long-term debt, as of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024.



(In millions)
Debt Description	Maturity Date	Interest Payable	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
4.5% Senior Notes	October 1, 2025	April 1 and October 1	$	450.0	$	450.0
3.8% Senior Notes	November 15, 2027	May 15 and November 15	300.0		300.0
1.95% Senior Notes	August 1, 2028	February 1 and August 1	400.0		400.0
4.75% Senior Notes	June 1, 2030	June 1 and December 1	500.0		500.0
2.40% Senior Notes	August 1, 2031	February 1 and August 1	450.0		450.0
3.85% Senior Notes	March 1, 2032	March 1 and September 1	700.0		700.0
5.89% Senior Notes	March 15, 2035	March 15 and September 15	500.0		—
Revolving credit facility	July 18, 2028	Monthly	—		—
Finance leases and other debt	Various dates through 2041		344.5		350.0
			3,644.5		3,150.0
Less: unamortized debt discounts and debt issuance costs			(21.8)		(17.9)
Less: current maturities			(518.2)		(518.5)
Long-term debt, net of current maturities			$	3,104.5	$	2,613.6

On February 24, 2025, we issued $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.89% Senior Notes due 2035, which were sold at 99.995% of the aggregate principal amount.

We had commercial paper notes outstanding of $340.0 million at March 31, 2025, and $630.0 million at December 31, 2024.

We had non-recourse debt under our warehouse facilities of $1.1 billion at March 31, 2025, and $801.5 million at December 31, 2024, and non-recourse debt under term securitizations of consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) of $19.9 million at March 31, 2025, and $24.7 million at December 31, 2024.

A downgrade in our credit ratings could negatively impact the interest rate payable on our 4.5% Senior Notes, 3.8% Senior Notes, and 4.75% Senior Notes and could negatively impact our ability to issue, or the interest rates for, commercial paper notes. Additionally, an increase in our leverage ratio could negatively impact the interest rates charged for borrowings under our revolving credit facility.

See Note 9 of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on our non-vehicle long-term debt, commercial paper, and non-recourse debt.

Restrictions and Covenants

Our amended and restated credit agreement and the indentures for our senior unsecured notes contain customary covenants that place restrictions on us, including our ability to incur additional or guarantee other indebtedness, to create liens or other encumbrances, to engage in sale and leaseback transactions, to sell (or otherwise dispose of) assets, and to merge or consolidate with other entities. Our failure to comply with the covenants contained in our amended and restated credit agreement and the indentures for our senior unsecured notes could result in the acceleration of other indebtedness of AutoNation.

Under our amended and restated credit agreement, we are required to remain in compliance with a maximum leverage ratio and a minimum interest coverage ratio. The leverage ratio is a contractually defined amount principally reflecting non-vehicle debt divided by a measure of earnings. The interest coverage ratio is a contractually defined amount reflecting a measure of earnings divided by certain interest expense principally associated with vehicle floorplan payable and non-vehicle debt. The specific terms of the leverage and interest coverage ratios can be found in our amended and restated credit agreement, which is filed with our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023.

Table of C ontents

As of March 31, 2025, we were in compliance with the covenants under our credit agreement and the indentures for our senior unsecured notes. At March 31, 2025, our leverage and interest coverage ratios were as follows:


	March 31, 2025
	Requirement	Actual
Leverage ratio	≤ 3.75x	2.56x
Interest coverage ratio	≥ 3.00x	4.33x

Vehicle Floorplan Payable

The components of vehicle floorplan payable are as follows:


(In millions)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Vehicle floorplan payable - trade	$	2,029.6	$	2,216.2
Vehicle floorplan payable - non-trade	1,529.3		1,493.5
Vehicle floorplan payable	$	3,558.9	$	3,709.7

Vehicle floorplan facilities are due on demand, but in the case of new vehicle inventories, are generally paid within several business days after the related vehicles are sold. Vehicle floorplan facilities are primarily collateralized by vehicle inventories and related receivables. See Note 7 of the Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on our vehicle floorplan payable.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes the changes in our cash provided by (used in) operating, investing, and financing activities:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
(In millions)	2025		2024
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	(52.5)	$	294.5
Net cash used in investing activities	$	(136.1)	$	(69.3)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	$	214.6	$	(221.1)

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Our primary sources of operating cash flows result from the sale of vehicles, finance and insurance products, and parts and automotive repair and maintenance services, proceeds from vehicle floorplan payable-trade, and collections on auto loans receivable for vehicles sold through our stores. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are repayments of vehicle floorplan payable-trade, purchases of inventory, personnel-related expenditures, originations of loans receivable for vehicles sold through our stores, and payments related to taxes and leased properties.

We had net cash used in operating activities of $52.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and net cash provided by operating activities of $294.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2024. This change was primarily due to a $215.9 million increase in auto loans receivable for vehicles sold through our stores as we continued to grow our AutoNation Finance business. In addition, net cash provided by operating activities was adversely impacted by a build up in accounts receivable at the end of March 2025 due to an acceleration in the pace of vehicle sales in the later part of March 2025 resulting from an increase in consumer demand following tariff-related announcements.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Net cash flows from investing activities consist primarily of cash used in capital additions and activity from business acquisitions, business divestitures, property dispositions, originations of and collections on auto loans receivable acquired through third-party dealers, and other transactions.

We will make facility and infrastructure upgrades and improvements from time to time as we identify projects that are required to maintain our current business or that we expect to provide us with acceptable rates of return.

Table of C ontents

Net cash used in investing activities increased during the three months ended March 31, 2025, as compared to the same period in 2024, primarily due to an increase in cash used for acquisitions and a decrease in collections on auto loans receivable acquired through third-party dealers, partially offset by a decrease in purchases of property and equipment.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

Net cash flows from financing activities primarily include repurchases of common stock, debt activity, and changes in vehicle floorplan payable-non-trade.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we issued $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.89% Senior Notes due 2035. Cash flows from financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2025, reflect cash payments of $4.9 million for debt issuance costs associated with the senior note issuance that are being amortized to interest expense over the term of the senior notes.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we repurchased 1.4 million shares of common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $224.8 million (average purchase price per share of $164.95), including repurchases for which settlement occurred subsequent to March 31, 2025, and excluding the excise tax imposed under the Inflation Reduction Act. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we repurchased 0.2 million shares of common stock for an aggregate purchase price of $38.7 million (average purchase price per share of $158.40), excluding the excise tax imposed under the Inflation Reduction Act.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we borrowed $407.0 million and repaid $153.0 million under our non-recourse debt facilities. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we borrowed $214.0 million and repaid $127.7 million under our non-recourse debt facilities.

Cash flows from financing activities include changes in commercial paper notes outstanding totaling net payments of $290.0 million and $155.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and changes in vehicle floorplan payable-non-trade totaling net payments of $0.9 million and $93.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Forward-Looking Statements

Our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and prospects, and the prevailing market price and performance of our common stock may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including the matters discussed below. Certain statements and information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including, without limitation, statements regarding our strategic initiatives, partnerships, or investments, including AutoNation Finance, statements regarding potential tariff-related impacts and our expectations for the future performance of our business and the automotive retail industry, including the remainder of 2025, and statements regarding the availability of insurance or other sources of recovery, as well as other written or oral statements made from time to time by us or by our authorized executive officers on our behalf that describe our objectives, goals, or plans, constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements other than statements of historical fact, including statements that describe our objectives, plans or goals are, or may be deemed to be, forward-looking statements. Words such as “anticipate,” “expect,” “estimate,” “intend,” “goal,” “target,” “project,” “plan,” “believe,” “continue,” “may,” “will,” “could,” and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Our forward-looking statements reflect our current expectations concerning future results and events, and they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that are difficult to predict and may cause our actual results, performance, or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by these statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report, and we undertake no obligation to revise or update these statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances. The risks, uncertainties, and other factors that our stockholders and prospective investors should consider include, but are not limited to, the following:

•The automotive retail industry is sensitive to changing economic conditions and various other factors, including, but not limited to, unemployment levels, consumer confidence, fuel prices, interest rates, and tariffs. Our business and results of operations are substantially dependent on new and used vehicle sales levels in the United States and in our particular geographic markets, as well as the gross profit margins that we can achieve on our sales of vehicles, all of which are very difficult to predict.

•Our new vehicle sales are impacted by the incentive, marketing, and other programs of vehicle manufacturers.

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•We are dependent upon the success and continued financial viability of the vehicle manufacturers and distributors with which we hold franchises. In addition, we rely on various third-party suppliers for key products and services.

•We are subject to restrictions imposed by, and significant influence from, vehicle manufacturers that may adversely impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows, and prospects, including our ability to acquire additional stores.

•We are investing significantly in various strategic initiatives, including the planned expansion of our AutoNation Finance business, our AutoNation USA used vehicle stores, and our AutoNation Mobile Service business, and if they are not successful, we will have incurred significant expenses without the benefit of improved financial results.

•If we are not able to maintain and enhance our retail brands and reputation or to attract consumers to our own digital channels, or if events occur that damage our retail brands, reputation, or sales channels, our business and financial results may be harmed.

•We are subject to various risks associated with originating and servicing auto finance loans through indirect lending to customers, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business.

•New laws, regulations, or governmental policies in response to climate change, including fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards, or changes to existing standards, could adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flow, and prospects.

•We are subject to numerous legal and administrative proceedings, which, if the outcomes are adverse to us, could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, and prospects.

•Our operations are subject to extensive governmental laws and regulations. If we are found to be in purported violation of or subject to liabilities under any of these laws or regulations, or if new laws or regulations are enacted that adversely affect our operations, our business, operating results, and prospects could suffer.

•We depend on information technology for our business and are subject to risks related to cybersecurity threats and incidents, including those affecting our third-party suppliers and other service providers. A failure of our information systems or any cybersecurity breaches or unauthorized disclosure of confidential information could have a material adverse effect on our business, disrupt our business, and adversely impact our reputation and results of operations.

•Our debt agreements contain certain financial ratios and other restrictions on our ability to conduct our business, and our substantial indebtedness could adversely affect our financial condition and operations and prevent us from fulfilling our debt service obligations.

•We are subject to interest rate risk in connection with our vehicle floorplan payables, revolving credit facility, commercial paper program, and warehouse facilities that could have a material adverse effect on our profitability.

•Goodwill and other intangible assets comprise a significant portion of our total assets. We must test our goodwill and other intangible assets for impairment at least annually, which could result in a material, non-cash write-down of goodwill or franchise rights and could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and shareholders’ equity.

•Our minority equity investments with readily determinable fair values are required to be measured at fair value each reporting period, which could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition. The carrying values of our minority equity investments that do not have readily determinable fair values are required to be adjusted for observable price changes or impairments, both of which could adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.

•Our largest stockholders, as a result of their ownership stakes in us, may have the ability to exert substantial influence over actions to be taken or approved by our stockholders. In addition, future share repurchases and fluctuations in the levels of ownership of our largest stockholders could impact the volume of trading, liquidity, and market price of our common stock.

•Natural disasters and adverse weather events, including the effects of climate change, can disrupt our business.

Please refer to this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional discussion of the foregoing risks. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances.

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Additional Information

Investors and others should note that we announce material financial information using our company website (www.autonation.com), our investor relations website (investors.autonation.com), SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls, and webcasts. Information about AutoNation, its business, and its results of operations may also be announced by posts on AutoNation’s X feed (www.x.com/autonation).

The information that we post on our websites and social media channels could be deemed to be material information. As a result, we encourage investors, the media, and others interested in AutoNation to review the information that we post on those websites and social media channels. Our social media channels may be updated from time to time on our investor relations website. The information on or accessible through our websites and social media channels is not incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Interest Rate Risk

We have market risk exposure on various instruments that are based on variable interest rates. Interest rate derivatives may be used to hedge a portion of our variable rate debt, when appropriate, based on market conditions.

We had $3.6 billion of variable rate vehicle floorplan payable at March 31, 2025, and $3.7 billion at December 31, 2024. Based on these amounts, a 100 basis point change in interest rates would result in an approximate change to our annual floorplan interest expense of $35.6 million at March 31, 2025, and $37.1 million at December 31, 2024. Our exposure to changes in interest rates with respect to total vehicle floorplan payable is partially mitigated by manufacturers’ floorplan assistance, which in some cases is based on variable interest rates.

We had $340.0 million of commercial paper notes outstanding at March 31, 2025, and $630.0 million at December 31, 2024. Based on the amounts outstanding, a 100 basis point change in interest rates would result in an approximate change to our annual interest expense of $3.4 million at March 31, 2025, and $6.3 million at December 31, 2024.

Our fixed rate senior unsecured notes totaled $3.3 billion and had a fair value of $3.1 billion as of March 31, 2025, and totaled $2.8 billion and had a fair value of $2.6 billion as of December 31, 2024.

As of March 31, 2025, all auto loans receivable outstanding were fixed-rate installment contracts. Financing for these receivables was achieved primarily through both variable- and fixed-rate non-recourse debt. Non-recourse debt includes warehouse facilities and asset-backed term securitizations. Borrowings under the warehouse facilities are variable-rate debt and are secured by the related auto loans receivable. Certain auto loans receivable were funded through term securitizations, which issued notes payable that accrue interest at fixed rates, and are also secured by the related auto loans receivable.

Equity Price Risk

We are subject to equity price risk with respect to minority equity investments. Certain of our equity investments have readily determinable fair values. During the period that we hold these equity investments, unrealized gains and losses will be recorded as the fair market value of the securities change over time. The fair value of these equity investments was $8.5 million at March 31, 2025, and $20.0 million at December 31, 2024. A hypothetical 10% change in the equity prices of these securities with readily determinable fair values would result in an approximate change to gain or loss of $0.9 million at March 31, 2025, and $2.0 million at December 31, 2024. We also have minority equity investments without a readily determinable fair value. These equity investments are measured using a measurement alternative as permitted by accounting standards and were initially recorded at cost, to be subsequently adjusted for observable price changes. During the period that we hold these investments, unrealized gains and losses may be recorded if we identify observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. The carrying amount of our equity investments without a readily determinable fair value was $49.8 million at March 31, 2025, and $49.8 million at December 31, 2024. A hypothetical 10% observable price change for these equity investments would result in an approximate change to gain or loss of $5.0 million at March 31, 2025, and $5.0 million at December 31, 2024. The selected 10% hypothetical change in equity prices is not intended to reflect a best or worst case scenario, as equity price changes could be smaller or larger due to the nature of equity markets.

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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of Rule 13a-15 or 15d-15 under the Exchange Act that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

In addition to the information set forth in this Form 10-Q, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 (our “Form 10-K”), which could materially affect our business, financial condition, or future results. The risk factor set forth below updates one risk factor set forth in our Form 10-K. Other than the risk factor set forth below, there have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in our Form 10-K.

The automotive retail industry is sensitive to changing economic conditions and various other factors, including, but not limited to, unemployment levels, consumer confidence, fuel prices, interest rates, and tariffs. Our business and results of operations are substantially dependent on new and used vehicle sales levels in the United States and in our particular geographic markets, as well as the gross profit margins that we can achieve on our sales of vehicles, all of which are very difficult to predict.

We believe that many factors affect sales of new and used vehicles and automotive retailers’ gross profit margins in the United States and in our particular geographic markets, including the economy, tariffs, fuel prices, credit availability, interest rates, consumer confidence, consumer shopping preferences and the success of third-party online and mobile sales platforms, the level of personal discretionary spending, labor force participation and unemployment rates, the state of housing markets, vehicle production levels and capacity, auto emission and fuel economy standards, the rate of inflation, currency exchange rates, manufacturer incentives (and consumers’ reaction to such offers), intense industry competition, the prospects of war, other international conflicts or terrorist attacks, global pandemics, severe weather events, product quality, affordability and innovation, the number of consumers whose vehicle leases are expiring, the length of consumer loans on existing vehicles, and the rise of ride-sharing applications. The imposition of new tariffs, quotas, duties, or other restrictions or limitations, including the tariffs announced by the U.S. government beginning in the first quarter of 2025 on imported vehicles and parts, could increase prices for vehicles and/or parts imported into the United States, limit the availability of such vehicles and/or parts, and adversely impact affordability and demand for such vehicles and/or parts, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our business and results of operations. The ultimate impact of any tariffs is uncertain and will depend on various factors, including whether the tariffs are maintained and/or implemented, the duration of the tariffs and the timing of their implementation, the amount, scope, and nature of the tariffs, and the related responses from other countries, manufacturers, and/or consumers. Changes in interest rates can significantly impact new and used vehicle sales and vehicle affordability due to the direct relationship between interest rates and monthly loan payments, a critical factor for many vehicle buyers, and the impact interest rates have on customers’ borrowing capacity and disposable income. Any decreases in our customers’ disposable income could also negatively impact their ability to repay loans originated by AutoNation Finance, our captive auto finance company. Sales of certain vehicles, particularly trucks and sport utility vehicles that historically have provided us with higher gross profit per vehicle retailed, are sensitive to fuel prices and the level of construction activity. In addition, rapid changes in fuel prices can cause shifts in consumer preferences which are difficult to accommodate given the long lead-time of inventory acquisition. Our vehicle sales, service, and collision businesses could also be adversely affected by changes in the automotive industry driven by new technologies, distribution channels, or products, including ride-sharing applications, subscription services, autonomous and electric vehicles, and accident avoidance technology.

Approximately 16.0 million, 15.6 million, and 13.9 million new vehicles, including retail and fleet vehicles, were sold in the United States in 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively. Our performance may differ from the performance of the automotive retail industry due to particular economic conditions and other factors in the geographic markets in which we operate. Economic conditions and the other factors described above may also materially adversely impact our sales of parts and automotive repair and maintenance services and automotive finance and insurance products and our ability to approve/provide financing to customers.

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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

The table below sets forth information with respect to shares of common stock repurchased by AutoNation, Inc. during the three months ended March 31, 2025.


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)	Avg. Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under The Plans or Programs (in millions)(1)
January 1, 2025 - January 31, 2025	—	$	—	—	$	—
February 1, 2025 - February 28, 2025	—	$	—	—	$	—
March 1, 2025 - March 31, 2025	1,362,668	$	164.95	1,362,668	$	636.0
Total	1,362,668			1,362,668

(1)Our Board of Directors from time to time authorizes the repurchase of shares of our common stock up to a certain monetary limit. The most recent authorization by the Board of Directors was announced on April 26, 2024 for repurchases of up to an additional $1.0 billion. During the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2025, all of the shares that we repurchased were repurchased under our stock repurchase program. Our stock repurchase program does not have an expiration date.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

During the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2025, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (in each case, as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS


Exhibit No.			Description

4.1			S upplemental Indenture, dated as of February 24, 2025 , by and between AutoNation, Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as succ essor to Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 24, 2025).
4.2			Form of Global Note (included in Exhibit 4.1).
10.1*			T erms of Non-Employee Director Restr icted Stock Units granted under the 2024 AutoNation, Inc. Non-Employee Director Equity Plan.
10.2*			F orm of AutoNation, Inc. Stock Unit Award Agreement under the 2017 Plan for grants in 2025.
10.3*			A utoNatio n, Inc. Stoc k Unit Award Agreement, dated as of March 1, 2025, by and between the Company and Michael Manley.
10.4			A utoNation, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan, as am ended and restated (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed on February 14, 2025).
31.1*			C ertification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act.
31.2*			C ertification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchang e Act.
32.1**			C ertification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
32.2**			Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350.
101*			Inline XBRL Document Set for the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in Part I, Item 1, “Financial Statements” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
104*			Inline XBRL for the cover page of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, included in the Exhibit 101 Inline XBRL Document Set.

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		AUTONATION, INC.

Date:	April 25, 2025	By:	/s/ Kimberly R. Dees
			Kimberly R. Dees Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer

			(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)