10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number: 001-39991

SMARTRENT, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware		85-4218526
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

6811 E. Mayo Blvd., 4th Floor Phoenix, Arizona (Address of Principal Executive Offices)		85054 (Zip Code)

(844) 479-1555

(Registrant’s Telephone Number)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value	SMRT	The New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act): Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 5, 2025, there were 188,178,506 shares of the registrant’s Class A Common Stock outstanding, par value $0.0001 per share.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page

PART I - Financial Information		3
	Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders' Deficit for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	7
	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	9
	Item 2 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	32
	Item 3 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	49
	Item 4 - Controls and Procedures	49

PART II - Other Information		49
	Item 1 - Legal Proceedings	49
	Item 1A - Risk Factors	49
	Item 2 - Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	51
	Item 3 - Defaults Upon Senior Securities	51
	Item 4 - Mine Safety Disclosures	51
	Item 5 - Other Information	51
	Item 6 - Exhibits	52
Signatures		53

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Report”) contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”) that express our opinions, expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, assumptions or projections regarding future events or future results and therefore are, or may be deemed to be, “forward-looking statements.” Words such as “believe,” “may,” “will,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “expect,” “could,” “would,” “project,” “plan,” “potentially,” “preliminary,” “likely,” “aim” and similar expressions, and the negatives of these expressions, are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements appear in a number of places throughout this Report and include statements regarding our intentions, beliefs, or current expectations concerning, among other things, our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity, prospects, growth, strategies, and the markets in which we operate. Forward-looking statements contained in this Report include statements about:

•

our future financial performance, including our expectations regarding revenue, cost of revenue, operating expenses, capital expenditures, cash flows, and ability to achieve profitability;

•

our future operational performance, including our expectations regarding our metrics, including, among others, Annual Recurring Revenue, Average Revenue per Unit, Customer Churn, Property Net Revenue Retention, Customer Net Revenue Retention, Bookings, the number of Units Deployed, New Units Deployed, Units Shipped, and Units Booked;

•

the impact of macroeconomic conditions and geopolitical events on our business;

•

our anticipated investments in sales and marketing and research and development;

•

our recent leadership changes;

•

our ability to maintain our brand;

•

our ability to satisfy certain New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) listing requirements

•

our ability to manage our supply chain;

•

the impact of international trade restrictions, such as tariffs and other controls on imports or exports of goods, technology, or data;

•

our ability to successfully defend litigation brought against us;

•

the sufficiency of our cash, cash equivalents and investments to meet our liquidity needs;

•

our expectations regarding our share repurchase program;

•

our ability to achieve or maintain profitability;

•

our ability to effectively manage our growth and future expenses;

•

our ability to attract new customers, sell into new and existing markets, upsell customers, and develop new products;

•

our investment strategy, business strategy and growth strategy, including the use of acquisitions to grow our business;

•

management’s plans, beliefs and objectives for future operations;

•

our expectations about competition and our ability to compete effectively with new and existing competitors in new and existing markets and offerings;

•

the impact of our acquisitions and our ability to successfully integrate acquired businesses;

•

the impact of seasonal factors on our business;

•

our ability to successfully expand in our existing markets and into new markets;

•

our ability to maintain the security and availability of our platform and products;

•

potential harm caused by significant disruptions of service, or the actual or perceived failure of our products to prevent security incidents;

•

our ability to prevent serious errors or defects across, and to otherwise maintain the interrupted operation of our network;

•

our ability to maintain, protect and enhance our intellectual property;

•

our expectations of the impact of, and our ability to comply with existing, modified or new laws and regulations applicable to our business; and

•

our ability to correctly estimate our tax obligations.

The foregoing list may not contain all of the forward-looking statements made in this Report.

You should not rely on forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations and business strategy. We cannot assure you that the events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will occur. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements.

These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including those described in Part II, Item 1A "Risk Factors" of this Report and in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, filed on March 5, 2025. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the effect of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, the future events and trends discussed in this Report may not occur and actual results could differ materially from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements made in this Report relate only to events as of the date on which the statements were made. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this Report or to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations. You should read this Report and the documents that we reference in this Report and have filed as exhibits to this Report with the understanding that our actual future results, levels of activity, performance and achievements may be materially different from what we expect. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements.

Investors and others should note that we may announce material business and financial information to our investors using our investor relations website (investors.smartrent.com), SEC filings, webcasts, press releases, and conference calls. We use these mediums to communicate with investors and the general public about our company, our products and services, and other issues. It is possible that the information that we make available may be deemed to be material information. We therefore encourage investors, the media and others interested in our company to review the information that we post on our investor relations website.

SmartRent, the SmartRent logo and other trade names, trademarks or service marks of SmartRent appearing in this Report are the property of SmartRent. Trade names, trademarks and service marks of other companies appearing in this Report are the property of their respective holders.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “SmartRent,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” as used in this Report refer to SmartRent, Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its subsidiaries taken as a whole.

PART I. Financial Information

Item 1 - Financial Statements (Unaudited)

SMARTRENT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)


	As of
	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
ASSETS
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	125,600		$	142,482
Accounts receivable, net		49,859			59,299
Inventory		33,189			35,261
Deferred cost of revenue, current portion		7,109			8,727
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		12,106			11,881
Total current assets		227,863			257,650
Property and equipment, net		5,305			2,451
Deferred cost of revenue		1,851			3,073
Goodwill		92,339			117,268
Intangible assets, net		22,406			23,375
Other long-term assets		16,301			16,359
Total assets	$	366,065		$	420,176

LIABILITIES, CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	12,090		$	8,716
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		24,896			27,245
Deferred revenue, current portion		38,887			35,071
Total current liabilities		75,873			71,032
Deferred revenue		32,704			52,588
Other long-term liabilities		6,818			7,121
Total liabilities		115,395			130,741

Commitments and contingencies (Note 12)
Convertible preferred stock, $0.0001 par value; 50,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024; no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024		-			-

Stockholders' equity
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value; 500,000 shares authorized as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively; 191,749 and 192,049 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively		19			19
Additional paid-in capital		639,894			637,361
Accumulated deficit		(389,233	)		(347,847	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(10	)		(98	)
Total stockholders' equity		250,670			289,435
Total liabilities, convertible preferred stock and stockholders' equity	$	366,065		$	420,176

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

SMARTRENT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)


	For the three months ended March 31,
	2025			2024
Revenue
Hardware	$	18,830		$	29,077
Professional services		3,893			3,458
Hosted services		18,621			17,954
Total revenue		41,344			50,489

Cost of revenue
Hardware		13,960			18,684
Professional services		7,293			6,448
Hosted services		6,529			5,934
Total cost of revenue		27,782			31,066

Operating expense
Research and development		8,258			8,362
Sales and marketing		4,770			4,554
General and administrative		16,894			16,666
Total operating expense		29,922			29,582

Impairment charge		24,929			-

Loss from operations		(41,289	)		(10,159	)

Interest income, net		1,200			2,409
Other income, net		13			103
Loss before income taxes		(40,076	)		(7,647	)

Income tax expense		108			45
Net loss	$	(40,184	)	$	(7,692	)
Other comprehensive loss
Foreign currency translation adjustment		88			6
Comprehensive loss	$	(40,096	)	$	(7,686	)
Net loss per common share
Basic and diluted	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.04	)
Weighted-average number of shares used in computing net loss per share
Basic and diluted		192,419			203,485


See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

SMARTRENT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Convertible Preferred Stock				Class A Common Stock
	Shares		Amount (Par Value $0.0001)		Shares			Amount (Par Value $0.0001)		Additional Paid In Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income			Total Stockholders' Equity

Balance, December 31, 2024		-	$	-		192,049		$	19	$	637,361		$	(347,847	)	$	(98	)	$	289,435
Stock-based compensation		-		-		-			-		2,836			-			-			2,836
Issuance of Class A common stock upon vesting of equity awards		-		-		906			-		-			-			-			-
Tax withholdings related to net share settlement of equity awards		-		-		(328	)		-		(478	)		-			-			(478	)
Exercise of options		-		-		-			-		-			-			-			-
Net settlement related to exercise of options		-		-		-								-			-			-
ESPP purchases		-		-		140			-		175			-			-			175
Repurchases of Class A common stock						(1,018	)		-		-			(1,202	)		-			(1,202	)
Net loss		-		-		-			-		-			(40,184	)		-			(40,184	)
Other comprehensive income		-		-													88			88
Balance, March 31, 2025		-	$	-		191,749		$	19	$	639,894		$	(389,233	)	$	(10	)	$	250,670

SMARTRENT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)


	Convertible Preferred Stock				Class A Common Stock
	Shares		Amount (Par Value $0.0001)		Shares			Amount (Par Value $0.0001)		Additional Paid In Capital			Accumulated Deficit			Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income			Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance, December 31, 2023		-	$	-		203,327		$	20	$	628,156		$	(285,512	)	$	(216	)	$	342,448
Stock-based compensation		-		-		-			-		3,281			-			-			3,281
Issuance of Class A common stock upon vesting of equity awards		-		-		775			-		-			-			-			-
Tax withholdings related to net share settlement of equity awards		-		-		(291	)		-		(898	)		-			-			(898	)
Exercise of options		-		-		192			-		2			-			-			2
Net settlement related to exercise of options		-		-		(31	)							-			-			-
ESPP purchases		-		-		134			-		337			-			-			337
Repurchases of Class A common stock						(1,595	)		-		-			(4,397	)		-			(4,397	)
Net loss		-		-		-			-		-			(7,692	)		-			(7,692	)
Other comprehensive income		-		-													6			6
Balance, March 31, 2024		-	$	-		202,511		$	20	$	630,878		$	(297,601	)	$	(210	)	$	333,087

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

SMARTRENT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)


	For the three months ended March 31,
	2025			2024
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net loss	$	(40,184	)	$	(7,692	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization		1,943			1,501
Goodwill impairment		24,929			-
Provision for warranty expense		161			(552	)
Non-cash lease expense		297			375
Stock-based compensation		2,836			3,281
Compensation expense related to acquisition		-			137
Change in fair value of earnout related to acquisition		-			80
Non-cash interest expense		36			39
Provision for excess and obsolete inventory		207			96
Provision for expected credit losses		167			1,181
Non-cash legal expense (Note 12 "Commitments and Contingencies")		-			4,955
Change in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable		9,424			2,701
Inventory		1,885			5,612
Deferred cost of revenue		2,841			2,726
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(380	)		349
Accounts payable		2,540			(7,448	)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(2,615	)		(6,673	)
Deferred revenue		(16,071	)		(3,591	)
Lease liabilities		(185	)		(414	)
Net cash used in operating activities		(12,169	)		(3,337	)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Purchase of property and equipment		(2,180	)		(34	)
Capitalized software costs		(1,289	)		(922	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(3,469	)		(956	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Payments for repurchases of Class A common stock		(1,202	)		(4,373	)
Proceeds from options exercise		-			2
Proceeds from ESPP purchases		175			337
Taxes paid related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards		(478	)		(898	)
Payment of earnout related to acquisition		-			(1,530	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(1,505	)		(6,462	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		261			(6	)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		(16,882	)		(10,761	)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - beginning of period		142,482			215,709
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash - end of period	$	125,600		$	204,948

Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash to the condensed consolidated balance sheets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	125,600		$	204,701
Restricted cash, current portion		-			247
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	125,600		$	204,948

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

SMARTRENT, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - CONTINUED

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)


	For the three months ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Interest paid	$	70	$	72
Cash paid for income taxes		126		6
Schedule of non-cash investing and financing activities
Accrued property and equipment at period end		829		81
Stock repurchases excise tax charged to equity		-		24

See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

NOTE 1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

SmartRent, Inc., and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company"), is an enterprise real estate technology company that provides comprehensive management software and applications designed for property owners, managers and residents. Its suite of products and services, which includes both smart building hardware and cloud-based software-as-a-service ("SaaS") solutions, provides seamless visibility and control over real estate assets. The Company’s solutions can help lower operating costs, increase revenue, mitigate operational friction and protect assets for owners and operators, while providing a differentiated, elevated living experience for residents. The Company is headquartered in Phoenix, Arizona.

NOTE 2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") and include the consolidated accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2024 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2024, as presented in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was filed with the SEC on March 5, 2025. Certain notes and other information have been condensed or omitted from the interim financial statements presented herein. The financial data and other information disclosed in these Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements related to the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 are unaudited. The unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations and cash flows for the interim period presented. The results for the three months ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2025 or any future period.

Foreign Currency

SmartRent, Inc.'s functional and reporting currency is United States Dollars (“USD”) and its foreign subsidiaries have a functional currency other than USD. Financial position and results of operations of the Company's international subsidiaries are measured using local currencies as the functional currency. Assets and liabilities of these operations are translated at the exchange rates in effect at the end of each reporting period. The Company's international subsidiaries' statements of operations accounts are translated at the weighted-average rates of exchange prevailing during each reporting period. Translation adjustments arising from the use of differing currency exchange rates from period to period are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss in stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses on foreign currency exchange transactions, as well as translation gains or losses on transactions denominated in currencies other than an entity’s functional currency, are reflected in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Liquidity

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern, which contemplates the realization of assets and liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. Management believes that currently available resources will provide sufficient funds to enable the Company to meet its obligations for at least one year past the issuance date of these financial statements. The Company may need to raise additional capital through equity or debt financing to fund future operations until it generates positive operating cash flows. There can be no assurance that such additional equity or debt financing will be available on terms acceptable to the Company, or at all.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well as the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the reporting period. These estimates made by management include performing impairment testing of recorded goodwill, intangible assets, and long-lived assets, valuing the Company’s inventories on hand, allowance for expected credit losses, intangible assets, earnout liabilities, warranty liabilities, stand-alone selling price of items sold, and certain assumptions used in the valuation of equity awards, including the estimated fair value of common stock warrants, and assumptions used to estimate the fair value of stock-based compensation expense. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The Company follows the two-class method to include the dilutive effect of securities that participated in dividends, if and when declared, when computing net income per common share. The two-class method determines net income per common share for each class of common stock and participating securities according to dividends, if and when declared or accumulated and participation rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method requires income available to common stockholders for the period to be allocated between common stock and participating securities based upon their respective rights to receive dividends as if all income for the period had been distributed. The anti-dilutive effect of potentially dilutive securities is excluded from the computation of net loss per share because inclusion of such potentially dilutive shares on an as-converted basis would have been anti-dilutive.

The Company considers any unvested common shares subject to repurchase to be participating securities because holders of such shares have non-forfeitable dividend rights in the event a dividend is paid on common stock. The holders of unvested shares of common stock subject to repurchase do not have a contractual obligation to share in losses.

Basic net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is calculated by dividing the net loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period, adjusted for outstanding shares that are subject to repurchase and any shares issuable by the exercise of warrants for nominal consideration.

Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potentially dilutive securities outstanding for the period using the treasury stock method or the if-converted method based on the nature of such securities. For periods in which the Company reports a net loss, the diluted net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders is the same as basic net loss per common share attributable to common stockholders, because inclusion of such potentially dilutive shares on an as-converted basis would have been anti-dilutive.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers financial instruments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash and cash equivalents. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents at multiple financial institutions, and, at times, these balances exceed federally insurable limits. As a result, there is a concentration of credit risk related to amounts on deposit. The Company believes any risks are mitigated through the size and security of the financial institution at which its cash balances are held.

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Restricted Cash

The Company considers cash to be restricted when withdrawal or general use is legally restricted. The Company reports the current portion of restricted cash as a separate item in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the non-current portion is a component of other long-term assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company determines current or non-current classification based on the expected duration of the restriction.

Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts receivable consist of balances due from customers resulting from the sale of hardware, professional services and Hosted Services. Accounts receivable are recorded at invoiced amounts, are non-interest bearing and are presented net of the associated allowance for expected credit losses on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The allowance for expected credit losses totaled $2,964 and $2,797 as of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively. The provision for expected credit losses is recorded in general and administrative expenses in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The provision for expected credit losses totaled $167 and $1,181 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company evaluates the collectability of the accounts receivable balances and has determined the allowance for expected credit losses based on a combination of factors, which include the nature of the relationship and the prior collection experience the Company has with the account and an evaluation for current and projected economic conditions as of the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets date. Accounts receivable determined to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for expected credit losses. Actual collections of accounts receivable could differ from management’s estimates.

Significant Customers

A significant customer represents 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue or net accounts receivable balance at each respective Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet date. Revenue as a percentage of total revenue and accounts receivable as a percentage of total accounts receivable for each significant customer follows.


	Accounts Receivable		Revenue
	As of		For the three months ended
	March 31, 2025	December 31, 2024	March 31, 2025	March 31, 2024
Customer A	18%	14%	*	*
Customer B	15%	12%	15%	25%
Customer C	24%	21%	*	*
Customer D	*	*	27%	*

* Total less than 10% for the respective period

Inventory

Inventories, which are comprised of smart home equipment and components, are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value with cost determined under the first-in, first-out method. The Company adjusts the inventory balance based on anticipated obsolescence, usage and historical write-offs.

In August 2023, the Company entered into a Product Sales Agreement (the "Agreement") with ADI Global Distribution ("ADI"), pursuant to which, ADI agreed to serve as the Company's non-exclusive hardware fulfillment partner throughout the United States, Canada, and Puerto Rico. The Company was subject to certain buy-back provisions relating to the transferred inventory. As of December 31, 2024, the Company recorded $537 in connection with the buy-back provision, which is recorded in other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of March 31, 2025, there was no amount recorded in connection with the buy-back provision.

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over net assets of the Company's completed business combinations. The Company tests for potential impairment of goodwill on an annual basis as of September 30 to determine if the carrying value is less than the fair value. The Company will conduct additional tests between annual tests if there are indications of potential goodwill impairment. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company experienced a sustained decline in stock price, resulting in a significant decrease in market capitalization. As a result, the Company conducted an interim impairment test utilizing the qualitative approach and determined that impairment is more likely than not. As a result, the Company then performed an interim quantitative impairment test which resulted in an indication of impairment.

The fair value of the reporting unit used in this impairment test was determined using the combination of an income approach and market-based approach. The mix between the two approaches requires significant judgement. As a result of this test, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $24,929.


	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
Balance at beginning of period	$	117,268		$	117,268
Impairment charge		(24,929	)		-
Balance at end of period	$	92,339		$	117,268

The significant assumptions used in determining the fair value of the reporting unit under the income approach primarily relate to revenue growth rate, forecasted EBITDA and the selected discount rate used in the discounted cash flow model. The significant assumptions used in the market-based approach primarily relate to the forecasted EBITDA margin, the selected control premium, and selected revenue and EBITDA multiples, which require significant judgement.

To the extent that inputs and assumptions used in the analysis change, such as an increased discount rate, updated cash flow projections, or decreases to Guideline companies’ multiples, additional impairment charges may be recorded in the future. In addition, a further decrease in the Company’s common stock share price and market capitalization could be an indicator of a decrease in the fair value of the Company’s equity.

Intangible Assets

The Company recorded intangible assets with finite lives, including customer relationships and developed technology, as a result of acquisitions made in prior years. Intangible assets are amortized on a straight-line basis based on their estimated useful lives. The estimated useful life of these intangible assets are as follows.


		Estimated useful life (in years)
Trade name		5
Customer relationships		10 - 13
Developed technology		1 - 7

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Warranty Allowance

The Company provides its customers with limited-service warranties associated with product replacement and related services. The warranty typically lasts one year following the installation of the product. The estimated warranty costs, which are expensed at the time of sale and included in hardware cost of revenue, are based on the results of product testing, industry and historical trends and warranty claim rates incurred and are adjusted for identified current or anticipated future trends as appropriate. Actual warranty claim costs could differ from these estimates. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, warranty expense included in cost of hardware revenue was $115 and $(93), respectively. As of March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, the Company’s warranty allowance was $881 and $1,077, respectively, and is recorded in other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is based on the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Assets and liabilities subject to on-going fair value measurement are categorized and disclosed into one of three categories depending on observable or unobservable inputs employed in the measurement. These two types of inputs have created the following fair value hierarchy.

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets and liabilities.

Level 2: Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted in active markets but corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available.

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

This hierarchy requires the Company to minimize the use of unobservable inputs and to use observable market data, if available, when determining fair value. The Company recognizes transfers between levels of the hierarchy based on the fair values of the respective financial measurements at the end of the reporting period in which the transfer occurred. There were no transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy during the three months ended March 31, 2025 or 2024. The carrying amounts of the Company’s accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities approximate their fair values due to their short maturities.

Revenue Recognition

The Company derives its revenue primarily from sales of systems that consist of hardware devices, professional services and Hosted Services to assist property owners and property managers with visibility and control over assets, while providing all-in-one home control offerings for residents. Revenue is recorded when control of these products and services is transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those products and services.

The Company may enter into contracts that contain multiple distinct performance obligations. The transaction price for a typical arrangement includes the price for: smart home hardware devices, professional services, and a subscription for use of the Company's software (“Hosted Services”). Included in these contracts are centrally connected devices ("Hub Devices"), which integrate the Company’s enterprise software with third party smart devices. Historically, the Company only sold non-distinct Hub Devices which only functioned with a subscription to its software ("non-distinct Hub Devices"). During the year ended December 31, 2022, the Company began shipping Hub Devices with features that function independently from its software subscription ("distinct Hub Devices"). Non-distinct Hub Devices are recognized as a single performance obligation with the Company’s software in Hosted Services revenue, while distinct Hub Devices are recognized as a separate performance obligation in hardware revenue. When distinct Hub Devices are included in a contract, the Hosted Services performance obligation is comprised of only the Company’s software.

The Company considers delivery for each of the hardware, professional services and Hosted Services to be separate performance obligations. The hardware performance obligation includes the delivery of smart home hardware and distinct Hub Devices. The professional services performance obligation includes the services to install the hardware. The Hosted Services performance obligation provides a subscription that allows the customer access to software during the contracted-use term when the promised service is provided to the customer. Also included in the hosted service performance obligation are non-distinct Hub Devices that only function with a subscription to the Company’s software.

Payments are received by the Company by check or automated clearing house payments and payment terms are determined by individual contracts and generally range from due upon receipt to net 30 days. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in reported revenue. Payments received from customers in advance of revenue recognition are reported as deferred revenue. The Company has elected the following practical expedients following the adoption of ASC 606:

•

Shipping and handling costs: the Company elected to account for shipping and handling activities that occur after the customer has obtained control of a good as fulfillment activities (i.e., an expense) rather than as a promised service and are recorded as hardware cost of revenue. Amounts billed for shipping and handling fees are recorded as revenue.

•

Sales tax collected from customers: the Company elected to exclude from the measurement of transaction price all taxes assessed by a government authority that are both imposed on and concurrent with a specific revenue-producing transaction and collected by us from a customer.

•

Measurement of the transaction price: the Company applies the practical expedient that allows for inclusion of the future auto-renewals in the initial measurement of the transaction price. The Company only applies these steps when it is probable that it will collect the consideration to which it is entitled in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to a customer.

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

•

Significant financing component: the Company elected not to adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component when the period between the transfer of promised goods or services and when the customer pays for the goods or services will be one year or less.

Timing of Revenue Recognition is as follows.

•

Hardware Revenue

Hardware revenue results from the direct sale to customers of hardware smart home devices, which devices generally consist of a distinct Hub Device, door locks, thermostats, sensors, and light switches. These hardware devices provide features that function independently without subscription to the Company's software, and the performance obligation for hardware revenue is considered satisfied, and revenue is recognized at a point in time when the hardware device is shipped to the customer. The Company generally provides a one-year warranty period on hardware devices that are delivered and installed. The cost of the warranty is recorded as a component of cost of hardware revenue.

•

Professional Services Revenue

Professional services revenue results from installing smart home hardware devices, which does not result in significant customization of the product and is generally performed over a period from two to four weeks. Installations can be performed by the Company's employees, contracted out to a third-party with the Company's employees managing the engagement, or the customer can perform the installation themselves. The Company’s professional services contracts are generally arranged on a fixed price basis, and revenue is recognized over the period in which the installations are completed.

•

Hosted Services Revenue

Hosted Services revenue primarily consists of monthly subscription revenue generated from fees that provide customers access to one or more of the Company’s software applications including access controls, asset monitoring and related services, and our Community WiFi solution, which provides communities with a private, device-dedicated WiFi network. These subscription arrangements have contractual terms ranging from one month to ten years and include recurring fixed plan subscription fees. Arrangements with customers do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of the Company’s software at any time. Customers are granted continuous access to the services over the contractual period. Accordingly, fees collected for subscription services are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term beginning on the date the subscription service is made available to the customer. Variable consideration is immaterial.

Also included in Hosted Services revenue are non-distinct Hub Devices. The Company considers those devices and hosting services subscription a single performance obligation and therefore defers the recognition of revenue for those devices upon shipment to the customer. The revenue is then amortized over its average service life. When a non-distinct Hub Device is included in a contract that does not require a long-term service commitment, the customer obtains a material right to renew the service because purchasing a new device is not required upon renewal. If a contract contains a material right, proceeds are allocated to the material right and recognized over the period of benefit, which is generally four years.

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Cost of Revenue

•

Hardware

Cost of hardware revenue consists primarily of direct costs of products, such as the distinct Hub Device, hardware devices, supplies purchased from third-party providers, and shipping costs, together with indirect costs related to warehouse facilities (including depreciation and amortization of capitalized assets and right-of-use assets), infrastructure costs, personnel-related costs associated with the procurement and distribution of products and warranty expenses together with the indirect cost of customer care and support.

•

Professional Services

Cost of professional services revenue consists primarily of direct costs related to personnel-related expenses for installation and supervision of installation services, general contractor expenses and travel expenses associated with the installation of products and indirect costs that are also primarily personnel-related expenses in connection with training of and ongoing support for customers and residents.

•

Hosted Services

Cost of Hosted Services revenue consists primarily of the amortization of the direct costs of non-distinct Hub Devices, consistent with the revenue recognition period noted above in "Hosted Services Revenue", and infrastructure costs associated with providing software applications together with the indirect cost of customer care and support over the life of the service arrangement.

Deferred Cost of Revenue

Deferred cost of revenue includes all direct costs included in cost of revenue for Hosted Services and non-distinct Hub Devices that have been deferred to future periods.

Stock-Based Compensation

Our stock-based compensation consists of stock options and restricted stock units ("RSUs") granted to our employees and directors during the periods presented. Stock-based awards are measured based on the grant date fair value. We estimate the fair value of stock option awards on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of RSUs is based on the grant date fair value of the stock price. The fair value of these awards is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in which the awards are expected to vest. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur by reversing previously recognized compensation expense.

The Black-Scholes model considers several variables and assumptions in estimating the fair value of stock-based awards. These variables include the per share fair value of the underlying common stock, exercise price, expected term, risk-free interest rate, expected annual dividend yield, and the expected stock price volatility over the expected term and forfeitures, which are recognized as they occur. For all stock options granted, we calculated the expected term using the simplified method for “plain vanilla” stock option awards.

The grant date fair value is also utilized with respect to RSUs which vest based on performance and time based service conditions. For RSUs with a performance condition which vest based on a liquidity event, as well as a time-based service condition, no compensation expense is recognized until the performance condition has been satisfied. Subsequent to the liquidity event, compensation expense is recognized to the extent the requisite service period has been completed and compensation expense thereafter is recognized on an accelerated attribution method. Under the accelerated attribution method, compensation expense is recognized over the remaining requisite service period for each service condition tranche as though each tranche is, in substance, a separate award.

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Research and Development

These expenses relate to the research and development of new products and services and enhancements to the Company’s existing product offerings. The Company accounts for the cost of research and development by capitalizing qualifying costs, which are incurred during the product development stage, and amortizing those costs over the product’s estimated useful life, which generally ranges from three to five years depending on the type of application. The Company expenses preliminary evaluation costs as they are incurred before the product development stage, as well as post development implementation and operation costs, such as training, maintenance and minor upgrades. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company capitalized $1,815 and $963, respectively, of research and development costs in other long-term assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of March 31, 2025, the Company had capitalized $14,149 of research and development costs in other long-term assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, of which $10,573 remained to be amortized. As of December 31, 2024, the Company had capitalized $12,334 of research and development costs in other long-term assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, of which $9,543 remains to be amortized.

Advertising

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and recorded as a component of sales and marketing expense. The Company incurred $223 and $83 of advertising expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Segments

The Company has one operating segment and one reportable segment. Its chief operating decision maker ("CODM") was the Company’s prior Chief Executive Officer until the Chief Executive Officer’s resignation on July 29, 2024. On that date, a management committee comprised of certain of the Company’s executives became the CODM until February 24, 2025 (the “Start Date”) and effective as of the Start Date, the Company appointed a new President and Chief Executive Officer who acted as the CODM until his departure on April 9, 2025 (the "End Date"). Effective as of the End Date, the Company appointed an interim Chief Executive Officer who currently serves as the CODM. The CODM reviews financial information on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company’s principal operations are in the United States and the Company’s long-lived assets are located primarily within the United States. Refer to Note 13 - Segment Reporting for more information on the Company's operating and reportable segments.

Recent Accounting Guidance

Recent Accounting Guidance Not Yet Adopted

In November 2024, the Financial Standards Accounting Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses and in January 2025, the FASB issued ASU No. 2025-01, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Clarifying the Effective Date, which clarified the effective date of ASU 2024-03. ASU 2024-03 requires public companies to disclose, in interim and annual reporting periods, additional information about certain expenses in the notes to financial statements. The amendments in this ASU are effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on the consolidated financial statement disclosures.

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07 - Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU updates the annual and interim disclosure requirements for reportable segments, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023, and for interim periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted. The Company adopted this ASU during the year ended December 31, 2024. The adoption of this guidance modified the Company's segment disclosures but had no impact on results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09 - Income Taxes (Topics 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU requires the expansion of disclosure requirements for income taxes, specifically related to the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is also permitted for annual financial statements that have not yet been issued or made available for issuance. The Company is currently evaluating the effect that the updated standard will have on the consolidated financial statement disclosures.

NOTE 3. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS AND FAIR VALUE OF INSTRUMENTS

The following tables display the carrying values and fair values of financial instruments.


		As of
		March 31, 2025						December 31, 2024
Assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets		Carrying Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Cash and cash equivalents	Level 1	$	125,600	$	-	$	125,600	$	142,482	$	-	$	142,482
Total		$	125,600	$	-	$	125,600	$	142,482	$	-	$	142,482

The Company reports the current portion of restricted cash as a separate item in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the non-current portion is a component of other long-term assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.


		As of
		March 31, 2025				December 31, 2024
Liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Acquisition earnout payment	Level 3	$	1,760	$	1,760	$	1,760	$	1,760
Total liabilities		$	1,760	$	1,760	$	1,760	$	1,760

In December 2021, the Company purchased all of the outstanding equity interests of iQuue, LLC ("iQuue"). The Company reports the current portion of the acquisition earnout payment as a component of other current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and the non-current portion is a component of other long-term liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Earnout payments related to acquisitions are measured at fair value each reporting period using Level 3 unobservable inputs. The changes in the fair value of the Company's Level 3 liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and year ended December 31, 2024 are as follows.


	As of
	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,760	$	4,250
Payment of earnout in connection with the iQuue acquisition		-		(1,530	)
Change in fair value of earnout		-		(960	)
Balance at end of period	$	1,760	$	1,760

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

The fair value of the earnout payment is measured on a recurring basis at each reporting date. The following inputs and assumptions were used in the Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the fair value of the earnout payment as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company determined there was no material change in the fair value of the earnout. During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there was an $80 increase in the fair value of the earnout, primarily due to a decreased payment term as the Company was three months closer to the payment date. The Company recorded these adjustments in general and administrative expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The following table sets forth the weighted-average assumptions used to estimate the fair value of the earnout payment as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.


	As of
	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
Discount Rate		18.50	%		12.30	%
Volatility		40.00	%		40.00	%

NOTE 4. REVENUE AND DEFERRED REVENUE

Disaggregation of Revenue

In the following tables, revenue is disaggregated by primary geographical market, type of revenue, and SmartRent Solution.


	For the three months ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Revenue by geography
United States	$	41,320	$	50,301
International		24		188
Total revenue	$	41,344	$	50,489


	For the three months ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Revenue by type
Hardware	$	18,830	$	29,077
Professional services		3,893	$	3,458
Hosted services		18,621	$	17,954
Total revenue	$	41,344	$	50,489


	For the three months ended March 31,
	2025								2024
	(dollars in thousands)

SmartRent Solutions	Hardware		Professional Services		Hosted Services		Total 2025		Hardware		Professional Services		Hosted Services		Total 2024
Smart Communities Solutions
Smart Apartments	$	17,697	$	2,993	$	14,415	$	35,105	$	27,429	$	2,713	$	14,072	$	44,214
Access Control		639		475		531		1,645		1,015		561		349		1,925
Community WiFi		3		219		193		415		137		16		180		333
Other		491		206		684		1,381		496		168		492		1,156
Smart Operations Solutions		-		-		2,798		2,798		-		-		2,861		2,861
Total Revenue	$	18,830	$	3,893	$	18,621	$	41,344	$	29,077	$	3,458	$	17,954	$	50,489

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Remaining Performance Obligations

Advance payments received from customers are recorded as deferred revenue and are recognized upon the completion of related performance obligations over the period of service. Advance payments for non-distinct Hub Devices were recorded as deferred revenue and recognized over their average in-service life. Advance payments received from customers for subscription services are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized over the term of the subscription. A summary of the change in deferred revenue is as follows.


	For the three months ended March 31,
	2025			2024
Deferred revenue balance as of January 1	$	87,659		$	123,159
Revenue recognized from balance of deferred revenue at the beginning of the period		(21,448	)		(8,656	)
Revenue deferred during the period		6,187			7,075
Revenue recognized from revenue originated and deferred during the period		(807	)		(2,010	)
Deferred revenue balance as of March 31		71,591			119,568

As of March 31, 2025, the Company expects to recognize 54% of its total deferred revenue within the next 12 months, 23% of its total deferred revenue between 13 and 36 months, 19% between 37 and 60 months, and the remainder is expected to be recognized beyond five years. Contracts may contain termination for convenience provisions that allow the Company, customer, or both parties the ability to terminate for convenience, either at any time or upon providing a specified notice period, without a substantive termination penalty. Included in deferred revenue as of March 31, 2025 and 2024 are $14,337 and $31,178, respectively, of prepaid fees related to contracts with termination for convenience provisions which are refundable at the request of the customer. Based on the Company's historical experience, customers do not typically exercise their termination for convenience rights. Deferred cost of revenue includes all direct costs included in cost of revenue that have been deferred to future periods.

NOTE 5. OTHER BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION

Inventory consisted of the following.


	As of
	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Finished Goods	$	32,804	$	34,876
Raw Materials		385		385
Total inventory	$	33,189	$	35,261

The Company writes-down inventory for any excess or obsolete inventories or when the Company believes the net realizable value of inventories is less than the carrying value. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded write-downs of $207 and $96, respectively.

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following.


	As of
	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Prepaid expenses	$	8,948	$	7,867
Other current assets		3,158		4,014
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	12,106	$	11,881

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

During the year ended December 31, 2024, the Company recorded $3,534 in other current assets related to a lease for its new headquarters in Phoenix, AZ.

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following.


	As of
	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
Leasehold improvements	$	5,125		$	2,185
Computer hardware		2,538			2,469
Warehouse and other equipment		835			815
Furniture and fixtures		167			153
Property and equipment		8,665			5,622
Less: Accumulated depreciation		(3,360	)		(3,171	)
Total property and equipment, net	$	5,305		$	2,451

Depreciation and amortization expense on all property, plant and equipment was $189 and $182 during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Intangible assets, net consisted of the following.


	As of
	March 31, 2025							December 31, 2024
	Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Gross		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Customer relationships	$	22,990	$	(6,779	)	$	16,211	$	22,990	$	(6,223	)	$	16,767
Developed technology		10,600		(4,751	)		5,849		10,600		(4,383	)		6,217
Trade name		900		(554	)		346		900		(509	)		391
Total intangible assets, net	$	34,490	$	(12,084	)	$	22,406	$	34,490	$	(11,115	)	$	23,375

Amortization expense on all intangible assets was $969 and $969 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Total future amortization for finite-lived intangible assets is estimated as follows.


	Amortization Expense
2025 - Remaining	$	2,905
2026		3,873
2027		3,734
2028		3,693
2029		2,554
Thereafter		5,647
Total	$	22,406

Other long-term assets consisted of the following.


	As of
	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Capitalized software costs, net	$	9,836	$	9,463
Operating lease - ROU asset, net		3,512		3,808
Other long-term assets		2,953		3,088
Total other long-term assets	$	16,301	$	16,359

Amortization expense for capitalized software costs was $741 and $323 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consisted of the following.


	As of
	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Accrued expenses	$	15,125	$	13,052
Accrued compensation costs		5,135		8,249
Accrued acquisition consideration		1,760		1,760
Warranty allowance		881		1,077
Other		1,995		3,107
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	24,896	$	27,245

Other long-term liabilities consisted of the following.


	As of
	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
Lease liability, noncurrent	$	6,722	$	7,021
Other long-term liabilities		96		100
Total other long-term liabilities	$	6,818	$	7,121

NOTE 6. DEBT

Term Loan and Revolving Line of Credit Facility

In December 2021, the Company entered into a $75,000 Senior Revolving Facility with a five-year term (the "Senior Revolving Facility"). The Senior Revolving Facility includes a letter of credit sub-facility in the aggregate availability of $10,000 as a sublimit of the Senior Revolving Facility, and a swingline sub-facility in the aggregate availability of $10,000 as a sublimit of the Senior Revolving Facility. Proceeds from the Senior Revolving Facility are to be used for general corporate purposes. Amounts borrowed under the Senior Revolving Facility may be repaid and, prior to the Senior Revolving Facility maturity date, reborrowed. The Senior Revolving Facility terminates on the Senior Revolving Facility maturity date in December 2026, when the principal amount of all advances, the unpaid interest thereon, and all other obligations relating to the Senior Revolving Facility shall be immediately due and payable. The Company has yet to draw on the Senior Revolving Facility as of March 31, 2025. The Company accounted for the cancellation of its previous revolving facility and the issuance of the Senior Revolving Facility as an exchange with the same creditor. As a result, all costs related to entering into the Senior Revolving Facility that are allowed to be deferred are recorded as a deferred asset and included in other assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. These costs totaled $688 and will be amortized ratably over the five-year term of the Senior Revolving Facility. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company recorded $36 and $34, respectively, of amortization expense in connection with these costs, as a component of interest expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss.

Interest rates for draws upon the Senior Revolving Facility are determined by whether the Company elects a secured overnight financing rate loan (“SOFR Loan”) or alternate base rate loan (”ABR Loan”). For SOFR Loans, the interest rate is based upon the forward-looking term rate based on SOFR as published by the CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited (CBA) plus 0.10%, subject to a floor of 0.00%, plus an applicable margin. For ABR Loans, the interest rate is based upon the highest of (i) the Prime Rate, (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate plus 0.50%, or (iii) 3.25%, plus an applicable margin. As of March 31, 2025, the applicable margins for SOFR Loans and ABR Loans under the Senior Revolving Facility were 1.75% and (0.50%), respectively.

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

In addition to paying interest on the outstanding principal balance under the Senior Revolving Facility, the Company is required to pay a facility fee to the lender in respect of the unused commitments thereunder. The facility fee rate is based on the daily unused amount of the Senior Revolving Facility and is one fourth of one percent (0.25%) per annum based on the unused facility amount. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the facility fee totaled $47 and $43, respectively.

The Senior Revolving Facility contains certain customary affirmative and negative covenants and events of default. Such covenants will, among other things, restrict, subject to certain exceptions, the Company’s ability to (i) engage in certain mergers or consolidations, (ii) sell, lease or transfer all or substantially all of the Company’s assets, (iii) engage in certain transactions with affiliates, (iv) make changes in the nature of the Company’s business and its subsidiaries, and (v) incur additional indebtedness that is secured on a pari passu basis with the Senior Revolving Facility.

The Senior Revolving Facility also requires the Company, on a consolidated basis with its subsidiaries, to maintain a minimum cash balance. If the minimum cash balance is not maintained, the Company is required to maintain a minimum liquidity ratio. If an event of default occurs, the lender is entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts due under the Senior Revolving Facility and all actions permitted to be taken by a secured creditor. As of March 31, 2025, and through the date these condensed consolidated financial statements were issued, the Company believes it was in compliance with all financial covenants.

The Senior Revolving Facility is collateralized by first priority or equivalent security interests in substantially all the property, rights, and assets of the Company.

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there was no outstanding principal amount under the Senior Revolving Facility.

NOTE 7. CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND EQUITY

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue 50,000 shares of $0.0001 par value preferred stock. As of March 31, 2025, there are no preferred stock issued or outstanding.

Stock Repurchase Program

In March 2024, the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board") authorized a stock repurchase program pursuant to which we may repurchase up to $50,000 of our Class A common stock. Repurchases under the program may be made from time to time through open market purchases or through privately negotiated transactions subject to market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other relevant factors. The repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of our Class A common stock and may be suspended at any time at our discretion. The timing and number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including the stock price, business and market conditions, corporate and regulatory requirements, alternative investment opportunities, acquisition opportunities, and other factors.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company repurchased and subsequently retired 1,018 shares of our Class A common stock under the stock repurchase program at an average price of $1.18 per share for a total of $1,202, including $10 of broker fees. The Company has elected to record the amount paid to repurchase the shares in excess of the par value entirely to accumulated deficit. As of March 31, 2025, approximately $20,395 remained available for stock repurchases pursuant to our stock repurchase program.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company repurchased and subsequently retired 1,595 shares of our Class A common stock under the stock repurchase program at an average price of $2.74 per share for a total of $4,373. The Company has elected to record the amount paid to repurchase the shares in excess of the par value entirely to accumulated deficit. As of March 31, 2024, approximately $45,643 remained available for stock repurchases pursuant to our stock repurchase program.

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

NOTE 8. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

2018 Stock Plan

Legacy SmartRent’s board of directors adopted, and its stockholders approved, the SmartRent.com, Inc. 2018 Stock Plan (the “2018 Stock Plan”), effective March 2018. The purpose of the 2018 Stock Plan was to advance the interests of Legacy SmartRent and its stockholders by providing an incentive to attract, retain and reward persons performing services for Legacy SmartRent and by motivating such persons to contribute to the growth and profitability of Legacy SmartRent. The 2018 Stock Plan sought to achieve this purpose by providing awards in the form of stock options and restricted stock purchase rights. Awards granted as stock options under the 2018 Stock Plan generally expire no later than ten years from the date of grant and become vested and exercisable over a four-year period. All options are subject to certain provisions that may impact these vesting schedules.

Amendment to the 2018 Stock Plan

In April 2021, the board of directors of Legacy SmartRent executed a unanimous written consent to provide an additional incentive to certain employees of Legacy SmartRent by amending the 2018 Stock Plan to allow for the issuance of RSUs and granted a total of 1,533 RSUs to certain employees which vest over four years. The estimated fair value for each RSU issued was approximately $21.55 per share and the total stock-based compensation expense to be amortized over the vesting period is $33,033. Effective upon the Business Combination in August 2021, the 2018 Stock Plan was replaced by the 2021 Plan. The 2018 Stock Plan continues to govern the terms and conditions of the outstanding awards previously granted thereunder. No new awards will be granted out of the 2018 Stock Plan.

2021 Equity Incentive Plan

In connection with the Business Combination, the Board approved and implemented the SmartRent, Inc. 2021 Plan (the "2021 Plan"). The purpose of the 2021 Plan is to enhance the Company's ability to attract, retain and motivate persons who make, or are expected to make, important contributions to the Company by providing these individuals with equity ownership opportunities and equity-linked compensation opportunities.

The 2021 Plan authorizes the administrator of the 2021 Plan (generally, the Board or its compensation committee) to provide incentive compensation in the form of stock options, restricted stock and stock units, performance shares and units, other stock-based awards and cash-based awards. Under the 2021 Plan, the Company is authorized to issue up to 15,500 shares of Class A common stock. On May 14, 2024, the Company's stockholders approved the 2021 Plan, as amended and restated, which increased the number of shares reserved for issuance thereunder by 8,900 shares of Class A common stock. The Company is authorized to issue up to a total of 24,400 shares of Class A common stock under the 2021 Plan, as amended and restated. Non-employee board member RSUs generally will vest either over one year or three years, subject to the recipient’s continued service through the applicable vesting date or dates. The RSUs and options granted to employees are generally subject to a four-year vesting schedule and all vesting generally shall be subject to the recipient’s continued service with the Company or its subsidiaries through the applicable vesting dates.

The table below summarizes the activity pursuant to the 2021 Plan, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, and the shares available for future issuances as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024.


	Shares Available for Future Issuance
Shares available as of December 31, 2024		16,856
Stock options issued, net		-
RSUs issued, net		(5,097	)
Shares available as of March 31, 2025		11,759

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

The table below summarizes the activity related to stock options, pursuant to the 2018 Stock Plan and 2021 Plan, for the three months ended March 31, 2025.


	Options Outstanding
	Number of Options		Weighted- Average Exercise Price ($ per share)		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (years)		Aggregate Intrinsic Value
December 31, 2024		4,165	$	1.90		6.74	$	2,445
Granted		-	$	-
Exercised		-	$	-
March 31, 2025		4,165	$	1.90		6.50	$	1,414
Exercisable options as of March 31, 2025		2,743	$	1.25		5.47	$	1,414

During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, stock-based compensation expense of $295 and $692, respectively, was recognized in connection with the outstanding options. As of March 31, 2025, there is $2,905 of unrecognized compensation expense related to stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.5 years.

The table below summarizes the activity related to RSUs, pursuant to the 2018 Stock Plan and 2021 Plan, for the three months ended March 31, 2025.


	Restricted Stock Units
	Number of Restricted Stock Units			Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (per share)
December 31, 2024		5,310		$	2.69
Granted		6,760		$	1.49
Vested or distributed		(906	)	$	3.52
Forfeited		(563	)	$	1.93
March 31, 2025		10,601		$	1.90

No right to any Class A Common Stock is earned or accrued until such time that vesting occurs, nor does the grant of the RSU award confer any right to continue vesting or employment or other service. Compensation expense associated with the unvested RSUs is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, stock-based compensation expense of $2,544 and $2,566, respectively, was recognized in connection with the vesting of all RSUs. As of March 31, 2025, there is $17,464 of unrecognized compensation expense related to restricted stock units, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.0 years.

2025 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan

In January 2025, the Board adopted the SmartRent, Inc. 2025 Inducement Equity Incentive Plan (the “Inducement Plan”), pursuant to which the Company may grant equity awards that are intended to qualify as employment inducement awards under the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual Rule 303A.08 and any applicable interpretive material and other guidance issued under such rule (together, the “Inducement Listing Rule”), from time to time as determined by the Committee (as defined in the Inducement Plan), the Board’s Compensation Committee, or a majority of the Company’s “Independent Directors” (as defined under the applicable rules of the New York Stock Exchange). Upon adoption of the Inducement Plan, and subject to the adjustment provisions therein, the Company reserved 6,500,000 shares of Common Stock for issuance pursuant to equity awards granted under the Inducement Plan.

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

The Inducement Plan provides for the grant of equity-based awards, including options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance shares, performance units, cash-based awards and other stock-based awards. Such equity-based awards may be granted under the Inducement Plan only to employees of the Company, so long as the following requirements are met: (i) the employee was not previously an employee or director, or the employee is to become employed by the Participating Company Group (as defined in the Inducement Plan) following a bona fide period of non-employment (within the meaning of the Inducement Listing Rule), and (ii) the grant of the award or awards is an inducement material to the employee’s entering into employment with the Participating Company Group in accordance with the Inducement Listing Rule.

In March 2025, the Company granted inducement awards under the Inducement Plan to Michael Shane Paladin, the Company's then President and Chief Executive Officer, as inducement awards in connection with the Start Date. Mr. Paladin’s grant consisted of time-based RSUs covering 1,790,055 shares of the Company's Class A common stock and performance stock units ("PSUs") covering a target of 2,320,441 shares of the Company's Class A common stock. The RSUs vest at a rate of one-third of the RSUs annually on each anniversary of the Start Date, subject in each case to Mr. Paladin’s continued employment through the applicable vesting date. While the target number of PSUs granted is 2,320,441, the actual number of shares of Class A common stock earned pursuant to the PSUs, if any, are determined based on the achievement of performance goals relating to Company stock price during a five-year performance period from the Start Date, and vest based on Mr. Paladin’s continued employment, with 50% of any shares achieved vesting on the four-year anniversary of the Start Date, and 100% of any shares achieved but not yet paid vesting on the five-year anniversary of the Start Date. The maximum number of shares that may vest under the PSUs is 200% of the target number of shares subject to such award. In April 2025, the Company announced the departure of Mr. Paladin effective April 9, 2025 (the "End Date"). As of the End Date, no shares had vested and all inducement awards granted were forfeited and returned to the Inducement Plan.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Company has the ability to initially issue up to 2,000 shares of Class A Common Stock under the ESPP, subject to annual increases effective as of January 1, 2022, and each subsequent January 1 through and including January 1, 2030, in an amount equal to the smallest of (i) 1% of the number of shares of the Class A Common Stock outstanding as of the immediately preceding December 31, (ii) 2,000 shares or (iii) such amount, if any, as the Board may determine.

The ESPP allows employees to purchase shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock approximately every six months at a per share purchase price equal to 85 percent of the quoted market price of a share of the Company’s Class A Common Stock on (i) the first day of the offering period or (ii) the applicable purchase date of such offering period, whichever quoted market price is lower. During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, stock-based compensation expense of $(3) and $23, respectively, was recognized in connection with the ESPP.

The table below summarizes the activity related to the ESPP for the three months ended March 31, 2025.


ESPP Activity	Shares Available for Sale
December 31, 2024		7,109
Annual additions to the plan		1,920
Shares purchased		(140	)
March 31, 2025		8,889

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Stock-Based Compensation

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, there were options granted covering 2,527 shares. There were no such options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2025. The fair value of stock option grants is estimated by the Company on the date of grant using the Black Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.


	For the three months ended March 31,
	2025(1)	2024
Risk free interest	-	4.09%
Dividend yield	-	0.00%
Expected volatility	-	75.00%
Expected life (years)	-		6.25

(1) 2025 assumptions are not applicable as no options were granted during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

The Company recorded stock-based compensation expense as follows.


	For the three months ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Cost of revenue	$	293	$	298
Research and development		1,172		961
Sales and marketing		228		131
General and administrative		1,143		1,891
Total	$	2,836	$	3,281

NOTE 9. INCOME TAXES

The Company’s effective tax rate (ETR) from continuing operations was (0.27%) and (0.59%) for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The Company’s ETR during the three months ended March 31, 2025 differed from the federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to changes in valuation allowance and foreign taxes.

The income tax expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss is primarily related to the foreign and state taxes offset by a change in the valuation allowance. The Company established a full valuation allowance for net deferred U.S. federal and state tax assets, including net operating loss carryforwards. The Company expects to maintain this valuation allowance until it becomes more likely than not that the benefit of the federal and state deferred tax assets will be realized in future periods if it reports taxable income. The Company believes that it has established an adequate allowance for uncertain tax positions, although it can provide no assurance that the final outcome of these matters will not be materially different. To the extent that the final outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences will affect the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made.

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

NOTE 10. NET LOSS PER SHARE

The following potentially dilutive shares were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented because inclusion of the shares on an as-converted basis would have been anti-dilutive.


	For the three months ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Common stock options and restricted stock units		14,766		16,346
Total		14,766		16,346

NOTE 11. RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS

A member of the Board served on the board of directors of a SmartRent customer until June 2024. For the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company earned revenue from this customer of $680. There was no related party relationship as of March 31, 2025. All business dealings with the customer were entered into in the ordinary course of business and the arrangements are on terms no more favorable than terms that would be available to unaffiliated third parties under the same or similar circumstances.

NOTE 12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Legal Matters

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Liabilities are accrued when it is believed that it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and that the Company can reasonably estimate the amount of the potential loss. The Company does not believe that the outcome of these proceedings or matters will have a material effect on the condensed consolidated financial statements.

In April 2020, the Company entered into an agreement with a supplier, as further amended in March 2021 (the "Supplier Agreement"), to purchase minimum volumes of certain products through August 2022. Due to significant failure rates and other defects, the Company ceased ordering product from this supplier as of December 2020. Despite the Company’s requests, the supplier indicated they are not willing to refund the Company for the malfunctioning products previously purchased, and therefore, the Company filed a complaint against the supplier on March 22, 2022 in the Superior Court for the State of California, County of Santa Clara (the "Court"). During the three months ended March 31, 2024, the Company recorded a legal expense of $5,300 within general and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss. The final settlement agreement was signed in June 2024. In July 2024, the inventory was returned to the supplier and the Court granted the parties' Request for Dismissal of the action with prejudice.

In February 2024, a putative class action complaint was filed against Fifth Wall Acquisition Sponsor, LLC, Fifth Wall Asset Management, LLC (the “FWAA Defendants”), and the individual directors of Fifth Wall Acquisition Corp. I (“FWAA”) (the “Director Defendants” and collectively the “Defendants”) in the Delaware Court of Chancery by a stockholder of FWAA for purported damages arising from the business combination with SmartRent.com, Inc. (“the 2024 Class Action”). The complaint asserts claims for (i) breach of fiduciary duty against the Director Defendants; (ii) aiding and abetting breach of fiduciary duty claims against Fifth Wall Asset Management LLC; and (iii) unjust enrichment claims against all Defendants, for purported actions relating to FWAA’s August 24, 2021 merger with legacy SmartRent.com, Inc. The parties are engaged in discovery and document production to date, and the Company and the defendants believe the allegations and claims made in the complaint are without merit.

As the surviving entity following the business combination, the Company presently has certain advancement obligations to the Director Defendants in connection with the 2024 Class Action which includes the costs of their defense of such litigation. While the Director Defendants are the beneficiaries of coverage for such costs up to $10,000 by directors’ and officers’ insurance (“D&O insurance”), the D&O insurance is subject to a retention of $5,000. The Company has notified the relevant D&O insurance carriers of the 2024 Class Action and is litigating coverage and allocation issues in a separate action filed in the Delaware Superior Court in December 2024. As a result of recent developments, the Company recorded a legal accrual of $5,000 within general and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss and accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

In May 2021, the Company entered into a licensing agreement with a service provider, as further amended in July 2021 (the "Service Provider Agreement"), to license the provider’s software and participate in the provider’s energy demand response program to generate revenue for the Company. The Company paid the service provider $3,500 for the first 25 months of the 60-month license, with no additional payment due until July 2023. In October 2022, the Company sought to rescind the Agreement on the basis that it believed it was misled about the business opportunity available and the nature of the parties’ arrangement. In January 2024, the service provider brought suit against the Company for breach of contract in the Superior Court of California for the County of San Francisco seeking damages for the Company’s failure to make the monthly $140 payments for the license. In February 2024, the Company filed a cross-complaint against the service provider for fraudulent inducement; recission; breach of contract; and related equitable claims. The parties engaged in substantial written discovery and depositions. In January 2025, the Company moved for summary judgment on the Agreement’s limitation of liability provision, asserting that the service provider could not recover damages under the contract. In February 2025, the parties participated in a mediation, which ultimately led to the parties agreement to settle the matter. The final settlement agreement was signed in March 2025, and the case was dismissed with prejudice.

In April 2023, a collective action was filed against the Company in Federal Court in Georgia (the "Federal Court") by two former employees alleging failure to pay overtime wages in violation of the Fair Labor Standards Act (“FLSA”). The plaintiffs claim they were improperly classified as exempt employees under the FLSA and thus should have been entitled to overtime pay. Limited discovery was conducted in 2023, and Plaintiffs moved for conditional certification of a collective class in July 2023, which was granted on March 31, 2024. Notice was issued to potential class members, who had until July 15, 2024, to opt into the lawsuit. In October 2024, the parties engaged in a private mediation and agreed to settle the matter for a total amount of $1,500, inclusive of all Plaintiffs’ attorneys’ fees and costs and related releases, subject to a written agreement and the Federal Court’s approval. The Court approved the settlement and dismissed the case on December 31, 2024. As of December 31, 2024, the Company recorded a legal accrual of $1,500 related to this matter within general and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss and accrued expenses and other current liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The settlement amount was paid in full in January 2025.

The Company regularly reviews outstanding legal claims, actions and enforcement matters, if any exist, to determine if accruals for expected negative outcomes of such matters are probable and can be reasonably estimated. The Company evaluates any such outstanding matters based on management’s best judgment after consultation with counsel. There is no assurance that the Company's accruals for loss contingencies will not need to be adjusted in the future. The amount of such adjustment could significantly exceed the accruals the Company has recorded. As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, an accrual of $5,000 and $1,500, respectively, was included within accrued expenses and other current liabilities related to the legal matters discussed above.

NOTE 13. SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company operates as a single operating segment, which is also its only reportable segment as its CODM, which is currently the Company's Interim Chief Executive Officer, reviews financial information on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company’s principal operations are in the United States and the Company’s long-lived assets are located primarily within the United States. The Company held $8,512 and $8,023 of assets outside the United States on March 31, 2025, and December 31, 2024, respectively.

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

The CODM uses revenue, gross margin, operating expenses, and net income as the primary measures to assess performance and to make strategic decisions regarding product development, market expansion, and resource allocation. Key financial performance measures of the segment are as follows.


	For the three months ended March 31,
	2025			2024
Revenue
Hardware		18,830			29,077
Professional Services		3,893			3,458
Deferred hub amortization		4,658			6,042
SaaS		13,963			11,912
Total revenue		41,344			50,489

Cost of revenue
Hardware		13,960			18,684
Professional Services		7,293			6,448
Deferred hub amortization		2,440			2,885
SaaS		4,089			3,049
Total cost of revenue		27,782			31,066

Gross Profit		13,562			19,423

Operating expenses
Operating expenses excluding stock compensation and depreciation and amortization		26,234			25,165
Stock compensation		2,543			2,983
Depreciation and amortization		1,145			1,434
Total operating expenses		29,922			29,582

Impairment charge		24,929			-

Loss from operations		(41,289	)		(10,159	)

Other segment items(1)		1,105			2,467

Net loss	$	(40,184	)	$	(7,692	)

(1) Other segment items include interest income, net, other income (expense), net, and income tax expense (benefit).

The CODM is regularly provided with the consolidated cost of revenue and consolidated operating expenses as noted on the face of the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, as these make up the significant expenses included in the measure of the segment profit or loss. Reported segment revenues less the significant expenses defined in accordance with ASC 280-10-50-26A is equal to the reported segment profit or loss, and thus there are no other segment items to disclose herein.

The Company considers these categories significant based on their materiality to the segment’s results and their importance in the CODM’s evaluation of segment performance and resource allocation decisions.

SMARTRENT, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except per share amounts)

NOTE 14. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

In connection with the preparation of the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company has evaluated events and transactions occurring after March 31, 2025 and through May 7, 2025, the date these financial statements were issued, for potential recognition or disclosure and has determined that there are no additional items to disclose except as disclosed below.

In April 2025, the Company announced the departure of Mr. Paladin, the Company’s President and Chief Executive Officer effective April 9, 2025. The Company and Mr. Paladin entered into a Separation Agreement and Release (the “Separation Agreement”). The Separation Agreement provides that, in exchange for Mr. Paladin executing a release of claims in favor of the Company and its affiliates, complying with restrictive covenants (including a non-compete), resigning from the Board and agreeing to other terms of the Separation Agreement, Mr. Paladin will receive (i) a lump sum payment of $81 (reflecting 1.5 months base salary); (ii) a supplemental lump sum payment of $81; and (iii) a lump sum payment approximating the cost of three months of COBRA coverage, resulting in $169 of severance expense related to the cash paid to Mr. Paladin. The Company has appointed John Dorman, the Company’s Chairperson of the Board (“Board Chair”), as the Company’s interim President and Chief Executive Officer (together, “Interim CEO”), effective as of April 9, 2025.

In April 2025, the Board of Directors approved 214 RSUs under the 2021 Incentive Stock Plan to Mr. Dorman in connection with his employment as Interim President and Chief Executive Officer.

In April 2025, 60 shares of the Company's Class A Common Stock were issued to certain employees related to vested RSUs.

In April 2025 and through May 5, 2025, the Company the repurchased 3,631 shares of our Class A common stock under the stock repurchase program at an average price of $0.90 per share for a total of $3,244. The following table summarizes the share repurchase activity for the period stated.


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)		Average Price Paid Per Share (2)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)		Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
April 1 - April 30, 2025		3,326	$	0.90		3,326	$	17,450
May 1 - May 5, 2025		305	$	0.99		305	$	17,151
Total		3,631				3,631

(1) In March 2024, the Board authorized the repurchase of up to $50,000 of the Company's Class A common stock. Repurchases under the program can be made through open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions and other means in compliance with applicable federal securities laws, including through Rule 10b5-1 plans. The Company has discretion in determining the conditions under which shares may be repurchased from time to time. The repurchase program does not have an expiration date and may be suspended at any time at the Company's discretion. Refer to Note 7 — Convertible Preferred Stock and Equity in Part I, Item 1, of this Report for additional information related to share repurchases.

(2) Average price paid per share includes costs associated with the repurchases.

On May 2, 2025, the Company received a written notification from the NYSE that as of May 2, 2025, the Company is not in compliance with the continued listing standard set forth in Section 802.01C of the NYSE Listed Company Manual because the average closing price of the Company's Class A common stock was less than $1.00 per share over a consecutive 30 trading-day period. Pursuant to Section 802.01C, the Company can regain compliance with the minimum share price requirement if, on the last trading-day of any calendar month during the cure period, the company has (i) a closing share price of at least $1.00 and (ii) an average closing share price of at least $1.00 over the 30 trading-day period ending on the last trading day of that month.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included herein and the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2024 contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC.

This discussion may contain forward-looking statements based upon our current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Please refer to the section titled “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements".

Overview

We are an enterprise real estate technology company that provides a comprehensive management platform designed for property owners, managers and residents. Our suite of products and services, which includes cloud-based SaaS solutions many of which are enabled by smart building hardware, provide seamless visibility and control over real estate assets. Our platform can lower operating costs, increase revenues, mitigate operational friction and protect assets for owners and operators, while providing a differentiated, elevated living experience for residents.

Through a Hub Device, we enable the integration of our platform with third-party smart devices, our own hardware devices and other technology interfaces. We use an open-architecture, brand-agnostic approach that allows owners, operators, and residents to manage their smart home systems through a single connected interface. Our Smart Community solutions include software and devices that power (i) smart apartments and homes, (ii) access control for buildings, common areas, and rental units, (iii) community and resident WiFi, and other solutions such as asset protection and monitoring, parking management and self-guided tours. Our Smart Operations solutions include work order management, the automation of leasing and resident call handling, audit management, and the automation of the inspection process. We also have a professional services team that provides customers with training, installation, and support services.

SmartRent is a category leader in the enterprise smart home solutions industry. As of March 31, 2025, we had 827,611 Units Deployed (as defined below) and over 650 customers, including many of the largest multifamily residential owners in the United States. As of that date, we believe our customers owned an aggregate of approximately 7.6 million rental units; this represents approximately 15% of the United States market for institutionally owned multifamily rental units and single-family rental homes. In addition to multifamily residential owners, our customers include some of the leading single-family rental homeowners, homebuilders, and iBuyers in the United States.

Our Business Model

We generate revenue primarily from sales of smart home systems that enable property owners and property managers to have visibility and control over assets, while providing all-in-one home control offerings for residents. Our revenue is generated from: (1) the direct sale to our customers of hosted services from monthly subscription fees collected from customers to provide access to Hosted Services including access controls, asset monitoring, WiFi, and related services; (2) the sale and delivery of smart home devices, which generally consist of a Hub Device, door-locks, thermostats, sensors, and light switches; and (3) installation and implementation of smart home devices that enable our Hosted Services. Subscription arrangements have contractual terms ranging from one month to ten years and the weighted average length of our recurring revenue contracts is 4.3 years.

Key Factors Affecting Our Performance

We believe that our success is dependent on many factors, including those further discussed below. Our operating results and cash flows are dependent upon a number of opportunities, challenges and other factors, including our ability to grow our customer base in a cost-effective manner, expand our hardware and hosted service offerings to generate increased revenue per Unit Deployed (as defined below), and provide high quality hardware products and hosted service applications to maximize revenue and improve the leverage of our business model. While these areas represent opportunities for us, they also represent challenges and risks that we must successfully address in order to operate our business.

Active Supply Chain Management

We continue to experience improvements in the challenges related to the global supply chain. In prior periods, the increased demand for electronics as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, U.S. trade relations with China and certain other factors in recent periods led to a global shortage of semiconductors, including Z‑wave chips, which are a central component of our Hub Devices. Due to this shortage in prior periods, we experienced Hub Device production delays, which affected our ability to meet scheduled installations and facilitate customer upgrades to our higher-margin Hub Devices. We also experienced shortages and shipment delays related to components for Access Control and made-to-order specialty locks.

The incremental improvements in the global supply chain are evidenced by our reduction of backlogged Units Deployed for Access Control and made-to-order locks.

Investing in Research and Development

Our performance is significantly dependent on the investments we make in research and development, including our ability to attract and retain highly skilled research and development personnel. We must continually develop and introduce innovative new software services and hardware products, and integrate with third-party products and services, mobile applications and other new offerings.

New Products, Features and Functionality

We are evolving our business into a more diverse platform with new products, features and functionality that enhance the value of our smart home operating system. We have introduced a number of SaaS product enhancements and features, including Answer Automation and Work Management solutions, that streamline property management operations. We have also introduced Community WiFi, which provides communities with a private, device-dedicated WiFi network to power Hub Devices and other in-home smart devices, and Smart Package Room, which is a smart package management solution that transforms package visibility, reduces labor demands, optimizes storage space and enhances resident satisfaction. Our Smart Operations Solutions enhance our overall platform offering and customer value proposition by providing a comprehensive one-stop platform that broadens our support of property operations, enhancing the experience for residents, property owners and managers. We offer an open-API architecture that enables a myriad of third-party partner integrations, resulting in a multi-functional platform that enhances property management workflow efficiencies, empowers teams to get more done, elevates resident interactions, and improves resident living experiences. In the future, we intend to continue to release new products and solutions and enhance our existing products and solutions, and we expect that our operating results will be impacted by these releases.

Category Adoption and Market Growth

Our future growth depends in part on the continued consumer adoption of software and hardware products which improve the resident experience and the growth of this market. We need to deliver solutions that enhance the resident experience and deliver value to our customers, rental property owners and operators, as well as homebuilders and developers, by providing products and solutions designed to enhance visibility and control over assets while providing additional revenue opportunities. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we experienced headwinds to adoption as certain customers deferred capital expenditures, driven by broader macroeconomic conditions, which resulted in a decrease in Units Shipped and New Units Deployed. In addition, changes in our executive leadership and the structure of our sales organization have impacted sales and overall volumes.

Recent Developments

In January 2025, we announced the appointment of Michael Shane Paladin as President and Chief Executive Officer and member of the Board.

In April 2025, we announced the departure of Mr. Paladin, effective April 9, 2025. As part of the transition, Mr. Paladin resigned as a member of the board of directors, effective April 9, 2025. We have appointed John Dorman, our Board Chair, as our Interim CEO, effective as of April 9, 2025. Alison Dean, an independent member of the Board, has been appointed lead independent director of the Board. The Board has initiated a search to identify the next Chief Executive Officer of SmartRent and is working with a leading executive search firm to assist in the process of identifying and evaluating candidates.

On May 2, 2025, we received a written notification from the NYSE that as of May 2, 2025, we are not in compliance with the continued listing standard set forth in Section 802.01C of the NYSE Listed Company Manual because the average closing price of our Class A common stock was less than $1.00 per share over a consecutive 30 trading-day period. Pursuant to Section 802.01C, we can regain compliance with the minimum share price requirement if, on the last trading-day of any calendar month during the cure period, the company has (i) a closing share price of at least $1.00 and (ii) an average closing share price of at least $1.00 over the 30 trading-day period ending on the last trading day of that month. If we do not regain compliance within six months, the NYSE may commence suspension and delisting procedures with respect to our Class A common stock. We intend to notify NYSE that we intend to cure the continued listing standard deficiency and to return to compliance with Section 802.01C. We intend to monitor the closing price of the Class A common stock and to consider available alternatives, including, but not limited to, a reverse stock split, subject to stockholder approval, if necessary to cure the stock price non-compliance.

Basis of Presentation

The condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Report are prepared in accordance with GAAP.

Key Metrics

We regularly monitor a number of operating metrics in order to evaluate our operating performance, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, measure our progress and make strategic decisions. Our key metrics are not based on any standardized industry methodology and are not necessarily calculated in the same manner or comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies. Similarly, our key metrics may differ from estimates published by third parties or from similarly titled metrics of our competitors due to differences in methodology. The numbers that we use to calculate our key metrics are based on internal data. While these numbers are based on what we believe to be reasonable judgments and estimates for the applicable period of measurement, there are inherent challenges in measuring such information. We regularly review and may adjust our processes for calculating our internal metrics to improve their accuracy.

Units Deployed and New Units Deployed

We define Units Deployed as the aggregate number of Hub Devices that have been installed (including customer self-installations) and have an active subscription as of a stated measurement date. We utilize the Units Deployed metric to assess the health of our business and measure the trajectory of our growth. We define New Units Deployed as the aggregate number of Hub Devices that were installed (including customer self-installations) and resulted in a new active subscription during a stated measurement period. Although our revenue is primarily driven by New Units Deployed and the number of Units Deployed, due to the expansion of our products and services that don't require a Hub Device, and Hub Device upgrades that do not result in net new active subscriptions, the correlation between New Units Deployed and revenue is not as strong as it was historically. Although the correlation has decreased, New Units Deployed is still an indicator of our ability to acquire new customers and expand our relationships with our current customers. As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, we had an aggregate of 827,611 and 749,401 Units Deployed, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we had 18,114 and 29,710 New Units Deployed, respectively.

Units Shipped

We define Units Shipped as the aggregate number of Hub Devices that have been shipped to customers during a stated measurement period. Units Shipped is used to assess the trajectory of our growth and is an indicator of our ability to acquire new customers and expand our relationships with our current customers. However, we caution that Units Shipped also includes Hub Devices for upgrades and out of warranty replacements and may not be an indicator of New Units Deployed in future periods. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we had 43,418 and 51,744 Units Shipped, respectively.

Units Booked

We define Units Booked as the aggregate number of Hub Device units subject to binding orders executed during a stated measurement period that will result in a New Unit Deployed. We utilize the concept of Units Booked to measure estimated near-term resource demand and the resulting approximate range of post-delivery revenue that we will earn and record. Units Booked represent binding orders only. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 there were 18,210 and 46,290 Units Booked, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, ARR (as defined below) related to Units Booked was $2,246 and $3,980, respectively.

Bookings

We define Bookings as the contract value of hardware, professional services, and the first year of ARR for binding orders executed during a stated measurement period, including renewals and upgrades. We utilize Bookings to measure revenue expected to be earned in future periods from orders contracted during the current period. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, Bookings were $27,180 and $38,761, respectively.

SaaS Revenue

We define SaaS Revenue as monthly subscription revenue from fees paid by customers for access to one or more of SmartRent's software applications, including access controls, asset monitoring and related services, and our Community WiFi solution. We believe that SaaS Revenue growth demonstrates our ability to acquire new customers and to maintain and expand our relationships with existing customers. More specifically, we monitor our SaaS Revenue to assess the general health and trajectory of our Hosted Services business. Arrangements with customers do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of SmartRent's software at any time. Customers are granted continuous access to the services over the contractual period. As of March 31, 2025, approximately 35% of our ARR had prepaid payment terms. We believe that our customer base is inherently sticky given the barriers to entry associated with rolling out an integrated enterprise solution across a portfolio of rental units. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, we generated SaaS Revenue of $14.0 million and $11.9 million, respectively.

Annual Recurring Revenue

We define Annual Recurring Revenue ("ARR") as the annualized value of our SaaS Revenue earned in the current quarter, which we calculate by taking the total amount of SaaS Revenue in the current quarter and multiplying that amount by four. We believe that ARR growth demonstrates our ability to acquire new customers and to maintain and expand our relationships with existing customers. More specifically, we monitor our ARR to assess the general health and trajectory of our Hosted Services business. As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, ARR was approximately $55.9 million and $47.6 million, respectively.

Hardware Average Revenue per Unit ("ARPU"), Professional Services ARPU, SaaS ARPU, and Units Booked SaaS ARPU

We define Hardware ARPU as total hardware revenue during a given period divided by the total Units Shipped during the same period. Hardware ARPU is used to evaluate the effectiveness of our hardware pricing and assess our ability to market and sell our hardware offerings. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, Hardware ARPU was $434 and $562, respectively.

We define Professional Services ARPU as total professional services revenue during a given period divided by the total New Units Deployed, excluding customer self-installations, during the same period. Professional Services ARPU is used to assess our ability to effectively price our installation services. During the year ended December 31, 2024, we updated the denominator of the calculation to exclude self-installations as self-installations don't materially contribute to professional services revenue. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, Professional Services ARPU was $427 and $223, respectively, per the new definition of Professional Services ARPU. Under the previous definition, Professional Services ARPU was $215 and $221 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

We define SaaS ARPU as total SaaS Revenue during a given period divided by the average aggregate Units Deployed in the same period divided by the number of months in the period. Average aggregate Units Deployed is calculated as the Units Deployed as of the current period plus the Units Deployed as of the previous period divided by two. SaaS ARPU is used to evaluate the effectiveness of our SaaS pricing and assess our ability to market and sell our various software solutions. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, SaaS ARPU was $5.69 and $5.41, respectively.

We define Units Booked SaaS ARPU as the first year ARR for binding orders with Units Booked executed during the stated measurement period divided by the total Units Booked in the same period divided by the number of months in the period. Units Booked SaaS ARPU is used to evaluate the effectiveness of our SaaS pricing and assess our ability to market and sell our various software solutions for orders executed during the period. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, Units Booked SaaS ARPU was $10.28 and $7.16, respectively.

Customer Churn

We define Customer Churn as cancelled deployed units during the measurement period divided by Units Deployed as of the beginning of the measurement period. Cancelled deployed units are the previously deployed units that have been cancelled during the same measurement period in which a customer cancels all product subscriptions. Our Hosted Services growth is driven by our ability to retain our customers and minimize Customer Churn. Our Customer Churn for our Smart Communities Solutions was 0.02% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024.

Property Net Revenue Retention

We define Property Net Revenue Retention as SaaS Revenue at the end of the current period related to properties which had SaaS Revenue at the end of the same period in the prior year, divided by SaaS Revenue at the end of the same period in the prior year for those same properties. Property Net Revenue Retention includes additions to revenue from price increases on existing products, additions of new products at existing properties and transfers of ownership, offset by any reductions in revenue caused by cancellations or downgrades. Property Net Revenue Retention was 102% as of March 31, 2025 compared to 105% as of March 31, 2024.

Customer Net Revenue Retention

We define Customer Net Revenue Retention as SaaS Revenue at the end of the current period related to customers which had SaaS Revenue at the end of the same period in the prior year, divided by SaaS Revenue at the end of the same period in the prior year for those same customers. A customer with SaaS Revenue is defined as an entity that has an active subscription during the stated period. Customer Net Revenue Retention includes additions to revenue from transfers of ownership, price increases on existing products and additions of new products at existing properties, offset by any reductions in revenue caused by cancellations or downgrades. Customer Net Revenue Retention was 114% as of March 31, 2025.

The table below summarizes our key metrics.


	Three months ended March 31,
	2025		2024		Change %
Hardware
Hardware Units Shipped		43,418		51,744		(16	)%
Hardware ARPU	$	434	$	562		(23	)%
Professional Services
New Units Deployed		18,114		29,710		(39	)%
Professional services ARPU	$	427	$	223		92	%
Hosted Services
Units Deployed		827,611		749,401		10	%
Average aggregate units deployed		818,554		734,546		11	%
SaaS ARPU	$	5.69	$	5.41		5	%
Bookings
Units Booked		18,210		46,290		(61	)%
Bookings (in thousands)	$	27,180	$	38,761		(30	)%
Units Booked SaaS ARPU	$	10.28	$	7.16		44	%

Components of Results of Operations

Revenue

We generate revenue primarily from sales of systems that consist of hardware devices, professional installation services and Hosted Services enabling property owners and property managers to have visibility and control over assets, while providing all-in-one home control offerings for residents. We record revenue as earned when control of these products and services is transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to collect for those products and services. The table below summarizes our revenue by solution.


	For the three months ended March 31,
	2025								2024
	(dollars in thousands)


SmartRent Solutions	Hardware		Professional Services		Hosted Services(1)		Total 2025		Hardware		Professional Services		Hosted Services(1)		Total 2024
Smart Communities Solutions
Smart Apartments	$	17,697	$	2,993	$	14,415	$	35,105	$	27,429	$	2,713	$	14,072	$	44,214
Access Control		639		475		531		1,645		1,015		561		349		1,925
Community WiFi		3		219		193		415		137		16		180		333
Other		491		206		684		1,381		496		168		492		1,156
Smart Operations Solutions		-		-		2,798		2,798		-		-		2,861		2,861
Total Revenue	$	18,830	$	3,893	$	18,621	$	41,344	$	29,077	$	3,458	$	17,954	$	50,489

(1) For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, Hosted services revenue for our Smart Apartments solution included hub amortization revenue of $4,658 and $6,043, respectively.

Hardware Revenue

We generate revenue from the direct sale to our customers of hardware smart home devices, which devices generally consist of a Hub Device, door-locks, thermostats, sensors, and light switches. These hardware devices provide features that function independently without subscription to our software, and the performance obligation for hardware revenue is considered satisfied and revenue is recognized at a point in time when the hardware device is shipped to the customer. Certain Hub Devices do not function independently without the subscription, and therefore, the revenue is recognized in Hosted Services revenue. We generally provide a one-year warranty period on hardware devices that are delivered and installed. We record the cost of the warranty as a component of cost of hardware revenue.

Professional Services Revenue

We generate professional services revenue from installing smart home hardware devices, which does not result in significant customization of the installed products and is generally performed over a period ranging from two to four weeks. Installations can be performed by our employees, can be contracted out to a third party with our employees managing the engagement, or can be performed by the customer. Professional services contracts are generally performed on a fixed-price basis and revenue is recognized over the period in which installations are completed.

Hosted Services Revenue

We generate hosted services revenue from (1) the direct sale to our customers of hosted services from monthly subscription fees collected from customers to provide access to one or more of our software applications including access controls, asset monitoring, WiFi, and related services (“Hosted Services”) and (2) the amortization of non-distinct Hub Devices. The subscription arrangements have contractual terms ranging from one month to ten years and include recurring fixed plan subscription fees. The weighted average length of our recurring revenue contracts is 4.3 years. Our arrangements do not provide the customer with the right to take possession of our software at any time. Customers are granted continuous access to the services over the contractual period. Accordingly, fees collected for subscription services are recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract term beginning on the date the subscription service is made available to the customer.

We sold certain Hub Devices, which only function with the subscription to our software applications and related hosting services. We consider those devices and hosting services subscription as a single performance obligation, and therefore we defer the recognition of revenue for those devices that are sold with application subscriptions. The estimated average in-service life of those devices is four years. When a Hub Device without independent functionality is included in a contract that does not require a long-term service commitment, the customer obtains a material right to renew the service because purchasing a new device is not required upon renewal. If a contract contains a material right, proceeds are allocated to the material right and recognized over the period of benefit, which is generally four years. We do not expect to deploy any more non-distinct Hub Devices.

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue consists primarily of direct costs of products and services together with the indirect cost of estimated warranty expense and customer care and support over the life of the service arrangement. We expect the cost of revenue to increase in absolute dollars in future periods. We record any change to cost of job performance and job conditions in the period during which the revision is identified.

Hardware

Cost of hardware revenue consists primarily of direct costs of products, Hub Devices, hardware devices and supplies purchased from third-party providers, shipping costs, warehouse facility (including depreciation and amortization of capitalized assets and right-of-use assets) and infrastructure costs, personnel-related costs associated with the procurement and distribution of our products and estimated warranty expenses together with the indirect cost of customer care and support. We expect an increase in cost of hardware revenue in absolute dollars in future periods.

In 2019, the U.S. administration imposed significant changes to U.S. trade policy with respect to China. Tariffs have subjected certain SmartRent products manufactured overseas to additional import duties. The amount of the import tariff has changed numerous times based on action by the U.S. administration. We continue to monitor changes in policy impacting global trade, including tariff regulation. For example, the U.S. administration recently announced additional tariffs on imports from Canada, Mexico and China. Such actions may increase our cost of hardware revenue and reduce our hardware revenue margins in the future.

Professional Services

Cost of professional services revenue consists primarily of direct costs related to personnel-related expenses for installation and supervision of installation services, general contractor expenses and travel expenses associated with installation of our products, and indirect costs that are also primarily personnel-related expenses in connection with training of and ongoing support for customers and residents.

Hosted Services

Cost of Hosted Services revenue consists primarily of the amortization of the direct costs of certain Hub Devices consistent with the revenue recognition period noted above in “Hosted Services Revenue” and infrastructure costs associated with providing our software applications together with the indirect cost of customer care and support over the life of the service arrangement. In future periods, we expect the cost of Hosted Services revenue to increase in absolute dollars at a rate that is lower than the corresponding increase in Hosted Services revenue.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development

Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs directly associated with our research and development activities. Our research and development efforts are focused on enhancing and developing additional functionality for our existing products and on new product development. We account for the cost of research and development by capitalizing qualifying costs, which are incurred during the product development stage, and amortizing those costs over the product’s estimated useful life, which generally ranges from three to five years depending on the type of application. Costs incurred and capitalized during the product development stage generally include the costs of software configuration, coding, and testing. Such costs primarily include payroll and payroll-related expenses for employees directly involved in the product development. We expense preliminary evaluation costs as they are incurred before technological feasibility is achieved, as well as post development implementation and operation costs, such as training, maintenance and minor upgrades. We begin amortizing capitalized costs when a project is ready for its intended use, and we periodically reassess the estimated useful life of a project considering the effects of obsolescence, technology, competition and other economic factors which may result in a shorter remaining life. We believe our research and development costs will increase in absolute dollars as we increase our investment in product development to broaden the capabilities of our solutions and introduce new products and features.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Our sales and marketing expenses consist of costs directly associated with our sales and marketing activities, which primarily include personnel-related costs, sales commissions, marketing programs, trade shows, and promotional materials. Our sales and marketing expenses may increase over time as we hire additional sales and marketing personnel, increase our lead generation activities, grow our operations, and continue to build brand awareness.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel-related costs associated with our general and administrative organization, professional fees for legal, accounting and other consulting services, office facility, insurance, information technology costs, legal settlements, and expenses incurred as a result of operating as a public company, including expenses related to compliance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and stock exchange listing requirements, additional insurance expense, investor relations activities and other administrative and professional services. We may also increase the size of our general and administrative staff in order to support the growth of our business but at a rate that is lower than the corresponding increase in total revenue.

Impairment Charge

Impairment charge consists of goodwill impairment. See Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies for more information.

Other Income/Expenses

Other income/expenses consist primarily of interest income, net of interest expense, foreign currency transaction gains and losses, and other income related to the operations of foreign subsidiaries. Interest expense is recorded in connection with our various debt facilities. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses relate to the impact of transactions denominated in a foreign currency other than the U.S. dollar. If we continue to expand our international operations, our exposure to fluctuations in foreign currencies has increased, which we expect to continue.

Provision for Income Taxes

The income tax expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss is primarily related to the foreign and state taxes offset by a change in the valuation allowance. We established a full valuation allowance for net deferred U.S. federal and state tax assets, including net operating loss carryforwards. We expect to maintain this valuation allowance until it becomes more likely than not that the benefit of the federal and state deferred tax assets will be realized in future periods if it reports taxable income. We believe that we have established an adequate allowance for uncertain tax positions, although we can provide no assurance that the final outcome of these matters will not be materially different. To the extent that the final outcome of these matters is different than the amounts recorded, such differences will affect the provision for income taxes in the period in which such determination is made.

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

The results of operations presented below should be reviewed together with the condensed consolidated financial statements and notes included elsewhere in this Report. The following table summarizes our historical consolidated results of operations data for the periods presented. The period-to-period comparison of operating results is not necessarily indicative of results for future periods. All dollars are in thousands unless otherwise stated.


	Three months ended March 31,						2025 vs 2024 Change
	2025			2024			$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Revenue
Hardware	$	18,830		$	29,077		$	(10,247	)		(35	)%
Professional services		3,893			3,458			435			13	%
Hosted services		18,621			17,954			667			4	%
Total revenue		41,344			50,489			(9,145	)		(18	)%

Cost of revenue
Hardware		13,960			18,684			(4,724	)		(25	)%
Professional services		7,293			6,448			845			13	%
Hosted services		6,529			5,934			595			10	%
Total cost of revenue		27,782			31,066			(3,284	)		(11	)%

Operating expense
Research and development		8,258			8,362			(104	)		(1	)%
Sales and marketing		4,770			4,554			216			5	%
General and administrative		16,894			16,666			228			1	%
Total operating expenses		29,922			29,582			340			1	%

Impairment charge		24,929			-			24,929			100	%

Loss from operations		(41,289	)		(10,159	)		(31,130	)		(306	)%

Other income (expense)
Interest income, net		1,200			2,409			(1,209	)		(50	)%
Other income, net		13			103			(90	)		(87	)%
Loss before income taxes		(40,076	)		(7,647	)		(32,429	)		(424	)%

Income tax expense		108			45			63			140	%
Net Loss	$	(40,184	)	$	(7,692	)	$	(32,492	)		(422	)%

Comparison of the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

Revenue


	Three months ended March 31,				Change			Change
	2025		2024		$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Revenue
Hardware	$	18,830	$	29,077	$	(10,247	)		(35	)%
Professional services		3,893		3,458		435			13	%
Hosted services		18,621		17,954		667			4	%
Total revenue	$	41,344	$	50,489	$	(9,145	)		(18	)%

Total revenue decreased by approximately $9.1 million, or 18%, to $41.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, from $50.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by a $9.1 million decrease in revenue related to our Smart Apartments solution which resulted primarily from a decrease in New Units Deployed to 18,114 units for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from 29,710 units for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and a 16% decrease in Units Shipped to 43,418 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from 51,744 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, partially offset by a 10% increase in the number of cumulative active subscriptions for our Hosted Services during the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024. Overall decreases in New Units Deployed and Units Shipped are primarily attributable to our customers' decisions to defer capital expenditures, driven by broader macroeconomic conditions. In addition, changes in leadership and the structure of our sales organization have adversely impacted sales and overall volumes.

Hardware revenue decreased by $10.2 million, or 35%, to $18.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, from $29.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. This decrease in hardware revenue was driven by a decrease in revenue related to our Smart Apartments Solutions which resulted from a 16% decrease in Units Shipped to 43,418 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from 51,744 for the three months ended March 31, 2024, and a Hardware ARPU decrease of 23% to $434 for the 2025 period from $562 for the 2024 period. The Hardware ARPU decrease was primarily attributable to a change in customer mix.

Professional services revenue increased by $0.4 million, or 13%, to $3.9 million for three months ended March 31, 2025, from $3.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase in professional services revenue was driven by $1.1 million related to the installation of upgraded Hub Devices, which are not counted as New Units Deployed. This was partially offset by a $0.8 million decrease in revenue related to our Smart Apartments solutions. New Units Deployed decreased by 39% to 18,114 units for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from 29,710 units for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Hosted Services revenue increased by $0.6 million, or 4%, to $18.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, from $18.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Of the $18.6 million revenue in 2025, $14.0 million is related to SaaS Revenue and $4.6 million is related to hub amortization. Revenue from SaaS increased by $2.1 million, or 17%, and revenue from hub amortization decreased by $1.4 million from the three months ended March 31, 2024 to the three months ended March 31, 2025. The increase of Hosted Services revenue resulted primarily from a 10% increase in the aggregate number of Units Deployed, primarily of our Smart Apartment solution, from 749,401 units at March 31, 2024 to 827,611 units at March 31, 2025 and an increase in SaaS ARPU of 5% to $5.69 for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $5.41 for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

We don’t expect to deploy any more non-distinct Hub Devices, thus, the revenue contribution from hub amortization should continue to decrease in future periods until the non-distinct Hub Devices are fully amortized. The table below shows the expected revenue contribution from hub amortization.


	2025		2026		2027
	(dollars in thousands)
Revenue contribution from hub amortization
Q1(1)	$	4,658	$	2,104	$	153
Q2		4,382		1,455		51
Q3		3,419		886		18
Q4		2,702		407		7
Total	$	15,161	$	4,852	$	229

(1) Q1 2025 amount is actuals.

Cost of Revenue


	Three months ended March 31,				Change			Change
	2025		2024		$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Cost of revenue
Hardware	$	13,960	$	18,684	$	(4,724	)		(25	)%
Professional services		7,293		6,448		845			13	%
Hosted services		6,529		5,934		595			10	%
Total cost of revenue	$	27,782	$	31,066	$	(3,284	)		(11	)%

Total cost of revenue decreased by $3.3 million, or 11%, to $27.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, from $31.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease in cost of revenue resulted primarily from a 39% decrease in New Units Deployed and a 16% decrease in Units Shipped of our Smart Apartment solution hardware devices.

Hardware cost of revenue decreased by $4.7 million, or 25%, to $14.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, from $18.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. This decrease in hardware cost of revenue was primarily attributable to a 16% decrease in Units Shipped.

Professional services cost of revenue increased by $0.9 million, or 13%, to $7.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, from $6.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase in professional services cost of revenue is primarily attributable to an increase of approximately $1.4 million in third-party direct labor costs primarily related to the installation of upgraded Hub Devices, partially offset by a decrease of $0.5 million in personnel-related costs and travel driven by a 39% decrease in New Units Deployed.

Hosted Services cost of revenue increased by approximately $0.6 million, or 10%, to $6.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, from $5.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase resulted from a 10% increase in the aggregate number of Units Deployed and the resulting increase in the number of active subscriptions for our software service applications and an increase in personnel-related costs of $0.4 million, partially offset by a $0.4 million decrease in hub amortization.

Operating Expenses


	Three months ended March 31,				Change			Change
	2025		2024		$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Research and development	$	8,258	$	8,362	$	(104	)		(1	)%
Sales and marketing		4,770		4,554		216			5	%
General and administrative		16,894		16,666		228			1	%

Research and development expenses decreased by $0.1 million, or 1%, to $8.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, from $8.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, primarily related to an decrease of $0.5 million in personnel-related expenses, partially offset by an increase of $0.2 million in stock compensation and an increase of $0.2 million third-party consultants.

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $0.2 million, or 5%, to $4.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $4.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024, resulting primarily from an increase of $0.1 million in stock compensation and $0.1 million in advertising. We believe our sales and marketing expenses will increase in future periods as we continue to invest in building a scalable sales team, which began with hiring our new Chief Revenue Officer in September 2024.

General and administrative expenses increased by $0.2 million, or 1%, to $16.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 from $16.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. This was primarily driven by a $1.7 million increase related to legal matters, partially offset by a $0.8 million decrease in the provision for expected credit losses. and a $0.7 million decrease in stock compensation.

Impairment Charge


	Three months ended March 31,				Change		Change
	2025		2024		$		%
	(dollars in thousands)
Impairment charge	$	24,929	$	-	$	24,929		100	%

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we identified certain indicators of impairment, which resulted in a goodwill impairment charge of $24.9 million. See Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies for additional information.

Other Income


	Three months ended March 31,				Change			Change
	2025		2024		$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Interest income, net	$	1,200	$	2,409	$	(1,209	)		(50	)%
Other income, net		13		103		(90	)		(87	)%

Interest income, net decreased by approximately $1.3 million to $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, from $2.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease in net interest income is primarily attributable to a lower cash balance on which we’re earning interest, and a decrease in interest rates.

Income Taxes


	Three months ended March 31,						Change			Change
	2025			2024			$			%
	(dollars in thousands)
Loss before income taxes	$	(40,076	)	$	(7,647	)	$	(32,429	)		(424	)%
Income tax expense		108			45			63			140	%

We provided a full valuation allowance on our net U.S. federal and state deferred tax assets at March 31, 2025 and 2024.

As of December 31, 2024, we had gross net operating losses of $222.9 million and $215.4 million for federal and state income tax return purposes, respectively. Federal net operating losses can be carried forward indefinitely, while State net operating losses will expire between 2032 and 2044. We also have $0.1 million of R&D credits available that expire in 2039.

The income tax expense is related to the foreign and state taxes offset by a change in the valuation allowance.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

To supplement the condensed consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with GAAP, we present EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, described below, as non-GAAP measures. We believe the presentation of both GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures provides investors with increased transparency into financial measures used by our management team and improves investors’ understanding of our underlying operating performance and their ability to analyze our ongoing operating trends.

All historic non-GAAP financial measures have been reconciled with the most directly comparable GAAP financial measures - these non-GAAP financial measures are not intended to supersede or replace our GAAP results.

We define EBITDA as net income (loss) computed in accordance with GAAP before interest income, net, income tax expense (benefit) and depreciation and amortization.

We define Adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA before expenses related to non-recurring legal matters, stock-based compensation, goodwill impairment, non-recurring warranty provisions, other acquisition expenses, and other expenses caused by non-recurring, or unusual, events that are not indicative of our ongoing business.

Our management uses EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to assess our financial and operating performance, and we believe these measures are helpful to management and external users in understanding our performance. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA help management identify controllable cash expenses and make decisions designed to help us meet our identified financial and operational goals and to optimize our financial performance, while neutralizing the impact of some expenses included in our operating results caused by external influences over which management has little or no control and by non-recurring, or unusual, events that might otherwise mask trends in our performance. Accordingly, we believe these metrics measure our financial performance based on operational factors that management can impact in the short-term, namely our cost structure and expenses.

We believe that the presentation of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA provides information useful to investors in assessing our results of operations. The GAAP measure most directly comparable to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA is net income (loss). EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are not used as measures of our liquidity and should not be considered alternatives to net income (loss) or any other measure of financial performance presented in accordance with GAAP. Our EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to the EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA of other companies due to the fact that not all companies use the same definitions of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that our basis for computing these non-GAAP measures is comparable with that of other companies.

The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss (as determined in accordance with GAAP) to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods indicated.


	For the three months ended March 31,
	2025			2024
	(dollars in thousands)
Net loss	$	(40,184	)	$	(7,692	)
Interest income, net		(1,200	)		(2,409	)
Income tax expense		108			45
Depreciation and amortization		1,943			1,501
EBITDA		(39,333	)		(8,555	)
Legal matters(1)		5,105			5,300
Stock-based compensation		2,836			3,281
Goodwill impairment(2)		24,929			-
Non-recurring warranty provision		(150	)		-
Other acquisition expenses		52			140
Other non-operating expenses(3)		189			231
Adjusted EBITDA	$	(6,372	)	$	397

(1) Refer to Note 12 "Commitments and Contingencies".

(2) Refer to Note 2 "Significant Accounting Policies"

(3) During the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, other non-operating expenses includes severance expense of $169 and $231, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

As of March 31, 2025, we had cash and cash equivalents of $125.6 million, which were held for working capital and general corporate purposes. Our cash equivalents are comprised primarily of money market funds. To date, our principal sources of liquidity have been the net proceeds received as a result of the Business Combination, and payments collected from sales to our customers.

Debt Issuances

Following the maturity of our Revolving Facility (as defined below) in December 2021, we entered into a $75.0 million senior secured revolving credit facility with a five-year term (the "Senior Revolving Facility"). Interest rates for draws upon the Senior Revolving Facility are determined by whether we elect a secured overnight financing rate loan (“SOFR Loan”) or alternate base rate loan (”ABR Loan”). For SOFR Loans, the interest rate is based upon the forward-looking term rate based on SOFR as published by the CME Group Benchmark Administration Limited (CBA) plus 0.10%, subject to a floor of 0.00%, plus an applicable margin. For ABR Loans, the interest rate is based upon the highest of (i) the Prime Rate, (ii) the Federal Funds Effective Rate plus 0.50%, or (iii) 3.25%, plus an applicable margin. As of March 31, 2025, the applicable margins for SOFR Loans and ABR Loans under the Senior Revolving Facility were 1.75% and (0.50%), respectively. The Senior Revolving Facility is secured by substantially all of our assets and guaranteed by each of our material domestic subsidiaries.

We believe that our current cash, cash equivalents, available borrowing capacity under the Senior Revolving Facility, and cash raised in the Business Combination will be sufficient to fund our operations for at least the next 12 months beyond the issuance date of this Report. Our future capital requirements, however, will depend on many factors, including our sales volume, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, and market adoption of our new and enhanced products and features. We may in the future enter into arrangements to acquire or invest in complementary businesses, services, and technologies, including intellectual property rights. From time to time, we may seek to raise additional funds through equity and debt financings. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired and on reasonable terms, our business, results of operations, and financial condition may be adversely affected.

Stock Repurchase Program

In March 2024, the Board authorized a stock repurchase program pursuant to which we may repurchase up to $50 million of our Class A common stock. Repurchases under the program may be made from time to time through open market purchases or through privately negotiated transactions subject to market conditions, applicable legal requirements and other relevant factors. The repurchase program does not obligate us to acquire any particular amount of our Class A common stock and may be suspended at any time at our discretion. The timing and number of shares repurchased will depend on a variety of factors, including the stock price, business and market conditions, corporate and regulatory requirements, alternative investment opportunities, acquisition opportunities, and other factors.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we repurchased 1.0 million shares of our Class A common stock under the stock repurchase program at an average price of approximately $1.18 per share for a total of $1.2 million. As of March 31, 2025, approximately $20.4 million remained available for stock repurchases pursuant to our stock repurchase program.

During the three months ended March 31, 2024, we repurchased 1.6 million shares of our Class A common stock under the stock repurchase program at an average price of approximately $2.74 per share for a total of $4.4 million. As of March 31, 2024, approximately $45.6 million remained available for stock repurchases pursuant to our stock repurchase program.

Cash Flow Summary - Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented.


	Three months ended March 31,
	2025			2024
	(dollars in thousands)
Net cash used in
Operating activities	$	(12,169	)	$	(3,337	)
Investing activities		(3,469	)		(956	)
Financing activities		(1,505	)		(6,462	)

Operating Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, our operating activities used $12.2 million in cash resulting primarily from our net loss of $40.2 million and $2.6 million used in changes in our operating assets and liabilities, partially offset by approximately $30.6 million provided by non-cash expenses. Changes in our operating assets and liabilities primarily resulted from a $16.1 million decrease in deferred revenue and a $2.6 million decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities, partially offset by a $9.4 million decrease in accounts receivable, a $2.8 million decrease in deferred cost of revenue, a $2.5 million increase in accounts payable and a $1.9 decrease in inventory. Non-cash expenses consisted primarily of a $24.9 million goodwill impairment - refer to Note 2 Significant Accounting Policies, $2.8 million of stock compensation and $1.9 million of depreciation and amortization.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, our operating activities used $3.3 million in cash resulting primarily from our net loss of $7.7 million and $6.7 million used in changes in our operating assets and liabilities, partially offset by $11.1 million provided by non-cash expenses. Changes in our operating assets and liabilities primarily resulted from a $7.4 million decrease in accounts payable, $6.7 million decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities, and a $3.6 million decrease in deferred revenue, partially offset by a $5.6 million decrease in inventory, $2.7 million decrease in accounts receivable, and a $2.7 million decrease in deferred cost of revenue. Non-cash expenses consisted primarily of a non-cash legal accrual for $5.0 million in which the Company has made a substantive offer to settle a dispute with a supplier by returning $5.0 million of inventory, stock-based compensation of $3.3 million, depreciation and amortization of $1.5 million, and provision for doubtful accounts of $1.2 million.

Investing Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, we used $3.5 million of cash for investing activities, resulting primarily from cash paid of $2.2 million for the purchase of property and equipment (primarily tenant improvements for which reimbursement is expected to be received during the quarter ended June 30, 2025) and $1.3 million for capitalized internal-use software development costs,

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, we used $1.0 million of cash for investing activities, resulting primarily from cash paid of $0.9 million for capitalized internal-use software development costs.

Financing Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2025, our financing activities used $1.5 million of cash, resulting primarily from $1.2 million used for repurchases of Class A common stock, and $0.5 million used for taxes paid related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards.

For the three months ended March 31, 2024, our financing activities used $6.5 million of cash, resulting primarily from $4.4 million used for repurchases of Class A common stock, $1.5 million used for earnout payments related to the iQuue acquisition, and $0.9 million used for taxes paid related to net share settlements of stock-based compensation awards.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have any off-balance sheet arrangements as of March 31, 2025.

Critical Accounting Estimates

We prepare our condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that can significantly impact the amounts we report as assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses and the related disclosures. We base our estimates on historical experience and other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ significantly from these estimates under different assumptions and conditions. We believe that the accounting policies discussed below are critical to understanding our historical and future performance as these policies involve a greater degree of judgment and complexity.

Revenue Recognition

We derive revenue primarily from sales of systems that consist of hardware devices, professional installation services and Hosted Services to assist property owners and property managers with visibility and control over assets, while providing all-in-one home control offerings for residents. Revenue is recognized when control of these products and services are transferred to the customer in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for those products and services.

Payments we receive by check or automated clearing house payments, and payment terms are determined by individual contracts and range from due upon receipt to net 30 days. Taxes collected from customers and remitted to governmental authorities are not included in reported revenue. Payments received from customers in advance of revenue recognition are reported as deferred revenue.

We apply the practical expedient that allows for inclusion of the future auto-renewals in the initial measurement of the transaction price. We only apply these steps when it is probable that we will collect the consideration to which we are entitled in exchange for the goods or services it transfers to a customer.

Accounting for contracts recognized over time involves the use of various estimates of total contract revenue and costs. Due to uncertainties inherent in the estimation process, it is possible that estimates of costs to complete a performance obligation may be revised in the future as we observe the economic performance of our contracts. Changes in job performance, job conditions and estimated profitability may result in revision to our estimates of revenue and costs and are recognized in the period in which the revision is identified.

We may enter into contracts that contain multiple distinct performance obligations including hardware and Hosted Services. The hardware performance obligation includes the delivery of hardware, and the Hosted Services performance obligation allows the customer use of our software during the contracted-use term. The subscription for the software and certain Hub Devices combine as one performance obligation, and there is no support or ongoing subscription for other device hardware. We partner with several manufacturers to offer a range of compatible hardware options for its customers. We maintain control of the hardware purchased from manufacturers prior to it being transferred to the customer, and accordingly, SmartRent is considered the principal in these arrangements.

For each performance obligation identified, we estimate the standalone selling price, which represents the price at which we would sell the good or service separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, we estimate the standalone selling price, considering available information such as market conditions, historical pricing data, and internal pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations. We then allocate the transaction price among those obligations based on the estimation of the standalone selling price.

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of cost over net assets of our completed business combinations. We test for potential impairment of goodwill on an annual basis as of September 30 to determine if the carrying value is less than the fair value. We will conduct additional tests between annual tests if there are indications of potential goodwill impairment. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, we experienced a sustained decline in stock price, resulting in a significant decrease in market capitalization. As a result, we conducted an interim impairment test utilizing the qualitative approach and determined that impairment is more likely than not. As a result, we then performed an interim quantitative impairment test which resulted in an indication of impairment.

The fair value of the reporting unit used in this impairment test was determined using a combination of an income approach and market-based approach. The mix between the two approaches requires significant judgement. As a result of these tests, we recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $24,929.

To the extent that inputs and assumptions used in the analysis change, such as an increased discount rate, updated cash flow projections, or decreases to Guideline companies’ multiples, additional impairment charges may be recorded in the future. In addition, a further decrease in our common stock share price and market capitalization could be an indicator of a decrease in the fair value of our equity.

As noted above, the estimates and assumptions regarding expected future cash flows, discount rates, and revenue and EBITDA multiples require considerable judgment and are based on market conditions, financial forecasts, industry trends, and historical experience. These estimates have inherent uncertainties, and different assumptions could lead to materially different results. Our goodwill balance was $92.3 million and $117.3 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.

Inventory Valuation

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or estimated net realizable value. Cost is computed under the first-in, first-out method. We adjust the inventory balance based on anticipated obsolescence, usage, and historical write-offs. Significant judgment is used in establishing our forecasts of future demand and obsolete material exposures. We consider marketability and product life cycle stage, product development plans, demand forecasts, historical revenue, and assumptions about future demand and market conditions in establishing our estimates. If the actual product demand is significantly lower than forecast, which may be caused by factors within and outside of our control, or if there were a higher incidence of inventory obsolescence because of rapidly changing technology and our customer requirements, we may be required to increase our inventory adjustment. A change in our estimates could have a significant impact on the value of our inventory and our results of operations.

Stock-Based Compensation

Our stock-based compensation relates to stock options and restricted stock units ("RSUs") granted to our employees and directors. Stock-based awards are measured based on the grant date fair value. We estimate the fair value of stock option awards on the grant date using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. The fair value of RSUs is based on the grant date fair value of the stock price. The fair value of these awards is recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period in which the awards are expected to vest. Forfeitures are recognized as they occur by reversing previously recognized compensation expense.

The Black-Scholes model considers several variables and assumptions in estimating the fair value of stock-based awards. These variables include the per share fair value of the underlying common stock, exercise price, expected term, risk-free interest rate, expected annual dividend yield, the expected stock price volatility over the expected term and forfeitures, which are recognized as they occur. For all stock options granted, we calculated the expected term using the simplified method for “plain vanilla” stock option awards.

The grant date fair value is also utilized with respect to RSUs with performance and service conditions to vest. For RSUs with a performance condition, based on a liquidity event, as well as a service condition to vest, no compensation expense is recognized until the performance condition has been satisfied. Subsequent to the liquidity event, compensation expense is recognized to the extent the requisite service period has been completed and compensation expense thereafter is recognized on an accelerated attribution method. Under the accelerated attribution method, compensation expense is recognized over the remaining requisite service period for each service condition tranche as though each tranche is, in substance, a separate award. In August 2021, we completed the merger with FWAA, which met the liquidity event vesting condition and triggered the recognition of compensation expense for awards of RSUs, or applicable portions of such awards, for which the time-based vesting condition had been satisfied.

Emerging Growth Company Status

Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (the "JOBS Act") exempts “emerging growth companies” as defined in Section 2(A) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a company can choose not to take advantage of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies, and any such election to not take advantage of the extended transition period is irrevocable. We are an “emerging growth company” and have elected to take advantage of the benefits of this extended transition period.

We will use this extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public business entities and non-public business entities until the earlier of the date we (a) are no longer an emerging growth company or (b) affirmatively and irrevocably opt out of the extended transition period provided in the JOBS Act. The extended transition period exemptions afforded by our emerging growth company status may make it difficult or impossible to compare our financial results with the financial results of another public company that is either not an emerging growth company or is an emerging growth company that has chosen not to take advantage of this exemption because of the potential differences in accounting standards used.

We will remain an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act until the earliest of (a) the first fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the initial public offering by FWAA, which closed on February 9, 2021, (b) the last date of our fiscal year in which we have total annual gross revenue of at least $1.235 billion, (c) the last date of our fiscal year in which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer” under the rules of the SEC with at least $700.0 million of outstanding securities held by non-affiliates or (d) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non- convertible debt securities during the previous three years.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2, “Significant Accounting Policies” - Recent Accounting Guidance for more information.

Item 3 - Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business. Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial condition due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. Our market risk exposure is primarily the result of fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect, to date, on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Nonetheless, if our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Interest Rate Fluctuation Risk

As of March 31, 2025, we had cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash of approximately $125.6 million, which consisted primarily of institutional money market funds, which carries a degree of interest rate risk. A hypothetical 10% change in interest rates would increase our annual interest income by $12.6 million, or decrease our annual interest income by $4.8 million, based on our cash position as of March 31, 2025.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

Our results of operations and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Substantially all of our revenue is generated in U.S. dollars. Our expenses are generally denominated in the currencies of the jurisdictions in which we conduct our operations, which are primarily in the United States and to a lesser extent in Croatia and other international markets. Our results of operations and cash flows are, therefore, subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates and may be adversely affected in the future due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The effect of a hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates applicable to our business would not have a material impact on our historical consolidated financial statements. To date, we have not engaged in any hedging strategies. As our international operations grow, we will continue to reassess our approach to manage our risk relating to fluctuations in currency rates.

Item 4 - Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) at the end of the period covered by this Report and, based on such evaluation, have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of March 31, 2025, at the reasonable assurance level to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by us in this Report was (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and regulations and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Interim Chief Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2025, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. Other Information

Item 1 - Legal Proceedings

From time to time, we are subject to various claims, charges and litigation matters that arise in the ordinary course of business. We believe these actions are a normal incident of the nature and kind of business in which we are engaged. While it is not feasible to predict the outcome of these matters with certainty, we do not believe that any asserted or unasserted legal claims or proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or prospects. See Note 12 - Commitments and Contingencies for additional information.

Item 1A - Risk Factors

We are subject to various risks and uncertainties in the course of our business. For a discussion of risks and uncertainties relating to our business, please see the section titled "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on 10-K filed with the SEC on March 5, 2025. Other than the risk factors below, there have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed therein. We may disclose changes to such risk factors or disclose additional risk factors from time to time in our future SEC filings.

We may not successfully manage the transition of leadership associated with the departure of our Chief Executive Officer, which could have an adverse impact on us.

On April 10, 2025, we announced the departure of Michael Shane Paladin as the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and as a member of our board of directors. In connection with Mr. Paladin's departure, John Dorman, our Board Chair, was appointed as our Interim Chief Executive Officer, and Alison Dean, a current member of our board of directors, was appointed as lead independent director of the Board. Our success will depend, in part, on our management of the transition to our Interim Chief Executive Officer, the effectiveness of our Interim Chief Executive Officer, our search for, transition to and integration of a permanent successor Chief Executive Officer, and the effectiveness of the permanent successor, if appointed. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in finding a suitable permanent successor or that we will be able to do so in a timely manner. The Chief Executive Officer position is critical to executing on and achieving our vision, strategic direction, culture, and products. The leadership transition may create uncertainty among employees, suppliers and customers, divert resources and management attention, and impact public or market perception, our stock price or our performance, any of which could negatively impact our ability to operate effectively which could have an adverse impact on our business and results of operations.

We are not in compliance with the NYSE’s minimum share price requirement, and, as a result, shares of our common stock may be delisted from the NYSE, which would have an adverse impact on the trading volume, liquidity and market price of shares of our Class A Common Stock.

While we expect to regain compliance with the NYSE’s listing requirements, there can be no assurance that we will do so. If the NYSE delists our securities from trading on its exchange and we are not able to list such securities on another national securities exchange, we expect our securities could be quoted on an over-the-counter market. If this were to occur, it could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations and would likely result in decreased liquidity and greater volatility, which may materially and adversely affect the value of our Class A common stock. A delisting of our Class A common stock could negatively impact our company and holders of our Class A common stock, including by reducing the willingness of investors to hold our Class A common stock because of the resulting decreased price, liquidity and trading of our Class A common stock, limited availability of price quotations, and reduced news and analyst coverage. These developments may also require brokers trading in our Class A common stock to adhere to more stringent rules and may limit our ability to raise capital by issuing additional shares of Class A common stock in the future. Delisting may adversely impact the perception of our financial condition, cause reputational harm with investors, our employees and parties conducting business with us, and limit our access to debt and equity financing.

Item 2 – Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers

The following table summarizes the share repurchase activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025.


Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)		Average Price Paid Per Share (2)		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (1)		Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1)
	(in thousands, except per share amounts)
January 1 - January 31, 2025		-	$	-		-	$	21,587
February 1 - February 28, 2025		-	$	-		-	$	21,587
March 1 - March 31, 2025		1,018	$	1.18		1,018	$	20,395
Total		1,018				1,018

(1) In March 2024, our board of directors authorized the repurchase of up to $50,000,000 of our Class A common stock. Repurchases under the program can be made through open market transactions, privately negotiated transactions and other means in compliance with applicable federal securities laws, including through Rule 10b5-1 plans. We have discretion in determining the conditions under which shares may be repurchased from time to time. The repurchase program does not have an expiration date and may be suspended at any time at our discretion. Refer to Note 7 — Convertible Preferred Stock and Equity in Part I, Item 1 of this Report for additional information related to share repurchases.

(2) Average price paid per share includes costs associated with the repurchases.

Item 3 – Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4 – Mine Safety Disclosures

Not Applicable.

Item 5 – Other Information

Securities Trading Plans of Directors and Executive Officers

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, none of our directors or executive officers adopted, modified or terminated any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (each as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).

Item 6 - Exhibits

The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.



		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit	Exhibit Description	Form	Exhibit	Filing Date
3.1	Third Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation.	8-K	3.1	August 30, 2021
3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws.	8-K	3.2	August 30, 2021
10.1†	Severance Agreement and Release between SmartRent, Inc. and Michael Shane Paladin, dated April 9, 2025.			Filed herewith
10.2†	Employment Agreement, dated as of April 9, 2025, by and between SmartRent.com, Inc. and John Dorman.			Filed herewith
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.			Filed herewith
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.			Filed herewith
32.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer as adopted pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.			Filed herewith
32.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer as adopted pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.			Filed herewith
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema with Embedded Linkbase Documents.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101

* The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 and 32.2 that accompany this Report are deemed furnished and not filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of SmartRent, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Report, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

† Indicates a management contract or any compensatory plan, contract or arrangement.

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on this 7th day of May 2025.


SmartRent, Inc.

By:	/s/ John Dorman

	John Dorman
	Interim Chief Executive Officer
	(Principal Executive Officer)


By:	/s/ Daryl Stemm

	Daryl Stemm
	Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)