EX-99.1 2 d920688dex991.htm EX-99.1 EX-99.1

Exhibit 99.1

 

LOGO

Offerpad Reports First Quarter 2025 Results

Renovate delivers record $5.3 million in Q1 revenue up 29% sequentially

TEMPE, Ariz.—(BUSINESS WIRE)— Offerpad Solutions Inc. (“Offerpad”) (NYSE: OPAD), a leading tech-enabled platform for residential real estate, today released financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2025.

“In Q1, we delivered balanced results in line with expectations, led by increasing Cash Offer volume and growing contribution margin from our asset-light services,” said Brian Bair, Chairman and CEO of Offerpad. “We’re focused on building a strong, flexible foundation—enhancing the customer experience, driving efficiency, and scaling programs like Renovate and our Agent Partnership Program—so we’re not only operating for today’s market, but positioned to accelerate as transaction volume normalizes.”

Q1 2025 Highlights include:

 

   

Improved net loss and adjusted EBITDA 13% or $2.3M and 32% or $3.7M, respectively, from the prior quarter

 

   

Gross profit per home sold of $22.8k an improvement of 8% from the prior quarter

 

   

Total operating expenses for the quarter decreased to $22.0M from $36.2M the prior year, a $14.1M or 39% improvement

 

   

Renovate closed 209 projects in Q1 2025 up 12% versus the prior quarter generating record revenue of $5.3M

 

   

Acquisitions from Offerpad’s Agent Partnership Program grew to 42% of total compared to 28% the prior year

 

   

671 homes in inventory at the end of Q1 with 13% owned for over 180 days and not under contract for resale down from 22% at the end of the year

“We’re seeing strong early performance in 2025, with revenue growth building on a significantly reduced cost base,” said Peter Knag, Offerpad’s CFO. “As we ramp up acquisition activity, we’re staying disciplined in how we operate: efficient, focused, and growth-minded.”


Q1 2025 Financial Results (quarter over quarter)

 

     Q1 2025      Q4 2024      Percentage
Change
 

Homes acquired

     454        384        18

Homes sold

     460        503        (9 %) 

Revenue

   $ 160.7M      $ 174.3M        (8 %) 

Gross profit

   $ 10.5M      $ 10.6M        (1 %) 

Net loss

   ($ 15.1M    ($ 17.3M      13

Adjusted EBITDA

   ($ 7.8M    ($ 11.5M      32

Diluted Net Loss per Share

   ($ 0.55    ($ 0.63      13

Gross profit per home sold

   $ 22,800      $ 21,100        8

Contribution profit after interest per home sold

   $ 500      $ 5,500        (91 %) 

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 30.8M      $ 43.0M        (28 %) 

Q1 2025 Financial Results (year over year)

 

     Q1 2025      Q1 2024      Percentage
Change
 

Homes acquired

     454        806        (44 %) 

Homes sold

     460        847        (46 %) 

Revenue

   $ 160.7M      $ 285.4M        (44 %) 

Gross profit

   $ 10.5M      $ 22.6M        (53 %) 

Net loss

   ($ 15.1M    ($ 17.5M      14

Adjusted EBITDA

   ($ 7.8M    ($ 7.1M      (10 %) 

Diluted Net Loss per Share

   ($ 0.55    ($ 0.64      14

Gross profit per home sold

   $ 22,800      $ 26,700        (14 %) 

Contribution profit after interest per home sold

   $ 500      $ 11,900        (96 %) 

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 30.8M      $ 68.6M        (55 %) 

Additional information regarding Offerpad’s first quarter of 2025 financial results and management commentary can be found by accessing the Company’s Quarterly Shareholder presentation on the Offerpad investor relations website.

Second Quarter 2025 Outlook

Offerpad is providing its second quarter outlook for 2025 as follows:

 

   Q2 2025 Outlook
Homes Sold    500 to 550
Revenue    $160M to $190M
Adjusted EBITDA1    Sequential Improvement

 

1 

See Non-GAAP financial measures below for an explanation of why a reconciliation of this guidance cannot be provided.


Conference Call and Webcast Details

Brian Bair, Chairman and CEO, and Peter Knag, CFO, will host a conference call and accompanying webcast on May 5, 2025, at 4:30 p.m. ET. The webcast can be accessed on Offerpad’s Investor Relations website. Those interested can register here. Access to a replay of the webcast will be available from the same website address shortly after the live webcast concludes.

About Offerpad

Offerpad, dedicated to simplifying the process of buying and selling homes, is a publicly traded company committed to providing comprehensive solutions that removes the friction from real estate. Our advanced real estate platform offers a range of services, from consumer cash offers to B2B renovation solutions and industry partnership programs, all tailored to meet the unique needs of our clients. Since 2015, we have leveraged local expertise in residential real estate alongside proprietary technology to guide homeowners at every step. Learn more at www.offerpad.com.

#OPAD_IR

Contacts

Investors

[email protected]

Media

[email protected]

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this press release may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or Offerpad’s future financial or operating performance. For example, statements regarding Offerpad’s financial outlook, including homes sold, revenue and Adjusted EBITDA, for the first quarter of 2025, and expectations regarding market conditions, strategic imperatives and long-term sustainability and growth are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “pro forma,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “project,” “strive,” “budget,” “forecast,” “expect,” “intend,” “will,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue,” or the negatives of these terms or variations of them or similar terminology. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that may impact such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, Offerpad’s ability to respond to general economic conditions; the health of the U.S. residential real estate industry; Offerpad’s ability to grow market share in its existing markets or any


new markets it may enter; Offerpad’s ability to grow effectively; Offerpad’s ability to accurately value and manage real estate inventory, maintain an adequate and desirable supply of real estate inventory, and manage renovations; Offerpad’s ability to successfully launch new product and service offerings, and to manage, develop and refine its technology platform; Offerpad’s ability to maintain and enhance its products and brand, and to attract customers; Offerpad’s ability to achieve and maintain profitability in the future; and the success of strategic relationships with third parties; Offerpad’s ability to regain compliance with New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) Rule 802.01B, or failure to comply with other NYSE continued listing rules. These and other important factors discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in Offerpad’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 2025, and Offerpad’s other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by the forward-looking statements made in this press release. These forward-looking statements are based upon estimates and assumptions that, while considered reasonable by Offerpad and its management, are inherently uncertain. Nothing in this press release should be regarded as a representation by any person that the forward-looking statements set forth herein will be achieved or that any of the contemplated results of such forward-looking statements will be achieved. You should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made. Offerpad undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.


OFFERPAD SOLUTIONS INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
(in thousands, except per share data) (Unaudited)    2025     2024  

Revenue

   $ 160,698     $ 285,358  

Cost of revenue

     150,191       262,763  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gross profit

     10,507       22,595  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Operating expenses:

    

Sales, marketing and operating

     13,828       22,452  

General and administrative

     7,196       11,955  

Technology and development

     1,020       1,773  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total operating expenses

     22,044       36,180  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss from operations

     (11,537     (13,585

Other income (expense):

    

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities

     (257     344  

Interest expense

     (3,522     (4,905

Other income, net

     296       754  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other expense

     (3,483     (3,807
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Loss before income taxes

     (15,020     (17,392

Income tax expense

     (37     (123
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss

   $ (15,057   $ (17,515
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss per share, basic

   $ (0.55   $ (0.64
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net loss per share, diluted

   $ (0.55   $ (0.64
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average common shares outstanding, basic

     27,564       27,339  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Weighted average common shares outstanding, diluted

     27,564       27,339  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 


OFFERPAD SOLUTIONS INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

 

     March 31,     December 31,  
(in thousands, except par value per share) (Unaudited)    2025     2024  

ASSETS

    

Current assets:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 30,826     $ 43,018  

Restricted cash

     4,857       30,608  

Accounts receivable

     6,294       3,848  

Real estate inventory

     210,847       214,174  

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     2,656       2,564  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current assets

     255,480       294,212  

Property and equipment, net

     9,840       9,127  

Other non-current assets

     9,158       9,714  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL ASSETS

   $ 274,478     $ 313,053  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

    

Current liabilities:

    

Accounts payable

   $ 2,151     $ 1,922  

Accrued and other current liabilities

     12,712       11,804  

Secured credit facilities and other debt, net

     155,285       195,378  

Secured credit facilities and other debt - related party

     55,682       41,861  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total current liabilities

     225,830       250,965  

Warrant liabilities

     488       231  

Other long-term liabilities

     13,942       14,204  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     240,260       265,400  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Commitments and contingencies

    

Stockholders’ equity:

    

Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized; 27,543 and 27,379 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively

     3       3  

Additional paid in capital

     509,318       507,696  

Accumulated deficit

     (475,103     (460,046
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total stockholders’ equity

     34,218       47,653  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

   $ 274,478     $ 313,053  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 


OFFERPAD SOLUTIONS INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

 

     Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
($ in thousands) (Unaudited)    2025     2024  

Cash flows from operating activities:

    

Net loss

   $ (15,057   $ (17,515

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:

    

Depreciation

     206       166  

Amortization of debt financing costs

     341       818  

Real estate inventory valuation adjustment

     1,743       624  

Stock-based compensation

     1,782       3,867  

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities

     257       (344

Loss (gain) on disposal of property and equipment

     75       (5

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

    

Accounts receivable

     (2,446     5,588  

Real estate inventory

     1,584       9,769  

Prepaid expenses and other assets

     465       670  

Accounts payable

     229       (568

Accrued and other liabilities

     645       (684
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities

     (10,176     2,386  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

    

Purchases of property and equipment

     (994     (353

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment

     —        30  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

     (994     (323
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities:

    

Borrowings from credit facilities and other debt

     162,795       242,142  

Repayments of credit facilities and other debt

     (189,408     (245,579

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

     —        16  

Payments for taxes related to stock-based awards

     (160     (43
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in financing activities

     (26,773     (3,464
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net change in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

     (37,943     (1,401

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period

     73,626       79,934  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, end of period

   $ 35,683     $ 78,533  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to the condensed consolidated balance sheet:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 30,826     $ 68,550  

Restricted cash

     4,857       9,983  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

   $ 35,683     $ 78,533  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

    

Cash payments for interest

   $ 8,401     $ 6,427  


Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to Offerpad’s results of operations above, Offerpad reports certain financial measures that are not required by, or presented in accordance with, U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). These measures have limitations as analytical tools when assessing Offerpad’s operating performance and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for GAAP measures, including gross profit and net income.

Offerpad may calculate or present its non-GAAP financial measures differently than other companies who report measures with similar titles and, as a result, the non-GAAP financial measures Offerpad reports may not be comparable with those of companies in Offerpad’s industry or in other industries. Offerpad has not provided a quantitative reconciliation of forecasted Adjusted EBITDA to forecasted net income (loss) within this press release because Offerpad is unable to calculate certain reconciling items without making unreasonable efforts. These items, which include, but are not limited to, stock-based compensation with respect to future grants and forfeitures, could materially affect the computation of forward-looking net income (loss), are inherently uncertain and depend on various factors, some of which are outside of Offerpad’s control.

Adjusted Gross Profit, Contribution Profit, and Contribution Profit After Interest (and related margins)

To provide investors with additional information regarding Offerpad’s margins, Offerpad has included Adjusted Gross Profit, Contribution Profit, and Contribution Profit After Interest (and related margins), which are non-GAAP financial measures. Offerpad believes that Adjusted Gross Profit, Contribution Profit, and Contribution Profit After Interest are useful financial measures for investors as they are used by management in evaluating unit level economics and operating performance across Offerpad’s markets. Each of these measures is intended to present the economics related to homes sold during a given period. Offerpad does so by including revenue generated from homes sold (and ancillary services) in the period and only the expenses that are directly attributable to such home sales, even if such expenses were recognized in prior periods, and excluding expenses related to homes that remain in real estate inventory as of the end of the period presented. Contribution Profit provides investors a measure to assess Offerpad’s ability to generate returns on homes sold during a reporting period after considering home acquisition costs, renovation and repair costs, and adjusting for holding costs and selling costs. Contribution Profit After Interest further impacts gross profit by including interest costs (including senior and mezzanine secured credit facilities) attributable to homes sold during a reporting period. Offerpad believes these measures facilitate meaningful period over period comparisons and illustrate Offerpad’s ability to generate returns on assets sold after considering the costs directly related to the assets sold in a presented period.

Adjusted Gross Profit, Contribution Profit and Contribution Profit After Interest (and related margins) are supplemental measures of Offerpad’s operating performance and have limitations as analytical tools. For example, these measures include costs that were recorded in prior periods under GAAP and exclude, in connection with homes held in real estate inventory at the end of the period, costs required to be recorded under GAAP in the same period.

Accordingly, these measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of Offerpad’s results as reported under GAAP. Offerpad includes a reconciliation of these measures to the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, which is gross profit.


Adjusted Gross Profit / Margin

Offerpad calculates Adjusted Gross Profit as gross profit under GAAP adjusted for (1) net real estate inventory valuation adjustment plus (2) interest expense associated with homes sold in the presented period and recorded in cost of revenue. Net real estate inventory valuation adjustment is calculated by adding back the real estate inventory valuation adjustment charges recorded during the period on homes that remain in real estate inventory at period end and subtracting the real estate inventory valuation adjustment charges recorded in prior periods on homes sold in the current period. Offerpad defines Adjusted Gross Margin as Adjusted Gross Profit as a percentage of revenue.

Offerpad views this metric as an important measure of business performance, as it captures gross margin performance isolated to homes sold in a given period and provides comparability across reporting periods. Adjusted Gross Profit helps management assess performance across the key phases of processing a home (acquisitions, renovations, and resale) for a specific resale cohort.

Contribution Profit / Margin

Offerpad calculates Contribution Profit as Adjusted Gross Profit, minus (1) direct selling costs incurred on homes sold during the presented period, minus (2) holding costs incurred in the current period on homes sold during the period recorded in sales, marketing, and operating, minus (3) holding costs incurred in prior periods on homes sold in the current period recorded in sales, marketing, and operating, plus (4) other income, net which is primarily comprised of interest income earned on our cash and cash equivalents and fair value adjustments of derivative financial instruments. The composition of Offerpad’s holding costs is described in the footnotes to the reconciliation table below. Offerpad defines Contribution Margin as Contribution Profit as a percentage of revenue.

Offerpad views this metric as an important measure of business performance as it captures the unit level performance isolated to homes sold in a given period and provides comparability across reporting periods. Contribution Profit helps management assess inflows and outflow directly associated with a specific resale cohort.

Contribution Profit / Margin After Interest

Offerpad defines Contribution Profit After Interest as Contribution Profit, minus (1) interest expense associated with homes sold in the presented period and recorded in cost of revenue, minus (2) interest expense associated with homes sold in the presented period, recorded in costs of sales, and previously excluded from Adjusted Gross Profit, and minus (3) interest expense under Offerpad’s senior and mezzanine secured credit facilities and other senior secured debt incurred on homes sold during the period. This includes interest expense recorded in prior periods in which the sale occurred. Offerpad’s senior and mezzanine secured credit facilities and other senior secured debt are secured by their homes in real estate inventory and drawdowns are made on a per-home basis at the time of purchase and are required to be repaid at the time the homes are sold. Offerpad defines Contribution Margin After Interest as Contribution Profit After Interest as a percentage of revenue.

Offerpad views this metric as an important measure of business performance. Contribution Profit After Interest helps management assess Contribution Margin performance, per above, when fully burdened with costs of financing.


The following table presents a reconciliation of Offerpad’s Adjusted Gross (Loss) Profit, Contribution (Loss) Profit and Contribution (Loss) Profit After Interest to Offerpad’s Gross (Loss) Profit, which is the most directly comparable GAAP measure, and Contribution (Loss) Profit Per Home Sold and Contribution (Loss) Profit After Interest Per Home Sold to Offerpad’s Gross (Loss) Profit Per Home Sold, which is the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the periods indicated:

 

     Three Months Ended  
(in thousands, except percentages and homes sold, unaudited)    March 31, 2025     December 31, 2024     March 31, 2024  

Gross profit (GAAP)

   $ 10,507     $ 10,589       22,595  

Gross margin

     6.5     6.1     7.9

Homes sold

     460       503       847  

Gross profit per home sold

   $ 22.8     $ 21.1     $ 26.7  

Adjustments:

      

Real estate inventory valuation adjustment - current period (1)

     1,743       2,457       623  

Real estate inventory valuation adjustment - prior period (2)

     (2,211     (592     (645

Interest expense capitalized (3)

     1,422       1,315       1,669  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted gross profit

   $ 11,461     $ 13,769     $ 24,242  

Adjusted gross margin

     7.1     7.9     8.5

Adjustments:

      

Direct selling costs (4)

     (4,388     (5,011     (6,969

Holding costs on sales - current period (5)(6)

     (535     (511     (887

Holding costs on sales - prior period (5)(7)

     (690     (556     (483

Other income, net (8)

     296       476       754  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Contribution profit

   $ 6,144     $ 8,167     $ 16,657  

Contribution margin

     3.8     4.7     5.8

Homes sold

     460       503       847  

Contribution profit per home sold

   $ 13.4     $ 16.2     $ 19.7  

Adjustments:

      

Interest expense capitalized (3)

     (1,422     (1,315     (1,669

Interest expense on homes sold - current period (9)

     (1,617     (1,481     (2,521

Interest expense on homes sold - prior period (10)

     (2,883     (2,629     (2,426
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Contribution profit after interest

   $ 222     $ 2,742     $ 10,041  

Contribution margin after interest

     0.1     1.6     3.5

Homes sold

     460       503       847  

Contribution profit after interest per home sold

   $ 0.5     $ 5.5     $ 11.9  

 

(1)

Real estate inventory valuation adjustment – current period is the real estate inventory valuation adjustments recorded during the period presented associated with homes that remain in real estate inventory at period end.

 

(2)

Real estate inventory valuation adjustment – prior period is the real estate inventory valuation adjustments recorded in prior periods associated with homes that sold in the period presented.

 

(3)

Interest expense capitalized represents all interest related costs, including senior and mezzanine secured credit facilities, incurred on homes sold in the period presented that were capitalized and expensed in cost of sales at the time of sale.

 

(4)

Direct selling costs represents selling costs incurred related to homes sold in the period presented. This primarily includes broker commissions and title and escrow closing fees.


(5)

Holding costs primarily include insurance, utilities, homeowners association dues, property taxes, cleaning, and maintenance costs.

 

(6)

Represents holding costs incurred on homes sold in the period presented and expensed to Sales, marketing, and operating on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 

(7)

Represents holding costs incurred in prior periods on homes sold in the period presented and expensed to Sales, marketing, and operating on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 

(8)

Other income, net principally represents interest income earned on our cash and cash equivalents and fair value adjustments of derivative financial instruments.

 

(9)

Represents both senior and mezzanine interest expense incurred on homes sold in the period presented and expensed to interest expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 

(10)

Represents both senior and mezzanine secured credit facilities interest expense incurred in prior periods on homes sold in the period presented and expensed to interest expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA

Offerpad also presents Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA, which are non-GAAP financial measures, which the management team uses to assess Offerpad’s underlying financial performance. Offerpad believes these measures provide insight into period over period performance, adjusted for non-recurring or non-cash items.

Offerpad calculates Adjusted Net Income (Loss) as GAAP Net Income (Loss) adjusted for the change in fair value of warrant liabilities. Offerpad defines Adjusted Net Income (Loss) Margin as Adjusted Net Income (Loss) as a percentage of revenue.

Offerpad calculates Adjusted EBITDA as Adjusted Net Income (Loss) adjusted for interest expense, amortization of capitalized interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization and stock-based compensation expense. Offerpad defines Adjusted EBITDA Margin as Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue.

Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA are supplemental to Offerpad’s operating performance measures calculated in accordance with GAAP and have important limitations. For example, Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA exclude the impact of certain costs required to be recorded under GAAP and could differ substantially from similarly titled measures presented by other companies in Offerpad’s industry or companies in other industries. Accordingly, these measures should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of Offerpad’s results as reported under GAAP.


The following table presents a reconciliation of Offerpad’s Adjusted Net Income (Loss) and Adjusted EBITDA to their GAAP Net Income (Loss), which is the most directly comparable GAAP measure, for the periods indicated:

 

     Three Months Ended  
(in thousands, except percentages, unaudited)    March 31, 2025     December 31, 2024     March 31, 2024  

Net loss (GAAP)

   $ (15,057   $ (17,325   $ (17,515

Net loss margin

     (9.4 %)      (9.9 %)      (6.1 %) 

Change in fair value of warrant liabilities

     257       109       (344
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted net loss

   $ (14,800   $ (17,216   $ (17,859

Adjusted net loss margin

     (9.2 %)      (9.9 %)      (6.3 %) 

Adjustments:

      

Interest expense

     3,522       4,084       4,905  

Amortization of capitalized interest (1)

     1,422       1,315       1,669  

Income tax (benefit) expense

     37       (62     123  

Depreciation and amortization

     206       147       166  

Amortization of stock-based compensation

     1,782       249       3,867  
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Adjusted EBITDA

   $ (7,831   $ (11,483   $ (7,129

Adjusted EBITDA margin

     (4.9 %)      (6.6 %)      (2.5 %) 

 

(1)

Amortization of capitalized interest represents all interest related costs, including senior and mezzanine secured interest related costs, incurred on homes sold in the period presented that were capitalized and expensed in cost of sales at the time of sale.