EX-96.4 192 ex964.htm EX-96.4 ex964
ex964p1i0
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
 
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
 
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
 
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania,
 
USA
February 2024
Prepared for:
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
100 Bill Baker Way
Beckley, West
 
Virginia 25801
Prepared by:
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
582 Industrial Park Road
Bluefield, Virginia
 
24605
www.mma1.com
 
 
ex964p2i0
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
1
Statement of Use and Preparation
This Technical
 
Report Summary (TRS) was prepared by
Marshall Miller & Associates, Inc. (MM&A)
for
 
the
 
sole
 
use
 
of
Coronado
 
Global
 
Resources
 
Inc.
 
(Coronado)
 
and
 
its
 
affiliated
 
and
 
subsidiary
companies and advisors.
 
Copies or
 
references to information in this
 
report may not
 
be used
 
without
the written permission of Coronado.
This report provides a
 
statement of coal resources and
 
coal reserves for Coronado, as
 
defined under
the
Australasian Code
 
for Reporting
 
of Exploration Results,
 
Mineral Resources
 
and Ore Reserves
(JORC Code)
 
as well as under Subpart 1300 of Regulation S-K (Regulation S-K 1300) promulgated by
the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
 
Subject to the comments below,
 
this
report
 
was
 
also
 
prepared
 
in
 
accordance
 
with
 
the
Australasian
 
Code
 
for
 
Public
 
Reporting
 
of
Technical
 
Assessments and Valuations of Mineral Assets (VALMIN
 
Code).
 
The statement is based on
 
information provided by Coronado and reviewed by
 
Qualified Persons
(QPs) who are full-time employees of MM&A.
As noted above, this report is a “Public Report” for the purposes of the VALMIN Code.
 
However,
 
in
accordance with paragraph 12.1 of the VALMIN Code, it is noted that this report is not a “Valuation
of
 
Mineral
 
Assets
”,
and
 
it
 
also
 
does
 
not
 
comply
 
with
 
the
 
following
 
requirements
 
that
 
apply
 
to
“Technical Assessments” (as defined in the VALMIN
 
Code):
This report does
 
not include a determination
 
of the status
 
of tenure (as
 
required by paragraph
 
7.2
of the VALMIN Code)
 
on the
 
basis that tenure
 
was separately reviewed by
 
Coronado’s legal advisors.
This
 
report
 
does
 
not
 
include
 
separate
 
commentary
 
on
 
the
 
reasonableness
 
and
 
quality
 
of
 
the
Resources and Reserves estimates
 
and the basis on which they have been reported (as required
 
by
paragraph
 
7.3
 
of
 
the
 
VALMIN
 
Code).
 
MM&A
 
did
 
not
 
consider
 
that
 
this
 
was
 
appropriate
 
in
circumstances
 
where MM&A
 
was engaged
 
for
 
the specific
 
purpose of
 
preparing
 
those estimates.
 
However,
 
MM&A
 
notes
 
that,
 
in
 
accordance
 
with
 
its
 
usual
 
practice,
 
a
 
separate
 
team
 
of
 
MM&A
employees undertook a peer review of this report and confirmed that both
 
the process followed by
the
 
authors
 
of
 
this
 
report
 
and
 
the
 
estimates
 
prepared
 
were
 
reasonable
 
and
 
comply
 
with
 
the
requirements of the JORC Code.
 
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
2
The information in this TRS
 
related to coal resources and reserves is
 
based on, and fairly
 
represents,
information compiled by the QPs.
 
At the time of
 
reporting, MM&A’s QPs have sufficient experience
relevant
 
to the
 
style of
 
mineralization
 
and type
 
of deposit
 
under consideration
 
and to
 
the activity
they are undertaking to qualify as a QP as defined by Regulation S-K 1300 and the JORC Code.
 
Each
QP consents
 
to the
 
inclusion in
 
this report
 
of the
 
matters
 
based on
 
their information
 
in the
 
form
and context in which it appears.
Marshall
 
Miller
 
&
 
Associates,
 
Inc.
 
(MM&A)
 
hereby
 
consents
 
to
 
the
 
use
 
of
 
the
 
information
contained in this report
 
dated December 31, 2023, relating
 
to estimates of
 
coal resources and coal
reserves controlled by Coronado.
Qualified Person:
/s/ Marshall Miller & Associates, Inc.
Date:
February 16, 2024
 
 
ex964p2i0
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
i
Table
 
of Contents
 
 
ex964p2i0
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
ii
 
 
ex964p2i0
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
iii
 
 
ex964p2i0
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
iv
Figures (in Report)
Tables
 
(in Report)
 
 
ex964p2i0
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
v
Appendices
A...............................................................................................................................MM&A
Qualifications
B.........................................................................................................................................................M
aps
C.....................................................................................................................................Glossary
 
of
Terms
D.............................................................................................................................................JORC
Table 1
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
1
1
 
Executive Summary
1.1
 
Property Description
Coronado Global Resources
 
Inc. (Coronado)
 
authorized
Marshall Miller &
 
Associates, Inc. (MM&A)
to prepare this Technical Report Summary (TRS) of its
 
controlled coal resources and reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex in southwestern
 
Pennsylvania (Mon Valley
 
or the Property).
 
This TRS updates
the TRS titled,
 
“Coronado Global Resources
 
Inc. Statement
 
of Coal Resources
 
and Reserves for
 
the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings in Accordance with the JORC Code and United States
SEC Regulation
 
S-K 1300
 
as of
 
December 31, 2022
 
Northern Appalachian
 
Coal Basin
 
Pennsylvania,
USA
 
February
 
2023”
 
dated
 
February 15,
 
2023,
 
due
 
to
 
material
 
differences
 
in
 
the
 
key
 
financial
modifying
 
factors
 
including
 
coal
 
sales
 
price
 
assumptions,
 
operating
 
costs
 
and
 
capital
 
costs
 
from
December 31, 2022 to
 
December 31, 2023.
 
Coal sales price assumptions
 
are discussed in
 
Sections
12 and 16 of the TRS, while operating costs and capital
 
costs are discussed in Sections 18 and 19 of
the
 
TRS.
 
The
 
report
 
provides
 
a
 
statement
 
of
 
coal
 
resources
 
and
 
coal
 
reserves
 
for
 
Coronado,
 
as
defined under
the Australasian Code for Reporting of Exploration
 
Results, Mineral Resources and
Ore Reserves
 
(JORC Code)
 
as well
 
as under
 
Subpart 1300
 
of Regulation
 
S-K (Regulation
 
S-K 1300)
promulgated by the
United States Securities and Exchange Commission
 
(SEC).
 
This report was also
prepared in accordance with the
Australasian Code for Public Reporting of Technical
 
Assessments
and Valuations of Mineral Assets (VALMIN
 
Code).
The Mon
 
Valley
 
property is
 
comprised of
 
three separate
 
reserve holdings,
 
namely,
 
the Pangburn,
Shaner
 
and
 
Fallowfield
 
proposed
 
underground
 
mines
 
in
 
the
 
Upper
 
Freeport
 
seam.
 
All
 
three
respective
 
reserve
 
areas
 
are
 
greenfield
 
sites
 
and
 
are
 
undeveloped.
 
The
 
three
 
mines
 
have
 
been
projected
 
to
 
operate
 
independently,
 
with
 
production
 
initially
 
beginning
 
at
 
Pangburn.
 
Shaner
 
is
projected
 
to
 
come
 
online
 
as
 
replacement
 
production
 
for
 
Pangburn,
 
and
 
Fallowfield
 
represents
expanded Mon Valley
 
production after Pangburn
 
is in full production.
 
In addition to the individual
mine/plant sites,
 
a barge
 
loading dock on
 
the Monongahela
 
River adjacent to
 
the Pangburn
 
site is
proposed and will
 
be used to
 
ship clean coal
 
for all three
 
mines.
 
Each mine site
 
will include a
 
coal
preparation plant and all necessary surface facilities.
Coal
 
resources
 
and
 
coal
 
reserves
 
are
 
herein
 
reported
 
in
 
metric
 
units
 
of
 
measurement
 
and
 
are
rounded to millions of metric tonnes (Mt).
 
The Mon
 
Valley
 
properties are
 
located approximately
 
16 kilometers
 
to 32
 
kilometers southeast
 
of
Pittsburgh,
 
Pennsylvania
 
(see
Figure 1-1
).
 
The property
 
is composed
 
of 41,615
 
total
 
hectares,
 
of
which 1,339 are leased from private landholders under two leases, and 40,276 hectares
 
are owned
by
 
Coronado.
 
Subject to
 
Coronado’s
 
exercising
 
its
 
renewal
 
rights thereunder,
 
both
 
of the
 
leases
expire
 
upon exhaustion of the relevant coal reserves, which is expected
 
to occur in 2101.
 
 
ex964p2i0 ex964p10i1
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
2
Figure 1-1:
 
Mon Valley Complex Property Location Map
1.2
 
Ownership
Mineral rights for the Property were formerly controlled by Consolidation Coal
 
Company (CONSOL).
 
Coronado acquired the Mon Valley
 
properties from CONSOL in March 2016.
1.3
 
Geology
There are currently no active operations in
 
the Mon Valley complex.
 
Strata of economic interest for
this TRS are of the Pennsylvanian-age Allegheny Formation, and the subject
 
Upper Freeport seam is
the
 
principal
 
coal
 
seam
 
of
 
interest
 
for
 
Coronado.
 
The
 
Upper
 
Freeport
 
seam
 
has
 
been
 
mined
extensively in the region.
 
The seam is situated below drainage throughout the Property and will be
accessed by constructed mine shafts and slopes.
1.4
 
Exploration Status
The
 
Property
 
has
 
been
 
explored
 
extensively,
 
largely
 
by
 
drilling
 
using
 
continuous
 
coring
 
method,
rotary
 
drilling, and
 
by downhole
 
geophysical
 
methods.
 
The majority
 
of the
 
data
 
was
 
acquired
 
or
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
3
generated
 
by previous
 
owners of
 
the Property.
 
These sources
 
comprise the
 
primary data
 
used in
the evaluation of the coal resources
 
and coal reserves on the Property.
 
MM&A examined the data
available
 
for the
 
evaluation
 
and incorporated
 
all pertinent
 
information
 
into this
 
TRS.
 
Where data
appeared
 
to be
 
anomalous or
 
not representative,
 
that information
 
was excluded
 
from the
 
digital
databases and subsequent processing by MM&A.
 
Ongoing exploration has been carried out by Coronado since acquiring the Mon Valley
 
properties.
 
1.5
 
Operations and Development
Coronado
 
currently has
 
no active
 
operations
 
in the
 
Mon Valley
 
complex.
 
The mines
 
will produce
coal that is suitable for the high-volatile metallurgical
 
coal markets.
The
 
preliminary
 
design
 
for
 
the
 
Pangburn
 
mine
 
surface
 
facilities
 
was
 
provided
 
by
 
Coronado.
 
The
facilities
 
include
 
offices,
 
warehouses,
 
shops,
 
a
 
bathhouse
 
for
 
personnel,
 
a
 
preparation
 
plant
 
to
process run-of-mine (ROM) coal, a refuse area with a designed capacity of
 
approximately 35 million
refuse
 
tonnes,
 
raw
 
coal
 
storage
 
at
 
the
 
plant
 
totaling
 
approximately
 
100,000
 
tonnes,
 
clean
 
coal
storage
 
at the
 
plant site
 
of approximately
 
54,000 tonnes,
 
and three
 
clean coal
 
stockpiles adjacent
to the
 
dock loading facility
 
on the Monongahela
 
River.
 
The three
 
river stockpiles
 
have a
 
designed
capacity of
 
approximately
 
266,000 tonnes.
 
Processes are
 
expected
 
to be
 
typical of
 
those used
 
at
operating
 
coal-processing plants
 
and the
 
coal industry
 
in general.
 
The river
 
dock is
 
anticipated
 
to
also
 
support
 
production
 
from
 
the
 
planned
 
Fallowfield
 
and
 
Shaner
 
operations.
 
Room-and-pillar
mining will be employed at these properties.
1.6
 
Mineral Resource
Mineral
 
resources,
 
representing
 
in-situ
 
coal
 
from
 
a
 
portion
 
of
 
which
 
reserves
 
are
 
derived,
 
are
presented
 
below.
 
A
 
coal
 
resource
 
estimate,
 
summarized
 
in
 
Table
 
1-1,
 
was
 
prepared
 
as
 
of
December 31, 2023, for property controlled by Coronado.
Table 1-1:
 
Coal Resources Summary as of December 31, 2023
 
Coal Resource (Dry Tonnes, In Situ, Mt)
Resource Quality (Dry)
Area
Measured
Indicated
Inferred
Total
Ash%
Sulfur%
VM%
Inclusive of Reserves
291.0
213.5
9.3
513.8
31
1.4
26
Exclusive of Reserve
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total 12/31/2023
291.0
213.5
9.3
513.8
Note:
 
Resource tonnes are inclusive of reserve tonnes since they include the in-situ tonnes from which recoverable coal reserves are derived.
Note 2:
 
Coal resources are reported on a dry basis.
 
Surface moisture and inherent moisture are excluded.
Note 3: The Mon Valley properties do not have any resource tonnes exclusive of reserves as of December 31, 2023.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
4
1.7
 
Mineral Reserve
Reserve tonnage
 
estimates provided
 
herein report
 
coal reserves
 
derived from
 
the in-situ resource
tonnes
 
presented
 
in
 
Table
 
1-1,
 
and
 
not
 
in
 
addition
 
to
 
coal
 
resources.
 
Proven
 
and
 
probable
 
coal
reserves
 
were
 
derived
 
from
 
the
 
defined
 
coal
 
resource
 
considering
 
relevant
 
mining,
 
processing,
infrastructure,
 
economic
 
(including
 
estimates
 
of
 
capital,
 
revenue,
 
and
 
cost),
 
marketing,
 
legal,
environmental, socioeconomic and regulatory factors.
 
The Resource estimate has been used as
 
the
basis for this Reserve calculation, which utilizes
 
a reasonable Preliminary Feasibility Study,
 
a Life-of
Mine (LOM) Mine Plan and practical recovery factors.
 
Production modeling was completed with an
effective start date
 
of May 1, 2033.
 
Factors
 
that
 
would
 
typically
 
preclude
 
conversion
 
of
 
a
 
coal
 
resource
 
to
 
coal
 
reserve
 
include
 
the
following:
 
inferred
 
resource
 
classification;
 
absence
 
of
 
coal
 
quality;
 
poor
 
mine
 
recovery;
 
lack
 
of
access; geological
 
encumbrances
 
associated
 
with
 
overlying
 
and underlying
 
strata;
 
seam thinning;
structural
 
complication;
 
and
 
insufficient
 
exploration
 
have
 
all
 
been
 
considered.
 
Reserve
consideration
 
excludes
 
those
 
portions
 
of
 
the
 
resource
 
area
 
which
 
exhibit
 
the
 
aforementioned
geological and operational encumbrances.
 
Table 1-2:
 
Coal Summary (ROM Basis (Moist)) as of December 31, 2023 (Mt)
Demonstrated Coal Reserves (Mt, Moist ROM)
Quality (Dry)
By Reliability Category
By Mining Type
By Control Type
Area / Mine
Proved
Probable
Total
Surface
UG
Owned
Leased
Ash
Sulfur
Vol
Mon Valley
113.9
83.2
197.1
0.0
197.1
195.7
1.4
37
1.4
23
Coal reserves are presented
 
on a ROM basis in
 
Table
 
1-2.
 
Proven and probable
 
coal reserves were
derived from the defined in-situ coal resource considering relevant processing, economic (including
technical estimates of capital,
 
revenue, and cost), marketing, legal,
 
environmental, socioeconomic,
and
 
regulatory
 
factors.
 
The
 
proven
 
and
 
probable
 
coal
 
reserves
 
on the
 
Property
 
are
 
summarized
below in Table 1-3.
Table 1-3:
 
Coal Reserves Summary (Marketable Sales Basis) as of December 31, 2023 (Mt)
 
Demonstrated Coal Reserves (Wet Ton
 
nes, Washed or Direct Shipped, Mt)
Quality (Dry Basis)
 
By Reliability Category
By Mining Type
By Control Type
Property
Proven
Probable
Total
Surface
UG
Owned
Leased
Ash%
Sulfur%
VM%
Mon Valley
77.8
56.6
134.4
0.0
134.4
133.4
1.0
8
1.4
35
Note: Marketable
 
reserve tonnes
 
are reported
 
on a
 
moist basis,
 
including a
 
combination of
 
surface and
 
inherent moisture.
 
The combination
 
of
surface and inherent moisture
 
is modeled at 6-percent.
 
Actual product moisture is
 
dependent upon multiple geological factors,
 
operational
factors, and product contract specifications and can exceed 8-percent.
 
As such, the modeled moisture values provide a level of conservatism
for reserve reporting.
 
Life-of-mine sulfur for Pangburn is an estimated 1.21%; however, overall Mon Valley
 
Complex reserve average is 1.36%
sulfur.
In summary, Coronado controls a total of 134.4
 
Mt (moist basis) of
 
marketable coal reserves at Mon
Valley,
 
as of December 31, 2023.
 
Of that total, 58 percent are
 
proven, and 42 percent are probable.
 
There are 133.4 Mt
 
of owned coal reserves
 
and 1.0 Mt
 
of leased coal reserves.
 
All of the
 
Mon Valley
reserves are
 
considered suitable
 
for the
 
metallurgical coal
 
market.
 
All of the
 
Mon Valley
 
reserves
are unassigned.
 
 
ex964p2i0 ex964p13i1
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
5
1.8
 
Capital Summary
The
 
MM&A
 
financial
 
model
 
includes
 
provisions
 
for
 
operating
 
equipment
 
at
 
the
 
proposed
 
Mon
Valley operations.
 
MM&A’s capital schedules assume that major
 
equipment rebuilds occur
 
over the
course
 
of
 
each
 
machine’s
 
remaining
 
assumed
 
operating
 
life.
 
Replacement
 
equipment
 
was
scheduled
 
based
 
on
 
MM&A’s
 
experience
 
and
 
knowledge
 
of
 
mining
 
equipment
 
and
 
industry
standards with respect to the useful life of
 
such equipment.
 
A summary of
 
the estimated capital for
the Property is provided in
Figure 1-2 below
.
Figure 1-2:
 
CAPEX
1.9
 
Operating Costs
MM&A used the Coronado historical and/or budget cost information
 
for comparable operations as
a reference
 
and developed
 
personnel
 
schedules for
 
the mine
 
and support
 
facilities.
 
Hourly labor
rates
 
and
 
salaries
 
were
 
based
 
upon
 
information
 
contained
 
in
 
Coronado’s
 
financial
 
summaries.
 
Fringe
 
benefit
 
costs
 
were
 
developed
 
for
 
vacation
 
and
 
holidays,
 
federal
 
and
 
state
 
unemployment
insurance,
 
retirement,
 
workers’
 
compensation
 
and
 
pneumoconiosis,
 
casualty
 
and
 
life
 
insurance,
healthcare, and bonuses.
 
A cost factor
 
for mine supplies
 
was developed that
 
relates expenditures
to
 
mine advance
 
rates
 
for
 
roof
 
control
 
costs
 
and other
 
mine supply
 
costs
 
at underground
 
mines.
 
Other
 
factors
 
were
 
developed
 
for
 
maintenance
 
and
 
repair
 
costs,
 
rentals,
 
mine
 
power,
 
outside
services and other direct mining costs.
 
Operating-cost
 
factors
 
were
 
also
 
developed
 
for
 
the
 
coal
 
preparation
 
plant
 
processing,
 
refuse
handling, coal loading, property taxes,
 
and insurance and bonding.
 
Appropriate royalty
 
rates were
assigned for production from leased coal lands and sales taxes were calculated for the federal black
lung excise tax, and federal
 
reclamation fees.
A summary of the projected operating costs for the Property
 
is provided in
Figure 1-3
.
 
 
ex964p2i0 ex964p14i1
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
6
Figure 1-3:
 
OPEX
1.10
 
Economic Evaluation
The pre-feasibility financial
 
model prepared for
 
this TRS
 
was developed to
 
test the
 
economic viability
of
 
each
 
coal
 
resource
 
area.
 
The
 
results
 
of
 
this
 
financial
 
model
 
are
 
not
 
intended
 
to
 
represent
 
a
bankable
 
feasibility
 
study,
 
required
 
for
 
financing
 
of
 
any
 
current
 
or
 
future
 
mining
 
operations
contemplated
 
for the Coronado
 
properties, but are
 
intended to establish
 
the economic viability
 
of
the estimated coal reserves.
 
Cash flows are simulated on an annual basis in
 
year-end 2023 nominal
dollars
 
assuming
 
a
 
2%
 
inflation
 
rate
 
based
 
on
 
projected
 
production
 
from
 
the
 
coal
 
reserves.
 
The
discounted cash flow analysis presented herein
 
is based on an effective date of January 1, 2024.
 
On an un-levered basis, the net
 
present value (NPV) of the project
 
cash flow after taxes
 
represents
the Enterprise
 
Value of
 
the project.
 
The project cash
 
flow,
 
excluding debt
 
service, is calculated
 
by
subtracting direct
 
and indirect
 
operating expenses
 
and capital
 
expenditures from
 
revenue.
 
Direct
costs
 
include
 
labor,
 
operating
 
supplies,
 
maintenance
 
and
 
repairs,
 
facilities
 
costs
 
for
 
materials
handling,
 
coal
 
preparation,
 
refuse
 
disposal,
 
coal
 
loading,
 
reclamation
 
and
 
general
 
and
administrative costs.
 
Indirect costs include statutory and legally agreed
 
upon fees related to direct
extraction
 
of
 
the
 
mineral.
 
The
 
indirect
 
costs
 
are
 
the
 
Federal
 
black
 
lung
 
tax,
 
Federal
 
reclamation
taxes, property taxes,
 
coal production royalties, and income taxes.
Table
 
1-4
 
shows LOM tonnage, profit
 
& loss (P&L), and earnings before income
 
tax, depreciation &
amortization
(EBITDA)
 
for each proposed Coronado mine at Mon Valley
 
.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
7
Table 1-4:
 
Life-of-Mine Tonnage,
 
P&L before Tax,
 
and EBITDA ($000)
LOM
LOM
P&L
LOM
EBITDA
Tonnes*
Pre-Tax P&L
Per Tonne
EBITDA
Per Tonne
Pangburn
 
14,376
 
 
$1,375,780
 
 
$95.70
 
 
$1,987,175
 
 
$138.23
 
Fallowfield
 
72,640
 
 
$18,671,106
 
 
$257.04
 
 
$21,133,469
 
 
$290.93
 
Shaner
 
48,294
 
 
$7,602,034
 
 
$157.41
 
 
$8,739,568
 
 
$180.97
 
Consolidated PA Deep Mines
 
135,309
 
 
$27,648,920
 
 
$204.34
 
 
$31,860,212
 
 
$235.46
 
Note:
 
*Financial model includes 0.9 million tonnes of inferred coal production.
 
Inferred coal represents 0.6% of the total production, and none of
this coal was included in the estimate of reserves.
As
 
shown
 
in
Table
 
1-4
,
 
all
 
of
 
the
 
mines
 
analyzed
 
show
 
positive
 
EBITDA
 
over
 
the
 
LOM.
 
Overall,
Coronado’s
 
consolidated operations
 
show positive
 
LOM P&L
 
and LOM
 
EBITDA of
 
$27.6 billion and
$31.9 billion, respectively.
Coronado’s consolidated
 
Mon Valley cash flow summary in nominal dollars assuming a 2% inflation
rate, excluding debt
 
service, is shown in
Table 1-5
 
below.
Table 1-5:
 
Project Cash Flow Summary (000)*
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
Total
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
Production & Sales tonnes
135,311
-
-
-
-
-
Total Revenue
$53,543,217
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
EBITDA
$22,878,217
$(388)
$(388)
$(388)
$(388)
$(388)
Net Income
$11,796,769
$(388)
$(388)
$(388)
$(388)
$(388)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$15,418,952
$(388)
$(388)
$(388)
$(388)
$(328)
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(3,886,154)
$-
$(5,556)
$(32,461)
$(38,382)
$(230,691)
Net Cash Flow
$11,532,798
$(388)
$(5,944)
$(32,849)
$(38,770)
$(231,019)
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
Production & Sales tonnes
399
1,810
1,875
1,958
2,029
2,030
Total Revenue
$78,296
$362,106
$382,594
$407,547
$430,792
$439,609
EBITDA
$46,091
$230,681
$245,301
$265,119
$283,202
$289,071
Net Income
$(34,286)
$140,882
$121,310
$131,898
$147,171
$160,015
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$37,454
$188,509
$200,525
$213,069
$227,279
$239,643
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(220,159)
$(5,973)
$(1,492)
$(23,825)
$(21,154)
$(220,098)
Net Cash Flow
$(182,704)
$182,535
$199,033
$189,243
$206,125
$19,544
 
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
8
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
Production & Sales tonnes
2,062
1,960
1,762
2,366
1,804
1,724
Total Revenue
$455,388
$441,481
$405,009
$554,640
$431,343
$420,513
EBITDA
$299,233
$282,680
$246,717
$355,857
$259,717
$249,422
Net Income
$148,359
$159,358
$124,218
$201,201
$155,408
$140,412
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$252,685
$239,821
$209,856
$264,281
$200,448
$197,055
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(198,968)
$(17,709)
$(15,403)
$(21,709)
$(9,653)
$(15,904)
Net Cash Flow
$53,717
$222,112
$194,453
$242,571
$190,795
$181,152
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
Production & Sales tonnes
1,717
1,641
1,719
1,657
1,582
1,704
Total Revenue
$427,051
$416,456
$444,946
$437,356
$426,059
$468,115
EBITDA
$252,966
$242,678
$263,719
$255,907
$244,963
$276,975
Net Income
$154,860
$163,403
$176,959
$170,156
$161,907
$181,850
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$201,354
$194,705
$200,387
$200,909
$193,250
$210,580
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(105,936)
$(32,944)
$(3,311)
$(5,576)
$(21,182)
$(43,937)
Net Cash Flow
$95,418
$161,760
$197,075
$195,333
$172,067
$166,643
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
Production & Sales tonnes
1,656
1,732
1,702
1,596
1,642
1,750
Total Revenue
$463,895
$494,756
$495,913
$474,451
$497,980
$541,261
EBITDA
$271,431
$294,451
$293,461
$274,133
$291,105
$323,591
Net Income
$177,355
$206,754
$205,313
$186,501
$196,906
$224,271
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$214,333
$224,264
$225,466
$215,317
$222,950
$245,045
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(26,060)
$(4,135)
$(20,511)
$(39,988)
$(30,028)
$(36,861)
Net Cash Flow
$188,273
$220,129
$204,955
$175,329
$192,922
$208,184
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
Production & Sales tonnes
1,751
2,609
3,582
3,732
3,839
3,762
Total Revenue
$552,393
$839,589
$1,175,652
$1,249,528
$1,310,820
$1,310,433
EBITDA
$330,405
$494,167
$701,904
$754,323
$798,832
$793,460
Net Income
$249,858
$295,564
$442,235
$473,877
$508,672
$492,348
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$270,454
$378,130
$521,997
$586,273
$620,328
$627,936
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(538,808)
$(89,843)
$(36,104)
$(44,278)
$(21,847)
$(132,543)
Net Cash Flow
$(268,354)
$288,286
$485,893
$541,995
$598,481
$495,393
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
Production & Sales tonnes
3,494
3,390
3,460
3,398
2,967
2,826
Total Revenue
$1,241,303
$1,228,573
$1,278,870
$1,280,972
$1,141,063
$1,108,535
EBITDA
$732,113
$720,210
$757,835
$754,462
$680,158
$663,742
Net Income
$446,588
$500,822
$521,333
$515,526
$450,699
$434,909
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$595,943
$568,873
$577,763
$583,053
$543,306
$522,205
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(60,459)
$(26,978)
$(66,446)
$(58,982)
$(120,137)
$(56,340)
Net Cash Flow
$535,484
$541,895
$511,317
$524,071
$423,169
$465,865
 
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
9
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
Production & Sales tonnes
2,472
2,318
2,178
1,496
2,041
1,993
Total Revenue
$988,943
$946,112
$906,727
$635,345
$883,982
$880,465
EBITDA
$594,651
$554,448
$531,931
$346,940
$538,047
$535,996
Net Income
$384,720
$356,548
$335,438
$231,328
$359,458
$366,134
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$480,465
$443,994
$423,083
$260,436
$368,430
$408,513
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(118,056)
$(37,796)
$(41,704)
$(27,793)
$(47,154)
$(29,787)
Net Cash Flow
$362,409
$406,198
$381,378
$232,643
$321,276
$378,726
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
Production & Sales tonnes
1,822
2,098
2,055
2,107
1,883
2,129
Total Revenue
$820,772
$874,560
$874,031
$913,861
$833,007
$960,656
EBITDA
$488,892
$527,243
$524,666
$555,561
$491,518
$587,784
Net Income
$332,175
$373,438
$366,231
$382,757
$335,406
$410,847
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$382,976
$392,261
$399,542
$415,100
$383,380
$424,802
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(3,295)
$(3,360)
$(41,878)
$(73,655)
$(15,800)
$(6,365)
Net Cash Flow
$379,682
$388,901
$357,664
$341,445
$367,580
$418,437
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
Production & Sales tonnes
1,937
1,723
2,242
1,568
2,285
1,637
Total Revenue
$891,498
$809,214
$1,073,587
$766,070
$1,138,488
$832,210
EBITDA
$531,568
$460,863
$663,473
$428,042
$708,813
$464,168
Net Income
$368,045
$304,770
$448,699
$277,710
$492,938
$308,597
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$409,096
$358,874
$460,364
$364,186
$480,016
$392,806
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(25,353)
$(73,457)
$(43,005)
$(12,687)
$(19,996)
$(33,624)
Net Cash Flow
$383,743
$285,417
$417,359
$351,499
$460,019
$359,182
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
Production & Sales tonnes
1,982
1,477
1,857
1,616
1,993
1,305
Total Revenue
$1,027,701
$781,052
$1,001,339
$888,873
$1,118,529
$747,144
EBITDA
$612,327
$424,413
$581,701
$495,500
$667,329
$373,435
Net Income
$412,609
$267,442
$390,044
$326,813
$454,337
$232,648
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$432,632
$353,475
$408,375
$388,300
$469,549
$335,144
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(41,648)
$(60,042)
$(27,048)
$(31,038)
$(4,523)
$(40,242)
Net Cash Flow
$390,984
$293,433
$381,327
$357,262
$465,027
$294,902
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
Production & Sales tonnes
1,637
1,612
1,747
1,355
1,731
1,752
Total Revenue
$955,700
$959,852
$1,060,820
$839,478
$1,093,737
$1,129,433
EBITDA
$536,078
$531,972
$608,559
$412,363
$623,984
$652,244
Net Income
$344,367
$335,321
$398,419
$255,237
$407,178
$415,344
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$374,267
$401,019
$443,538
$347,072
$431,542
$484,871
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(85,557)
$(75,058)
$(4,895)
$(4,993)
$(48,993)
$(79,742)
Net Cash Flow
$288,710
$325,960
$438,643
$342,078
$382,550
$405,129
 
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
10
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
Production & Sales tonnes
1,407
896
393
-
-
-
Total Revenue
$925,181
$600,980
$268,578
$-
$-
$-
EBITDA
$493,808
$312,584
$135,457
$-
$-
$-
Net Income
$335,906
$195,168
$94,312
$-
$-
$-
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$310,205
$239,384
$(26,022)
$-
$-
$-
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(17,075)
$(5,405)
$(2,757)
$-
$-
$-
Net Cash Flow
$293,130
$233,979
$(28,778)
$-
$-
$-
Financial model includes 0.9 million tonnes of inferred coal production.
 
Inferred coal represents 0.6% of the total production, and none of this
coal was included in the estimate of reserves.
Consolidated cash flows are driven by annual sales
 
tonnage, which grows from 0.4 million tonnes in
2033
 
to
 
a
 
peak
 
of
 
3.8 million
 
tonnes
 
in
 
2061.
 
Between
 
years
 
2062
 
and
 
2091,
 
sales
 
range
 
from
1.5 million to 2.7 million tonnes and between years 2092-2101, sales range from 0.4 million tonnes
to 1.3 million
 
tonnes.
 
Projected consolidated
 
revenue grows
 
from $78.3 million
 
in 2033 to
 
a peak
of $1.3 billion in 2061.
 
Revenue totals $53.5 billion for the project’s
 
life.
Consolidated cash flow from operations is positive throughout the projected operating period, with
the
 
exception
 
of post
 
-production
 
years,
 
due to
 
end-of-mine
 
reclamation
 
spending.
 
Consolidated
cash flow from operations peaks at $627.9 million in 2062
 
and totals $15.4 billion over the project’s
life.
 
Capital
 
expenditures
 
total
 
$527.3 million during
 
the
 
first
 
five
 
years
 
and
 
$3.9 billion over
 
the
project’s life.
 
1.10.1
 
Discounted Cash Flow Analysis
Cash flow after
 
tax, but before
 
debt service, generated
 
over the life
 
of the project
 
was discounted
to NPV
 
at a 10.0%
 
discount rate,
 
which represents
 
Coronado’s
 
estimate of
 
the nominal dollar,
 
risk
adjusted
 
weighted
 
average
 
cost
 
of
 
capital
 
(WACC)
 
for
 
likely
 
market
 
participants
 
if
 
the
 
subject
reserves were offered for sale.
 
On an un-levered basis,
 
the NPV of
 
the project cash
 
flows represents
the
 
Enterprise
 
Value
 
of
 
the
 
project
 
and
 
amounts
 
to
 
$563.4 million.
 
The
 
pre-feasibility
 
financial
model prepared for the
 
TRS was developed to
 
test the economic
 
viability of
 
each coal resource area.
 
The
 
NPV
 
estimate
 
was
 
made
 
for
 
purposes
 
of
 
confirming
 
the
 
economics
 
for
 
classification
 
of
 
coal
reserves and
 
not for
 
purposes of valuing
 
Coronado or
 
its Mon Valley
 
assets.
 
Mine plans were
 
not
optimized,
 
and
 
actual
 
results
 
of
 
the
 
operations
 
may
 
be
 
different,
 
but
 
in
 
all
 
cases,
 
the
 
mine
production plan assumes the properties are under competent management.
1.10.2
 
Sensitivity Analysis
Sensitivity
 
of the
 
NPV
 
results
 
to
 
changes
 
in
 
the
 
key
 
drivers
 
is presented
 
in the
 
chart below.
 
The
sensitivity study shows
 
the NPV at
 
the 10.0% discount rate
 
when Base Case sales
 
prices, operating
costs, and capital costs are increased and decreased in increments
 
of 5% within a +/- 15% range.
 
 
ex964p2i0 ex964p19i1
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
11
Figure 1-4:
 
Sensitivity of NPV
As shown, NPV is quite sensitive to changes in sales price and operating cost estimates, and slightly
sensitive to changes in capital cost estimates.
1.11
 
Permitting
Due
 
to
 
the
 
projected
 
start-up
 
date
 
of
 
the
 
Mon
 
Valley
 
mines,
 
initial-stage
 
permit
 
work
 
has
 
been
completed
 
to date;
 
however,
 
no permit
 
applications have
 
been submitted
 
to the
 
state
 
or federal
regulatory agencies.
 
The proposed mines are
 
located in an area with
 
a long history of coal mining,
with
 
numerous
 
permitted
 
operations
 
in
 
close
 
proximity.
 
Coal
 
mining
 
permits
 
are
 
routinely
obtained; a
 
2 to
 
3-year lead
 
time is
 
recommended.
 
Estimated
 
expenditures for
 
mine closure
 
and
site reclamation are included in the financial model for each mine or plant site.
 
MM&A is unaware
of any obvious or
 
current Coronado permitting
 
issues that are expected
 
to prevent the
 
issuance of
future permits.
 
All coal producers are subject to a level of uncertainty regarding future clean water
permits
 
due
 
to
 
United
 
States
 
Environmental
 
Protection
 
Agency
 
(EPA)
 
and
 
United
 
States
 
Fish
 
and
Wildlife (USFW) involvement with state
 
programs.
1.12
 
Conclusion and Recommendations
Sufficient
 
data
 
has
 
been
 
obtained
 
through
 
various
 
exploration,
 
sampling
 
programs,
 
and
 
mining
operations
 
to
 
support
 
the
 
geological
 
interpretations
 
of
 
seam
 
structure
 
and
 
thickness
 
for
 
coal
horizons situated
 
on the Property.
 
The data are
 
of sufficient
 
quantity and reliability
 
to reasonably
support the coal-resource and coal-reserve estimates
 
in this TRS.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
12
The
 
geological
 
data
 
and
 
preliminary
 
feasibility
 
study,
 
which
 
consider
 
mining
 
plans,
 
revenue,
 
and
operating-
 
and
 
capital-cost
 
estimates
 
are
 
sufficient
 
to
 
support
 
the
 
classification
 
of
 
coal
 
reserves
provided herein.
This geologic
 
evaluation conducted
 
in conjunction
 
with the
 
preliminary feasibility
 
study concludes
that
 
the
 
134.4
 
Mt
 
of
 
marketable
 
underground
 
coal
 
reserves
 
identified
 
on
 
the
 
Property
 
are
economically
 
mineable
 
under
 
reasonable
 
expectations
 
of
 
market
 
prices
 
for
 
metallurgical
 
coal
products, estimated operation costs,
 
and capital expenditures.
2
 
Introduction
2.1
 
Registrant and Terms
 
of Reference
This report
 
was
 
prepared
 
for
 
the
 
sole use
 
of
Coronado Global
 
Resources
 
Inc.
 
(Coronado)
 
and its
affiliated and subsidiary companies and
 
advisors.
 
This TRS updates the
 
TRS titled, “Coronado Global
Resources
 
Inc.
 
Statement
 
of
 
Coal
 
Resources
 
and
 
Reserves
 
for
 
the
 
Mon
 
Valley
 
Complex
 
Upper
Freeport Holdings in Accordance with the JORC Code and United States
 
SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as
of December 31,
 
2022 Northern
 
Appalachian Coal
 
Basin Pennsylvania,
 
USA February
 
2023” dated
February 15, 2023, due to
 
material differences
 
in the key
 
financial modifying factors
 
including coal
sales price assumptions,
 
operating costs and capital
 
costs from December 31,
 
2022 to December 31,
2023.
 
Coal sales price assumptions are discussed in Sections 12 and 16 of the TRS,
 
while operating
costs
 
and
 
capital
 
costs
 
are
 
discussed
 
in
 
Sections
 
18
 
and
 
19
 
of
 
the
 
TRS.
 
The
 
report
 
provides
 
a
statement of coal
 
resources and coal
 
reserves for Coronado,
 
as defined
 
under the
Australasian Code
for Reporting
 
of Exploration Results,
 
Mineral Resources and
 
Ore Reserves (JORC
 
Code)
 
as well
 
as
under
 
Subpart
 
1300
 
of
 
Regulation
 
S-K
 
(Regulation
 
S-K
 
1300)
 
promulgated
 
by
 
the
United
 
States
Securities and Exchange
 
Commission (SEC)
.
 
This report was
 
also prepared in accordance
 
with the
Australasian Code for Public
 
Reporting of Technical Assessments and Valuations of Mineral
 
Assets
(VALMIN Code).
The Mon
 
Valley
 
property is
 
comprised of
 
three separate
 
reserve holdings,
 
namely,
 
the Pangburn,
Shaner and Fallowfield proposed underground mines in the Upper Freeport seam.
The report provides
 
a statement
 
of coal resources
 
and coal reserves for
 
Coronado at the Property.
 
Exploration results and Resource
 
calculations were used as the basis for the mine planning and the
preliminary feasibility study completed to determine
 
the extent and viability of the reserve.
Coal
 
resources
 
and
 
coal
 
reserves
 
are
 
herein
 
reported
 
in
 
metric
 
units
 
of
 
measurement
 
and
 
are
rounded to millions of metric tonnes (Mt).
2.2
 
Information Sources
This TRS
 
is based on
 
information provided
 
by Coronado
 
and reviewed
 
by MM&A.
 
Sources of data
and information are listed below in
Table 2-1
:
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
13
Table 2-1:
 
Information Provided to MM&A by Coronado
Category
Information Provided by Coronado
Report Section
Geological
Geologic
 
data
 
including
 
digital
 
databases
 
and
 
original
 
source
 
data
 
including
geologist logs, driller’s logs, geophysical
 
logs
9.1
Coal Quality
Database of coal quality
 
information supplemented
 
with original source laboratory
sheets where available
10.1
Mining
Historical productivities and manpower from
 
operating and future Coronado
 
mines
13.2, 13.4
Coal
Preparation
Flow sheet and other information
 
representing current
 
and future methods of
 
coal
processing
 
14.1
Waste
Disposal
Engineering
 
data
 
and
 
estimates
 
representing
 
remaining
 
capacities
 
for
 
coarse
 
and
fine coal waste disposal
17.2
Costs
Historical and
 
budgetary operating
 
cost information
 
used to derive
 
cost drivers
 
for
reserve financial modeling
18.2
Economic
WACC and inflation rate
 
used in discounted cash flow analysis
19.1, 19.2,
19.3
Note: While the sources of
 
data listed in
 
Table 2-1
 
are not exhaustive, they
 
represent a significant portion of
 
information which supports this
TRS.
 
MM&A reviewed the
 
provided data and found
 
it to be reasonable
 
prior to incorporating it
 
into the TRS.
 
The TRS contains “forward-looking
information” including forecasts of productivity and annual coal production,
 
operating and capital cost estimates, coal sales price forecasts, the
assumption that Coronado will continue to
 
acquire necessary permits, and other assumptions.
 
The TRS statements
 
and conclusions are not a
guarantee of
 
future performance
 
and undue
 
reliance should
 
not be placed
 
on them.
 
The ability of
 
Coronado to
 
recover the
 
estimated coal
reserves
 
is
 
dependent on
 
multiple factors
 
beyond
 
the
 
control
 
of
 
MM&A
 
including, but
 
not
 
limited
 
to
 
geologic
 
factors,
 
mining
 
conditions,
regulatory approvals, and changes in regulations.
 
In all cases, the plans assume the Property is under competent management.
Coronado engaged MM&A to conduct a coal resource and reserve evaluation
 
of the Coronado coal
properties
 
as
 
of
 
December 31,
 
2023,
 
the
 
effective
 
date
 
of
 
this
 
TRS
 
for
 
Mon
 
Valley.
 
For
 
the
evaluation, the following tasks were
 
to be completed:
 
>
 
Conduct a site visit to the projected resource/reserve area;
>
 
Process
 
the
 
information
 
supporting
 
the
 
estimation
 
of
 
coal
 
resources
 
and
 
reserves
 
into
geological models;
 
>
 
Develop life-of-reserve mine
 
(LOM) plans and financial models;
>
 
Hold discussions with Coronado company management; and
 
>
 
Prepare and
 
issue a TRS providing
 
a statement
 
of coal resources
 
and reserves which
 
would
include:
-
 
A description of the mines and facilities.
 
-
 
A description of the evaluation process.
-
 
An estimation of coal resources and reserves with compliance elements as stated under the
JORC Code and the SEC Regulation S-K 1300.
2.3
 
Personal Inspections
MM&A is very familiar
 
with the Mon Valley
 
properties, having provided
 
a variety of geological
 
and
engineering
 
evaluations
 
of
 
the
 
subject
 
property
 
and
 
neighboring
 
properties
 
in
 
recent
 
years.
 
No
facilities
 
are
 
constructed
 
on
 
the
 
properties.
 
A
 
site
 
inspection
 
of
 
proposed
 
and
 
potential
 
surface
facility areas was last conducted in December 2023.
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
14
3
 
Property Description
3.1
 
Location
The Mon Valley
 
Complex will include the
 
Pangburn, Shaner,
 
and Fallowfield underground
 
mines in
the Upper Freeport coal
 
seam.
 
The properties are located approximately 22.5 kilometers southeast
of Pittsburgh.
 
The property
 
is located
 
in Allegheny,
 
Washington,
 
and Westmoreland
 
Counties, Pennsylvania
 
(see
Figure 1-1 above
).
 
Mining operations here
 
have not yet
 
been initiated.
 
The Property is located
 
on
portions
 
of
 
eight
United
 
States
 
Geological
 
Survey
 
(USGS)
 
quadrangles:
 
Irwin;
 
Glassport;
Monongahela;
 
Donora;
 
Smithton;
 
California;
 
Ellsworth;
 
and
 
Hackett.
 
The
 
coordinate
 
system
 
and
datum
 
used
 
for
 
the
 
model
 
of
 
Mon
 
Valley
 
and
 
the
 
subsequent
 
maps
 
were
 
produced
 
in
 
the
Pennsylvania State
 
Plane South system, NAD 27.
3.2
 
Titles, Claims or Leases
The
 
property
 
is
 
composed
 
of
 
41,615
 
total
 
hectares,
 
of
 
which
 
1,339
 
are
 
leased
 
from
 
private
landholders under two leases, and 40,276 hectares are owned by Coronado.
 
Subject to Coronado’s
exercising
 
its renewal rights thereunder,
 
both of the leases expire
 
upon exhaustion of the
 
relevant
coal
 
reserves,
 
which
 
is
 
expected
 
to
 
occur
 
in
 
2101.
 
MM&A
 
has
 
not
 
carried
 
out
 
a
 
separate
 
title
verification
 
for
 
the coal
 
properties
 
and has
 
not verified
 
leases, deeds,
 
surveys, or
 
other property-
control
 
instruments
 
pertinent
 
to
 
the
 
subject
 
resources.
 
Tenure
 
was
 
separately
 
reviewed
 
by
Coronado’s
 
legal advisors.
 
Coronado has
 
represented
 
to MM&A
 
that it
 
controls the
 
mining rights
to the reserves as shown on
 
its property maps, and MM&A has accepted
 
these as being a true and
accurate
 
depiction of
 
the mineral
 
rights controlled
 
by Coronado.
 
The TRS
 
assumes the
 
properties
are developed under responsible and experienced management.
 
3.3
 
Mineral Rights
Coronado supplied property control maps to MM&A related to properties for which mineral and/or
surface
 
property
 
are
 
controlled
 
by
 
Coronado.
 
While
 
MM&A
 
accepted
 
these
 
representations
 
as
being
 
true
 
and
 
accurate,
 
MM&A
 
has
 
no
 
knowledge
 
of
 
past
 
property
 
boundary
 
disputes
 
or
 
other
concerns, through
 
past knowledge
 
of the
 
Property,
 
that would
 
signal concern
 
over future
 
mining
operations or development potential.
Property control
 
in Appalachia can
 
be intricate.
 
Coal-mining properties
 
are typically
 
composed of
numerous property
 
tracts which
 
are owned
 
and/or leased
 
from both
 
land-holding companies
 
and
private
 
individuals
 
or
 
companies.
 
It
 
is
 
common
 
to
 
encounter
 
severed
 
ownership,
 
with
 
different
entities
 
or individuals
 
controlling
 
the
 
surface
 
and mineral
 
rights.
 
Mineral
 
control
 
in the
 
region
 
is
typically characterized by leases or ownership of larger tracts of land,
 
with surface control generally
comprised of smaller tracts, particularly in developed areas.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
15
Legal mining rights may reflect a combination of fee or
 
mineral ownership and fee or mineral leases
of coal lands through various surface and mineral lease agreements.
 
Control
 
of
 
the
 
surface
 
property
 
is
 
necessary
 
to
 
conduct
 
surface
 
mining
 
but
 
is
 
not
 
necessary
 
to
conduct underground mining.
 
Given that the vicinity of the Mon Valley properties has an extensive
history
 
of
 
coal
 
mining,
 
Coronado
 
and
 
its
 
predecessors
 
have
 
a
 
successful
 
history
 
of
 
obtaining
 
any
necessary rights and the associated permits to mine.
3.4
 
Encumbrances
No Title Encumbrances are known.
 
By assignment, MM&A did
 
not complete a query
 
related to Title
Encumbrances.
 
3.5
 
Other Risks
There is always risk
 
involved in property control.
 
Coronado and its predecessor, CONSOL, have both
had their legal teams examine the deeds and title control in order to
 
minimize the risk.
 
4
 
Accessibility,
 
Climate, Local Resources,
Infrastructure and Physiography
4.1
 
Topography,
 
Elevation and Vegetation
Topography
 
of the
 
area surrounding
 
the proposed
 
Mon Valley
 
complex is
 
typical of
 
the Northern
Appalachian
 
Plateau
 
consisting
 
of
 
broad
 
river
 
valleys
 
and
 
rolling
 
hills,
 
with
 
some
 
upland
 
regions.
 
Surface
 
elevations
 
near
 
the
 
Property
 
range
 
from
 
approximately
 
396
 
meters
 
above
 
sea
 
level
 
in
upland regions to approximately 220 meters at stream level.
 
The property is moderately vegetated
by primarily oak
 
hardwood forests, but the
 
majority of
 
the land
 
is developed
 
for farm and
 
residential
use.
 
The
 
property
 
is
 
situated
 
near
 
the
 
major
 
urban
 
center
 
of
 
Pittsburgh,
 
PA
 
and
 
is
 
considered
suburban.
 
4.2
 
Access and Transport
There
 
is
 
general
 
access
 
to
 
the
 
Mon
 
Valley
 
property
 
via
 
a
 
well-developed
 
network
 
of
 
primary,
secondary,
 
and
 
unimproved
 
roads.
 
The
 
Monongahela
 
and
 
Youghiogheny
 
Rivers
 
traverse
 
the
Property from
 
south to north.
 
There are
 
numerous four
 
-lane limited-access
 
roads situated
 
within
or adjacent to the Property as well as a network of improved two-lane state and county roads.
 
U.S.
Interstate
 
70
 
and
 
Pennsylvania
 
Route
 
51
 
traverse
 
the
 
Fallowfield
 
and
 
Pangburn
 
properties,
respectively.
 
Numerous
 
secondary
 
and
 
unimproved
 
roads
 
provide
 
direct
 
access
 
to
 
the
 
mine
property,
 
some being state-
 
and town-maintained.
 
These roads typically stay open throughout the
year.
 
There
 
are
 
numerous
 
transportation/logistical
 
options
 
for
 
shipping
 
product.
 
The
 
primary
means
 
of
 
transport
 
for
 
produced
 
coal
 
would
 
be
 
by
 
barge
 
on
 
the
 
Monongahela
 
River/Ohio
 
River
system.
 
Additionally, a CS
X Corporation (CSX)
 
rail line located along the banks of the
 
Monongahela
River would provide another option for the shipment of coal.
 
 
ex964p2i0
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
16
4.3
 
Proximity to Population Centers
 
The
 
Mon
 
Valley
 
property
 
lies
 
near
 
the
 
communities
 
of
 
Bentleyville,
 
Lockview,
 
Monongahela,
Elizabeth,
 
Sutersville,
 
and
 
Irwin,
 
Pennsylvania
 
approximately
 
16
 
kilometers
 
to
 
32
 
kilometers
southeast
 
of
 
Pittsburgh,
 
and
 
16
 
kilometers
 
to
 
32
 
kilometers
 
from
 
Washington
 
and
 
McKeesport,
Pennsylvania.
 
As
 
of
 
2021
 
Pittsburgh
 
had
 
a
 
population
 
of
 
approximately
 
300,400
 
residents;
McKeesport, 17,500; and Washington, 13,200.
 
4.4
 
Climate and Length of Operating Season
The climate of
 
the region
 
is classified
 
as warm-summer
 
humid continental with
 
four distinct seasons:
 
warm summers,
 
cold winters,
 
and moderate
 
fall and
 
spring seasons.
 
Precipitation in
 
the region
 
is
consistent throughout the year with the most
 
rain falling in spring and the
 
early months of summer.
 
Average
 
yearly rainfall
 
is 95.1 centimeters.
 
Summer months typically begin
 
in late May
 
and end in
early September
 
and range
 
in average
 
temperature
 
from 51
 
to 84
 
degrees Fahrenheit
 
(or 10.6
 
to
28.9
 
degrees
 
Celsius).
 
Winters
 
typically
 
begin
 
in
 
mid to
 
late
 
November and
 
run until
 
mid
 
to
 
late
March with average temperatures
 
ranging from 22 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit
 
(or -5.6 to 10 degrees
Celsius).
 
Precipitation in the winter
 
typically comes in
 
the form of snowfall
 
or as a
 
wintery mix (sleet
and
 
snow)
 
with
 
severe
 
snowfall
 
events
 
occurring
 
occasionally.
 
Seasonal
 
variations
 
in
 
climate
typically
 
do
 
not
 
affect
 
underground
 
mining
 
in
 
Pennsylvania.
 
However,
 
weather
 
events
 
could
potentially
 
negatively
 
impact
 
efficiency
 
of
 
surface
 
and
 
preparation
 
plant
 
operations
 
on
 
a
 
very
limited basis, typically lasting less than a few days.
4.5
 
Infrastructure
The Mon Valley property has sources
 
of water,
 
power,
 
personnel, and supplies readily available for
use.
 
Personnel
 
have
 
historically
 
been
 
sourced
 
from
 
the
 
surrounding
 
communities
 
in
 
Allegheny,
Washington, and
 
Westmoreland Counties, and have
 
proven to be adequate
 
in numbers to operate
the mines.
 
As mining is common in the surrounding
 
areas, the workforce
 
is generally familiar
 
with
mining practices, and
 
many are experienced
 
miners.
 
Water is
 
expected to be
 
sourced locally from
nearby public
 
water sources or
 
rivers.
 
Electricity is
 
anticipated to be
 
sourced from
West Penn Power
(
West Penn
)
 
or
Duquesne Light (
Duquesne Light
)
.
 
The service industry
 
in the areas
 
surrounding the
proposed mine
 
complex has historically
 
provided supplies, equipment
 
repairs and
 
fabrication, etc.
 
Barge
 
transport
 
on
 
the
 
Monongahela
 
River/Ohio
 
River
 
system
 
will
 
serve
 
as
 
the
 
main
 
means
 
of
product
 
transport
 
from
 
the
 
mine,
 
and
 
currently
 
serve
 
as
 
a
 
means
 
of
 
coal
 
transportation
 
for
neighboring Pittsburgh seam operations.
 
Rail access is provided by a CSX rail line.
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
17
5
 
History
5.1
 
Previous Operation
The
 
property
 
was
 
formerly
 
controlled
 
by
Consolidation
 
Coal
 
Company
 
(CONSOL)
.
 
Historic
underground
 
operations
 
were
 
active
 
in
 
the
 
area
 
in
 
the
 
early
 
1900’s
 
and
 
contour
 
surface
 
mining
operations
 
were
 
performed
 
in
 
the
 
1950
 
to
 
1960
 
era.
 
Coronado
 
acquired
 
the
 
properties
 
from
CONSOL in March 2016.
5.2
 
Previous Exploration
The
 
properties
 
have
 
been
 
extensively
 
explored
 
by
 
subsurface
 
drilling
 
efforts
 
carried
 
out
 
by
numerous entities,
 
most of which
 
were completed
 
prior to acquisition
 
by Coronado.
 
The majority
of the drilling was accomplished
 
using vertical continuous (diamond) coring and air
 
rotary methods.
Drill records
 
indicate that
 
independent contract
 
drilling operators
 
have been
 
engaged periodically
to carry out
 
exploration drilling on
 
the properties.
 
Geophysical logging on
 
those properties acquired
from CONSOL was often performed by
 
both CONSOL’s in-house logging services and outside logging
firms.
 
6
 
Geological Setting, Mineralization and Deposit
6.1
 
Regional, Local and Property Geology
The property lies in the Northern Appalachian
 
Coal basin in the Appalachian Plateau
 
physiographic
province.
 
The coal deposits in the eastern USA are the oldest and most extensively
 
developed coal
deposits in the country.
 
The coal deposits on the properties
 
are Carboniferous in age,
 
being of the
Pennsylvanian
 
system.
 
Overall,
 
these
 
Carboniferous
 
coals
 
contain
 
roughly
 
two-fifths
 
of
 
the
bituminous
 
coal
 
deposits
 
in
 
the
 
United
 
States
 
and
 
extend
 
over
 
1,448
 
kilometers
 
from
 
northern
Alabama to Pennsylvania and are part of what is known as the Appalachian Basin.
 
The Appalachian
Basin
 
is
 
more
 
than
 
402
 
kilometers
 
wide
 
and,
 
in
 
some
 
portions,
 
contains
 
over
 
60
 
coal
 
seams
 
of
varying economic significance.
Seams of economic significance typically range between 0.3 meters to 2.4 meters in thickness, with
relatively
 
little
 
structural
 
deformation.
 
Regional
 
structure
 
is
 
typically
 
characterized
 
by
 
gently
dipping strata to the northwest at less than one percent.
 
Local anticline and syncline structures are
present on the property with seam dips up to 5 percent.
Seams of the Allegheny Formation have historically been mined in the Pennsylvania region with the
Upper
 
Freeport
 
seam being
 
one of
 
the principal
 
seams in
 
the formation.
 
Coal from
 
the area
 
has
historically sold in thermal and metallurgical markets.
 
 
ex964p2i0
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
18
Future
 
operations
 
at the
 
Mon Valley
 
properties will
 
extract
 
the Upper
 
Freeport coal
 
seam, which
covers large areas of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Maryland, and West Virginia.
 
The Upper Freeport seam is
situated
 
at
 
the
 
top
 
of
 
the
 
Allegheny
 
Group
 
of
 
the
 
middle
 
Pennsylvanian
 
period
 
(307-315 million
years ago).
 
The top of the Upper Freeport
 
seam is commonly used as the marker
 
between the top
of
 
the
 
Allegheny
 
Formation
 
and
 
the
 
overlying
 
Upper
 
Pennsylvanian
 
Conemaugh
 
Group.
 
The
Allegheny Formation is made up of laminated cyclothemic sequences of coal, shale, limestone, and
clay.
 
The
 
Upper
 
Freeport
 
seam
 
lies
 
generally
 
around
 
183
 
meters
 
below
 
the
 
Pittsburgh
 
seam.
 
Deposits associated with the Upper Freeport are often irregular and dislocated deposits (formed in
domed peat swamps commonly referred
 
to as “peat islands”).
 
The
 
primary
 
structural
 
controls
 
on
 
the
 
Upper
 
Freeport
 
coal
 
basin
 
are
 
localized
 
syn-depositional
anticlines
 
and
 
synclines
 
that
 
directly
 
influence
 
the
 
accumulation
 
of
 
peat
 
bogs.
 
These
 
structures
create
 
gently
 
folded
 
and
 
rolling
 
coal
 
strata.
 
The
 
axis
 
of
 
the
 
Waynesburg
 
and
 
Port
 
Royal
 
(Irwin)
synclines pass through the center and eastern portions of the properties with a trend and incline to
the Northeast.
 
The Amity, Murrysville, and Belle Vernon
 
anticlines (listed from west to east) reside
to the
 
center and western
 
portions of the
 
properties.
 
These anticlines
 
often coincide
 
with thicker
coal seams where peat accumulated
 
in domes along the anticlinal crest.
 
It is understood that local
anticlines
 
represent
 
the upthrown
 
side of
 
syn-depositionally
 
active
 
deep
 
faults.
 
Inversely,
 
fluvial
channel sediments were deposited on the structural downthrown
 
side within synclines.
 
Within the Pangburn,
 
Shaner,
 
and Fallowfield mine-plan
 
areas, the Upper
 
Freeport is typically
 
183
meters to
 
335 meters below
 
the ground surface.
 
Mine access is therefore
 
to be provided
 
by shaft
and slope development.
 
The planned Pangburn shaft depth is
 
approximately 195 meters
 
in depth.
 
The
 
shaft
 
depths
 
at
 
the
 
projected
 
locations
 
for
 
the
 
Shaner
 
and
 
Fallowfield
 
shafts
 
range
 
from
approximately 232 meters to
 
268 meters.
 
6.2
 
Mineralization
The coal to be produced at The Mon Valley
 
Complex is typically high volatile (>31% volatile matter)
bituminous coal.
 
The generalized stratigraphic
 
columnar section in
Figure 6-1
 
demonstrates the vertical
 
relationship
of the principal coal seams and rock formations on the Property.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ex964p27i2
 
 
 
 
 
ex964p27i2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ex964p27i2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ex964p27i2
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ex964p27i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
ex964p27i0 ex964p27i0
 
 
ex964p27i0 ex964p27i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ex964p27i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ex964p27i0 ex964p27i0
 
ex964p27i0 ex964p27i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ex964p27i0 ex964p27i3
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
19
RM
Redstone
 
Limestone
RML
Lower Redstone Limestone
PSU
Pittsburgh SS Upper Bench
PR
Pittsburgh
 
Rider Coal
PSL
Pittsburgh SS Lower Bench
RCZ
Pittsburgh Roof Coal Zone
DS
Drawslate
PG
Pittsburgh Coal Main Bench
PGS
Pittsburgh Coal Expected
 
Horizon (Surface)
AM
Ames Marine Zone
AMS
Ames Marine Zone
 
Expected
 
Horizon (Surface)
HR
Harlem Coal
BK2
Upper Bakerstown Coal
WRM
Woods
 
Run Marine Zone
BK1
Lower Bakerstown Coal
PC
Pine Creek Marine Zone
BCM
Brush Creek Marine Zone
BC
Brush Creek Coal
BCS
Brush Creek Coal Expected
 
Horizon (Surface)
MHU
Upper Mahoning
 
Sandstone
MA
Mahoning
 
Coal
MH
Lower Mahoning
 
Sandstone
UFR
Upper Freeport Rider Coal
UF
Upper Freeport
 
Coal
UFS
Upper Freeport
 
Coal Expected Horizon
 
(Surface)
UFL
Upper Freeport Leader Coal
LUF
Upper Freeport Limestone
BUT
Butler
 
Sandstone
LFR
Lower Freeport Rider Coal
LF
Lower Freeport
 
Coal
LFL
Lower Freeport Leader Coal
LLF
Lower Freeport Limestone
FSS
Freeport Sandstone
REQUIRED
 
UNIT
Age
Group
Formation
Member
Code
Pennsylvanian
Monongahela
Pittsburgh
Lower
Major Units
Mahoning
Pennsylvanian
Conemaugh
Glenshaw
Ames
Saltsburg
Woods
 
Run
Pine Creek
Brush Creek
Pennsylvanian
Allegheny
Freeport
Figure 6-1:
 
Stratigraphic Column
(not to scale)
6.3
 
Deposits
Historic
 
underground
 
mining
 
has
 
occurred
 
in
 
the
 
overlying
 
Pittsburgh
 
Seam
 
on
 
this
 
property.
 
Contour
 
surface
 
mining
 
on
 
the
 
Pittsburgh
 
and
 
Redstone
 
outcrop
 
has
 
occurred
 
within
 
the
 
areas
projected
 
for
 
the coal
 
refuse
 
disposal area,
 
the slope
 
portal
 
area and
 
the preparation
 
plant
 
area.
 
The three
 
proposed mines
 
(Pangburn, Shaner,
 
and Fallowfield)
 
are all
 
projected to
 
be deep mines
in the Upper
 
Freeport seam.
 
Mining is projected
 
in areas where
 
the total seam
 
thickness exceeds
1.2 meters.
 
Areas of
 
sandstone washout
 
and seam thinning
 
have been
 
excluded from
 
projections
by MM&A personnel.
 
Additional exploration could identify additional geologically
 
limiting features,
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
20
which could alter the proposed mine plan.
 
The Upper Freeport seam in the projected areas ranges
from 0.7 meters to 3.1 meters thick and averages
 
1.95 meters thick.
7
 
Exploration
7.1
 
Nature and Extent of Exploration
Extensive exploration in the form of subsurface drill efforts has been carried out on the Property by
numerous
 
entities,
 
most
 
of
 
which
 
efforts
 
were
 
completed
 
prior
 
to
 
the
 
acquisition
 
by
 
Coronado.
 
Diamond
 
core
 
and
 
rotary
 
drilling
 
are
 
the
 
primary types
 
of exploration
 
on the
 
Property.
 
Data
 
for
correlation
 
and mining
 
conditions
 
are
 
derived
 
from
 
core
 
descriptions
 
and geophysical
 
logging (e-
logging).
 
Coal quality analyses were also
 
employed during the core exploration
 
process.
 
A total of
approximately 750 core and rotary
 
holes have been drilled for exploration.
The location of the drilling is shown on the maps included in Appendix B.
The
 
concentration
 
of
 
exploration
 
varies
 
slightly
 
across
 
the
 
Property.
 
Drilling
 
on
 
the
 
Property
 
is
typically
 
sufficient
 
for
 
delineation
 
of
 
potential
 
underground
 
mineable
 
benches.
 
Core
 
logging
 
is
carried out by professional
 
geologists in cases where
 
roof and floor strata
 
are of particular interest
and in cases
 
where greater resolution and
 
geologic detail are
 
needed.
 
Generally speaking, however,
most drill
 
hole data
 
come from
 
simplified driller’s
 
logs, which
 
often lack
 
specific details
 
regarding
geotechnical
 
conditions
 
and
 
specific
 
geology,
 
making
 
correlations
 
and
 
floor
 
and
 
roof
 
conditions
difficult to
 
determine.
 
Geophysical logging
 
(e-logging) techniques,
 
by contrast,
 
document specific
details
 
useful
 
for
 
geologic
 
interpretation
 
and
 
mining
 
conditions.
 
Given
 
the
 
variability
 
of
 
data-
gathering
 
methods,
 
definitive
 
mapping
 
of
 
future
 
mining
 
conditions
 
may
 
not
 
be
 
possible,
 
but
projections and assumptions can be made within a reasonable degree of certainty.
A significant effort
 
was put into
 
verifying the integrity
 
of the database.
 
Once this was established,
stratigraphic
 
columnar
 
sections
 
were
 
generated
 
using
 
cross-sectional
 
analysis
 
to
 
establish
 
or
confirm coal seam correlations.
 
A typical cross-section is shown in
Figure 7-1.
 
 
ex964p2i0 ex964p29i1
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
21
Figure 7-1:
 
Mon Valley Cross-Section
Due to
 
the long history
 
of exploration
 
by various
 
parties on the
 
Property,
 
a wide
 
variety of
 
survey
techniques exist for
 
documentation of data
 
point locations.
 
Many of
 
the older
 
exploration drill holes
appear to
 
have been
 
located by
 
survey and
 
more recently-completed
 
drill holes
 
are often
 
located
by high-resolution Global
 
Positioning System (GPS)
 
units.
 
However, some holes appear
 
to have been
approximately
 
located
 
using
 
USGS
 
topography
 
maps
 
or
 
other
 
methods
 
which
 
are
 
less
 
accurate.
 
Therefore,
 
discretion
 
had
 
to
 
be
 
used
 
regarding
 
the
 
accuracy
 
for
 
the
 
location
 
and
 
ground
 
surface
elevation of
 
some of these
 
older drill holes.
 
In instances
 
where a drill
 
hole location
 
(or associated
coal
 
seam
 
elevations)
 
appeared
 
to
 
be
 
inconsistent
 
with
 
the
 
overall
 
structural
 
trend
 
(or
 
surface
topography
 
for surface
 
-mineable areas),
 
the data
 
point was
 
not honored
 
for
 
geological modeling.
 
Others with apparently minor variances were adjusted
 
and then used by MM&A.
 
Surveying of the underground and surface mined areas has been performed by the mine operators
and/or
 
their
 
consulting
 
surveyors.
 
By
 
assignment,
 
MM&A
 
did
 
not
 
verify
 
the
 
accuracy
 
or
completeness of supplied
 
mine maps but
 
accepted this information as
 
being the
 
work of responsible
engineers and surveyors.
MM&A
 
compiled
 
comprehensive
 
topographic
 
map
 
files
 
by
 
selecting
 
the
 
best
 
available
 
aerial
mapping for each area and filling any gaps with digital USGS topographic
 
mapping.
7.2
 
Non-Drilling Procedures and Parameters
All pertinent data used to characterize the coal
 
resources and coal reserves have been acquired via
exploration-based drilling methods.
 
The region has historically produced and sold Upper Freeport-
based coal
 
into metallurgical
 
and thermal
 
markets, enhancing
 
the confidence
 
of the
 
marketability
and quality of the resource.
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
22
7.3
 
Drilling Procedures
Core drilling methods
 
utilize NX-size (~5.4 centimeter) or similar-sized core cylinders
 
to recover core
samples, which
 
can
 
be used
 
to
 
delineate
 
geologic characteristics,
 
for
 
coal-quality
 
testing,
 
and for
geotechnical
 
logging.
 
With core
 
holes, geophysical
 
logs are
 
especially useful
 
in verifying
 
the core
recovery of both the coal samples (for assurance that the sample is representative of the full seam)
and
 
of
 
the
 
roof
 
and
 
floor
 
rock
 
samples
 
(for
 
evaluating
 
ground
 
control
 
characteristics
 
of
 
deep
mineable coal
 
seams).
 
In addition
 
to the
 
core holes,
 
rotary-drilled holes
 
also exist
 
on most
 
of the
Property.
 
Data
 
for
 
the
 
rotary-drilled
 
holes
 
are
 
mainly
 
derived
 
from
 
downhole
 
geophysical
 
logs,
which are
 
used to
 
interpret coal
 
and rock thickness
 
and depth,
 
since logging of
 
the drill cuttings
 
is
unreliable.
 
Exploratory drilling generally requires drilling to depths of
 
over 152 meters to penetrate
the target coal seam at Mon Valley
 
.
A wide variety
 
of core-logging techniques
 
exist for
 
the properties.
 
For many of
 
the core holes, the
primary data
 
source is a
 
generalized
 
lithology description by
 
the driller,
 
typically supplemented
 
by
a more detailed
 
core log completed
 
by a geologist.
 
These drilling logs were
 
provided to MM&A
 
as
a geological database.
 
MM&A geologists were
 
not involved
 
in the production
 
of original core
 
logs
but did perform a
 
basic check of information within
 
the provided database.
 
Where geophysical logs
for such holes were available,
 
they were used by MM&A geologists to
 
verify the coal thickness and
core recovery of seams.
 
7.4
 
Hydrology
Based on
 
historical successful
 
production of
 
Upper Freeport,
 
and stratigraphically
 
proximal
 
seams
in the
 
region, the Mon
 
Valley Complex is not
 
expected to have hydrologic concerns
 
of material issue.
 
Future
 
mining
 
is projected
 
to
 
occur
 
in areas
 
exhibiting
 
similar hydrogeological
 
conditions
 
as
 
past
mining,
 
including
 
stream
 
undermining
 
and
 
undermining
 
of
 
aquifers.
 
Based
 
upon
 
the
 
successful
history of
 
mining in the
 
region with
 
regards to
 
hydrogeological
 
features, MM&A
 
assumes that
 
the
operations will not be hindered by such issues.
The Pittsburgh seam has
 
been mined extensively above
 
the Upper Freeport seam on
 
the Property.
 
The
 
interval
 
(approximately
 
183
 
meters)
 
between
 
the
 
seams
 
is
 
anticipated
 
to
 
be
 
adequate
 
to
minimize inflow of water to the planned operations
 
from the overlying Pittsburgh works.
7.5
 
Geotechnical Data
Mining
 
plans
 
for
 
potential
 
underground
 
mines
 
were
 
developed
 
by
 
Coronado
 
and
 
modified
 
by
MM&A to
 
fit current
 
property constraints.
 
Pillar stability
 
was tested
 
by MM&A
 
using the Analysis
of
 
Coal
 
Pillar
 
Stability
 
(ACPS)
 
program
 
that
 
was
 
developed
 
by
 
the
National
 
Institute
 
for
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
 
MM&A reviewed the results from the ACPS analysis and
considered them in the development of the LOM plan.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
23
8
 
Sample Preparation, Analyses and Security
8.1
 
Prior to Sending to the Lab
Most
 
of the
 
coal
 
samples have
 
been obtained
 
from
 
the Property
 
by subsurface
 
exploration
 
using
core drilling
 
techniques.
 
The protocol
 
for preparing
 
and testing
 
the samples
 
has varied
 
over time
and is
 
not well
 
documented for the
 
older holes
 
drilled on
 
the Property.
 
Typical core-drilling sampling
methods for
 
coal in
 
the United
 
States
 
involves
 
drilling through
 
the seam,
 
removing the
 
core from
the
 
barrel,
 
describing the
 
lithology,
 
wrapping
 
the
 
sample in
 
a
 
sealed
 
plastic
 
sleeve
 
and
 
placing it
lengthwise into
 
a covered core
 
box, and carefully
 
marking hole ID and depth
 
intervals on each box
and
 
lid, allowing
 
the
 
core
 
to
 
be delivered
 
to
 
a
 
laboratory
 
in correct
 
stratigraphic
 
order,
 
and with
original
 
moisture
 
content.
 
This
 
process
 
has
 
been
 
the
 
norm
 
for
 
both
 
historical
 
and
 
ongoing
exploration activities at the Property.
This
 
work
 
is
 
typically
 
performed
 
by
 
the
 
supervising
 
driller,
 
geologist,
 
or
 
company
 
personnel.
 
Samples
 
are
 
most
 
often
 
delivered
 
to
 
the
 
company
 
by
 
the
 
driller
 
after
 
each
 
shift
 
or
 
acquired
 
by
company personnel
 
or representatives.
 
Most of the
 
coal core
 
samples were
 
obtained by previous
or
 
current
 
operators
 
on the
 
Property.
 
MM&A did
 
not participate
 
in the
 
collection,
 
sampling and
analysis of the core samples.
 
However,
 
it is reasonable to assume, given the consistency
 
of quality
from previous operators, that these samples
 
were generally collected and processed
 
under industry
best practices.
 
This assumption is based on MM&A’s
 
familiarity with the operating companies
 
and
the companies used to perform the analyses.
 
8.2
 
Lab Procedures
Coal quality
 
testing has
 
been performed
 
over many
 
years
 
by operating
 
companies using
 
different
laboratories and testing regimens.
 
Some of the
 
samples have raw analyses and
 
washabilities on the
full seam (with coal and rock parting layers co-mingled) and are mainly useful for characterizing the
coal quality for projected production from underground
 
mining.
 
Other samples have coal and rock
analyzed
 
separately,
 
the
 
results
 
of
 
which
 
can
 
be
 
manipulated
 
to
 
forecast
 
either
 
surface
 
or
underground mining quality.
 
Care has been
 
taken to use only
 
those analyses
 
that are representative
of
 
the
 
coal
 
quality
 
parameters
 
for
 
the
 
appropriate
 
mining
 
type
 
for
 
each
 
sample.
 
Unlike
 
many
Appalachian
 
properties,
 
Mon
 
Valley
 
only
 
has
 
interest
 
in
 
one
 
deep
 
seam;
 
therefore,
 
the
 
analyses
have likely been completed following
 
a consistent protocol.
Standard procedure
 
upon receipt of
 
core samples by the
 
testing laboratory
 
is to log the
 
depth and
thickness
 
of
 
the
 
sample,
 
then
 
perform
 
testing
 
as
 
specified
 
by
 
a
 
representative
 
of
 
the
 
operating
company.
 
Each
 
sample
 
is
 
then
 
analyzed
 
in
 
accordance
 
with
 
procedures
 
defined
 
under
ASTM
International (
ASTM
)
 
standards including, but not
 
limited to; washability (ASTM D4371);
 
ash (ASTM
D3174);
 
sulfur
 
(ASTM
 
D4239);
 
Btu/lb.
 
(ASTM
 
D5865);
 
volatile
 
matter
 
(ASTM
 
D3175);
 
Free
 
Swell
Index (FSI) (ASTM D720).
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
24
While not confirmed
 
by MM&A, it
 
is assumed
 
that best practices
 
and ASTM (or
 
equivalent standards
at the time
 
of testing) were
 
utilized in laboratory quality
 
testing.
 
Since 1970
 
(the earliest coal
 
quality
information
 
available),
 
the
 
Property
 
has
 
been
 
controlled
 
primarily by
 
CONSOL
 
utilizing
 
their
 
own
corporate
 
laboratories
 
including:
CONSOL Research
 
Laboratory
 
in Library,
 
PA,
CONSOL’s
 
Mathies
Mine Laboratory
 
at Mathies
 
Mine in
 
southwest Pennsylvania
 
and
Dickinson Laboratories,
 
Inc.
 
(El
Paso, Texas).
 
Both CONSOL’s Research Laboratory and the
 
Mathies Mine
 
lab have since
 
been closed.
 
Since
 
1977
 
to
 
the
 
present,
 
additional
 
laboratories
 
not
 
affiliated
 
with
 
coal
 
companies
 
who
 
have
provided analytical data for the Property include:
>
Geochemical Testing
 
(Somerset, Pennsylvania)
 
– accredited by
 
the National Environmental
Laboratory Accreditation Program
 
(NELAP).
>
SGS
 
North
 
America
 
(Sophia,
 
West
 
Virginia)
 
 
a
 
leading
 
accredited
 
body
 
and
 
a
Nationally
Recognized Test
 
Laboratory (
NRTL
)
; currently analyzing samples for Coronado.
9
 
Data Verification
9.1
 
Procedures of Qualified Person
MM&A reviewed the digital geologic
 
database supplied by Coronado.
 
The database consists of
 
data
records, which
 
include drill hole
 
information for
 
holes that
 
lie within and
 
adjacent to
 
the Property
and records
 
for numerous
 
supplemental coal
 
seam thickness measurements.
 
Upon completion of
the database
 
verification,
 
copies of
 
each entry
 
were
 
printed,
 
and cross
 
referenced
 
to the
 
original
document for
 
verification.
 
Once the initial
 
integrity of the
 
database was
 
established, stratigraphic
columnar sections were
 
generated using
 
cross-sectional analysis to
 
establish or confirm
 
coal-seam
correlations.
 
Geophysical
 
logs
 
were
 
used
 
wherever
 
available
 
to
 
assist
 
in
 
confirming
 
the
 
seam
correlation and to verify proper seam thickness measurements and recovery
 
of coal samples.
 
After establishing and/or verifying proper seam correlation, seam data control maps and geological
cross-sections were generated
 
and again used to verify seam correlations and data
 
integrity.
 
Once
the database was fully vetted, seam thickness, base-of-seam elevation, roof and
 
floor lithology, and
overburden maps were independently generated
 
for use in the mine planning process.
9.2
 
Limitations
As with any exploration program, localized anomalies
 
cannot always be discovered.
 
The greater the
density of
 
the samples
 
taken,
 
the less
 
the risk.
 
Once an
 
area is
 
identified as
 
being of
 
interest
 
for
inclusion
 
in
 
the
 
mine
 
plan,
 
additional
 
samples
 
are
 
taken
 
to
 
help
 
reduce
 
the
 
risk
 
in
 
those
 
specific
areas.
 
In general, provision is made in the mine planning portion of the study to allow for localized
anomalies that are typically classed more as a nuisance than a hinderance.
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
25
9.3
 
Opinion of Qualified Person
Sufficient data
 
has been obtained
 
through various
 
exploration and
 
sampling programs
 
and mining
operations
 
to
 
support
 
the
 
geological
 
interpretations
 
of
 
seam
 
structure
 
and
 
thickness
 
for
 
coal
horizons
 
situated
 
on the
 
Property.
 
The data
 
is of
 
sufficient
 
quantity
 
and reliability
 
to
 
reasonably
support the coal resource and coal reserve estimates in this TRS.
10
 
Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Testing
10.1
 
Testing
 
Procedures
Separate
 
tabulations
 
have
 
been
 
compiled
 
for
 
basic
 
chemical
 
analyses
 
(both
 
raw
 
and
 
washed
quality), petrographic data, rheological data
 
and chlorine, ash, ultimate and sulfur analysis.
 
Available
 
coal quality
 
data
 
were
 
tabulated
 
by resource
 
area in
 
a Microsoft®
 
EXCEL
 
workbook and
the details of that work are maintained on file at the offices of Coronado and MM&A.
 
These tables
also
 
provide
 
basic
 
statistical
 
analyses
 
of
 
the
 
coal
 
quality
 
data
 
sets,
 
including
 
average
 
value;
maximum
 
and
 
minimum
 
values;
 
and
 
the
 
number
 
of
 
samples
 
available
 
to
 
represent
 
each
 
quality
parameter
 
of
 
the
 
seam.
 
Coal
 
samples
 
that
 
were
 
deemed
 
by
 
MM&A
 
geologists
 
to
 
be
unrepresentative
 
were
 
not
 
used
 
for
 
statistical
 
analysis
 
of
 
coal
 
quality,
 
as
 
documented
 
in
 
the
tabulations.
 
A
 
representative
 
group
 
of
 
drill
 
hole
 
samples
 
from
 
the
 
Property
 
were
 
then
 
checked
against the original drill laboratory reports to verify accuracy
 
and correctness.
The amount and areal extent of coal sampling
 
for geological data is generally sufficient to represent
the quality characteristics of
 
the coal horizons
 
and allow for
 
proper market placement of
 
the subject
coal seams.
 
For some of
 
the coal deposits
 
there are considerable laboratory data
 
from core samples
that
 
are representative
 
of full
 
extent
 
of the
 
resource
 
area;
 
and for
 
others
 
there are
 
more
 
limited
data
 
to
 
represent
 
the
 
resource
 
area.
 
For
 
example,
 
in
 
the
 
active
 
operations
 
with
 
considerable
previous
 
mining, there
 
may
 
be limited
 
quality data
 
within some
 
of the
 
remaining resource
 
areas;
however,
 
in those
 
cases the
 
core sampling
 
data can
 
be supplemented
 
with operational
 
data from
mining and shipped quality samples representative of the resource area.
10.2
 
Relationship of Tests
 
to the Whole
The extensive
 
sampling and
 
testing procedures
 
typically followed
 
in the
 
coal
 
industry result
 
in an
excellent
 
correlation
 
between
 
samples and
 
marketable
 
product.
 
The Upper
 
Freeport
 
seam has
 
a
long
 
history
 
of
 
saleable
 
production
 
in
 
the
 
high-volatile
 
metallurgical
 
and
 
thermal
 
markets,
consistent
 
with
 
exploration
 
results.
 
Degradation
 
of
 
coking
 
coal
 
characteristics
 
over
 
time
 
is
 
not
anticipated to be an issue.
10.3
 
Lab Information
Each sample
 
is analyzed
 
at area
 
Laboratories
 
that operate
 
in accordance
 
with procedures
 
defined
under ASTM standards including, but not limited to; washability (ASTM D4371); ash (ASTM D3174);
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
26
sulfur (ASTM
 
D4239); Btu/lb.
 
(ASTM D5865);
 
volatile matter
 
(ASTM D3175);
 
Free Swell
 
Index (FSI)
(ASTM D720).
While not confirmed
 
by MM&A, it
 
is assumed
 
that best practices
 
and ASTM (or
 
equivalent standards
at the time
 
of testing) were
 
utilized in laboratory quality
 
testing.
 
Since 1970
 
(the earliest coal
 
quality
information
 
available),
 
the
 
Property
 
has
 
been
 
controlled
 
primarily by
 
CONSOL
 
utilizing
 
their
 
own
corporate
 
laboratories
 
including:
 
CONSOL
 
Research
 
Laboratory
 
in
 
Library,
 
PA,
 
CONSOL’s
 
Mathies
Mine
 
Laboratory
 
at
 
Mathies
 
Mine
 
in
 
southwest
 
Pennsylvania
 
and Dickinson
 
Laboratories,
 
Inc. (El
Paso, Texas).
 
Both CONSOL’s Research Laboratory and the
 
Mathies mine
 
lab have since
 
been closed.
 
Since
 
1977
 
to
 
the
 
present,
 
additional
 
laboratories
 
not
 
affiliated
 
with
 
coal
 
companies
 
who
 
have
provided analytical data for the Property include:
>
 
Geochemical Testing
 
(Somerset, Pennsylvania) – accredited
 
by the NELAP.
>
 
SGS North America (Sophia,
 
West Virginia) – a leading
 
accredited body and a
 
NRTL; currently
analyzing samples for Coronado.
10.4
 
Relevant Results
No critical factors have been found
 
that would adversely affect the recovery
 
of the Reserve.
11
 
Mineral Resource Estimates
MM&A independently created
 
a geologic model to define
 
the coal resources at
 
the Property.
 
Coal
resources were estimated
 
as of December 31, 2023.
11.1
 
Assumptions, Parameters and Methodology
Geological
 
data
 
was
 
imported
 
into
 
Carlson
 
Mining®
 
(formerly
 
SurvCADD®)
 
geological
 
modelling
software
 
in the
 
form
 
of Microsoft®
 
Excel
 
files incorporating
 
drill hole
 
collars,
 
seam and
 
thickness
picks, bottom
 
seam elevations
 
and raw
 
and washed
 
coal quality.
 
These data
 
files were
 
validated
prior to importing into the software.
 
Once imported, a geologic model was created, reviewed, and
verified with
 
a key
 
element being
 
a gridded model
 
of coal
 
seam thickness.
 
Resource tonnes
 
were
estimated by using the
 
seam thickness grid
 
based on each
 
valid point of observation
 
and by defining
resource confidence arcs around the
 
points of observation.
 
Points of observation for Measured
 
and
Indicated
 
confidence
 
arcs
 
were
 
defined
 
for
 
all
 
valid
 
drill
 
holes
 
that
 
intersected
 
the
 
seam
 
using
standards
 
deemed acceptable
 
by MM&A
 
based on
 
a detailed
 
geologic evaluation
 
and a
 
statistical
analysis
 
of
 
all
 
drill
 
holes
 
within
 
the
 
projected
 
reserve
 
areas
 
as
 
described
 
in
Section
 
11.1.1
.
 
The
geological
 
evaluation
 
incorporated
 
an
 
analysis
 
of
 
seam
 
thickness
 
related
 
to
 
depositional
environments, adjacent roof and floor lithologies, and structural influences.
After validating coal seam data and establishing correlations, the thickness and elevation for seams
of
 
economic
 
interest
 
were
 
used
 
to
 
generate
 
a
 
geologic
 
model.
 
Due
 
to
 
the
 
relative
 
structural
simplicity
 
of
 
the
 
deposits
 
and
 
the
 
reasonable
 
continuity
 
of
 
the
 
tabular
 
coal
 
beds,
 
the
 
principal
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
27
geological
 
interpretation
 
necessary
 
to
 
define
 
the
 
geometry
 
of
 
the
 
coal
 
deposits
 
is
 
the
 
proper
modeling
 
of
 
their
 
thickness
 
and
 
elevation.
 
Both
 
coal
 
thickness
 
and
 
quality
 
data
 
are
 
deemed
 
by
MM&A to be reasonably sufficient within the resource areas.
 
Therefore, there is a reasonable level
of confidence in the geologic
 
interpretations required for coal resource determination based on the
available data and the techniques applied to the data.
Table 11-1
 
below provides the geological mapping and
 
coal tonnage estimation criteria used for the
coal resource
 
and reserve
 
evaluation.
 
These cut-off
 
parameters
 
have
 
been developed
 
by MM&A
based on
 
its experience
 
with the
 
Coronado properties
 
and are
 
typical of
 
mining operations
 
in the
Northern Appalachian Coal
 
Basin.
 
This experience includes
 
technical and economic
 
evaluations of
numerous
 
properties
 
in the
 
region
 
for
 
the
 
purposes of
 
determining
 
the
 
economic
 
viability of
 
the
subject coal reserves.
Table 11-1:
 
General Reserve and Resource Criteria
Item
Parameters
Technical Notes & Exceptions*
 
General Criteria
 
 
Reserve Classification
Reserve and Resource
Reliability Categories
Reserve (Proven and Probable)
To better reflect geological conditions of the coal
deposits, distance between points of observation are
standard USGS (in meters), respectively, for measured
and indicated and inferred.
Effective Date of Resource
Estimate
December 31, 2023
Effective Date of Reserve Estimate
December 31, 2023
Seam Density
Variable, dependent upon seam characteristics (based
on available drill hole quality).
 
In the absence of
laboratory data, estimated by (1) assuming specific
gravity of 1.30 for coal and 2.25 to 2.5 for rock
parting, or (2) 1280 kg/m3 to 1324 kg/m3 for a
"clean" seam)
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
28
Item
Parameters
Technical Notes & Exceptions*
 
Underground-Mineable Criteria
Map Thickness
Total seam thickness
Minimum Seam Thickness
1.2 meters (locally <1.2 m for limited areas integral
to the mine plan)
Pangburn was mapped at 0.92-meter cutoff in
conjunction with Coronado mine plan.
Minimum Mining Thickness
1.4 meters
Minimum In-Seam Wash
Recovery
40 percent
 
Wash Recovery Applied to Coal
Reserves
Based on average yield for drill holes within
reserve area, or in the absence of laboratory
washability data, based on estimated visual
recovery using specific gravities noted above and
95 percent yield on "clean" coal
Out-of-Seam Dilution Thickness
for Run-of-Mine Tonnes Applied
to Coal Reserves
0.05 meters minimum
2243 kg/m³ density used for dilution tonnage
estimate
Mine Barrier
61-meter distance from abandoned mines and
sealed or pillared areas.
Adjustments Applied to Coal
Reserves
6 percent moisture increase; 5 percent
preparation plant inefficiency
Note:
 
Exceptions for application of these criteria
 
to resource and reserve estimation are made
 
as warranted and demonstrated by either actual
mining experience or detailed data that allows for empirical evaluation
 
of mining conditions.
 
Final classification of coal reserve is made based
on the pre-feasibility evaluation.
11.1.1
 
Geostatistical Analysis
MM&A completed a
 
geostatistical analysis on drill
 
holes within
 
the reserve boundaries
 
to determine
the applicability of the common United States classification system for measured and indicated and
inferred coal resources.
 
Historically,
 
the United States has assumed that coal within 0.4-kilometers
of a point of
 
observation represents a measured resource whereas coal
 
between 0.4 kilometers and
1.2
 
kilometers
 
from
 
a
 
point
 
of
 
observation
 
is
 
classified
 
as
 
indicated.
 
Inferred
 
resources
 
are
commonly
 
assumed
 
to
 
be
 
located
 
between
 
1.2
 
kilometers
 
and
 
4.8
 
kilometers
 
from
 
a
 
point
 
of
observation.
 
Per
 
SEC
 
and
 
JORC
 
regulations,
 
only
 
measured
 
and
 
indicated
 
resources
 
may
 
be
considered for reserve classification, respectively
 
as proven and probable reserves.
MM&A
 
performed
 
a
 
geostatistical
 
analysis
 
test
 
of
 
the
 
Mon
 
Valley
 
data
 
set
 
using
 
the
 
Drill
 
Hole
Spacing Analysis
 
(DHSA) method.
 
This method
 
attempts to
 
quantify the
 
uncertainty of
 
applying a
measurement
 
from
 
a
 
central
 
location
 
to
 
increasingly
 
larger
 
square
 
blocks
 
and
 
provides
recommendations
 
for determining
 
the distances
 
between drill
 
holes for
 
measured, indicated,
 
and
inferred resources.
To
 
perform DHSA the data
 
set was processed to remove
 
any erroneous data points,
 
clustered data
points, as
 
well as
 
directional trends.
 
This was
 
achieved through
 
the use
 
of histograms,
 
as seen
 
in
Figure 11-1, color
 
coded scatter plots
 
showing the geospatial positioning of
 
the borings, Figure 11-
2, and trend analysis.
 
 
ex964p2i0 ex964p37i2 ex964p37i1
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
29
Figure
 
11-1:
 
Histogram
 
of
 
the
 
Total
 
Seam
 
Thickness
 
for
 
the
 
Upper
Freeport Seam Present in the Mon Valley Complex
Figure 11-2:
 
Scatter plot
 
of the
 
Total
 
Seam Thickness
 
for the
 
Upper
Freeport Seam Present in the Mon Valley Complex
Following the completion of
 
data processing, a variogram
 
of the data set was
 
created,
Figure 11-3
.
 
The
 
variogram
 
plots average
 
square difference
 
against
 
the separation
 
distance
 
between
 
the data
pairs.
 
The
 
separation
 
distance
 
is broken
 
up
 
into
 
separate
 
bins defined
 
by a
 
uniform
 
lag distance
(e.g., for
 
a lag
 
distance of
 
152 meters
 
the bins
 
would be
 
0 –
 
152 meters,
 
153 –
 
305 meters,
 
etc.).
 
Each pair of data points that are less than one lag distance apart are reported in the first bin.
 
If the
data
 
pair
 
is
 
further
 
apart
 
than
 
one
 
lag
 
distance
 
but
 
less
 
than
 
two
 
lag
 
distances
 
apart,
 
then
 
the
variance is reported in the second bin.
 
The numerical average for differences
 
reported for each bin
is then plotted on the variogram.
 
Care was taken to
 
define the lag distance in such a way
 
as to not
overestimate any nugget effect
 
present in the data set.
 
Lastly, modeled equations, often spherical,
gaussian, or
 
exponential, are
 
applied to
 
the variogram
 
in order
 
to represent
 
the data
 
set across
 
a
continuous spectrum.
 
 
ex964p2i0 ex964p38i1
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
30
Figure 11-3:
 
Variogram of the Total
 
Seam Thickness for the Upper Freeport Seam
 
Present in the Mon Valley Complex
The estimation
 
variance is
 
then calculated
 
using information
 
from the
 
modeled variogram
 
as well
as
 
charts
 
published
 
by
 
Journel
 
and
 
Huijbregts
 
(1978).
 
This
 
value
 
estimates
 
the
 
variance
 
from
applying
 
a
 
single
 
central
 
measurement
 
to
 
increasingly
 
larger
 
square
 
blocks.
 
Care
 
was
 
taken
 
to
ensure any nugget effect present was added back
 
into the data.
 
This process was repeated for each
test block size.
The final step of the process is to calculate the global estimation variance.
 
In this step,
 
the number
of square blocks that would fit inside the selected study area is determined
 
for each block size that
was
 
investigated
 
in the
 
previous
 
step.
 
The estimation
 
variance
 
is then
 
divided by
 
the number
 
of
blocks that
 
would fit
 
inside the
 
study area
 
for
 
each test
 
block size
 
.
 
Following this
 
determination,
the data is then transformed back to represent
 
the relative error in the 95th-percentile range.
Figure 11-4
 
shows the results
 
of the
 
DHSA performed on
 
the Upper Freeport
 
data for the
 
Mon Valley
Complex.
 
DHSA provides hole
 
to hole
 
spacing values,
 
these distances need
 
to be converted
 
to radius
from a central point in order to
 
compare to the historical standards
 
.
 
A summary of the radius data
is shown
 
in Table
 
11-2.
 
DHSA prescribes
 
measured, indicated,
 
and inferred
 
drill hole
 
spacings be
determined at the 10-percent, 20-percent, and 50-percent
 
levels of relative error,
 
respectively.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ex964p39i1
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
31
Figure 11-4:
 
Result of DHSA for the Upper Freeport Seam Present in the Mon Valley Complex
Table 11-2:
 
DHSA Results Summary for Radius from a Central Point
Model:
Measured Radial Distance
(10% Relative Error)
Indicated Radial Distance
(20% Relative Error)
Inferred Radial Distance
(50% Relative Error)
(km)
(km)
(km)
Gaussian:
0.72
1.42
3.53
Spherical:
0.72
1.42
3.53
Exponential:
0.75
1.43
3.49
Comparing
 
the
 
results
 
of
 
the
 
DHSA
 
to
 
the
 
historical
 
standards,
 
it
 
is
 
evident
 
that
 
the
 
historical
standards
 
are
 
more
 
conservative
 
than
 
even
 
the
 
most
 
conservative
 
DHSA
 
model
 
with
 
regards
 
to
determining measured resources.
 
The Gaussian and Spherical
 
models recommend using a
 
radius of
0.72 kilometers
 
for
 
measured resources
 
compared to
 
the historical
 
value of
 
0.4 kilometers.
 
With
respect
 
to
 
indicated
 
resources
 
the
 
DHSA
 
falls
 
in
 
line
 
closely
 
with
 
the
 
historical
 
standards.
 
The
Exponential model recommends using a radius of 1.43
 
kilometers, while the Spherical and Gaussian
models recommend a radius of 1.42
 
kilometers, respectively.
 
These values line up closely with the
historical radius
 
of 1.2 kilometers.
 
These results have
 
led the QPs
 
to report the
 
data following
 
the
historical classification standards, rather
 
than use the results of the DHSA.
11.2
 
Qualified Person’s Estimates
Mineral
 
resources,
 
representing
 
in-situ
 
coal
 
from
 
a
 
portion
 
of
 
which
 
reserves
 
are
 
derived,
 
are
presented below.
 
Based on the work described and detailed modelling of the areas
 
considering all
the parameters
 
defined, a
 
coal resource
 
estimate,
 
summarized
 
in
Table
 
11-3
, was
 
prepared
 
as of
December 31, 2023, for property controlled by Coronado.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
32
Table 11-3:
 
Coal Resources Summary as of December 31, 2023
Coal Resource (Dry Tonnes, In Situ, Mt)
Resource Quality (Dry)
Area
Measured
Indicated
Inferred
Total
Ash%
Sulfur%
VM%
Inclusive of Reserve
291.0
213.5
9.3
513.8
31
1.4
26
Exclusive of Reserve
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Total 12/31/2023
291.0
213.5
9.3
513.8
Note:
 
Resource tonnes are inclusive of reserve tonnes since they include the in-situ tonnes from which recoverable coal reserves are derived.
Note 2:
 
Coal resources are reported on a dry basis.
 
Surface moisture and inherent moisture are excluded.
Note 3: The Mon Valley properties do not have any resource tonnes exclusive of reserves as of December 31, 2023.
11.3
 
Qualified Person’s Opinion
While
 
there
 
is
 
some
 
level
 
of
 
stratigraphically
 
controlled
 
seam-thickness
 
variability
 
due
 
to
 
sand
channels,
 
etc.,
 
the
 
Upper
 
Freeport
 
coal
 
seam
 
on
 
the
 
mine
 
property
 
at
 
Mon
 
Valley
 
demonstrate
reasonable thickness consistency
 
according to
 
the classification system
 
of
measured
 
(0 kilometers
– 0.4
 
kilometers),
indicated
 
(0.4 kilometers
 
to 1.2
 
kilometers),
 
and
inferred
 
(1.2 kilometers
 
to 4.8
kilometers).
 
MM&A geologists and
 
engineers modeled
 
the deposit
 
and delineated
 
mineable regions
to
 
reflect
 
the nature
 
of each
 
seam and
 
the practicality
 
of mining
 
constraints.
 
Based on
 
MM&A’s
geostatistical
 
analysis,
 
it
 
would
 
be
 
possible
 
to
 
extend
 
the
 
measured,
 
indicated
 
and
 
inferred
 
arcs
slightly beyond
 
historically accepted
 
practices due to
 
consistent geological
 
settings.
 
The QPs have
again
 
elected
 
not
 
to
 
extend
 
arc
 
distances,
 
introducing
 
a
 
level
 
of
 
conservatism
 
in
 
measured
 
and
indicated coal classification.
Based on the data
 
review,
 
the attendant work
 
done to verify the data
 
integrity and the creation
 
of
an
 
independent
 
geologic model,
 
the
 
QPs
 
believe
 
this
 
is a
 
fair
 
and
 
accurate
 
representation
 
of the
Mon Valley coal resources.
12
 
Mineral Reserve Estimates
12.1
 
Assumptions, Parameters and Methodology
Coal Reserves are classified
 
as proven or probable
 
considering “modifying factors” including mining,
metallurgical, economic, marketing, legal,
 
environmental, social, and governmental
 
factors.
>
Proven
 
Coal
 
Reserves
 
are
 
the
 
economically
 
mineable
 
part
 
of
 
a
 
measured
 
coal
 
resource,
adjusted
 
for diluting
 
materials and
 
allowances for
 
losses when
 
the material
 
is mined.
 
It is
based
 
on
 
appropriate
 
assessment
 
and
 
studies
 
in
 
consideration
 
of
 
and
 
adjusted
 
for
reasonably
 
assumed
 
modifying
 
factors.
 
These
 
assessments
 
demonstrate
 
that
 
extraction
could be reasonably justified at the time of reporting.
 
>
Probable Coal
 
Reserves
 
are the
 
economically mineable
 
part of
 
an indicated
 
coal resource,
and
 
in
 
some circumstances
 
a
 
measured
 
coal
 
resource,
 
adjusted
 
for
 
diluting
 
materials
 
and
allowances for losses when
 
the material is
 
mined.
 
It is based
 
on appropriate assessment and
studies in
 
consideration of
 
and adjusted
 
for reasonably
 
assumed modifying factors.
 
These
assessments
 
demonstrate
 
that
 
extraction
 
could
 
be
 
reasonably
 
justified
 
at
 
the
 
time
 
of
reporting.
 
 
ex964p2i0
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
33
Upon completion of delineation
 
and calculation of coal
 
resources, MM&A generated a LOM plan
 
for
each of the projected
 
mines within the Mon Valley
 
Complex.
 
The footprint of
 
each reserve area
 
is
shown on the maps
 
in Appendix B.
 
The mine plans
 
were generated based on the forecast mine plan
and
 
permit
 
plan
 
provided
 
by
 
Coronado
 
with
 
modifications
 
by
 
MM&A
 
where
 
necessary
 
due
 
to
current
 
property
 
control
 
limits,
 
modifications
 
to
 
geologic
 
mapping,
 
or
 
other
 
factors
 
determined
during the evaluation.
Carlson Mining
 
software was
 
used to
 
generate
 
the LOM
 
plan for
 
Mon Valley.
 
The mine
 
plan was
sequenced
 
based
 
on
 
productivity
 
schedules
 
provided
 
by
 
Coronado.
 
MM&A
 
determined
 
the
productivity
 
estimates
 
and
 
plans
 
to
 
be
 
reasonable
 
based
 
on
 
experience
 
and
 
current
 
industry
practice.
At
 
the Mon
 
Valley
 
mines, a
 
minimum mining
 
height
 
of 1.4
 
meters
 
was
 
generally
 
used due
 
to the
continuous mining method
 
being employed;
 
however, Pangburn was mapped at
 
a 0.92-meter cutoff
in
 
conjunction
 
with
 
the
 
Coronado
 
mine
 
plan.
 
For
 
coal
 
seams
 
thinner
 
than
 
the
 
assigned
 
mining
height, the difference between the coal seam height and assigned mining height consists of out-of-
seam
 
dilution
 
(OSD).
 
Mine
 
recovery
 
generally
 
varies
 
between
 
40
 
percent
 
and
 
55
 
percent
 
for
continuous mining panels.
 
Plant recovery is
 
a function
 
of in-seam
 
recovery, OSD and plant efficiency
factor,
 
which is set at 95 percent.
 
Typical entry width is 5.8 meters.
Raw,
 
ROM
 
production
 
data
 
outputs
 
from
 
LOM
 
plan
 
sequencing
 
were
 
processed
 
into
 
Microsoft®
EXCEL spreadsheets
 
and summarized
 
on an
 
annual basis
 
for processing
 
into the
 
economic model.
 
Average seam densities were
 
estimated to determine raw
 
coal tonnes produced
 
from the LOM
 
plan.
 
Average mine recovery
 
and wash recovery factors were
 
applied to determine coal reserve tonnes.
 
Coal
 
reserve
 
tonnes
 
in
 
this
 
evaluation
 
are
 
reported
 
at
 
a
 
6.0
 
percent
 
moisture
 
and
 
represent
 
the
saleable product from the Property.
 
Pricing
 
data
 
as
 
provided
 
by
 
Coronado
 
is
 
described
 
in
 
Section
 
16.2.
 
The
 
pricing
 
data
 
assumes
 
a
blended HVB
 
domestic and
 
export FOB-mine
 
nominal price
 
of $164
 
per metric
 
tonne for
 
calendar
year
 
2029.
 
HVB
 
domestic
 
and
 
export
 
prices
 
respectively
 
are
 
increased
 
by
 
2%
 
annual
 
inflation
thereafter.
The coal resource mapping and estimation process, described in the report, was
 
used as a basis for
the coal reserve
 
estimate.
 
Proven and
 
probable coal
 
reserves were
 
derived from
 
the defined coal
resource
 
considering
 
relevant
 
processing,
 
economic
 
(including
 
technical
 
estimates
 
of
 
capital,
revenue, and cost), marketing, legal, environmental, socioeconomic, and regulatory factors and are
presented on a moist, recoverable
 
basis.
As is customary
 
in the USA, the categories
 
for proven
 
and probable coal reserves
 
are based on the
distances
 
from
 
valid
 
points
 
of
 
measurement
 
as
 
determined
 
by
 
the
 
QPs
 
for
 
the
 
area
 
under
consideration.
 
For this
 
evaluation, measured
 
resource, which
 
may convert
 
to a
 
proven reserve,
 
is
based on a 0.4-kilometer radius from a valid point of observation.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
34
Points
 
of observation
 
include exploration
 
drill holes,
 
degas holes,
 
and mine
 
measurements which
have been fully vetted
 
and processed into a
 
geologic model.
 
The geologic model is based on seam
depositional modeling, the
 
interrelationship of overlying and
 
underlying strata on seam mineability,
seam thickness trends,
 
the impact of seam
 
structure (i.e., faulting),
 
intra-seam characteristics,
 
etc.
 
Once
 
the
 
geologic
 
model
 
was
 
completed,
 
a
 
statistical
 
analysis,
 
described
 
in
 
Section
 
11.1.1
 
was
conducted
 
and
 
a
 
0.4-kilometer
 
radius
 
from
 
a
 
valid
 
point
 
of
 
observation
 
was
 
selected
 
to
 
define
Measured Resources.
 
Likewise,
 
the distance
 
between 0.4
 
and 1.2 of
 
a kilometer
 
radius was
 
selected to
 
define Indicated
Resources.
 
Indicated Resources may convert
 
to Probable Reserves
 
Inferred Resources (greater
 
than a 1.2-kilometer radius from a valid point of observation) are to be
excluded from Reserve consideration.
12.2
 
Qualified Person’s Estimates
Reserve tonnage
 
estimates provided
 
herein report
 
coal reserves
 
derived from
 
the in-situ resource
tons presented in
Table 11-3
, and not in addition to coal resources.
 
Coal reserves are presented on
a ROM basis in
Table
 
12-1
.
 
Proven and probable
 
coal reserves were
 
derived from the defined
 
coal
resource considering
 
relevant mining,
 
processing, infrastructure,
 
economic (including estimates
 
of
capital, revenue, and cost), marketing,
 
legal, environmental, socioeconomic and regulatory
 
factors.
 
The coal reserves, as shown in
Table 12-2
, are based on a technical evaluation of the geology and a
preliminary
 
feasibility
 
study
 
of
 
the
 
coal
 
deposits.
 
The
 
extent
 
to
 
which
 
the
 
coal
 
reserves
 
may
 
be
affected
 
by any
 
known environmental,
 
permitting, legal,
 
title, socioeconomic,
 
marketing, political,
or other relevant issues has been reviewed
 
rigorously.
 
Similarly, the extent
 
to which the estimates
of
 
coal
 
reserves
 
may
 
be
 
materially
 
affected
 
by
 
mining,
 
metallurgical,
 
infrastructure
 
and
 
other
relevant factors
 
has also been considered.
Table 12-1:
 
Coal Summary (ROM Basis (Moist)) as of December 31, 2023 (Mt)
Demonstrated Coal Reserves (Mt, Moist ROM)
By Reliability Category
By Mining Type
By Control Type
Quality (Dry)
Area / Mine
Proved
Probable
Total
Surface
UG
Owned
Leased
Ash
Sulfur
Vol
Mon Valley
113.9
83.2
197.1
0.0
197.1
195.7
1.4
37
1.4
23
Table 12-2:
 
Coal Reserves Summary (Marketable Sales Basis) as of December 31, 2023 (Mt)
Demonstrated Coal Reserves (Wet Ton
 
nes, Washed or Direct Shipped, Mt)
Quality (Dry Basis)
By Reliability Category
By Mining Type
By Control Type
Property
Proven
Probable
Total
Surface
UG
Owned
Leased
Ash%
Sulfur%
VM%
Mon Valley
77.8
56.6
134.4
0.0
134.4
133.4
1.0
8
1.4
35
 
Note: Marketable reserve tonnes are reported on a moist
 
basis, including a combination of
 
surface and inherent moisture.
 
The combination of
surface and inherent
 
moisture is
 
modeled at 6-percent.
 
Actual product
 
moisture is dependent
 
upon multiple geological
 
factors, operational
factors, and product contract
 
specifications and can exceed
 
8-percent.
 
As such, the modeled moisture
 
values provide a level
 
of conservatism
for reserve reporting.
The
 
results
 
of
 
this
 
TRS
 
define
 
an
 
estimated
 
134.4
 
Mt
 
of
 
proven
 
and
 
probable
 
marketable
 
coal
reserves.
 
Of that total, 58 percent are proven, and 42 percent are probable.
 
There are 133.4 Mt of
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
35
owned
 
coal
 
reserves
 
and
 
1.0
 
Mt
 
of
 
leased
 
coal
 
reserves.
 
All
 
of
 
the
 
Mon
 
Valley
 
reserves
 
are
considered
 
to
 
be
 
suitable
 
for
 
the
 
metallurgical
 
coal
 
market.
 
All
 
of
 
the
 
Mon
 
Valley
 
reserves
 
are
unassigned.
12.3
 
Qualified Person’s Opinion
The
 
estimate
 
of coal
 
reserves was
 
determined
 
in accordance
 
with the
 
JORC
 
Code along
 
with SEC
Regulation S-K 1300.
The LOM
 
mining plans
 
for Mon
 
Valley
 
were prepared
 
to the
 
level of
 
preliminary feasibility.
 
Mine
projections
 
were
 
prepared,
 
and
 
timing
 
scheduled
 
to
 
match
 
production
 
with
 
coal
 
seam
characteristics.
 
Production timing
 
was carried
 
out from
 
current locations
 
to depletion
 
of the
 
coal
reserve
 
area.
 
Coal reserve
 
estimates
 
could be
 
materially
 
affected
 
by the
 
risk factors
 
described in
Section 22.2.
Based on the Preliminary Feasibility Study
 
and the attendant Economic Review, the QPs believe this
is a fair and accurate calculation of the Mon Valley
 
coal reserves.
13
 
Mining Methods
Three separate underground mine areas were modeled and tested economically
 
for the Mon Valley
Complex.
 
Once the Resources were calculated,
 
mine plans were created to
 
project operating each
resource
 
area to
 
depletion, with
 
crews
 
and equipment
 
scheduled to
 
move
 
to
 
subsequent
 
mining
areas as depletion occurs.
 
Underground mine operations are projected to
 
be exhausted in 2101.
13.1
 
Geotech and Hydrology
Mining
 
plans
 
for
 
potential
 
underground
 
mines
 
were
 
developed
 
by
 
Coronado
 
and
 
MM&A.
 
Pillar
stability
 
was
 
tested
 
by
 
MM&A
 
using the
 
Analysis
 
of
 
Coal
 
Pillar
 
Stability
 
(ACPS)
 
program
 
that
 
was
developed by the
National Institute for Occupational Safety and
 
Health (
NIOSH
)
.
 
MM&A reviewed
the results from the ACPS analysis and considered them in the development of the LOM plan.
Hydrology is not
 
expected to be
 
an issue of concern at
 
Mon Valley.
 
Extensive mining has occurred
in the Pittsburgh seam,
 
183 meters above the Upper
 
Freeport horizon.
 
The Upper Freeport coal
 
has
been mined
 
in the
 
region—based on
 
successful historical
 
mining in
 
comparable
 
geologic settings,
material impacts related to hydrology
 
are not anticipated to be of concern.
13.2
 
Production Rates
The Mon Valley Complex is not
 
yet active, with three
 
distinct mines and preparation plants
 
planned.
 
The
 
mine
 
plan
 
and
 
productivity
 
expectations
 
reflect
 
historical
 
performance
 
of
 
similar
 
operations
and efforts have been made to adjust the
 
plan to reflect future conditions.
 
MM&A is confident that
the mine plan
 
is reasonably representative to provide
 
an accurate estimation of
 
coal reserves.
 
Mine
development and operation has not been optimized within the TRS.
 
 
ex964p2i0
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
36
Production
 
is
 
scheduled
 
for
 
approximately
 
273
 
days
 
each
 
year,
 
which
 
represents
 
production
 
on
Monday through
 
Friday plus
 
every other
 
Saturday with
 
allowances for
 
holidays.
 
On each day,
 
the
continuous mining sections
 
are scheduled to
 
produce coal on
 
two shifts; the third
 
shift is reserved
for
 
maintenance
 
and
 
mine
 
conveyor
 
belt
 
and
 
power
 
moves.
 
The
 
sections
 
are
 
configured
 
as
 
full
super sections with
 
two continuous
 
miners per
 
section.
 
Productivity is
 
planned at
 
the rate
 
of 272
meters of advance per shift for the super sections.
Carlson Mining software was used
 
by MM&A to generate mine plans
 
for the underground mineable
coal
 
seam.
 
Mine
 
plans
 
were
 
sequenced
 
based
 
on
 
productivity
 
schedules
 
provided
 
by
 
Coronado,
which
 
were
 
based
 
on
 
historically
 
achieved
 
productivity
 
levels.
 
All
 
production
 
forecasting
 
ties
assumed production rates
 
to geological models as
 
constructed by MM&A’s
 
team of geologists
 
and
mining engineers.
As shown in
Table
 
13-1
, the areas
 
planned for
 
underground mines
 
produce coal
 
until 2101.
 
Clean
coal production varies directly with coal thickness.
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
37
Table 13-1:
 
Production Summary by Mine by Year (Tonnes
 
x 1,000)
Mine Name
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
Pangburn
0
399
1,810
1,875
1,958
2,029
2,030
1,695
Fallowfield
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Shaner
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
367
 
Total
0
399
1,810
1,875
1,958
2,029
2,030
2,062
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mine Name
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
Pangburn
1,339
637
603
0
0
0
0
0
Fallowfield
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Shaner
620
1,125
1,763
1,804
1,724
1,717
1,641
1,719
 
Total
1,960
1,762
2,366
1,804
1,724
1,717
1,641
1,719
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mine Name
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
Pangburn
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Fallowfield
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Shaner
1,657
1,582
1,704
1,656
1,732
1,702
1,596
1,642
 
Total
1,657
1,582
1,704
1,656
1,732
1,702
1,596
1,642
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mine Name
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
Pangburn
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Fallowfield
0
0
859
1,786
2,010
1,999
1,987
1,820
Shaner
1,750
1,751
1,750
1,796
1,723
1,839
1,775
1,674
 
Total
1,750
1,751
2,609
3,582
3,732
3,839
3,762
3,494
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mine Name
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
Pangburn
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Fallowfield
1,657
1,855
1,893
1,900
1,869
1,862
1,707
1,783
Shaner
1,733
1,605
1,504
1,067
957
610
612
395
 
Total
3,390
3,460
3,398
2,967
2,826
2,472
2,318
2,178
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mine Name
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
Pangburn
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Fallowfield
1,496
2,041
1,993
1,822
1,903
1,864
1,911
1,708
Shaner
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
 
Total
1,496
2,041
1,993
1,822
1,903
1,864
1,911
1,708
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mine Name
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
Pangburn
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Fallowfield
1,931
1,757
1,563
2,034
1,423
2,073
1,485
1,798
Shaner
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
 
Total
1,931
1,757
1,563
2,034
1,423
2,073
1,485
1,798
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mine Name
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
Pangburn
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Fallowfield
1,340
1,684
1,466
1,808
1,184
1,485
1,462
1,584
Shaner
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
 
Total
1,340
1,684
1,466
1,808
1,184
1,485
1,462
1,584
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Mine Name
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
Pangburn
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Fallowfield
1,229
1,570
1,590
1,277
813
356
0
0
Shaner
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
 
Total
1,229
1,570
1,590
1,277
813
356
0
0
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
38
13.3
 
Mining Related Requirements
A mine plan with
 
sequenced mining projections was prepared for each logical
 
mining unit.
 
For each
mine
 
plan,
 
the
 
appropriate
 
number
 
of
 
production
 
units
 
is
 
selected
 
for
 
the
 
resource
 
area,
 
and
 
a
productivity
 
level
 
assigned,
 
expressed
 
in
 
meters
 
of
 
advance
 
per
 
unit-shift
 
of
 
production.
 
The
productivity is
 
based on
 
the equipment
 
and personnel
 
configuration,
 
mining height
 
and expected
physical conditions.
13.4
 
Required Equipment and Personnel
Production
 
from
 
the proposed
 
Mon Valley
 
Complex
 
mines will
 
be conducted
 
using the
 
room
 
and
pillar method,
 
utilizing continuous miners
 
and haulage
 
using shuttle cars
 
to a
 
feeder-breaker located
at the
 
tail of
 
the section
 
conveyor
 
belt.
 
The feeder-breaker
 
crushes large
 
pieces of
 
coal and
 
rock
and regulates coal feed onto the mine conveyor.
 
Roof-bolting machines will be used to support
 
the
roof
 
on the
 
continuous miner
 
sections.
 
Roof-bolting
 
machines are
 
used to
 
install
 
roof
 
bolts,
 
and
battery scoops are available to clean the
 
mine entries and assist
 
in delivery of mine
 
supplies to work
areas.
 
Other
 
supplemental
 
equipment,
 
such
 
as
 
personnel
 
carriers,
 
supply
 
vehicles,
 
etc.,
 
are
 
also
planned to be used daily.
Mine conveyors typically range in width
 
up to 1.5
 
meters.
 
Multiple belt flights
 
are arranged in series
to deliver raw coal to the underground storage.
 
Along the main and sub-main entries and panels, a
travel way
 
will be provided
 
for personnel
 
and materials by
 
rubber-tired equipment
 
or on rail.
 
The
Mon
 
Valley
 
mines
 
will
 
use
 
conveyors
 
to
 
transport
 
ROM
 
coal
 
from
 
the
 
underground
 
production
sections to the surface
 
where the coal may
 
be sampled, crushed, washed in
 
the preparation plant,
and stockpiled to await shipment.
 
Surface ventilation
 
fans are planned
 
to be installed
 
as needed to provide
 
a sufficient volume
 
of air
to ventilate
 
production sections, coal haulage
 
and transport entries, battery
 
charging stations, and
transformers in accordance with approved
 
plans.
 
High-voltage cables will deliver
 
power throughout
the
 
mine
 
where
 
transformers
 
reduce
 
voltage
 
for
 
specific
 
equipment
 
requirements.
 
The
 
Mine
Improvement
 
and
 
New
 
Emergency
 
Response
 
Act
 
of
 
2006
 
(MINER
 
Act)
 
requires
 
that
 
carbon
monoxide
 
detection
 
systems
 
be install
 
ed along
 
mine
 
conveyor
 
belts
 
and that
 
electronic
 
two-way
tracking
 
and
 
communications
 
systems
 
be
 
installed
 
throughout
 
underground
 
mines.
 
Water
 
is
required
 
to
 
control
 
dust
 
at
 
production
 
sections
 
and
 
along
 
conveyor
 
belts,
 
and
 
to
 
cool
 
electric
motors.
 
Water
 
is available
 
from nearby
 
sources and
 
is distributed
 
within the mine
 
by pipelines as
required.
13.4.1
 
Mine:
 
Pangburn
The Pangburn mine is proposed to start in
 
2033 with three continuous mining sections.
 
The Upper
Freeport
 
seam
 
will
 
be
 
accessed
 
via
 
decline
 
slope
 
and
 
vertical
 
shaft.
 
This
 
mine
 
will
 
produce
metallurgical coal from leased and owned mineral.
Production
 
is
 
scheduled
 
for
 
approximately
 
273
 
days
 
each
 
year,
 
which
 
represents
 
production
 
on
Monday
 
through
 
Friday
 
and
 
every
 
other
 
Saturday.
 
On
 
each
 
day,
 
three
 
production
 
sections
 
are
 
 
ex964p2i0
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
39
scheduled
 
to
 
produce
 
coal
 
on
 
two
 
shifts;
 
the
 
third
 
shift
 
is
 
reserved
 
for
 
maintenance
 
and
 
mine
conveyor belt and
 
power moves.
 
Each section
 
is configured as
 
full supersection
 
with two
 
continuous
miners available
 
for production.
 
Productivity is
 
planned at
 
the rate
 
of 272
 
meters of
 
advance per
shift for the super sections.
 
A total of 203 employees are assigned to the mine.
Principal production equipment on
 
each section includes two continuous
 
miners, two roof
 
bolters,
four
 
shuttle cars,
 
and two
 
scoops.
 
Coal is
 
planned to
 
be extracted
 
from the
 
production face
 
with
the continuous
 
miner and
 
hauled to
 
the mine
 
conveyor
 
in shuttle
 
cars.
 
At
 
the conveyor
 
belt, the
coal will be discharged
 
from the shuttle
 
cars onto a
 
feeder breaker
 
for transfer
 
onto the conveyor.
 
The
 
conveyors
 
will
 
carry
 
the
 
coal
 
outside,
 
where
 
it
 
is
 
planned
 
to
 
be
 
transported
 
via
 
overland
conveyor
 
to
 
the
 
proposed
 
Pangburn
 
preparation
 
plant
 
and
 
barge
 
load-out
 
on
 
the
 
Monongahela
River.
 
Rail access is expected to be provided by a CSX rail line.
The proposed Pangburn mine will be located approximately 1.6 kilometers south of the community
of Elizabeth,
 
Pennsylvania.
 
Main paved
 
roads exist
 
both east
 
and west
 
of the
 
site.
 
The proposed
dock, located on the western boundary of the
 
proposed Pangburn permit area, is currently used for
bulk material transshipment.
 
The area has hosted
 
both industrial and residential
 
development for
an
 
extensive
 
time
 
period.
 
No
 
extraordinary
 
measures
 
or
 
expenses
 
will
 
be
 
required
 
to
 
establish
infrastructure or utilities at the Pangburn site.
 
The
 
preliminary
 
design
 
for
 
the
 
Pangburn
 
mine
 
surface
 
facilities
 
was
 
provided
 
by
 
Coronado.
 
The
facilities include offices, warehouses,
 
shops, and a bathhouse for personnel;
 
a preparation plant to
process ROM coal;
 
a refuse area
 
with a
 
designed capacity of
 
approximately 35 million refuse tonnes;
raw coal storage at the plant totaling
 
approximated 100,000 tonnes, clean coal storage
 
at the plant
site of
 
approximately
 
54,000 tonnes,
 
and three
 
clean coal
 
stockpiles adjacent
 
to the
 
dock loading
facility
 
on
 
the
 
Monongahela
 
River.
 
The
 
three
 
river
 
stockpiles
 
have
 
a
 
designed
 
capacity
 
of
approximately 266,000 tonnes.
A
 
study
 
completed
 
and
 
approved
 
through
 
the
 
Pennsylvania
 
Department
 
of
 
Environmental
Protection
 
on
 
behalf
 
of
 
Coronado
 
has
 
identified
 
a
 
Preferred
 
Site
 
for
 
refuse
 
disposal
 
at
 
Pangburn
with
 
capacity
 
of
 
22.6 million
 
cubic
 
meters.
 
MM&A’s
 
estimated
 
requirements
 
for
 
Pangburn
 
and
Shaner combined is 29.7 million tonnes or approximately 13.2 million cubic meters.
The preliminary design layout of the Pangburn facilities is shown
Figure 13-1.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
ex964p48i1
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
40
Figure 13-1:
 
Proposed Pangburn Plant and Mine Site Infrastructure
13.4.2
 
Mine: Shaner
The
 
Shaner
 
mine
 
is
 
a
 
proposed
 
mine
 
in
 
the
 
Upper
 
Freeport
 
seam
 
and
 
is
 
scheduled
 
to
 
begin
production in 2039 as the Pangburn reserve is depleted.
 
This mine is a metallurgical coal operation
on leased and owned mineral property.
Production
 
is
 
scheduled
 
for
 
approximately
 
273
 
days
 
each
 
year,
 
which
 
represents
 
production
 
on
Monday
 
through
 
Friday
 
and
 
every
 
other
 
Saturday.
 
On
 
each
 
day,
 
three
 
production
 
sections
 
are
scheduled
 
to
 
produce
 
coal
 
on
 
two
 
shifts;
 
the
 
third
 
shift
 
is
 
reserved
 
for
 
maintenance
 
and
 
mine
conveyor
 
belt
 
and
 
power
 
moves.
 
All
 
three
 
sections
 
are
 
full
 
super
 
sections
 
with
 
two
 
continuous
miners per
 
section.
 
Productivity is
 
planned at
 
the rate
 
of 272
 
meters of
 
advance per
 
shift for
 
the
super sections.
 
A total of 203 employees are assigned to the mine.
Principal production equipment per section includes two continuous miners,
 
two roof bolters, four
shuttle
 
cars,
 
and two
 
scoops.
 
Coal is
 
planned to
 
be extracted
 
from
 
the production
 
face
 
with the
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
41
continuous miner
 
and hauled to
 
the mine conveyor
 
in shuttle
 
cars.
 
At the
 
conveyor belt,
 
the coal
will be
 
discharged onto
 
a feeder
 
breaker
 
for transfer
 
onto the
 
conveyor.
 
The conveyors
 
will carry
the coal to the outside and to the proposed preparation
 
plant and load-out.
The Shaner
 
mine will
 
be located approximately 1.6
 
kilometers north of
 
the community
 
of Sutersville,
Pennsylvania,
 
between
 
the
 
Youghiogheny
 
and
 
Monongahela
 
Rivers.
 
Numerous
 
improved
 
roads
traverse the Property.
 
An additional shaft
 
and slope will
 
be required to access
 
Upper Freeport seam
reserves
 
west of
 
the Monongahela
 
River,
 
accessed across
 
the 1st
 
Street bridge
 
and Douglass
 
Run
Road.
 
The
 
immediate
 
vicinity
 
of
 
the
 
proposed
 
Shaner
 
surface
 
facilities
 
is
 
well
 
developed;
 
no
extraordinary
 
measures
 
or
 
expenses
 
will be
 
required
 
to
 
establish
 
infrastructure
 
or utilities
 
at
 
the
Fallowfield
 
site.
 
Due
 
to
 
the
 
projected
 
starting
 
date
 
for
 
the
 
Shaner
 
mine,
 
no
 
detailed
 
design
 
of
infrastructure or
 
surface facilities has
 
been completed to date.
 
The proposed mines are
 
located in
the
 
Appalachian
 
Basin,
 
which
 
has
 
an
 
extensive
 
history
 
(>100
 
years)
 
of
 
coal
 
mining.
 
There
 
is
 
a
sufficient population base
 
within commuting
 
distance of
 
the proposed
 
operations; no Camp
 
or Town
construction
 
will
 
be
 
required.
 
Mine
 
opening
 
capital
 
expenditures
 
are
 
included
 
in
 
the
 
MM&A
financial model.
Due to the projected start-up
 
date of the Shaner
 
mine, no permit work
 
has been completed to date.
 
The proposed mine
 
is located in
 
an area with
 
a long
 
history of coal
 
mining, with
 
numerous permitted
operations in close proximity.
 
Coal mining permits are routinely obtained in this region; a 2-year to
3-year
 
lead time
 
is recommended.
 
Estimated
 
expenditures for
 
mine closure
 
and site
 
reclamation
are included in the financial model for each mine or plant site.
Infrastructure for Shaner will resemble that
 
shown in Figure 13-1 for Pangburn.
13.4.3
 
Mine: Fallowfield
The
 
Fallowfield
 
mine
 
is
 
proposed
 
to
 
start
 
in
 
2058
 
with
 
three
 
production
 
sections.
 
The
 
Upper
Freeport
 
seam
 
will
 
be
 
accessed
 
via
 
a
 
decline
 
slope
 
and
 
vertical
 
shaft.
 
This
 
mine
 
will
 
be
 
a
metallurgical coal operation on leased and owned mineral
 
property.
Production
 
is
 
scheduled
 
for
 
approximately
 
273
 
days
 
each
 
year,
 
which
 
represents
 
production
 
on
Monday
 
through
 
Friday
 
and
 
every
 
other
 
Saturday.
 
On
 
each
 
day,
 
three
 
production
 
sections
 
are
scheduled
 
to
 
produce
 
coal
 
on
 
two
 
shifts;
 
the
 
third
 
shift
 
is
 
reserved
 
for
 
maintenance
 
and
 
mine
conveyor belt and power
 
moves.
 
The sections are
 
configured as super sections
 
with two continuous
miners available
 
for production.
 
Productivity is
 
planned at
 
the rate
 
of 272
 
meters of
 
advance per
shift of operation.
 
A total of 203 employees are assigned to the mine.
Principal production equipment includes
 
two continuous miners, two roof bolters, four shuttle
 
cars,
and
 
two
 
scoops.
 
Coal
 
is
 
planned
 
to
 
be
 
extracted
 
from
 
the
 
production
 
face
 
with
 
the
 
continuous
miner
 
and
 
hauled
 
to
 
the
 
mine
 
conveyor
 
in
 
shuttle
 
cars.
 
At
 
the
 
conveyor
 
belt,
 
the
 
coal
 
will
 
be
discharged
 
from
 
the
 
shuttle
 
cars
 
onto
 
a
 
feeder
 
breaker
 
for
 
transfer
 
onto
 
the
 
conveyor.
 
The
conveyors
 
will
 
carry
 
the
 
coal
 
outside,
 
where
 
it
 
is
 
transported
 
to
 
the
 
proposed
 
Fallowfield
preparation plant and truck load-out via overland conveyor.
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
42
The
 
Fallowfield
 
property
 
boundary
 
is
 
traversed
 
by
 
the
 
four-lane
 
limited-access
 
Mon-Fayette
Expressway in addition
 
to numerous improved
 
roads.
 
Previous mining and
 
coal preparation facilities
have
 
existed
 
in
 
the
 
immediate
 
vicinity
 
of
 
the
 
proposed
 
Fallowfield
 
surface
 
facilities.
 
No
extraordinary
 
measures
 
or
 
expenses
 
will be
 
required
 
to
 
establish
 
infrastructure
 
or utilities
 
at
 
the
Fallowfield site.
 
Due to the
 
projected starting
 
date for
 
the Fallowfield
 
mine, no detailed
 
design of
infrastructure or
 
surface facilities has
 
been completed to date.
 
The proposed mines are
 
located in
the Appalachian
 
Basin, which
 
has an
 
extensive history (greater than
 
100 years) of
 
coal mining.
 
There
is a sufficient population
 
base within commuting distance
 
of the proposed operations;
 
no Camp or
Town
 
construction will be required.
 
Mine opening capital expenditures are
 
included in the MM&A
financial model.
Due to the projected
 
start-up date of
 
the Fallowfield mine, no permit
 
work has been completed
 
to
date.
 
The proposed
 
mine is
 
located
 
in an
 
area with
 
a long
 
history of
 
coal mining,
 
with numerous
permitted
 
operations
 
in
 
close
 
proximity.
 
Coal
 
mining
 
permits
 
are
 
routinely
 
obtained;
 
a
 
two-
 
to
three-year
 
lead
 
time
 
is
 
recommended.
 
Estimated
 
expenditures
 
for
 
mine
 
closure
 
and
 
site
reclamation are included in the financial model for each mine or plant site.
Infrastructure for Fallowfield
 
will resemble that shown in Figure 13-1 for Pangburn.
14
 
Processing and Recovery Methods
14.1
 
Description or Flowsheet
Due
 
to
 
the
 
projected
 
starting
 
date
 
for
 
the
 
Mon
 
Valley
 
Complex,
 
only
 
preliminary
 
design
 
of
preparation
 
plant
 
or
 
associated
 
material
 
handling
 
facilities
 
has
 
been
 
initiated
 
to
 
date.
 
Coal
processing
 
is
 
a
 
well
 
understood
 
science—it
 
is
 
anticipated
 
that
 
typical
 
coal
 
sizing,
 
cleaning
 
and
dewatering
 
equipment
 
will
 
be
 
utilized
 
for
 
processing
 
of
 
run-of-mine
 
coal
 
at
 
Pangburn,
 
including
combinations of
 
vibratory screens,
 
classifying cyclones, heavy
 
media baths, heavy
 
media cyclones,
spirals,
 
froth
 
flotation,
 
and
 
drain-and-rinse
 
screens,
 
screen-bowl
 
centrifuges,
 
among
 
others.
 
No
novel technologies will be required to process run-of-mine
 
material.
 
14.2
 
Requirements for Energy,
 
Water,
 
Material and Personnel
The Mon Valley property has sources
 
of water,
 
power,
 
personnel, and supplies readily available for
use.
 
Personnel
 
have
 
historically
 
been
 
sourced
 
from
 
the
 
surrounding
 
communities
 
in
 
Allegheny,
Washington, and
 
Westmoreland Counties, and have
 
proven to be adequate
 
in numbers to operate
the mines.
 
As mining is common in the surrounding
 
areas, the workforce
 
is generally familiar
 
with
mining practices, and
 
many are experienced
 
miners.
 
Water is
 
expected to be
 
sourced locally from
nearby public
 
water
 
sources or
 
rivers.
 
Electricity is
 
anticipated
 
to be
 
sourced from
 
West
 
Penn or
Duquesne
 
Light.
 
The
 
service
 
industry
 
in
 
the
 
areas
 
surrounding
 
the
 
proposed
 
mine
 
complex
 
has
historically
 
provided
 
supplies,
 
equipment
 
repairs
 
and
 
fabrication,
 
etc.
 
Barge
 
transport
 
on
 
the
Monongahela River/Ohio River
 
system will
 
serve as the main means
 
of product transport from
 
the
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
43
mine,
 
and
 
currently
 
serve
 
as
 
a
 
means
 
of
 
coal
 
transportation
 
for
 
neighboring
 
Pittsburgh
 
seam
operations.
15
 
Infrastructure
Due
 
to
 
the
 
projected
 
starting
 
date
 
for
 
the
 
Mon
 
Valley
 
mines,
 
only
 
conceptual
 
design
 
of
infrastructure and surface facilities has been completed
 
to date.
 
The proposed Pangburn mine will be located approximately 1.6 kilometers south of the community
of Elizabeth, PA.
 
Main paved roads exist both
 
east and west of
 
the site.
 
The proposed dock, located
on the western boundary of the proposed Pangburn permit area, is currently used for bulk material
transhipment.
 
The area
 
has hosted
 
both industrial
 
and residential
 
development
 
for
 
an extensive
time period.
 
No extraordinary measures or expenses will be
 
required to establish infrastructure
 
or
utilities at the Pangburn site.
 
The Shaner
 
mine will
 
be located approximately 1.6
 
kilometers north of
 
the community
 
of Sutersville,
PA,
 
between the Youghiogheny
 
and Monongahela Rivers.
 
Numerous improved
 
roads traverse
 
the
Property.
 
An additional
 
shaft and
 
slope will
 
be required
 
to access
 
Upper Freeport
 
seam reserves
west of the Monongahela River,
 
accessed across the 1st Street bridge and Douglass Run Road.
 
The
immediate
 
vicinity
 
of
 
the
 
proposed
 
Shaner
 
surface
 
facilities
 
is
 
well
 
developed;
 
no
 
extraordinary
measures or expenses will be required to establish
 
infrastructure or utilities at the Shaner site.
The
 
Fallowfield
 
property
 
boundary
 
is
 
traversed
 
by
 
the
 
4-lane
 
limited-access
 
Mon-Fayette
Expressway in addition
 
to numerous improved
 
roads.
 
Previous mining and
 
coal preparation facilities
have
 
existed
 
in
 
the
 
immediate
 
vicinity
 
of
 
the
 
proposed
 
Fallowfield
 
surface
 
facilities.
 
No
extraordinary
 
measures
 
or
 
expenses
 
will be
 
required
 
to
 
establish
 
infrastructure
 
or utilities
 
at
 
the
Fallowfield site.
 
Due to the
 
projected starting
 
date for
 
the Fallowfield
 
mine, no detailed
 
design of
infrastructure or surface facil
 
ities has been completed to date.
 
A CSX
 
rail line
 
and loadout on
 
the Monongahela
 
River as
 
well as
 
barge transportation
 
on the
 
river
are expected to serve as the primary means of transport for produced coal.
 
16
 
Market Studies
16.1
 
Market Description
The quality
 
characteristics for
 
the subject
 
coal resources
 
and coal
 
reserves have
 
been reviewed
 
in
detail
 
by MM&A.
 
The drill
 
hole data
 
were
 
utilized to
 
develop
 
average
 
coal quality
 
characteristics
for
 
the mining
 
site.
 
These average
 
coal
 
quality characteristics
 
were
 
then utilized
 
as the
 
basis for
determining the various markets into which the saleable coal will likely
 
be placed.
 
The projected quality specifications for the Mon Valley
 
products are as shown in
Table 16-1.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
44
Table 16-1:
 
Quality Specifications by Product
HVB
Moisture (%)
7.50
Ash (%)
7.50
Sulfur (%)
1.2
Volatile Matter (%)
35
Btu/lb.
N/A
Fluidity (ddpm)
26,000
MMR (%)
0.98
CSR
55
FSI
7.50
Note:
 
All Specs are dry basis except
 
Moisture.
 
Life-of-mine sulfur for Pangburn
 
is an estimated 1.21%; however,
 
overall Mon Valley
 
Complex
reserve average is 1.36% sulfur.
All of the mine production is projected to serve the metallurgical markets.
 
The metallurgical coal is
marketed
 
as a
 
high-volatile (typically
 
greater
 
than 31
 
percent
 
volatile matter
 
content) product
 
on
both the domestic and export markets.
16.2
 
Price Forecasts
Coronado provided MM&A with price forecasts
 
for its proposed Mon Valley
 
operations in terms of
year-end 2024
 
(January) real
 
dollars.1
 
MM&A applied
 
a 2% annual
 
inflation rate
 
to the
 
Coronado
price forecast
 
in order
 
to estimate
 
revenues
 
in nominal
 
dollars.
 
Customer
 
coal
 
pricing is
 
derived
from
 
market
 
observed
 
forward
 
estimates
 
based on
 
global economic
 
supply and
 
demand
 
analysis
which is applied to mine plan sales volumes and product mix and is supplemented with Coronado’s
in-house
 
knowledge
 
of
 
applicable
 
rail
 
transportation
 
charges,
 
ocean
 
freight
 
charges
 
and
 
port
charges.
 
MM&A
 
extrapolated
 
the
 
provided
 
data
 
for
 
the
 
greenfield
 
Mon
 
Valley
 
operations.
 
Concurrent with aforementioned quality parameters
 
in the preceding section, production from the
proposed operations
 
is assumed to
 
be sold in
 
high volatile
 
domestic and export
 
coal markets
 
with
respective
 
percentages
 
of
 
66
 
percent
 
and
 
34
 
percent.
 
The
 
pricing
 
data
 
assumes
 
a
 
blended
 
HVB
domestic and export FOB-mine nominal
 
price of $164
 
per metric tonne
 
for calendar year 2029.
 
HVB
domestic and export prices respectively are increased by 2% annual inflation thereafter.
16.3
 
Contract Requirements
Some contracts are necessary for successful marketing of the
 
coal.
 
For Mon Valley, since all mining,
preparation
 
and marketing
 
is expected
 
to be done
 
in-house, the remaining
 
contracts
 
required will
be:
>
Transportation
 
– The Mine is expected
 
to contract with
 
barge transportation
 
companies or
with
 
CSX
 
Railroad
 
to
 
transport
 
the
 
coal
 
to
 
either
 
of
 
the
 
domestic
 
customers
 
ports
 
for
overseas shipments.
>
Handling
 
 
Contracts
 
for
 
loading
 
vessels
 
for
 
export
 
sales
 
will
 
be
 
necessary.
 
These
 
are
expected to be handled by annual negotiations based on projected shipments.
1 The Coronado pricing forecast was provided to
 
MM&A in real 2024 (January) dollars based on
sales price information from AME Group adjusted for
 
transportation costs to an FOB Mine basis.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
45
>
Sales
 
– Sales
 
contracts are expected to
 
be a
 
mix of
 
spot and
 
contract sales.
 
With the
 
volatility
of the market, long-term contracts are
 
not expected to be written.
17
 
Environmental Studies, Permitting
 
and Plans,
Negotiations or Agreements with Local Individuals
 
17.1
 
Results of Studies
MM&A
 
is not
 
aware
 
of any
 
Phase
 
I Environmental
 
Site
 
Assessment
 
(ESA)
 
completed
 
on the
 
Mon
Valley property on behalf
 
of Coronado.
 
Coronado reports not
 
having conducted such
 
a study.
 
Based
on our experience
 
with Coronado,
 
it is the
 
QPs’ opinion that
 
Coronado has a
 
generally typical
 
coal
industry
 
record
 
of
 
compliance
 
with
 
applicable
 
mining,
 
water
 
quality,
 
and
 
environmental
 
laws.
 
Estimated
 
costs
 
for
 
mine closure,
 
including water
 
quality monitoring
 
during site
 
reclamation,
 
are
included in the financial models.
17.2
 
Requirements and Plans for Waste
 
Disposal
A
 
study
 
completed
 
on
 
behalf
 
of
 
Coronado
 
has
 
identified
 
a
 
Preferred
 
Site
 
for
 
refuse
 
disposal
 
at
Pangburn
 
with
 
capacity
 
of
 
22.6 million
 
cubic
 
meters.
 
Estimated
 
requirements
 
for
 
Pangburn
 
and
Shaner combined is 29.7 million tonnes or approximately
 
13.2 million cubic meters.
 
Permitting for
such a facility is anticipated to be achievable.
17.3
 
Permit Requirements and Status
All
 
mining
 
operations
 
are
 
subject
 
to
 
federal
 
and
 
state
 
laws
 
and
 
must
 
obtain
 
permits
 
to
 
operate
mines, coal preparation and related facilities,
 
haul roads, and other incidental surface disturbances
necessary for
 
mining to
 
occur.
 
Permits
 
generally
 
require
 
that
 
the
 
permittee
 
post
 
a
 
performance
bond in
 
an amount
 
established by the
 
regulatory program to provide
 
assurance that any
 
disturbance
or liability
 
created during
 
mining operations
 
is properly
 
restored
 
to an
 
approved post-mining
 
land
use and
 
that all
 
regulations and
 
requirements
 
of the
 
permits are
 
fully satisfied
 
before
 
the bond
 
is
returned
 
to
 
the
 
permittee.
 
Significant
 
penalties
 
exist
 
for
 
any
 
permittee
 
who
 
fails
 
to
 
meet
 
the
obligations
 
of
 
the
 
permits
 
including
 
cessation
 
of
 
mining
 
operations,
 
which
 
can
 
lead
 
to
 
potential
forfeiture
 
of the bond.
 
Any company,
 
and its directors,
 
owners, and
 
officers, which
 
are subject to
bond forfeiture can be denied future permits under the program.
 
2
The refuse disposal
 
area will receive
 
combined coarse refuse
 
from the proposed
 
preparation plant
by conveyor belts.
 
The fine material will be
 
processed by filter press technology where the
 
majority
of the water is removed.
 
The filter cake material will be placed on the refuse conveyor
 
for disposal
with the coarse portion of the refuse material.
2 Monitored under the Applicant Violator System
 
(AVS) by the Federal
 
Office of Surface Mining.
 
 
ex964p2i0
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
46
New permits
 
or permit
 
revisions will occasionally
 
be necessary
 
to facilitate the
 
expansion or
 
addition
of new
 
mining areas
 
on the
 
properties, such
 
as amendments
 
to existing
 
permits and
 
new permits
for mining
 
of reserve
 
areas.
 
Exploration permits
 
are also
 
required.
 
Property under
 
lease includes
provisions
 
for
 
exploration
 
among
 
the
 
terms
 
of
 
the
 
lease.
 
New
 
or
 
modified
 
mining
 
permits
 
are
subject
 
to
 
a
 
public
 
advertisement
 
process
 
and
 
comment
 
period,
 
and
 
the
 
public
 
is
 
provided
 
an
opportunity
 
to
 
raise
 
objections
 
to
 
any
 
proposed
 
mining
 
operation.
 
MM&A
 
is
 
not
 
aware
 
of
 
any
specific
 
prohibition
 
of
 
mining
 
on
 
the
 
subject
 
property
 
and
 
given
 
sufficient
 
time
 
and
 
planning,
Coronado should
 
be able
 
to secure
 
new permits
 
to maintain
 
its planned mining
 
operations within
the context
 
of current
 
regulations.
 
Portions of
 
the properties are
 
located near
 
local communities.
 
Regulations prohibit
 
mining activities within 91
 
meters of a
 
residential dwelling, school,
 
church, or
similar structure
 
unless written
 
consent is
 
first obtained
 
from the
 
owner of
 
the structure.
 
Where
required, such consents
 
have been obtained
 
where mining is
 
proposed beyond the
 
regulatory limits.
MM&A
 
is
 
unaware
 
of
 
any
 
obvious
 
or
 
current
 
Coronado
 
permitting
 
issues
 
that
 
are
 
expected
 
to
prevent the issuance of future
 
permits.
 
Coronado, along with all
 
coal producers, is subject to
 
a level
of uncertainty regarding future clean
 
water permits due to
United States Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) and United States
 
Fish and Wildlife (
USFW
)
 
involvement with state programs.
 
17.4
 
Local Plans, Negotiations or Agreements
MM&A found
 
no indication
 
of requirements
 
for agreements
 
beyond the
 
scope of Federal
 
or State
Regulations.
MM&A identified
 
local zoning
 
requirements from Forward
 
Township in Allegheny County
 
for surface
areas of
 
the proposed
 
Pangburn mine.
 
Additionally,
 
local floodplain
 
permits and building
 
permits
will be required.
17.5
 
Mine Closure Plans
Applicable
 
regulations
 
require
 
that
 
mines
 
be
 
properly
 
closed,
 
and
 
reclamation
 
commenced
immediately
 
upon
 
abandonment.
 
In
 
general,
 
site
 
reclamation
 
includes
 
removal
 
of
 
structures,
backfilling, regrading, and revegetation of disturbed areas.
 
Sediment control is required during the
establishment of vegetation, and
 
bond release generally requires
 
a minimum
 
five-year period of
 
site
maintenance, water sampling, and
 
sediment control following
 
mine completion.
 
This requirement
is
 
reduced
 
to
 
two
 
years
 
for
 
certain
 
operations
 
involving
 
re-mining.
 
Reclamation
 
of underground
mines includes
 
closure and
 
sealing of
 
mine openings
 
such as
 
portals and
 
shafts in
 
addition to
 
the
items listed above.
 
Estimated
 
costs
 
for
 
mine closure,
 
including water
 
quality monitoring
 
during site
 
reclamation,
 
are
included in the financial
 
model.
 
As with all
 
mining companies, an accretion
 
calculation is performed
annually
 
so the
 
necessary Asset
 
Retirement
 
Obligations
 
(ARO)
 
can
 
be shown
 
as
 
a Liability
 
on the
Balance Sheet.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
ex964p13i1
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
47
17.6
 
Qualified Person’s Opinion
The QPs know
 
of no reason that any permits that may be required cannot be obtained.
 
Estimated expenditures for site
 
closure and
 
reclamation are included
 
in the
 
financial model
 
for these
sites.
18
 
Capital and Operating Costs
18.1
 
Capital Cost Estimate
The production sequence selected for
 
a property must consider the proximity
 
of each reserve area
to
 
coal
 
preparation
 
plants,
 
river
 
docks
 
and
 
railroad
 
loading
 
points,
 
along
 
with
 
suitability
 
of
production equipment to coal seam conditions.
 
The in-place infrastructure was evaluated, and any
future needs were planned to a level suitable for a Preliminary Feasibility Study and included in the
Capital Forecast.
MM&A
 
developed
 
capital
 
spending
 
estimates
 
for
 
the
 
proposed
 
operations
 
in
 
the
 
Mon
 
Valley
Complex.
 
MM&A’s
 
capital schedules assume that major equipment rebuilds occur over the course
of each
 
machine’s remaining assumed operating
 
life.
 
Replacement equipment was
 
scheduled based
on MM&A’s
 
experience and
 
knowledge of
 
mining equipment
 
and industry
 
standards
 
with respect
to the useful life of such equipment.
 
A summary of the estimated capital for the Property is provided
 
in
Figure 18-1
 
below.
 
Figure 18-1:
 
CAPEX
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
48
18.2
 
Operating Cost Estimate
Coronado
 
provided
 
a
 
historical
 
summary
 
of
 
operating
 
costs
 
for
 
similar
 
operations
 
for
 
MM&A’s
review.
 
MM&A used the historical and/or budget cost information
 
as a reference and developed a
personnel
 
schedule
 
for
 
the
 
mine.
 
Hourly
 
labor
 
rates
 
and
 
salaries
 
were
 
based
 
upon
 
information
contained in Coronado’s financial summaries.
 
Fringe benefit costs were developed
 
for vacation and
holidays,
 
federal
 
and
 
state
 
unemployment
 
insurance,
 
retirement,
 
workers’
 
compensation
 
and
pneumoconiosis,
 
casualty
 
and
 
life
 
insurance,
 
healthcare,
 
and
 
bonuses.
 
A
 
cost
 
factor
 
for
 
mine
supplies was developed that
 
relates expenditures
 
to mine advance rates
 
for roof
 
control costs
 
and
other
 
mine
 
supply
 
costs
 
experienced
 
at
 
underground
 
mines.
 
Other
 
factors
 
were
 
developed
 
for
maintenance and repair costs, rentals, mine power,
 
outside services and other direct mining costs.
 
Other
 
cost
 
factors
 
were
 
developed
 
for
 
coal
 
preparation
 
plant
 
processing,
 
refuse
 
handling,
 
coal
loading, property
 
taxes,
 
and insurance
 
and bonding.
 
Appropriate
 
royalty
 
rates
 
were
 
assigned for
production from leased coal lands and sales
 
taxes were calculated
 
for federal black
 
lung excise tax,
and
 
federal
 
reclamation
 
fees.
 
There
 
are
 
currently
 
no
 
state
 
coal
 
severance
 
or
 
reclamation
 
taxes
required in Pennsylvania.
Mandated Sales Related Costs such as Black Lung Excise are
 
summarized in
Table 18-1
.
Table 18-1:
 
Estimated Coal Production Taxes
 
and Sales Costs
Description of Tax or Sales Cost
Basis of Assessment
Cost
Federal Black Lung Excise Tax - Underground
Per Tonne
$1.21
 
Federal Reclamation Fees – Underground
Per Tonne
$0.13
 
Royalties – Underground
Percentage of Revenue
7%
Note:
 
1.
 
Federal black lung excise tax
 
is paid only on
 
coal sold domestically.
 
MM&A assumed 67% of
 
total coal sales
 
to be domestic in
 
the economic
analysis discussed below.
A summary of the projected Operating Costs is in
Table 18-2
.
Table 18-2:
 
Mon Valley Operating Costs
YE
12/31
2024
YE
12/31
2025
YE
12/31
2026
YE
12/31
2027
YE
12/31
2028
YE
12/31
2029
YE
12/31
2030
YE
12/31
2031
Remaining
Total
LOM
Average
ROM Production Tonnes
 
198.7
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
2.9
 
Yield
68.10%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
68.10%
Saleable Production Tonnes*
 
135.311
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
2.0
 
 
Thermal Tonnes
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
Domestic Met Tonnes
 
89.3
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
1.3
 
Export Met Tonnes
 
46.0
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
0.7
 
 
Total Saleable Tonnes
 
135.3
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
-
 
 
2.0
 
 
Cash Costs per Tonne:
Mining Costs
 
$112.93
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$112.90
 
Processing and Transport
 
$42.60
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$42.60
 
Sales Related Costs
 
$1.97
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$1.97
 
G&A
 
$5.32
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$5.32
 
 
Total Cash Costs
 
$162.81
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$-
 
 
$162.79
 
Financial model includes 0.9 million tonnes of inferred coal production.
 
Inferred coal represents 0.6% of the total production, and none of this
coal was included in the estimate of reserves.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
49
19
 
Economic Analysis
19.1
 
Assumptions, Parameters and Methods
A pre-feasibility LOM plan
 
was prepared by
 
MM&A for
 
the proposed Mon
 
Valley operations.
 
MM&A
prepared
 
mine
 
projections
 
and
 
production
 
timing
 
forecasts
 
based
 
on
 
coal
 
seam
 
characteristics.
 
Production
 
timing was
 
carried out
 
from
 
2033 to
 
depletion (exhaustion)
 
of the
 
coal reserve
 
areas,
which
 
is
 
projected
 
for
 
the
 
year
 
2101.
 
All
 
costs
 
and
 
prices
 
are
 
based
 
on
 
year-end
 
2023
 
nominal
United States dollars.
The Mine
 
plan, productivity
 
expectations and cost
 
estimates generally reflect
 
historical performance
by
 
Coronado
 
and
 
efforts
 
have
 
been
 
made
 
to
 
adjust
 
plans
 
and
 
costs
 
to
 
reflect
 
future
 
conditions.
 
MM&A is confident
 
that the mine
 
plan and
 
financial model
 
are reasonably representative to provide
an accurate estimation of coal reserves.
Capital
 
schedules were
 
developed by
 
MM&A for
 
mine development,
 
infrastructure,
 
and on-going
capital
 
requirements
 
for
 
the
 
life
 
of the
 
mine.
 
Staffing
 
levels
 
were
 
prepared,
 
and operating
 
costs
estimated
 
by
 
MM&A.
 
MM&A
 
utilized
 
historical
 
cost
 
data
 
provided
 
by
 
Coronado
 
and
 
its
 
own
knowledge and experience to estimate direct and indirect operating
 
costs.
 
The
 
preliminary
 
feasibility
 
financial
 
model,
 
prepared
 
for
 
this
 
TRS,
 
was
 
developed
 
to
 
test
 
the
economic viability of
 
the coal reserve
 
area.
 
The results of
 
this financial model
 
are not intended
 
to
represent
 
a
 
bankable
 
feasibility
 
study,
 
required
 
for
 
financing
 
of
 
any
 
current
 
or
 
future
 
mining
operations,
 
but
 
are
 
intended
 
to
 
prove
 
the
 
economic
 
viability
 
of the
 
estimated
 
coal
 
reserves.
 
All
costs and prices are based on year-end 2023 nominal United
 
States dollars assuming a 2% inflation
rate.
On an unlevered basis, the NPV of the project cash flows after taxes was
 
estimated for the purpose
of
 
classifying
 
coal
 
reserves.
 
The
 
project
 
cash
 
flows,
 
excluding
 
debt
 
service,
 
are
 
calculated
 
by
subtracting direct
 
and indirect
 
operating expenses
 
and capital
 
expenditures from
 
revenue.
 
Direct
costs include labor, drilling and
 
blasting, operating supplies,
 
maintenance and repairs,
 
facilities costs
for
 
materials
 
handling,
 
coal
 
preparation,
 
refuse
 
disposal,
 
coal
 
loading,
 
sampling
 
and
 
analysis
services,
 
reclamation
 
and
 
general
 
and
 
administrative
 
costs.
 
Indirect
 
costs
 
include
 
statutory
 
and
legally
 
agreed
 
upon
 
fees
 
related
 
to
 
direct
 
extraction
 
of
 
the
 
mineral.
 
The
 
indirect
 
costs
 
are
 
the
Federal
 
black
 
lung
 
tax,
 
Federal
 
reclamation
 
taxes,
 
property
 
taxes,
 
local
 
transportation
 
prior
 
to
delivery
 
at
 
rail
 
or
 
barge
 
loading
 
sites,
 
coal
 
production
 
royalties,
 
sales
 
and
 
use
 
taxes,
 
and
 
income
taxes.
 
Coronado’s historical
 
costs provided a useful reference
 
for MM&A’s
 
cost estimates.
Sales revenue is based on
 
the metallurgical coal price information provided to MM&A
 
by Coronado.
Projected
 
debt
 
service
 
is
 
excluded
 
from
 
the
 
P&L
 
and
 
cash
 
flow
 
model
 
in
 
order
 
to
 
determine
Enterprise Value.
 
 
ex964p2i0
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
50
The financial model expresses coal sales prices, operating costs, and capital expenditures in current
day
 
dollars
 
without
 
adjustment
 
for
 
inflation.
 
Capital
 
expenditures
 
and
 
reclamation
 
costs
 
are
included based
 
on engineering
 
estimates for
 
each mine
 
by year.
 
The Coronado
 
division’s
 
existing
allocations of administrative costs are
 
continued in the future projections.
Coronado will pay royalties for the various current and projected operations.
 
The royalty rates vary
by
 
mining method
 
and location.
 
The
 
royalty
 
rates
 
for
 
Mon
 
Valley
 
are estimated
 
to be
 
7% of
 
the
sales revenue.
The
 
projection
 
model
 
also
 
includes
 
consolidated
 
income
 
tax
 
calculations
 
at
 
the
 
Coronado
 
level,
incorporating statutory
 
depletion calculations, as well
 
as state income
 
taxes, and a
 
federal tax rate
of
 
21%.
 
To
 
the
 
extent
 
the
 
mine
 
generates
 
net
 
operating
 
losses
 
for
 
tax
 
purposes,
 
the
 
losses
 
are
carried over to offset future taxable
 
income.
 
The terms “cash flows” and “project cash flows” used
in this report refer to after tax
 
cash flows.
Consolidated cash flows are driven by annual sales
 
tonnage, which grows from 0.4 million tonnes in
2033
 
to
 
a
 
peak
 
of
 
3.8 million
 
tonnes
 
in
 
2061.
 
Between
 
years
 
2062
 
and
 
2091,
 
sales
 
range
 
from
1.5 million to 2.7 million tonnes and between years 2092-2101, sales range from 0.4 million tonnes
to 1.3 million
 
tonnes.
 
Projected consolidated
 
revenue grows
 
from $78.3 million
 
in 2033 to
 
a peak
of $1.3 billion in 2061.
 
Revenue totals $53.5 billion for the project’s
 
life.
Consolidated cash flow from operations is positive throughout the projected operating period, with
the
 
exception
 
of post
 
-production
 
years,
 
due to
 
end-of-mine
 
reclamation
 
spending.
 
Consolidated
cash flow from operations peaks at $627.9 million in 2062
 
and totals $15.4 billion over the project’s
life.
 
Capital
 
expenditures
 
total
 
$527.3 million during
 
the
 
first
 
five
 
years
 
and
 
$3.9 billion over
 
the
project’s life.
 
Coal
 
price
 
forecasts
 
for
 
coal
 
products
 
were
 
prepared
 
by
 
Coronado
 
for
 
its
 
active
 
operations
 
and
modified
 
appropriately
 
by
 
MM&A
 
for
 
its
 
greenfield
 
operations.
 
Such
 
prices
 
were
 
used
 
for
 
the
revenue input into the
 
financial model.
 
Sales variable costs such
 
as production royalties were based
upon the revenue input.
19.2
 
Results
The
 
pre-feasibility
 
financial
 
model,
 
prepared
 
by
 
MM&A
 
for
 
this
 
TRS,
 
was
 
developed
 
to
 
test
 
the
economic viability of
 
each coal resource
 
area.
 
The results of
 
this financial model
 
are not intended
to represent
 
a bankable feasibility
 
study,
 
as may be
 
required for
 
financing of any
 
current or future
mining operations contemplated but are intended
 
to prove the economic viability of the estimated
coal reserves.
 
Optimization of the LOM plan was outside the scope of the engagement.
Figure 19-1
 
shows the annual variance of cash costs per ton.
 
Table 19-1
 
shows LOM tonnage, P&L,
and EBITDA for each proposed Coronado mines in Mon Valley
 
.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ex964p59i1
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
51
Figure 19-1:
 
Cash Costs per Tonne
As
 
shown
 
above,
 
the
 
mines’ average
 
cash
 
cost
 
ranges
 
between
 
approximately
 
$73
 
and
 
$338
 
per
tonne for most of the operating period.
Table 19-1:
 
Life-of-Mine Tonnage,
 
P&L before Tax,
 
and EBITDA ($000)
LOM
LOM
P&L
LOM
EBITDA
Tonnes*
Pre-Tax P&L
Per Tonne
EBITDA
Per Tonne
Pangburn
 
14,376
 
 
$1,375,780
 
 
$95.70
 
 
$1,987,175
 
 
$138.23
 
Fallowfield
 
72,640
 
 
$18,671,106
 
 
$257.04
 
 
$21,133,469
 
 
$290.93
 
Shaner
 
48,294
 
 
$7,602,034
 
 
$157.41
 
 
$8,739,568
 
 
$180.97
 
Consolidated PA Deep Mines
 
135,309
 
 
$27,648,920
 
 
$204.34
 
 
$31,860,212
 
 
$235.46
 
Note:
 
*Financial model includes 0.9 million
 
tonnes of inferred coal production.
 
Inferred coal represents 0.6% of the total production,
 
and none
of this coal was included in the estimate of reserves.
As
 
shown
 
in
Table
 
19-1
,
 
the
 
mines
 
show
 
positive
 
EBITDA
 
over
 
the
 
LOM.
 
Overall,
 
Coronado’s
consolidated operations show positive LOM P&L and LOM EBITDA of $27.6 billion and $31.9 billion,
respectively.
 
A summary of
 
the key
 
financial performance
 
metrics projected
 
for years
 
is provided
below in
Table 19-2.
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
52
Table 19-2:
 
Summary of Mon Valley Key Financial Performance Metrics (2024-2031)
YE
12/31
2024
YE
12/31
2025
YE
12/31
2026
YE
12/31
2027
YE
12/31
2028
YE
12/31
2029
YE
12/31
2030
YE
12/31
2031
Remaining
 
Total
LOM
Average
ROM Production Tonnes
198.7
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2.9
Yield
68.10%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
0.00%
68.10%
Saleable Production Tonnes*
135.311
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2.0
 
Thermal Tonnes
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Domestic Met Tonnes
89.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1.3
Export Met Tonnes
46.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.7
 
Total Saleable Tonnes
135.3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
2.0
 
Cash Costs per Tonne:
Mining Costs
$112.93
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$112.90
Processing and Transport
$42.60
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$42.60
Sales Related Costs
$1.97
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$1.97
G&A
$5.32
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$5.32
 
Total Cash Costs
$162.81
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$162.79
 
EBITDA per Tonne
$232.89
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$232.92
 
Expansion CapEx ($M)
$38.02
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$5.56
$32.46
$-
$-
Maintenance CapEx ($M)
$3,848.14
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$38.38
$54.43
 
Total CapEx
$3,886.15
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
$5.56
$32.46
$38.38
$54.43
Financial model includes 0.9 million tonnes of inferred coal production.
 
Inferred coal represents 0.6% of the total production, and none of this
coal was included in the estimate of reserves.
After-Tax
 
Cash Flows
 
were developed
 
in order
 
to calculate
 
the NPV
 
for
 
this Property.
 
The NPV
 
is
estimated to be $563.4 million at a discount
 
rate of 10.0%.
 
A summary of the Mon Valley after
 
-tax
cash flow is shown in
Table 19-3
.
Table 19-3:
 
Project Cash Flow Summary (000)*
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
Total
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
Production & Sales tonnes
135,311
-
-
-
-
-
Total Revenue
$53,543,217
$-
$-
$-
$-
$-
EBITDA
$22,878,217
$(388)
$(388)
$(388)
$(388)
$(388)
Net Income
$11,796,769
$(388)
$(388)
$(388)
$(388)
$(388)
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$15,418,952
$(388)
$(388)
$(388)
$(388)
$(328)
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(3,886,154)
$-
$(5,556)
$(32,461)
$(38,382)
$(230,691)
Net Cash Flow
$11,532,798
$(388)
$(5,944)
$(32,849)
$(38,770)
$(231,019)
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
Production & Sales tonnes
399
1,810
1,875
1,958
2,029
2,030
Total Revenue
$78,296
$362,106
$382,594
$407,547
$430,792
$439,609
EBITDA
$46,091
$230,681
$245,301
$265,119
$283,202
$289,071
Net Income
$(34,286)
$140,882
$121,310
$131,898
$147,171
$160,015
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$37,454
$188,509
$200,525
$213,069
$227,279
$239,643
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(220,159)
$(5,973)
$(1,492)
$(23,825)
$(21,154)
$(220,098)
Net Cash Flow
$(182,704)
$182,535
$199,033
$189,243
$206,125
$19,544
 
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
53
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
Production & Sales tonnes
2,062
1,960
1,762
2,366
1,804
1,724
Total Revenue
$455,388
$441,481
$405,009
$554,640
$431,343
$420,513
EBITDA
$299,233
$282,680
$246,717
$355,857
$259,717
$249,422
Net Income
$148,359
$159,358
$124,218
$201,201
$155,408
$140,412
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$252,685
$239,821
$209,856
$264,281
$200,448
$197,055
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(198,968)
$(17,709)
$(15,403)
$(21,709)
$(9,653)
$(15,904)
Net Cash Flow
$53,717
$222,112
$194,453
$242,571
$190,795
$181,152
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
Production & Sales tonnes
1,717
1,641
1,719
1,657
1,582
1,704
Total Revenue
$427,051
$416,456
$444,946
$437,356
$426,059
$468,115
EBITDA
$252,966
$242,678
$263,719
$255,907
$244,963
$276,975
Net Income
$154,860
$163,403
$176,959
$170,156
$161,907
$181,850
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$201,354
$194,705
$200,387
$200,909
$193,250
$210,580
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(105,936)
$(32,944)
$(3,311)
$(5,576)
$(21,182)
$(43,937)
Net Cash Flow
$95,418
$161,760
$197,075
$195,333
$172,067
$166,643
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
Production & Sales tonnes
1,656
1,732
1,702
1,596
1,642
1,750
Total Revenue
$463,895
$494,756
$495,913
$474,451
$497,980
$541,261
EBITDA
$271,431
$294,451
$293,461
$274,133
$291,105
$323,591
Net Income
$177,355
$206,754
$205,313
$186,501
$196,906
$224,271
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$214,333
$224,264
$225,466
$215,317
$222,950
$245,045
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(26,060)
$(4,135)
$(20,511)
$(39,988)
$(30,028)
$(36,861)
Net Cash Flow
$188,273
$220,129
$204,955
$175,329
$192,922
$208,184
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
Production & Sales tonnes
1,751
2,609
3,582
3,732
3,839
3,762
Total Revenue
$552,393
$839,589
$1,175,652
$1,249,528
$1,310,820
$1,310,433
EBITDA
$330,405
$494,167
$701,904
$754,323
$798,832
$793,460
Net Income
$249,858
$295,564
$442,235
$473,877
$508,672
$492,348
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$270,454
$378,130
$521,997
$586,273
$620,328
$627,936
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(538,808)
$(89,843)
$(36,104)
$(44,278)
$(21,847)
$(132,543)
Net Cash Flow
$(268,354)
$288,286
$485,893
$541,995
$598,481
$495,393
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
Production & Sales tonnes
3,494
3,390
3,460
3,398
2,967
2,826
Total Revenue
$1,241,303
$1,228,573
$1,278,870
$1,280,972
$1,141,063
$1,108,535
EBITDA
$732,113
$720,210
$757,835
$754,462
$680,158
$663,742
Net Income
$446,588
$500,822
$521,333
$515,526
$450,699
$434,909
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$595,943
$568,873
$577,763
$583,053
$543,306
$522,205
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(60,459)
$(26,978)
$(66,446)
$(58,982)
$(120,137)
$(56,340)
Net Cash Flow
$535,484
$541,895
$511,317
$524,071
$423,169
$465,865
 
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
54
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
Production & Sales tonnes
2,472
2,318
2,178
1,496
2,041
1,993
Total Revenue
$988,943
$946,112
$906,727
$635,345
$883,982
$880,465
EBITDA
$594,651
$554,448
$531,931
$346,940
$538,047
$535,996
Net Income
$384,720
$356,548
$335,438
$231,328
$359,458
$366,134
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$480,465
$443,994
$423,083
$260,436
$368,430
$408,513
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(118,056)
$(37,796)
$(41,704)
$(27,793)
$(47,154)
$(29,787)
Net Cash Flow
$362,409
$406,198
$381,378
$232,643
$321,276
$378,726
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
Production & Sales tonnes
1,822
2,098
2,055
2,107
1,883
2,129
Total Revenue
$820,772
$874,560
$874,031
$913,861
$833,007
$960,656
EBITDA
$488,892
$527,243
$524,666
$555,561
$491,518
$587,784
Net Income
$332,175
$373,438
$366,231
$382,757
$335,406
$410,847
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$382,976
$392,261
$399,542
$415,100
$383,380
$424,802
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(3,295)
$(3,360)
$(41,878)
$(73,655)
$(15,800)
$(6,365)
Net Cash Flow
$379,682
$388,901
$357,664
$341,445
$367,580
$418,437
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
Production & Sales tonnes
1,937
1,723
2,242
1,568
2,285
1,637
Total Revenue
$891,498
$809,214
$1,073,587
$766,070
$1,138,488
$832,210
EBITDA
$531,568
$460,863
$663,473
$428,042
$708,813
$464,168
Net Income
$368,045
$304,770
$448,699
$277,710
$492,938
$308,597
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$409,096
$358,874
$460,364
$364,186
$480,016
$392,806
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(25,353)
$(73,457)
$(43,005)
$(12,687)
$(19,996)
$(33,624)
Net Cash Flow
$383,743
$285,417
$417,359
$351,499
$460,019
$359,182
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
Production & Sales tonnes
1,982
1,477
1,857
1,616
1,993
1,305
Total Revenue
$1,027,701
$781,052
$1,001,339
$888,873
$1,118,529
$747,144
EBITDA
$612,327
$424,413
$581,701
$495,500
$667,329
$373,435
Net Income
$412,609
$267,442
$390,044
$326,813
$454,337
$232,648
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$432,632
$353,475
$408,375
$388,300
$469,549
$335,144
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(41,648)
$(60,042)
$(27,048)
$(31,038)
$(4,523)
$(40,242)
Net Cash Flow
$390,984
$293,433
$381,327
$357,262
$465,027
$294,902
 
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
Production & Sales tonnes
1,637
1,612
1,747
1,355
1,731
1,752
Total Revenue
$955,700
$959,852
$1,060,820
$839,478
$1,093,737
$1,129,433
EBITDA
$536,078
$531,972
$608,559
$412,363
$623,984
$652,244
Net Income
$344,367
$335,321
$398,419
$255,237
$407,178
$415,344
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$374,267
$401,019
$443,538
$347,072
$431,542
$484,871
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(85,557)
$(75,058)
$(4,895)
$(4,993)
$(48,993)
$(79,742)
Net Cash Flow
$288,710
$325,960
$438,643
$342,078
$382,550
$405,129
 
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ex964p19i1
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
55
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
YE12/31
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
Production & Sales tonnes
1,407
896
393
-
-
-
Total Revenue
$925,181
$600,980
$268,578
$-
$-
$-
EBITDA
$493,808
$312,584
$135,457
$-
$-
$-
Net Income
$335,906
$195,168
$94,312
$-
$-
$-
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
$310,205
$239,384
$(26,022)
$-
$-
$-
Purchases of Property, Plant, and Equipment
$(17,075)
$(5,405)
$(2,757)
$-
$-
$-
Net Cash Flow
$293,130
$233,979
$(28,778)
$-
$-
$-
Financial model includes 0.9 million tonnes of inferred coal production.
 
Inferred coal represents 0.6% of the total production, and none of this
coal was included in the estimate of reserves.
19.3
 
Sensitivity
Sensitivity
 
of the
 
NPV
 
results
 
to
 
changes
 
in
 
the
 
key
 
drivers
 
is presented
 
in
 
the
 
chart below.
 
The
sensitivity study shows
 
the NPV at
 
the 10.0% discount rate
 
when Base Case sales
 
prices, operating
costs, and capital costs are increased and decreased in increments
 
of 5% within a +/- 15% range.
Figure 19-2:
 
Sensitivity of NPV
As shown, NPV is quite sensitive to changes in sales price and operating cost estimates, and slightly
sensitive to changes in capital cost estimates.
20
 
Adjacent Properties
20.1
 
Information Used
No Proprietary information associated with neighboring properties was
 
used as part of this study.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
56
21
 
Other Relevant Data
 
and Information
MM&A
 
performed
 
a
 
previous
 
audit of
 
the
 
Property
 
in
 
2017 for
 
Coronado
 
based
 
on
 
SEC
 
Industry
Guide
 
7
 
standards.
 
MM&A
 
has
 
subsequently
 
conducted
 
Joint
 
Ore
 
Reserve
 
Committee
 
(JORC)
compliant resource and reserve
 
assessments of the
 
Mon Valley assets as
 
of:
 
(1) December 31,
 
2017,
(2)
 
December 31,
 
2020,
 
(3)
 
December 31,
 
2021,
 
and
 
(4)
 
December 31,
 
2022.
 
By
 
assignment,
 
the
JORC
 
assessment
 
included
 
a
 
preliminary
 
feasibility
 
level
 
study
 
of
 
the
 
subject
 
coal
 
reserves,
encompassing
 
detailed
 
mine
 
planning
 
and
 
cost
 
analysis
 
through
 
depletion
 
of
 
Mon
 
Valley’s
 
JORC-
compliant coal reserves.
 
MM&A utilized these former preliminary feasibility studies as the basis of
an updated study which meets those standards set forth by the JORC Code and SEC in Regulation S-
K 1300.
22
 
Interpretation and
 
Conclusions
22.1
 
Conclusion
Sufficient data
 
has been obtained
 
through various
 
exploration and
 
sampling programs
 
and mining
operations
 
to
 
support
 
the
 
geological
 
interpretations
 
of
 
seam
 
structure
 
and
 
thickness
 
for
 
coal
horizons
 
situated
 
on the
 
Property.
 
The data
 
is of
 
sufficient
 
quantity
 
and reliability
 
to
 
reasonably
support the coal resource and coal reserve estimates in this TRS.
The
 
geological
 
data
 
and
 
preliminary
 
feasibility
 
study,
 
which
 
consider
 
mining
 
plans,
 
revenue,
 
and
operating
 
and
 
capital
 
cost
 
estimates
 
are
 
sufficient
 
to
 
support
 
the
 
classification
 
of
 
coal
 
reserves
provided herein.
This geologic evaluation conducted in conjunction with the preliminary feasibility study is sufficient
to conclude that the 134.4
 
Mt of marketable underground
 
coal reserves identified on the Property
are
 
economically
 
mineable under
 
reasonable
 
expectations
 
of market
 
prices for
 
metallurgical
 
coal
products, estimated operation costs,
 
and capital expenditures.
22.2
 
Risk Factors
Risks have
 
been identified
 
for
 
operational,
 
technical and
 
administrative
 
subjects addressed
 
in the
Pre-Feasibility
 
Study.
 
A risk
 
matrix has
 
been constructed
 
to present
 
the risk
 
levels for
 
all the
 
risk
factors identified and quantified in
 
the risk assessment process.
 
The risk matrix and
 
risk assessment
process
 
are
 
modeled
 
to
 
that
 
presented
 
in
 
the
 
Australian
 
and
 
New
 
Zealand
 
Standard
 
on
 
Risk
Management (AS/NZS 4360).
 
The
 
purpose
 
of
 
the
 
characterization
 
of
 
the
 
project
 
risk
 
components
 
is
 
to
 
inform
 
the
 
project
stakeholders
 
of
 
key
 
aspects
 
of
 
the
 
Coronado
 
projects
 
that
 
can
 
be
 
impacted
 
by
 
events
 
whose
consequences can affect
 
the success of the venture.
 
The significance of an impacted
 
aspect of the
operation
 
is
 
directly
 
related
 
to
 
both
 
the
 
probability
 
of
 
occurrence
 
and
 
the
 
severity
 
of
 
the
consequences.
 
The initial risk for
 
a risk factor
 
is herein defined
 
as the risk level
 
after the potential
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
57
impact
 
of
 
the
 
risk
 
factor
 
is
 
addressed
 
by
 
competent
 
and
 
prudent
 
management
 
utilizing
 
control
measures readily available.
 
Residual risk for a risk factor is herein defined as the risk
 
level following
application
 
of
 
special
 
mitigation
 
measures
 
if
 
management
 
determines
 
that
 
the
 
initial
 
risk
 
level
 
is
unacceptable.
 
Initial risk and residual risk can be quantified numerically,
 
derived by the product of
values assigned to probability and consequence ranging from very low risk to very high risk.
 
The probability and consequence
 
parameters are subjective numerical estimates made
 
by practiced
mine engineers and
 
managers.
 
Both are
 
assigned values
 
from 1 to
 
5 for which
 
the value
 
1 represents
the
 
lowest
 
probability
 
and least
 
consequence,
 
and the
 
value
 
5 represents
 
the highest
 
probability
and greatest
 
consequence.
 
The products, which define
 
the Risk Level,
 
are classified from
 
very low
to very high.
 
Risk Level Table
 
(R = P x C)
Risk Level (R)
Very Low (1 to 2)
Low (3 to 5)
Moderate (6 to 11)
High (12 to 19)
Very High (20 to 25)
Risk aspects
 
identified and
 
evaluated
 
during this
 
assignment total
 
13.
 
No residual
 
risks are
 
rated
Very High.
 
Four (4) residual risks are rated High.
 
Six (6) of the risk aspects could be associated with
Moderate residual risk.
 
Three (3) of the risk aspects
 
were attributed Low or Very Low residual risks.
 
22.2.1
 
Governing Assumptions
The listing of the aspects is
 
not presumed to be exhaustive.
 
Instead that listing is
 
presented based
on the experiences of the contributors to the TRS.
 
1.
 
The probability and consequence ratings are subjectively assigned, and it is assumed that this
subjectivity reasonably reflects the condition of the active and projected mine operations.
2.
 
The
 
Control
 
Measures
 
shown
 
in
 
the
 
matrices
 
presented
 
in this
 
chapter
 
are
 
not
 
exhaustive.
 
They
 
represent
 
a
 
condensed
 
collection
 
of
 
activities
 
that
 
the
 
author
 
of
 
the
 
risk
 
assessment
section has observed to be effective in coal mining scenarios.
 
3.
 
Mitigation
 
Measures
 
listed
 
for
 
each
 
risk
 
factor
 
of
 
the
 
operation
 
are
 
not
 
exhaustive.
 
The
measures listed, however,
 
have been observed by the author to be effective.
 
4.
 
The monetary values used in
 
ranking the consequences are generally
 
-accepted quantities for
the coal mining industry.
22.2.2
 
Limitations
The risk assessment proposed in
 
this report is subject to
 
the limitations of the information currently
collected, tested, and interpreted
 
at the time of the writing of the report.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
58
22.2.3
 
Methodology
The
 
numerical
 
quantities
 
(i.e.,
 
risk
 
levels)
 
attributable
 
to
 
either
 
“initial”
 
or
 
“residual”
 
risks
 
are
derived
 
by the
 
product
 
of values
 
assigned to
 
probability
 
and consequence
 
ranging
 
from
 
very low
risk to very high risk.
R = P x C
Where:
R = Risk Level
P = Probability of Occurrence
C = Consequence of Occurrence
The Probability (P) and
 
Consequence (C) parameters recited in the
 
formula are subjective numerical
estimates
 
made
 
by
 
practiced
 
mine
 
engineers
 
and
 
managers.
 
Both
 
P
 
and
 
C
 
are
 
assigned
 
integer
values
 
ranging
 
from
 
1
 
to
 
5
 
for
 
which
 
the
 
value
 
1
 
represents
 
the
 
lowest
 
probability
 
and
 
least
consequence,
 
and the
 
value 5
 
represents
 
the highest
 
probability
 
and greatest
 
consequence.
 
The
products (R = P x C) which define the Risk Level, are
 
thereafter classified from very low to very high.
Risk Level Table
Risk Level (R)
Very Low (1 to 2)
Low (3 to 5)
Moderate (6 to 11)
High (12 to 19)
Very High (20 to 25)
Very
 
high
 
initial
 
risks
 
are
 
considered
 
to
 
be
 
unacceptable
 
and
 
require
 
corrective
 
action
 
well
 
in
advance of project
 
development.
 
In short,
 
measures must be
 
applied to reduce
 
very high initial
 
risks
to a tolerable level.
 
As
 
shown
 
and
 
discussed
 
above,
 
after
 
taking
 
into
 
account
 
the
 
operational,
 
technical,
 
and
administrative actions that have been
 
applied or
 
are available for action
 
when required, the
 
residual
risk can be determined.
 
The residual risk provides
 
a basis for the
 
management team to determine
if the residual risk
 
level is acceptable or tolerable.
 
If the risk level
 
is determined to be unacceptable,
further actions should be considered to reduce the residual risk to acceptable or tolerable
 
levels to
provide justification for continuation
 
of the proposed operation.
22.2.4
 
Development of the Risk Matrix
Risks have
 
been identified for
 
the technical,
 
operational, and
 
administrative
 
subjects addressed
 
in
the
 
TRS.
 
The
 
risk
 
matrix
 
and
 
risk
 
assessment
 
process
 
are
 
modeled
 
to
 
that
 
presented
 
in
 
the
Australian and New Zealand Standard on Risk Management (AS/NZS 4360).
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
59
22.2.4.1
 
Probability Level Table
Table 22-1:
 
Probability Level Table
Category
Probability Level (P)
1
Remote
Not likely to occur except in exceptional circumstances.
<10%
2
Unlikely
Not likely to occur; small in degree.
10 - 30%
3
Possible
Capable of occurring.
30 - 60%
4
Likely
High chance of occurring in most circumstances.
60 - 90%
5
Almost Certain
Event is expected under most circumstances; impossible to avoid.
>90%
The lowest rated probability of occurrence is assigned the value of 1 and described as remote, with
a likelihood
 
of occurrence
 
of less
 
than ten
 
percent.
 
Increasing values
 
are assigned
 
to each
 
higher
probability
 
of occurrence,
 
culminating
 
with the
 
value
 
of 5
 
assigned to
 
incidents considered
 
to
 
be
almost certain to occur.
22.2.4.2
 
Consequence Level Table
Table 22-2
 
lists the consequence levels.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
60
Table 22-2:
 
Consequence Level Table
Correlation of Events in Key Elements of the Project Program
 
to Event Severity Category
Category
Severity of
the Event
Financial Impact
of the Event
Unplanned
Loss of
Production
(Impact on
Commercial
Operations)
Events Impacting
on the Environment
Events Affecting the Program's
Social and Community
Relations
Resultant Regulatory /
Sovereign Risk
Events Affecting Occupational Health &
Safety
1
Insignificant
< USD
$0.5 million
≤ 12 hours
Insignificant loss of
habitat; no
irreversible effects
on water,
 
soil and
the environment.
Occasional nuisance impact on
travel.
-
Event recurrence avoided by corrective
action through established procedures
(Engineering, guarding, training).
2
Minor
USD $0.5 million
to $2.0 million
≤ 1 day
No significant
change to species
populations; short-
term reversible
perturbation to
ecosystem function.
Persistent nuisance impact on
travel.
 
Transient adverse media
coverage.
-
First aid – lost time.
 
Event recurrence
avoided by corrective action through
established procedures.
3
Moderate
USD $2.0 million
to $10.0 million
≤ 1 week
Appreciable change
to species
population;
medium-term (≤10
years) detriment to
ecosystem function.
Measurable impact on travel
and water/air quality.
 
Significant adverse media
coverage / transient public
outrage.
Uncertainty securing or
retaining essential
approval / license.
Medical Treatment – permanent
incapacitation.
 
Avoiding event
recurrence requires modification to
established corrective action procedures.
Change to regulations
(tax; bonds; standards).
4
Major
USD
$10.0 million to
$50.0 million
1 to 2 weeks
Change to species
population
threatening
viability; long-term
(>10 years)
detriment to
ecosystem function.
Long-term, serious impact on
travel and use of water
resources; degradation of air
quality; sustained and effective
public opposition.
Suspension / long-delay
in securing essential
approval / license.
Fatality.
 
Avoiding event recurrence
requires modification to established
corrective action procedures and staff
retraining.
Change to laws (tax;
bonds; standards).
5
Critical
>USD
$50.0 million
>1 month
Species extinction;
irreversible damage
to ecosystem
function.
Loss of social license.
Withdraw / failure to
secure essential
approval / license.
Multiple fatalities.
 
Avoiding event
recurrence requires major overhaul of
policies and procedures.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
61
The
 
lowest
 
rated
 
consequence
 
is
 
assigned
 
the
 
value
 
of
 
1
 
and
 
is
 
described
 
as
 
an
 
Insignificant
Consequence,
 
parameters
 
of
 
which
 
include
 
non-reportable
 
safety
 
incidents
 
with
 
zero
 
days
 
lost
accidents, no environmental damage,
 
loss of production or systems for less than
 
12 hours and cost
of
 
less
 
than
 
USD
 
$0.5 million.
 
Increasing
 
values
 
are
 
assigned
 
to
 
each
 
higher
 
consequence,
culminating with the value of
 
5 assigned to critical consequences, the
 
parameters of which include
multiple-fatality
 
accidents,
 
major
 
environmental
 
damage,
 
and
 
loss
 
of
 
production
 
or
 
systems
 
for
longer than one month and cost of greater than USD $50.0 million.
Composite Risk Matrix R = P x C and Color-Code Convention
The risk level, defined as the
 
product of probability of occurrence and consequence, ranges in
 
value
from
 
1 (lowest
 
possible risk)
 
to
 
25 (maximum
 
risk level).
 
The
 
values
 
are color-coded
 
to facilitate
identification of the highest risk aspects.
Table 22-3:
 
Risk Matrix
P x C = R
Consequence (C)
Insignificant
Minor
Moderate
Major
Critical
1
2
3
4
5
Probability Level (P)
Remote
1
1
2
3
4
5
Unlikely
2
2
4
6
8
10
Possible
3
3
6
9
12
15
Likely
4
4
8
12
16
20
Almost
Certain
5
5
10
15
20
25
22.2.5
 
Categorization of Risk Levels and Color Code Convention
Very
 
high
 
risks
 
are
 
considered
 
to
 
be
 
unacceptable
 
and
 
require
 
corrective
 
action.
 
Risk
 
reduction
measures must be applied to reduce very high risks to a tolerable level.
22.2.6
 
Description of the Coal Property
The Mon Valley Reserve (including Pangburn, Shaner and Fallowfield Areas) is located
 
in Allegheny,
Washington,
 
and Westmoreland
 
Counties, Pennsylvania.
 
Mon Valley
 
underground operations
 
are
projected
 
to
 
commence
 
in
 
2033
 
at
 
the
 
Mon
 
Valley
 
Complex
 
in
 
the
 
large
 
Upper
 
Freeport
 
seam
reserve area.
 
Three mines are planned,
 
and each will
 
utilize continuous mining methods.
 
The initial
operation is designated as the Pangburn Mine;
 
subsequently, the Shaner Mine is projected for 2039
and followed
 
by the
 
Fallowfield Mine
 
in 2058.
 
The operations
 
are projected
 
to utilize
 
continuous
mining production
 
sections.
 
The method
 
provides
 
continuity,
 
preserving skilled
 
work groups
 
and
enabling effective utilization of production equipment.
 
The Upper Freeport seam
 
is below drainage
and therefore all mines will be accessed with slopes and shafts.
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
62
22.2.7
 
Summary of Residual Risk Ratings
Each
 
risk factor
 
is numbered,
 
and
 
a
 
risk level
 
for
 
each
 
is determined
 
by
 
multiplying
 
the
 
assigned
probability by
 
the assigned
 
consequence.
 
The risk
 
levels are
 
plotted
 
on a
 
risk matrix
 
to provide
 
a
composite
 
view
 
of
 
the
 
Coronado
 
risk
 
profile.
 
The
 
average
 
risk
 
level
 
is
 
8.4,
 
which
 
is
 
defined
 
as
Moderate.
Table 22-4:
 
Risk Assessment Matrix
Consequence
Critical
>$50 MM
9, 10
Major
$10-50MM
4
1, 2, 3
6
Moderate
$2-10 MM
12
Minor
$0.5-$2 MM
7, 13
5
8
Low
<$0.5 MM
11
<10%
10-30%
30-60%
60-90%
>90%
Remote
Unlikely
Possible
Likely
Almost
Certain
22.2.8
 
Risk Factors
A
 
high-level
 
approach
 
is
 
utilized
 
to
 
characterize
 
risk
 
factors
 
that
 
are
 
generally
 
similar
 
across
 
a
number of
 
the active
 
and proposed
 
mining operations.
 
Risk factors
 
that
 
are
 
unique to
 
a specific
operation or are particularly noteworthy are
 
addressed individually.
22.2.8.1
 
Geological and Coal Resource
Coal
 
mining
 
is
 
accompanied
 
by
 
risk
 
that,
 
despite
 
exploration
 
efforts,
 
mining
 
areas
 
will
 
be
encountered
 
where geological
 
conditions render
 
extraction
 
of the
 
resource to
 
be uneconomic,
 
or
that coal quality characteristics disqualify the product for sale into
 
target markets.
To
 
illustrate these points, the Upper Freeport coal seam deposits at Mon Valley are examined.
 
The
coal
 
is
 
deposited
 
in
 
large,
 
elliptical
 
pods.
 
During
 
deposition,
 
the
 
raised
 
peat
 
deposits
 
were
surrounded
 
by
 
areas
 
void
 
of
 
peat
 
and
 
deposited
 
instead
 
with
 
dirt,
 
clay,
 
and
 
stream
 
channels.
 
Consequently,
 
the perimeter
 
of the
 
peat,
 
and consequent
 
coal
 
deposits may
 
contain
 
significantly
higher concentration of ash
 
and sulfur, and reduced product yield.
 
The perimeter deposits
 
may also
be
 
affected
 
by
 
immediate
 
roof
 
and
 
floor
 
conditions
 
that
 
adversely
 
affect
 
mining
 
cost
 
and
productivity.
 
Meandering sandstone
 
channels may
 
reduce coal
 
seam thickness by
 
scouring action
at the top of the coal seam and support the migration of sulfur to the Upper Freeport seam.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
63
Offsetting the geological and
 
coal resource risk
 
are the massive
 
size of the
 
controlled property which
allows
 
large
 
areas
 
to
 
be
 
mined
 
in
 
the
 
three
 
designated
 
mine
 
areas
 
sufficiently
 
away
 
from
 
areas
where coal quality
 
and mineability
 
are less
 
favorable.
 
In addition,
 
the mines
 
are designed to
 
operate
with
 
multiple
 
production
 
sections,
 
which
 
lessens
 
the
 
immediate
 
impact
 
when
 
one
 
section
encounters difficulties.
 
The large reserve areas also
 
provide a mitigation strategy
 
of developing an
additional
 
(spare)
 
section
 
at
 
each
 
mine
 
which
 
can
 
be
 
activated
 
when
 
adverse
 
conditions
 
are
encountered,
 
thereby
 
maintaining
 
consistent
 
production
 
and quality.
 
The
 
spare
 
section requires
additional mine extension cost but increases flexibility and performance consistency.
Table 22-5:
 
Geological and Coal Resource Risk Assessment (Risks 1 and 2)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk Level
Mitigation
Measures
Residual Risk Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Recoverable coal tonnes
recognized to be
significantly less than
previously estimated.
Reserve base is adequate to
serve market commitments
and respond to opportunities
for many years.
 
Local
adverse conditions may
increase frequency and cost of
production unit relocations.
Previous and ongoing
exploration and extensive
regional mining history
provide a high level of
confidence of coal seam
correlation, continuity of the
coal seams, and coal
resource tonnes.
4
4
16
Optimize mine plan
to increase resource
recovery; develop
mine plan to provide
readily available
alternate mining
locations to sustain
expected production
level.
3
4
12
Coal quality locally
proves to be lower than
initially projected.
If uncontrolled, production and
sale of coal that is out of
specification can result in
rejection of deliveries,
cancellation of coal sales
agreements and damage to
reputation.
Exploration and vast
experience and history in
local coal seams provide
confidence in coal quality;
limited excursions can be
managed with careful
product segregation and
blending.
3
5
15
Develop mine plan
to provide readily
available alternate
mining locations to
sustain expected
production level;
modify coal sales
agreements to
reflect coal quality.
3
4
12
22.2.8.2
 
Environmental
Water
 
quality and
 
other permit
 
requirements
 
are subject
 
to modification
 
and such
 
changes could
have a
 
material impact on
 
the capability of
 
the operator
 
to meet modified
 
standards or
 
to receive
new permits and modifications
 
to existing permits.
 
Permit protests
 
may result in delays
 
or denials
to permit applications.
Environmental standards and permit requirements have evolved significantly over the
 
past 50 years
and
 
to-date,
 
mining
 
operators
 
and
 
regulatory
 
bodies
 
have
 
been
 
able
 
to
 
adapt
 
successfully
 
to
evolving environmental requirements.
The Residual
 
Risk has is
 
projected to
 
be slightly higher
 
for the
 
PA
 
reserves due to
 
the proximity
 
of
the rivers and the residual environmental
 
complaints, in the vicinity, left
 
from mining in the past.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
64
Table 22-6:
 
Environmental (Risks 3 and 4)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk Level
Mitigation
Measures
Residual Risk Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Environmental
performance standards
are modified in the future.
Delays in receiving new
permits and modifications to
existing permits; cost of testing
and treatment of water and
soils
Work with regulatory
agencies to understand and
influence final standards;
implement testing,
treatment and other actions
to comply with new
standards.
3
4
12
Modify mining and
reclamation plans to
improve compliance
with new standards
while reducing cost
of compliance.
3
4
12
New permits and permit
modifications are
increasingly delayed or
denied.
Interruption of production and
delayed implementation of
replacement production from
new mines.
Comply quickly with testing,
treatment and other actions
required; continue excellent
compliance performance
within existing permits.
2
4
8
Establish and
maintain close and
constructive working
relationships with
regulatory agencies,
local communities
and community
action groups.
2
4
8
22.2.8.3
 
Regulatory Requirements
Federal
 
and
 
state
 
health
 
and
 
safety
 
regulatory
 
agencies
 
occasionally
 
amend
 
mine
 
laws
 
and
regulations.
 
The impact is
 
industry-wide.
 
Mining operators and regulatory agencies have been
 
able
to adapt successfully to evolving health and safety requirements.
Table 22-7:
 
Regulatory Requirements (Risk 5)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk Level
Mitigation
Measures
Residual Risk Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Federal and state mine
safety and health
regulatory agencies
amend mine laws and
regulations.
Cost of training, materials,
supplies and equipment;
modification of mine
examination and production
procedures; modification of
mining plans.
Participate in hearings and
workshops when possible to
facilitate understanding and
implementation; work
cooperatively with agencies
and employees to facilitate
implementation of new laws
and regulations.
4
3
12
Familiarity and
experience with new
laws and regulations
results in reduced
impact to operations
and productivity and
improved supplies
and equipment
options.
4
2
8
22.2.8.4
 
Market and Transportation
Most of the current and future production is expected to be directed to domestic and international
metallurgical markets.
 
Historically the metallurgical markets
 
have been cyclical and highly volatile.
 
The Mon Valley business plan assumes that 75 percent of production can be sold into the favorably
priced
 
metallurgical
 
market.
 
The mining
 
plan must
 
minimize
 
exposure
 
to the
 
perimeter reserves
where quality may not be suitable for the market plan and be flexible to manage exposure
 
to areas
where coal quality fails to meet metallurgical
 
standards.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
65
Table 22-8:
 
Market and Transportation (Risks 6 and 7)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk Level
Mitigation
Measures
Residual Risk Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Volatile
 
coal prices
 
drop
precipitously.
Loss
 
of
 
revenue
 
adversely
affects
 
profitability;
 
reduced
cash
 
flow
 
may
 
disrupt
 
capital
expenditures plan.
Cost
 
control
 
measures
implemented;
 
capital
spending deferred.
4
5
20
High-cost
 
operations
closed,
 
and
employees
temporarily
furloughed.
4
4
16
Coal
 
quality
 
at
 
Mon
Valley
 
Upper
 
Freeport
mines is not adequate to
support
 
100
 
percent
metallurgical sales.
Reduced
 
revenue
 
from
 
a
percentage
 
of
 
thermal
 
sales
jeopardizes
 
financial
performance and expectations.
Lower preparation plant
gravities for ash and sulfur
reduction; segregate lower
quality coal when possible
and manage shipped
quality by blending.
3
5
15
Adjust
 
mine
 
plan
 
to
keep
 
minimize
exposure
 
to
perimeter
 
coal
 
and
sandstone
 
channels;
provide spare section
to sustain production
and quality when low
quality
 
areas
 
are
encountered.
3
2
6
Occasional delay or interruption of rail,
 
river and terminals service may be expected.
 
The operator
can
 
possibly
 
minimize
 
the
 
impact
 
of
 
delays
 
by
 
being
 
a
 
preferred
 
customer
 
by
 
fulfilling
 
shipment
obligations promptly and maintaining close working relationships.
Table 22-9:
 
Market and Transportation (Risk 8)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk Level
Mitigation
Measures
Residual Risk Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Rail or river transport is
delayed; storage and
shipping access at river
and ocean terminals is not
available.
Fulfillment of coal sales
agreements delayed; limited
coal storage at mines may
increase cost of rehandling;
production may be temporarily
idled.
Provide adequate storage
capacity at mines;
coordinate continuously with
railroad and shipping
companies to respond
quickly and effectively to
changing circumstances.
5
3
15
Provide back-up
storage facility along
with personnel,
equipment and
rehandle plan to
sustain production
and fulfill sales
obligations timely.
5
2
10
22.2.8.5
 
Mining Plan
Occupational health and
 
safety risks are inherent
 
in mining
 
operations.
 
Comprehensive training and
retraining
 
programs,
 
internal
 
safety
 
audits
 
and
 
examinations,
 
regular
 
mine
 
inspections,
 
safety
meetings, along
 
with support
 
of trained
 
fire brigades
 
and mine
 
rescue teams
 
are among
 
activities
that
 
greatly
 
reduce
 
accident
 
risks.
 
Employee
 
health monitoring
 
programs
 
coupled
 
with dust
 
and
noise monitoring and abatement reduce health risks to miners.
 
As underground mines are developed and
 
extended, observation of geological, hydrogeological and
geotechnical
 
conditions
 
leads
 
to
 
modification
 
of mine
 
plans
 
and
 
procedures
 
to
 
enable
 
safe
 
work
within the mine environments.
Highlighted
 
below
 
are
 
selected
 
examples
 
of
 
safety
 
and
 
external
 
factors
 
relevant
 
to
 
Coronado
operations.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
66
22.2.8.5.1
 
Methane Management
Coalbed methane is
 
present in coal
 
operations below
 
drainage.
 
Often the methane
 
concentration
is at such low levels that it can be readily managed with frequent testing and monitoring, vigilance,
and routine mine ventilation.
 
Very high methane concentrations may be present at greater depths.
 
High methane concentrations may require
 
degasification of the coal seam to assure safe mining.
 
Table 22-10:
 
Methane Management (Risk 9)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk Level
Mitigation
Measures
Residual Risk Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Methane hazard is present
in mines operating below
drainage.
Injury or loss of life; possible
ignition of gas and mine
explosion; potential loss of
mine and equipment
temporarily or permanently;
additional mine fan, mine
power, ventilation, monitoring
and examination requirements.
Low to moderate levels can
be managed with frequent
examinations, testing and
monitoring within the mine
ventilation system.
 
Excellent rock dust
maintenance minimizes
explosion propagation risk
should an ignition occur.
1
5
5
Very high-level
methane
concentrations may
require coal seam
degasification and
gob degasification if
longwall or pillar
extraction methods
are employed.
1
5
5
22.2.8.5.2
 
Mine Fires
Mine
 
fires,
 
once
 
common
 
at
 
mine operations,
 
are
 
rare
 
today.
 
Most
 
active
 
coal
 
miners
 
have
 
not
encountered a mine
 
fire.
 
Vastly improved mine power and
 
equipment electrical systems, along
 
with
safe
 
mine
 
practices
 
reduce
 
mine
 
fire
 
risks.
 
Crew
 
training
 
and
 
fire
 
brigade
 
support
 
and
 
training
improve response for containment and
 
control if a
 
fire occurs.
 
Spontaneous combustion within coal
mines, which is the source of most fires that occur today, is not expected to commonly occur at the
Coronado
 
property.
 
When
 
spontaneous
 
combustion
 
conditions
 
are
 
present,
 
monitoring
 
systems
are employed
 
for early
 
detection and
 
mine plans
 
are designed
 
to facilitate
 
isolation, containment
and rapid extinguishment.
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
67
Table 22-11:
 
Mine Fires (Risk 10)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk Level
Mitigation
Measures
Residual Risk Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Mine fire at underground
or surface mine operation.
Injury or loss of life; potential
loss of mine temporarily or
permanently; damage to
equipment and mine
infrastructure.
Inspection and maintenance
of mine power, equipment
and mine infrastructure;
good housekeeping;
frequent examination of
conveyor belt entries;
prompt removal of
accumulations of
combustible materials.
1
5
5
If spontaneous
combustion
conditions are
present, enhanced
monitoring and
examination
procedures will be
implemented; mine
design will
incorporate features
to facilitate isolation,
containment and
extinguishment of
spontaneous
combustion
locations.
1
5
5
22.2.8.5.3
 
Availability of Supplies and Equipment
The industry
 
has periodically
 
experienced
 
difficulty receiving
 
timely delivery
 
of mine
 
supplies and
equipment.
 
Availability
 
issues
 
often
 
accompanied
 
boom
 
periods
 
for
 
coal
 
demand.
 
Any
 
future
delivery
 
of
 
supplies
 
and
 
equipment
 
delays
 
are
 
expected
 
to
 
be
 
temporary
 
with
 
limited
 
impact
 
on
production.
Table 22-12:
 
Availability of Supplies and Equipment (Risk 11)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk Level
Mitigation
Measures
Residual Risk Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Disruption of availability
for supplies and
equipment.
Temporary interruption of
production.
Force majeure provision in
coal sales agreements to
limit liability for delayed or
lost sales.
3
2
6
Work closely with
customers to assure
delayed coal
delivery rather than
cancelled sales;
monitor external
conditions and
increase inventory
of critical supplies;
accelerate delivery
of equipment when
possible.
3
1
3
22.2.8.5.4
 
Labor
Work
 
stoppage
 
due
 
to
 
labor
 
protests
 
are
 
considered
 
to
 
be
 
unlikely
 
and
 
accompanied
 
by
 
limited
impact
 
should
 
it
 
occur.
 
Excellent
 
employee
 
relations
 
and
 
communications
 
limit
 
the
 
exposure
 
to
outside protesters.
 
Loss of supervisors
 
and skilled
 
employees to retirement is inevitable;
 
the impact
can be lessened with succession planning, training, and mentorship of new employees.
These will
 
be new
 
mines in
 
an historically
 
United Mine
 
Workers
 
of America
 
(UMWA)
 
represented
area.
 
Newer mines
 
in the area
 
are not represented
 
so the precedent
 
has been set.
 
However,
 
the
Residual risk is shown as slightly elevated over some other Coronado properties.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves for the
Mon Valley Complex Upper Freeport Holdings
in Accordance with the JORC Code and
United States SEC Regulation S-K 1300 as of December 31, 2023
Northern Appalachian Coal Basin
Pennsylvania, USA
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
68
Table 22-13:
 
Labor – Work Stoppage (Risk 12)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk Level
Mitigation
Measures
Residual Risk Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Work stoppage due to
strikes, slowdowns or
secondary boycott
activity.
Loss of production and coal
sales; damaged customer and
employee relations; reputation
loss.
Maintain excellent
employee relations and
communications; maintain
frequent customer
communications.
2
3
6
Develop plan for
employee
communications and
legal support to
minimize impact of
secondary boycott
activities.
2
3
6
Table 22-14:
 
Labor – Retirement (Risk 13)
Aspect
Impact
Control Measures
Initial Risk Level
Mitigation
Measures
Residual Risk Level
P
C
R
P
C
R
Retirement of supervisors
and skilled employees.
Loss of leadership and critical
skills to sustain high levels of
safety, maintenance and
productivity.
Monitor demographics
closely and maintain
communications with
employees who are
approaching retirement
age; maintain employee
selection and training
programs.
3
3
9
Maintain selection of
candidates and
implementation of in-
house or third-party
training for
electricians and
mechanics; develop
employee mentoring
program.
3
2
6
23
 
Recommendations
Coronado is
 
continuing to
 
work both
 
internally and
 
with outside
 
assistance to
 
further define
 
their
Resource Base and to Optimize the LOM Plan.
24
 
References
Publicly available information from various
 
State and Federal agencies was used where
 
relevant.
25
 
Reliance on Information Provided by the Registrant
A summary of
 
the information provided by Coronado relied upon
 
by MM&A for the purposes
 
of this
TRS is provided in
Table 25-1
.
Table 25-1:
 
Information from Registrant Relied Upon by MM&A
Category
Information Provided by Coronado
Report
Section
Marketing
Long-term price forecast used
 
in financial projections
16.2
Legal
Mineral control and surface
 
control rights as shown on maps
3.2, 3.3
Environmental
Permit and bonding information
17.3
ex964p77i0
 
 
APPENDIX
A
 
MM&A QUALIFICATION
ex964p78i0
 
 
 
ex964p77i0
 
 
APPENDIX
B
 
MAPS
ex964p80i0
 
 
ex964p81i0
 
 
 
ex964p82i0
 
 
ex964p77i0
 
 
APPENDIX
C
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Appendix C
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
1
Glossary of Abbreviations and Definitions
Abbreviation
Definition
ACPS
Analysis of Coal Pillar Stability
ASTM
ASTM International
AVS
Applicant Violator System
Btu/lb.
British Thermal Unit per pound
Carlson
Carlson
 
Mining
 
 
formerly
 
SurvCADD®
 
 
a
 
prevalent
 
software
 
package
 
used
 
for
modeling in the Appalachian region
CFR
Code of Federal Regulations
Coronado
Coronado Global Resources Inc.
CSR
Coke strength after
 
reaction
 
CSX
CSX Corporation, a rail-based freight transportation
 
company
Demonstrated
reserves
Demonstrated reserves are the sum of proven
 
and probable reserves.
EBITDA
Earnings before Interest,
 
Taxes,
 
Depreciation, and Amortization
 
EOM
End-of-mine reclamation
EPA
United States Environmental
 
Protection Agency
 
ESA
Limited Phase I Environmental Site Assessment
Feasibility Study
“…comprehensive
 
technical
 
and
 
economic
 
study
 
of
 
the
 
selected
 
development
option for
 
a mineral
 
project,
 
which includes
 
detailed
 
assessments
 
of all
 
applicable
modifying factors together with any other relevant operational factors, and detailed
financial analysis
 
that are
 
necessary to
 
demonstrate,
 
at the
 
time of
 
reporting, that
extraction is
 
economically viable.
 
According to the
 
proposed definition, the
 
results
of the
 
study may
 
serve as
 
the basis
 
for
 
a final
 
decision by
 
a proponent
 
or financial
institution
 
to
 
proceed
 
with,
 
or
 
finance,
 
the
 
development
 
of
 
the
 
project.
 
Thus,
 
a
feasibility
 
study
 
is
 
more
 
comprehensive,
 
with
 
a
 
higher
 
degree
 
of
 
accuracy,
 
and
yielding results with a higher level of confidence, than a pre-feasibility study.”
 
HWM
Highwall mining
In situ
Its natural position;
 
said specific
 
of a
 
rock, soil,
 
or fossil when
 
in the
 
situation in
 
which
was originally formed or deposited
Indicated
Resources
Indicated resources are those lying between 0.4-kilometer
 
and 1.2-kilometer radius
from such an observation point and reported herein as in-situ mineral
 
resources.
Inferred Resources
Inferred
 
resources
 
lie
 
more
 
than
 
a
 
1.2-kilometer
 
radius
 
from
 
a
 
valid
 
point
 
of
measurement but
 
less than 4.8
 
kilometers from
 
one and
 
reported herein
 
as in-situ
mineral resources.
JORC Code
Australasian
 
Code for
 
Reporting of
 
Exploration Results,
 
Mineral Resources
 
and Ore
Reserves
lb. SO2 / mm Btu
Pounds per sulfur dioxide per million British thermal units
LOM
Life-of-mine
M&R
Maintenance and repair
Measured
Resources
Measured resources are those lying within 0.4-kilometer radius
 
from a valid point of
measurement and reported herein as in-situ mineral resources.
MINER Act
Mine Improvement and New Emergency Response Act of 2006
 
Mineral Reserve
“…the
 
economically
 
mineable
 
part
 
of
 
a
 
Measured
 
and/or
 
Indicated
 
Mineral
Resource.
 
It includes
 
dilution materials and
 
allowances for losses,
 
which occur when
the material is mined
 
or extracted and is defined
 
by studies at Preliminary
 
Feasibility
or
 
Feasibility
 
level
 
as
 
appropriate
 
that
 
include
 
Modifying
 
Factors.
 
Such
 
studies
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Appendix C
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Abbreviation
Definition
demonstrate
 
that,
 
at
 
the
 
time
 
of
 
reporting,
 
extraction
 
of
 
the
 
mineral
 
reserve
 
is
economically viable under reasonable investment and marketing
 
assumptions.”
 
Mineral Resource
“…a
 
concentration
 
or
 
occurrence
 
of
 
solid
 
material
 
of
 
economic
 
interest
 
or
 
on
 
the
Earth’s
 
crust in such
 
form, grade
 
or quality that
 
there are
 
reasonable prospects
 
for
eventual
 
economic extraction.
 
The location,
 
quantity,
 
grade,
 
continuity and
 
other
geological
 
characteristics
 
and
 
continuity
 
of
 
a
 
Mineral
 
Resource
 
are
 
known,
estimated or interpreted from specific
 
geological evidence and
 
knowledge, including
sampling.”
 
MM&A
Marshall Miller & Associates, Inc.
Modifying Factors
“…considerations
 
used
 
to
 
convert
 
Mineral
 
Resources
 
to
 
Mineral
 
Reserves.
 
These
include, but
 
are not
 
restricted
 
to,
 
mining, processing,
 
metallurgical,
 
infrastructure,
economic,
 
marketing,
 
legal,
 
environmental
 
compliance,
 
plans,
 
negotiations,
 
or
agreements with local individuals or groups and governmental factors.”
MRMR
Mineral Resources to Mineral Reserves
MSHA
United States Department of Labor Mine Safety and Health Administration
Mt
Million metric tonnes
NELAP
National Environmental Laboratory
 
Accreditation Program
NIOSH
National Institute for Occupational Safety
 
and Health
NRTL
Nationally Recognized Test
 
Laboratory
NS
Norfolk Southern Corporation, a rail-based freight transportation
 
company
O&M
Operating and maintenance
 
OSD
Out-of-seam dilution
P&L
Profit and loss before tax
 
P.E.
Professional Engineer
Preliminary
Feasibility Study
“…as a
 
comprehensive
 
study of
 
a range
 
of options
 
for
 
the technical
 
and economic
viability of a mineral
 
project that has
 
advanced to a
 
stage where
 
a qualified person
has determined (in the case of underground mining) a preferred
 
mining method, or
in the case of surface mining) a pit configuration, and in all cases has determined an
effective method of mineral
 
processing and an
 
effective plan to sell
 
the product.
 
The
study’s financial analysis must
 
have the level of detail
 
necessary to demonstrate,
 
at
the time of reporting, that extraction is economically viable.
 
In addition, as noted in
the proposed definition of a pre-feasibility
 
study, while
 
a pre-feasibility study is less
comprehensive and results in a lower
 
confidence level than a
 
feasibility study, a pre-
feasibility study is more comprehensive and results
 
in a higher confidence level
 
than
an initial assessment.”
 
Property(ies)
Bituminous coal
 
deposits located
 
in southwestern
 
Pennsylvania.
 
The Pennsylvania
properties
 
include
 
the
 
combined
 
Pangburg,
 
Shaner,
 
and
 
Fallowfield
 
underground
mines in the Upper Freeport seam.
 
QP
Qualified Person
Qualified Person
“…a person who is a
 
mineral industry professional with at least five years of
 
relevant
experience in the
 
type of
 
mineralization and type
 
of deposit
 
under consideration and
in the specific type of activity that person is undertaking on behalf of the registrant.
 
In
 
addition,
 
the
 
proposed
 
definition
 
requires
 
a
 
qualified
 
person
 
to
 
be
 
an
 
eligible
member
 
or licensee
 
in good
 
standing
 
of a
 
recognized
 
professional
 
organization
 
at
the
time the technical report is prepared.”
RECs
Recognized Environmental
 
Conditions
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Appendix C
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Abbreviation
Definition
Resource Database
The Resource Database is
 
established by the
 
collection, validation, recording, storing
and
 
processing
 
of
 
data
 
and
 
forms
 
the
 
foundation
 
necessary
 
for
 
the
 
estimation
 
of
Mineral Resource and Mineral Reserve.
 
A quality assurance and
 
quality control program is essential and
 
must be established
to govern the collection of all data.
 
In reporting, a Mineral Resource must meet the
minimum requirement of
 
“reasonable prospects for
 
economic extraction”.
 
This will
require
 
the
 
concurrent
 
collection
 
and
 
storage
 
of
 
preliminary
 
economic,
 
mining,
metallurgical, environmental,
 
legal and social data
 
and other information for
 
use in
the estimation of MRMR.
 
The Resource Database will include both “primary”
 
(observation and measurement)
and
 
“interpreted”
 
data.
 
It
 
is
 
recommended
 
that
 
data
 
be
 
stored
 
digitally,
 
using
 
a
documented,
 
standard
 
format
 
and
 
a reliable
 
storage
 
medium that
 
allows
 
for
 
easy
and complete retrieval of the data.
ROM
Run-of-mine
S-K 1300
United
 
States
 
Securities
 
and
 
Exchange
 
Commission
 
Regulation
 
S-K
 
1300
Modernization of Property Disclosures
SEC
U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission
SMCRA
Surface Mining Control
 
and Reclamation Act of 1977
 
is the primary federal law that
regulates the environmental
 
effects of coal mining in the United States.
Strip Ratio
Represented by bcm of overburden to recoverable
 
coal tonnes
 
tph
tonnes per hour
 
TRS
Technical
 
Report Summary
USA
United States of America
USFW
United States Fish and Wildlife
USGS
United States Geologic Survey
 
VALMIN Code
Australasian
 
Code for
 
Public Reporting
 
of Technical
 
Assessments and
 
Valuations
 
of
Mineral Assets
ex964p77i0
 
 
APPENDIX
D
 
JORC TABLE 13
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
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Section 1 Sampling Techniques and Data
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Sampling techniques
>
 
Nature
 
and
 
quality
 
of
 
sampling
 
(e.g.
 
cut
 
channels,
 
random
 
chips,
 
or
 
specific
 
specialised
industry standard measurement
 
tools appropriate to
 
the minerals under
 
investigation, such
as downhole gamma sondes, or handheld XRF instruments, etc.). These examples should not
be taken as limiting the broad meaning of sampling.
>
 
Include reference
 
to
 
measures taken
 
to ensure
 
sample representivity
 
and
 
the appropriate
calibration of any measurement tools or systems used.
>
 
Aspects of the determination
 
of mineralisation that are Material to
 
the Public Report. In
 
cases
where ‘industry standard’
 
work has been
 
done this would
 
be relatively simple
 
(e.g. ‘reverse
circulation drilling was used
 
to obtain 1 m samples
 
from which 3 kg was
 
pulverised to produce
a 30 g charge for
 
fire assay’). In
 
other cases, more explanation
 
may be required, such as
 
where
there
 
is
 
coarse
 
gold
 
that
 
has
 
inherent
 
sampling
 
problems.
 
Unusual
 
commodities
 
or
mineralisation types (e.g.
 
submarine nodules)
 
may warrant disclosure of
 
detailed information.
>
 
Most of the coal samples have
 
been obtained from the Properties by
 
subsurface exploration using
core drilling techniques.
 
The protocol for
 
preparing and testing
 
the samples has
 
varied over time
and is not well documented for the older holes drilled on the Properties.
>
 
Typical USA
 
core drilling sampling technique
 
is for the
 
coal core sample,
 
once recovered from
 
the
core barrel, to be described then wrapped in a sealed plastic sleeve and placed into a covered core
box, which is the length of the sample so that the core can be delivered to a laboratory in relatively
intact condition and with original moisture content.
>
 
It
 
is
 
reasonable
 
to
 
assume,
 
given
 
the
 
sophistication
 
level
 
of
 
the
 
previous
 
operators,
 
that
 
these
samples were generally collected and
 
processed under industry best-practices.
 
This assumption is
based on MM&A’s familiarity with the
 
operating companies and the
 
companies used to perform the
analysis.
 
>
 
Some
 
of
 
the
 
drill
 
holes
 
were
 
air
 
rotary
 
bored
 
and
 
no
 
coal
 
core
 
samples
 
were
 
collected.
 
Seam
thickness for rotary-drilled bore holes is verified by calibrated downhole gamma-density logs.
 
>
 
Coal samples
 
that were
 
deemed by
 
MM&A geologists
 
to be
 
unrepresentative
 
were not
 
used for
statistical analysis of coal quality, as documented in the tabulations.
 
A representative group of drill
hole samples from the Properties were then checked against the original drill laboratory reports to
verify accuracy and correctness.
 
Drilling techniques
>
 
Drill type (e.g.
 
core, reverse
 
circulation, open-hole
 
hammer,
 
rotary air
 
blast, auger,
 
Bangka,
sonic, etc.)
 
and details
 
(e.g. core
 
diameter,
 
triple or
 
standard tube,
 
depth of
 
diamond tails,
face-sampling bit or other type, whether core is oriented and if so, by what method, etc.).
>
 
The
 
Properties
 
have
 
been
 
extensively
 
explored
 
by
 
subsurface
 
drilling
 
efforts
 
carried
 
out
 
by
numerous entities, most of which
 
were completed prior to
 
acquisition by Coronado.
 
The majority
of the drilling was accomplished using vertical continuous (diamond) coring or air rotary methods.
>
 
Core drilling methods utilize NX-size (5.4 centimeter) or similar-sized core cylinders to
 
recover core
samples, which can
 
be used to
 
delineate geologic
 
characteristics, and
 
for coal
 
quality testing
 
and
geotechnical logging.
 
>
 
Data for the rotary drilled
 
holes is mainly derived from downhole geophysical
 
logs, which are used
to interpret coal and rock thickness and depth since logging of the drill cuttings is not reliable.
>
 
Geophysical logging was performed on
 
many of the holes, either
 
by Geological Logging Systems
 
(a
division of MM&A), other
 
geophysical logging contractors,
 
and on those properties
 
acquired from
CONSOL geophysical logging was often performed by CONSOL’s in-house logging services.
Drill sample recovery
>
 
Method of recording and assessing core and chip sample recoveries and results assessed.
>
 
Measures
 
taken
 
to
 
maximise
 
sample
 
recovery
 
and
 
ensure
 
representative
 
nature
 
of
 
the
samples.
>
 
Whether a relationship exists
 
between sample recovery and grade
 
and whether sample bias
may have occurred due to preferential loss/gain of fine/coarse material.
>
 
Where
 
available,
 
core
 
recovery
 
thickness
 
of
 
coal
 
samples
 
was
 
reconciled
 
with
 
the
 
thickness
interpreted from geophysical logs.
>
 
Core recovery of
 
the older coal
 
samples lacking geophysical
 
logs is sometimes
 
not well-documented:
however,
 
when
 
the
 
laboratory
 
results
 
for
 
such
 
holes
 
had
 
anomalous
 
values,
 
the
 
data
 
was
disqualified and not used.
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
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Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Logging
>
 
Whether core and chip samples
 
have been geologically and geotechnically logged
 
to a level of
detail to support appropriate
 
Mineral Resource estimation,
 
mining studies and metallurgical
studies.
>
 
Whether
 
logging
 
is
 
qualitative
 
or
 
quantitative
 
in
 
nature.
 
Core
 
(or
 
costean,
 
channel,
 
etc.)
photography.
>
 
The total length and percentage of the relevant intersections logged.
>
 
A wide variety of core-logging
 
techniques exist for the properties.
 
For many of the core
 
holes, the
primary data source
 
is a generalized lithology
 
description by the
 
driller, in some cases supplemented
by a more detailed core log completed by a geologist.
 
>
 
The logging
 
of core
 
thickness and
 
depth is
 
quantitative.
 
With the
 
exception
 
of
 
the coal
 
seams,
logging of rock strata type is more subjective and best considered as qualitative.
Sub-sampling
techniques and sample
preparation
>
 
If core, whether cut or sawn and whether quarter, half or all core taken.
>
 
If non-core, whether riffled, tube sampled, rotary split, etc. and whether sampled wet or dry.
>
 
For
 
all
 
sample
 
types,
 
the
 
nature,
 
quality
 
and
 
appropriateness
 
of
 
the
 
sample
 
preparation
technique.
>
 
Quality control procedures adopted for all sub-sampling stages
 
to maximise representivity of
samples.
>
 
Measures taken to ensure that the
 
sampling is representative of the in
 
situ material collected,
including for instance results for field duplicate/second-half sampling.
>
 
Whether sample sizes are appropriate to the grain size of the material being sampled.
>
 
Typical US
 
practice in the
 
Appalachian Basin is
 
that core samples
 
for deep mineable
 
core samples
are not sawn or
 
subsampled (since seams are
 
not of great thickness
 
and the entire
 
seam is mined
and co-mingled).
 
The entire coal interval drilled is generally analyzed.
>
 
Oftentimes, core for surface-mineable coal seams are
 
bench sampled separately by the
 
various coal
and rock layers (plies).
>
 
MM&A has exercised diligence to use
 
only those analyses that are
 
representative of the coal quality
parameters for the appropriate mining type for each sample.
Quality of assay data
and laboratory tests
>
 
The nature, quality and appropriateness of the assaying and laboratory
 
procedures used and
whether the technique is considered partial or total.
>
 
For geophysical tools, spectrometers, handheld XRF instruments,
 
etc., the parameters used in
determining the
 
analysis including
 
instrument make
 
and model,
 
reading times,
 
calibrations
factors applied and their derivation, etc.
>
 
Nature
 
of
 
quality
 
control
 
procedures
 
adopted
 
(e.g.
 
standards,
 
blanks,
 
duplicates,
 
external
laboratory checks) and whether acceptable levels
 
of accuracy (i.e. lack of
 
bias) and precision
have been established.
>
 
Sample analysis was typically carried out by accredited US laboratories.
 
>
 
Standard procedure upon receipt of
 
core samples by the testing laboratory
 
is to log the depth and
thickness of
 
the sample,
 
then perform
 
testing
 
as
 
specified by
 
a
 
representative
 
of
 
the operating
company.
 
Each
 
sample
 
is
 
then
 
analyzed
 
in
 
accordance
 
with
 
procedures
 
defined
 
under
 
ASTM
International (ASTM) standards including, but not limited to; washability (ASTM D4371); ash (ASTM
D3174); sulfur
 
(ASTM D4239); Btu/lb.
 
(ASTM D5865); volatile
 
matter (ASTM D3175);
 
Free Swell Index
(FSI) (ASTM D720).
>
 
Geophysical
 
tools
 
are
 
calibrated
 
by
 
the
 
logging
 
company
 
and
 
where
 
possible, validated
 
using
 
a
calibration hole.
Verification of
sampling and assaying
>
 
The
 
verification
 
of
 
significant
 
intersections
 
by
 
either
 
independent
 
or
 
alternative
 
company
personnel.
>
 
The use of twinned holes.
>
 
Documentation
 
of
 
primary
 
data,
 
data
 
entry
 
procedures,
 
data
 
verification,
 
data
 
storage
(physical and electronic) protocols.
>
 
Discuss any adjustment to assay data.
>
 
All coal intersection data
 
used to generate
 
the geologic model has been
 
cross referenced with
 
the
lithological and geophysical logs by MM&A.
>
 
Laboratory
 
quality
 
was
 
adjusted
 
from
 
dry
 
basis
 
to
 
reflect
 
the
 
anticipated
 
marketable
 
product
moisture.
>
 
Coal quality results
 
were verified
 
by spot-check
 
with laboratory
 
analysis sheets
 
by MM&A
 
before
inclusion into the geologic model and use in the resource estimate.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
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3
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Location of data points
>
 
Accuracy
 
and
 
quality
 
of
 
surveys
 
used
 
to
 
locate
 
drill
 
holes
 
(collar
 
and
 
down-hole
 
surveys),
trenches, mine workings and other locations used in Mineral Resource estimation.
>
 
Specification of the grid system used.
>
 
Quality and adequacy of topographic control.
>
 
Due to the long history of exploration by various parties on the Properties, a wide variety of survey
techniques exist for
 
documentation of data
 
point locations.
 
Many of the
 
older exploration drill
 
holes
appear to
 
have been located
 
by ground survey;
 
more recently completed
 
drill holes
 
are often located
by high-resolution Global Positioning System (GPS) units.
>
 
Grid systems used are typically the State Plane Coordinate System pertinent to each property.
 
>
 
Topography
 
is based
 
on either
 
the USGS
 
topographic 7.5-minute
 
quadrangle
 
maps or
 
on recent
aerial photogrammetry as necessary (subject to availability).
Data spacing and
distribution
>
 
Data spacing for reporting of Exploration Results.
>
 
Whether the data
 
spacing and distribution
 
is sufficient to
 
establish the degree
 
of geological
and
 
grade
 
continuity
 
appropriate
 
for
 
the
 
Mineral
 
Resource
 
and
 
Ore
 
Reserve
 
estimation
procedure(s) and classifications applied.
>
 
Whether sample compositing has been applied.
>
 
Spacing and distribution of data point information may vary from seam to seam within each mining
area.
 
The areas estimated for coal resource and
 
coal reserve tonnes have been limited so that the
data spacing
 
and distribution
 
is sufficient to
 
establish the degree
 
of geological
 
continuity appropriate
for the estimation and classification of the coal tonnes.
 
>
 
MM&A performed a
 
geostatistical analysis using
 
the Drill Hole
 
Spacing Analysis
 
(DHSA) method.
 
This
method attempts to quantify the uncertainty of applying a measurement from a central location to
increasingly
 
larger
 
square
 
blocks
 
and
 
provides
 
recommendations
 
for
 
determining
 
the
 
distances
between drill holes for measured, indicated, and inferred resources.
>
 
All of the
 
coal resource
 
tonnes are
 
in the measured,
 
indicated, and
 
inferred categories,
 
and all of
the coal reserve
 
tonnes are in
 
the proved and
 
probable categories in accordance
 
with the JORC
 
Code
and SEC standards.
 
Orientation of data in
relation to geological
structure
>
 
Whether the orientation
 
of sampling achieves
 
unbiased sampling of
 
possible structures and
the extent to which this is known, considering the deposit type.
>
 
If
 
the relationship
 
between
 
the drilling
 
orientation and
 
the
 
orientation
 
of
 
key
 
mineralised
structures
 
is
 
considered
 
to
 
have
 
introduced
 
a
 
sampling
 
bias,
 
this
 
should
 
be
 
assessed
 
and
reported if material.
>
 
Drill holes have
 
been vertically
 
drilled.
 
No downhole deviation
 
logs have
 
been collected and
 
it is
therefore not
 
known if
 
the drill
 
holes have
 
deviated away
 
from vertical.
 
Based on
 
the relatively
shallow seam depths,
 
any deviation is
 
expected to be
 
insignificant and immaterial
 
to the geologic
characterization of the Property.
>
 
The dip
 
of the
 
coal seams
 
is relatively
 
minor,
 
generally 1-2
 
degrees and
 
not a
 
material issue
 
for
representation of seam thickness or quality.
Sample security
The measures taken to ensure sample security.
>
 
Sample handling procedures employed by explorationists
 
follow typical US protocol and
 
should be
adequate to ensure sample security.
Audits or reviews
The results of any audits or reviews of sampling techniques and data.
>
 
MM&A
 
has
 
reviewed
 
all
 
available
 
geological
 
information
 
for
 
the
 
Properties
 
in
 
developing
 
the
geologic model.
 
Only that data deemed
 
suitable has been used for
 
the purpose of generating
 
the
resource and reserve estimates.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
ARSHALL
M
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&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
4
Section 2 Reporting of Exploration Results
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Mineral tenement and
land tenure status
>
 
Type,
 
reference
 
name/number,
 
location
 
and
 
ownership
 
including
 
agreements
 
or
 
material
issues with third parties such as joint ventures, partnerships,
 
overriding royalties, native title
interests, historical sites, wilderness or national park and environmental settings.
>
 
The security of the
 
tenure held at the time
 
of reporting along with
 
any known impediments to
obtaining a license to operate in the area.
>
 
The
 
Coronado
 
coal
 
resources
 
are
 
located
 
within
 
the
 
United
 
States
 
of
 
America
 
in
 
the
 
states
 
of
Virginia;
 
West
 
Virginia;
 
and
 
Pennsylvania.
 
Control
 
of
 
these
 
Properties
 
is
 
governed
 
by
 
multiple
agreements.
>
 
MM&A has
 
not carried
 
out separate
 
title verification
 
for the
 
coal properties
 
and has
 
not verified
leases, deeds, surveys or other property control instruments pertinent to the subject resources.
 
>
 
Coronado has represented to MM&A
 
that it controls the mining
 
rights to the coal
 
deposits as shown
on its property maps, and MM&A has accepted these as being a true and accurate depiction of the
mineral
 
rights
 
controlled
 
by
 
Coronado.
 
The
 
TRS
 
assumes
 
the
 
properties
 
are
 
developed
 
under
responsible and experienced management.
>
 
There are no known legal or environmental encumbrances that
 
would impede development of the
subject coal reserves.
Exploration done by
other parties
>
 
Acknowledgment and appraisal of exploration by other parties.
>
 
The
 
Properties
 
have
 
been
 
extensively
 
explored
 
by
 
subsurface
 
drilling
 
efforts
 
carried
 
out
 
by
numerous entities, most of which were completed prior to acquisition by Coronado.
>
 
This exploration work
 
was generally performed to
 
prevailing US best practice
 
standards and deemed
adequate for the purposes of this TRS.
 
Geology
>
 
Deposit type, geological setting and style of mineralisation.
>
 
The Coronado coal resources are located within the Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basin.
>
 
The coal
 
deposits are Carboniferous
 
in age,
 
being of the
 
Pennsylvanian system
 
with sedimentary,
stratigraphic deposition.
>
 
Seam of
 
economic significance
 
typically ranges
 
between 0.3
 
meters and
 
1.8 meters
 
in thickness,
with relatively little structural deformation.
>
 
Regional structure is
 
typically characterized
 
by gently dipping
 
strata to
 
the northwest at
 
less than
one percent.
Drill hole Information
>
 
A
 
summary
 
of
 
all
 
information
 
material
 
to
 
the
 
understanding
 
of
 
the
 
exploration
 
results
including a tabulation of the following information for all Material drill holes:
 
easting and northing of the drill hole collar
 
elevation or
 
RL (Reduced
 
Level –
 
elevation above
 
sea level
 
in metres)
 
of the
 
drill hole
collar
 
dip and azimuth of the hole
 
down hole length and interception depth
 
hole length.
>
 
If the exclusion of this information is
 
justified on the basis that
 
the information is not Material
and this
 
exclusion
 
does not
 
detract
 
from the
 
understanding
 
of the
 
report, the
 
Competent
Person should clearly explain why this is the case.
>
 
MM&A reviewed and entered all pertinent data into a
 
digital geologic database for each Coronado
property.
 
The
 
database
 
consists
 
of
 
thousands
 
of
 
data
 
records,
 
which
 
include
 
drill
 
hole
 
and
supplemental coal seam thickness measurements from outcrop and mine exposures.
 
>
 
All drill holes
 
in the database
 
are provided with
 
a collar elevation
 
and the State
 
Plane Coordinate
System easting and northing coordinate.
>
 
After MM&A confirmed
 
proper coal seam
 
thickness and correlation, the
 
seam data was
 
modelled
and compiled into coal resource maps.
>
 
The maps are provided in the TRS show drill hole locations;
 
however, a
 
tabulation of the individual
data records is not practical to include.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
5
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Data aggregation
methods
>
 
In reporting Exploration Results, weighting averaging techniques, maximum and/or minimum
grade
 
truncations (e.g.
 
cutting of
 
high
 
grades) and
 
cut-off
 
grades
 
are usually
 
Material and
should be stated.
>
 
Where aggregate intercepts incorporate short
 
lengths of high grade
 
results and longer lengths
of low
 
grade
 
results, the
 
procedure used
 
for such
 
aggregation
 
should be
 
stated
 
and some
typical examples of such aggregations should be shown in detail.
>
 
The assumptions used for any reporting of metal equivalent values should be clearly stated.
>
 
If a coal seam has been
 
bench sampled,
 
the individual analyses for the coal plies
 
would be weight-
averaged to represent the total of recoverable coal to be included in the quality model.
>
 
Coal quality summary
 
results have been documented
 
in the TRS.
 
Average coal quality on
 
a per-seam
basis is used to represent the coal resources within a given mining area.
>
 
Average coal quality for each Coronado complex is provided in Tables 1-1, 1-2 and 1-3 of this TRS.
 
>
 
No other data aggregations methods are used.
Relationship between
mineralisation widths
and intercept lengths
>
 
These relationships are particularly important in the reporting of Exploration Results.
>
 
If the geometry of the mineralisation
 
with respect to the drill hole angle
 
is known, its nature
should be reported.
>
 
If
 
it
 
is
 
not
 
known
 
and
 
only
 
the
 
down
 
hole
 
lengths
 
are
 
reported,
 
there
 
should
 
be
 
a
 
clear
statement to this effect (e.g. ‘down hole length, true width not known’).
>
 
Coal thickness values from all coal
 
intersections and down hole geophysical
 
logs are considered to
be vertical thicknesses.
 
Seam dip of approximately 2.0 to
 
3.0 degrees has little effect on the
 
vertical
thickness of the seam.
Diagrams
>
 
Appropriate maps and sections (with scales) and tabulations of intercepts should be included
for any significant discovery being reported These should include,
 
but not be limited to a plan
view of drill hole collar locations and appropriate sectional views.
>
 
Diagrams and maps showing the coal seam intercepts are presented in the TRS.
Balanced reporting
>
 
Where comprehensive
 
reporting of
 
all Exploration
 
Results is
 
not practicable,
 
representative
reporting of both low and high grades and/or widths should be practiced to avoid misleading
reporting of Exploration Results.
>
 
All of the available, qualified exploration data
 
has been included within the tabulations, maps, and
diagrams for this TRS.
>
 
Both coal thickness and
 
quality data are
 
deemed by MM&A to
 
be reasonably sufficient within
 
the
resource areas.
 
Therefore, there is a reasonable level of confidence in the geologic interpretations
required for coal resource determination based on the
 
available data and the techniques applied to
the data.
Other substantive
exploration data
>
 
Other exploration
 
data,
 
if meaningful
 
and
 
material,
 
should be
 
reported
 
including (but
 
not
limited to):
 
geological observations;
 
geophysical survey
 
results; geochemical
 
survey results;
bulk
 
samples
 
 
size
 
and
 
method
 
of
 
treatment;
 
metallurgical
 
test
 
results;
 
bulk
 
density,
groundwater,
 
geotechnical and
 
rock
 
characteristics; potential
 
deleterious or
 
contaminating
substances.
>
 
Informational material available
 
from the U.S.
 
Geological Survey and
 
the respective State
 
Surveys
was used to assist in the Resource estimate.
 
Further work
>
 
The
 
nature
 
and
 
scale
 
of
 
planned
 
further
 
work
 
(e.g.
 
tests
 
for
 
lateral
 
extensions
 
or
 
depth
extensions or large-scale step-out drilling).
>
 
Diagrams clearly highlighting
 
the areas of
 
possible extensions, including
 
the main geological
interpretations
 
and
 
future
 
drilling
 
areas,
 
provided
 
this
 
information
 
is
 
not
 
commercially
sensitive.
>
 
Further
 
work
 
is
 
expected
 
to
 
include
 
additional
 
exploration,
 
geotechnical
 
testing,
 
coal
 
quality
analyses, and coal property acquisition.
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
6
Section 3 Estimation and Reporting of Mineral Resources
(Criteria listed in the preceding section also apply to this section.)
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Database integrity
>
 
Measures taken to ensure that data has not been corrupted
 
by, for example, transcription or
keying
 
errors,
 
between
 
its
 
initial
 
collection
 
and
 
its
 
use
 
for
 
Mineral
 
Resource
 
estimation
purposes.
>
 
Data validation procedures used.
>
 
MM&A confirmed coal
 
seam thickness
 
and correlations in
 
databases used for
 
coal deposit
 
modelling.
 
Representative records were spot-checked for data entry validation.
 
>
 
Geophysical logs were
 
used wherever available to
 
assist in confirming
 
the seam correlation and to
verify proper seam thickness measurements and recovery of coal samples.
Site visits
>
 
Comment on any site visits undertaken by the
 
Competent Person and the outcome of
 
those
visits.
>
 
If no site visits have been undertaken indicate why this is the case.
>
 
MM&A is very familiar with the Properties and has conducted multiple site visits and evaluations of
the Property and adjoining properties throughout the years.
 
>
 
A
 
site visit
 
to
 
Mon Valley
 
was
 
conducted
 
as
 
recently
 
as
 
December 2023,
 
although there
 
are
 
no
facilities or surface expression of the coal reserves on the Property.
 
Planned surface areas for mine
facilities were viewed.
Geological
interpretation
>
 
Confidence in (or conversely, the uncertainty of) the geological interpretation of the mineral
deposit.
>
 
Nature of the data used and of any assumptions made.
>
 
The effect, if any, of alternative interpretations
 
on Mineral Resource estimation.
>
 
The use of geology in guiding and controlling Mineral Resource estimation.
>
 
The factors affecting continuity both of grade and geology.
>
 
Due to the relative structural simplicity of the deposits and the reasonable continuity of the tabular
coal
 
beds,
 
the
 
principal
 
geological
 
interpretation
 
necessary
 
to
 
define
 
the
 
geometry
 
of
 
the
 
coal
deposits is the proper modeling of their thickness and elevation.
 
>
 
Both coal thickness
 
and quality data
 
are deemed by
 
MM&A to
 
be reasonable within
 
the resource
areas.
 
>
 
Therefore, there is a reasonable level of confidence in the geologic interpretations required for coal
resource determination based on the available data and the techniques applied to the data.
Dimensions
>
 
The
 
extent
 
and
 
variability
 
of
 
the
 
Mineral
 
Resource
 
expressed
 
as
 
length
 
(along
 
strike
 
or
otherwise), plan width, and
 
depth below surface to the
 
upper and lower limits of
 
the Mineral
Resource.
>
 
The
 
subject
 
coal
 
resource
 
areas
 
mostly
 
exist
 
in
 
discreet,
 
individual
 
deposits
 
of
 
highly
 
variable
dimensions, shapes, and depth below the ground surface.
>
 
Such factors are best depicted in the maps contained in the TRS.
>
 
Details of the parameters
 
are cited within
 
the TRS and
 
included in the table
 
of Cut-off Parameters
listed in Section 11.1 of the TRS.
 
Estimation and
modelling techniques
>
 
The nature and appropriateness
 
of the estimation technique(s)
 
applied and key assumptions,
including
 
treatment
 
of
 
extreme
 
grade
 
values,
 
domaining,
 
interpolation
 
parameters
 
and
maximum
 
distance
 
of
 
extrapolation
 
from
 
data
 
points.
 
If
 
a
 
computer
 
assisted
 
estimation
method was chosen include a description of computer software and parameters used.
>
 
The availability of check estimates,
 
previous estimates and/or mine
 
production records and
whether the Mineral Resource estimate takes appropriate account of such data.
>
 
The assumptions made regarding recovery of by-products.
>
 
Estimation of
 
deleterious
 
elements or
 
other non-grade
 
variables of
 
economic significance
(e.g. sulphur for acid mine drainage characterisation).
>
 
In the
 
case of
 
block model
 
interpolation, the
 
block size
 
in relation
 
to the
 
average
 
sample
spacing and the search employed.
>
 
Geological
 
data
 
was
 
imported
 
into
 
Carlson
 
Mining®
 
(formerly
 
SurvCADD®)
 
geological
 
modelling
software in
 
the form
 
of Microsoft®
 
Excel files
 
incorporating, drill
 
hole collars,
 
seam and
 
thickness
picks, bottom
 
seam elevations
 
and raw
 
and washed
 
coal quality.
 
These data
 
files were
 
validated
prior to importing into the software.
>
 
Once imported, a geologic model was created.
>
 
The geological model was verified and reviewed.
 
>
 
Resources were estimated by
 
defining seam thickness at each point of observation and
 
by defining
resource confidence arcs around the points of observation.
>
 
Points of observation
 
for Measured and Indicated
 
confidence arcs were defined
 
for all drill
 
holes that
intersected the seam.
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
7
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
>
 
Any assumptions behind modelling of selective mining units.
>
 
Any assumptions about correlation between variables.
>
 
Description of how the geological interpretation was used to control the resource estimates.
>
 
Discussion of basis for using or not using grade cutting or capping.
>
 
The process of validation,
 
the checking process used,
 
the comparison of model
 
data to drill
hole data, and use of reconciliation data if available.
>
 
As prescribed by
 
the common United
 
States classification system the
 
following distances from points
of observation were used to define the corresponding Resource category arcs:
-
 
Inferred Resources
 
– greater
 
than 3,960
 
feet (1.2
 
kilometers) but
 
less than
 
15,840 feet
 
(4.8
kilometers)
-
 
Indicated Resources – 3,960 feet (1.2 kilometers)
-
 
Measured Resources – 1,320 feet (0.4 kilometers)
>
 
The use of the
 
standards commonly used in
 
the United States are
 
appropriate and customary for this
resource jurisdiction and deposition type.
>
 
MM&A performed a
 
geostatistical analysis test of
 
the Coronado data
 
sets using the
 
Drill Hole Spacing
Analysis (DHSA) method to justify coal resource confidence levels.
>
 
Based on MM&A’s analysis, it
 
would be possible
 
to extend the measured,
 
indicated and inferred arcs
slightly beyond historically accepted practices due
 
to consistent geological settings.
 
The QP’s have
elected not to extend arc distances, introducing a level of conservatism in the coal classification.
Moisture
>
 
Whether the tonnages
 
are estimated on a dry
 
basis or with
 
natural moisture, and the
 
method
of determination of the moisture content.
>
 
Coal resource tonnes are presented on a dry, in-situ basis.
>
 
Reserve tonnes are presented on a moist basis at
 
anticipated product moisture ranging from 4.0 to
6.0 percent.
 
Moisture content based on historic analyses of shipped coal from the region.
Cut-off Parameters
>
 
The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) or quality parameters applied.
>
 
The cut-off parameters were tailored
 
for each of the Coronado properties to be in accordance with
mining/ processing capabilities and market conditions prevalent at each operation.
>
 
Examples include minimum recoverable coal thickness, acceptable ash
 
content and wash recovery,
and manageable overburden to coal ratio for surface mineable coal.
>
 
Details of the parameters
 
are cited within
 
the TRS and
 
included in the table
 
of Cut-off Parameters
listed in Section 11.1 of this TRS.
>
 
These
 
cut-off
 
parameters
 
have
 
been
 
developed
 
by
 
MM&A
 
based
 
on
 
its
 
experience
 
with
 
the
Coronado properties
 
and other
 
mining
 
operations of
 
the Central
 
and
 
Northern Appalachian
 
coal
basin.
 
This experience includes technical and
 
economic evaluations of numerous properties
 
in the
region for the purposes of determining the economic viability of the subject coal reserves.
Mining factors or
assumptions
>
 
Assumptions made
 
regarding
 
possible mining
 
methods, minimum
 
mining dimensions
 
and
internal
 
(or,
 
if
 
applicable,
 
external)
 
mining
 
dilution.
 
It
 
is
 
always
 
necessary
 
as
 
part
 
of
 
the
process of determining
 
reasonable prospects for
 
eventual economic
 
extraction to
 
consider
potential
 
mining
 
methods,
 
but
 
the
 
assumptions
 
made
 
regarding
 
mining
 
methods
 
and
parameters when
 
estimating Mineral
 
Resources may
 
not always
 
be rigorous.
 
Where this
 
is
the case, this should be reported with an explanation of the basis of the mining assumptions
made.
>
 
Mining factors such as dilution, mining and washing recovery are variable and have been applied at
the coal deposits at each operation based on site-specific characteristics.
>
 
Details of the factors are cited within the TRS.
>
 
Factors
 
that
 
would
 
typically
 
preclude
 
conversion
 
of
 
a
 
coal
 
resource
 
to
 
coal
 
reserve
 
include
 
the
following:
 
inferred
 
resource
 
classification;
 
absence
 
of
 
coal
 
quality;
 
poor
 
mine
 
recovery;
 
lack
 
of
access; insufficient exploration; or
 
uncontrolled surface property
 
for areas of
 
proposed for surface
mining.
 
>
 
While such factors were used to preclude the conversion of a very limited number of coal resources
to coal reserves in this report, the extensive history of mining on the Properties would suggest that
there
 
are
 
reasonable
 
prospects
 
for
 
eventual
 
economic
 
extractions
 
of
 
all
 
coal
 
resources
 
under
favorable market conditions.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
8
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Metallurgical factors or
assumptions
>
 
The
 
basis
 
for
 
assumptions or
 
predictions
 
regarding
 
metallurgical
 
amenability.
 
It
 
is
 
always
necessary as part of the process of determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic
extraction
 
to
 
consider
 
potential
 
metallurgical
 
methods,
 
but
 
the
 
assumptions
 
regarding
metallurgical treatment processes and parameters made when reporting Mineral Resources
may
 
not
 
always
 
be
 
rigorous.
 
Where
 
this
 
is
 
the
 
case,
 
this
 
should
 
be
 
reported
 
with
 
an
explanation of the basis of the metallurgical assumptions made.
>
 
The products mined
 
from coal resources
 
controlled by
 
Coronado can be
 
sold into high
 
-, mid-, and
low-volatile metallurgical coal markets because of their inherent quality characteristics.
 
>
 
Run-of-mine production is washed at the coal preparation plants as needed for quality control.
 
>
 
Coronado may blend production from
 
multiple sources to manage ash
 
and sulfur content along with
the rheological and petrographic characteristics of the shipped products.
 
Environmental factors
or assumptions
>
 
Assumptions made regarding
 
possible waste and
 
process residue disposal
 
options. It is
 
always
necessary as part of the process of determining reasonable prospects for eventual economic
extraction
 
to
 
consider the
 
potential
 
environmental
 
impacts of
 
the mining
 
and
 
processing
operation.
 
While
 
at
 
this
 
stage
 
the
 
determination
 
of
 
potential
 
environmental
 
impacts,
particularly for
 
a greenfields
 
project, may
 
not always
 
be well
 
advanced, the
 
status of
 
early
consideration of
 
these potential
 
environmental
 
impacts should
 
be reported.
 
Where these
aspects
 
have
 
not
 
been
 
considered
 
this
 
should
 
be
 
reported
 
with
 
an
 
explanation
 
of
 
the
environmental assumptions made.
>
 
A study completed on
 
behalf of Coronado for
 
Mon Valley has
 
identified a Preferred
 
Site for refuse
disposal
 
at
 
Pangburn
 
with
 
capacity
 
of
 
22.6 million
 
cubic
 
meters.
 
Estimated
 
requirements
 
for
Pangburn and Shaner
 
combined is 29.7 million tonnes
 
or approximately
 
13.2 million cubic meters.
 
Permitting for such a facility is anticipated to be achievable.
>
 
MM&A completed a
 
Limited Phase I
 
Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) on
 
the Buchanan property
in
 
April
 
2016,
 
and
 
on
 
the
 
Logan
 
County
 
and
 
Greenbrier
 
Properties
 
in
 
May
 
2017
 
on
 
behalf
 
of
Coronado.
 
Coronado reports not having conducted such a study since the MM&A studies.
 
>
 
The ESAs completed
 
by MM&A included
 
a site inspection,
 
review of historical
 
records, a
 
database
search
 
of
 
State
 
and
 
Federal
 
regulatory
 
records
 
and
 
interviews
 
to
 
identify
 
potential
 
recognized
environmental conditions (RECs) that may create environmental liability for the sites.
 
>
 
MM&A identified one REC
 
at Greenbrier associated with
 
stained soil and
 
gravel near a
 
fueling and
maintenance area.
 
Coronado reported to MM&A that satisfactory clean-up efforts were completed
at Greenbrier.
 
>
 
Based
 
on
 
these
 
former
 
ESAs
 
completed
 
by
 
MM&A,
 
it
 
is
 
MM&A’s
 
opinion
 
that
 
Coronado
 
has
 
a
generally
 
typical
 
coal
 
industry
 
record
 
of
 
compliance
 
with
 
applicable
 
mining,
 
water
 
quality,
 
and
environmental laws.
 
Estimated costs
 
for mine
 
closure, including
 
water quality
 
monitoring during
site reclamation, are included in the TRS financial models.
 
Bulk density
>
 
Whether assumed or determined. If assumed, the
 
basis for the assumptions. If determined,
the method used, whether wet or dry,
 
the frequency of the measurements, the nature, size
and representativeness of the samples.
>
 
The bulk
 
density for
 
bulk material
 
must have
 
been measured
 
by methods
 
that adequately
account for
 
void spaces
 
(vugs, porosity,
 
etc),
 
moisture
 
and
 
differences
 
between rock
 
and
alteration zones within the deposit.
>
 
Discuss assumptions
 
for bulk density
 
estimates used in
 
the evaluation process of
 
the different
materials.
>
 
Laboratory
 
derived
 
seam
 
densities
 
measured
 
in
 
specific
 
gravity
 
were
 
used
 
where
 
available.
 
As
needed, these
 
data
 
were
 
supplemented by
 
estimated seam
 
density values
 
based on
 
the relative
proportion of coal and non-coal material within the seam (typically at 1.30 and
 
2.25 specific gravity,
respectively).
>
 
Average seam density was determined for each coal deposit and used
 
to convert coal volumes into
coal tonnage estimates.
Classification
>
 
The basis for the classification of the Mineral Resources into varying confidence categories.
>
 
Whether appropriate account has been taken
 
of all relevant factors
 
(i.e. relative confidence
in tonnage/grade
 
estimations, reliability
 
of input
 
data, confidence
 
in continuity
 
of geology
and metal values, quality, quantity and distribution of the data).
>
 
Whether the result appropriately reflects the Competent
>
 
Person’s view of the deposit.
>
 
The Resource has been
 
classified based on suitable
 
distances from points of observations
 
prescribed
in the common United States classification system.
>
 
The use of
 
the United States
 
standards is
 
appropriate and customary
 
for this resource
 
jurisdiction
and deposition type.
>
 
MM&A performed a
 
geostatistical analysis test of
 
the Coronado data
 
sets using the
 
Drill Hole Spacing
Analysis (DHSA) method.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
9
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
>
 
Based on MM&A’s analysis, it
 
would be possible
 
to extend the measured,
 
indicated and inferred arcs
slightly beyond historically accepted practices due
 
to consistent geological settings.
 
The QP’s have
elected not to extend arc distances, introducing a level of conservatism in the coal classification.
>
 
All relevant factors have been
 
accounted for and reflect
 
the Competent Person’s view of
 
the deposit.
Audits or reviews
>
 
The results of any audits or reviews of Mineral Resource estimates.
>
 
MM&A
 
completed
 
prepared
 
a
 
statement
 
of
 
coal
 
resources
 
and
 
reserves
 
for
 
the
 
Properties
 
in
accordance with the
 
JORC Code as
 
of December 31, 2017.
 
MM&A also subsequently updated
 
the
estimate
 
of
 
resources
 
and
 
reserves
 
for
 
depletion
 
as
 
of
 
December 31, 2018,
 
December 31, 2019,
December 31, 2020, December 31, 2021,
 
and December 31, 2022.
>
 
MM&A
 
performed
 
a
 
previous
 
audit
 
of
 
the
 
Properties
 
in
 
year
 
2017
 
for
 
Coronado
 
based
 
on
 
U.S.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) Industry Guide 7 and USGS Circular 891 standards.
 
>
 
Earlier
 
audits
 
were
 
performed
 
by
 
various
 
independent
 
consultants
 
for
 
predecessors-in-title
 
to
Coronado and at various levels of detail depending on the clients concerns and the allotted time
 
for
completion.
 
Previous audits and reviews defined
 
the primary coal resource areas
 
and estimated the
recoverable tonnes for each seam based on the expected mining methods.
 
>
 
Additionally, MM&A
 
has performed proprietary
 
evaluations for
 
predecessors-in-title to Coronado,
which encompass portions of the Properties included in this TRS.
Discussion of relative
accuracy/ confidence
>
 
Where appropriate a statement of
 
the relative accuracy and confidence level
 
in the Mineral
Resource estimate using
 
an approach or procedure
 
deemed appropriate by
 
the Competent
Person. For example, the application of
 
statistical or geostatistical procedures to quantify the
relative accuracy
 
of the resource
 
within stated
 
confidence limits, or,
 
if such an
 
approach is
not deemed appropriate, a qualitative discussion of the factors that could affect the
 
relative
accuracy and confidence of the estimate.
>
 
The statement should
 
specify whether it
 
relates to global
 
or local estimates,
 
and, if local,
 
state
the
 
relevant
 
tonnages,
 
which
 
should
 
be
 
relevant
 
to
 
technical
 
and
 
economic
 
evaluation.
Documentation should include assumptions made and the procedures used.
>
 
These statements of
 
relative accuracy
 
and confidence of
 
the estimate should
 
be compared
with production data, where available.
>
 
The relative accuracy of
 
and confidence in the
 
coal tonnage and
 
quality estimates provided herein
are judged to be in conformance with current industry best-practices.
 
>
 
The
 
representation
 
of
 
average
 
coal
 
quality
 
characteristics
 
should
 
be
 
understood
 
to
 
represent
 
a
reasonably representative sampling
 
that is generally
 
indicative of coal
 
quality and does
 
not represent
a statistically rigorous approach to coal quality modeling.
>
 
Resource
 
estimation
 
has
 
been
 
completed
 
using
 
standard
 
coal
 
estimation
 
methods
 
which
 
are
deemed appropriate for this deposit.
Section 4 Estimation and Reporting of Ore Reserve
(Criteria listed in the preceding section also apply to this section.)
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Mineral Resource
estimate for conversion
to Ore Reserves
 
>
 
Description of the
 
Mineral Resource
 
estimate used
 
as a
 
basis for
 
the conversion
 
to an
 
Ore
Reserve.
>
 
The coal
 
resource estimate
 
was prepared
 
as part
 
of the
 
report Coronado
 
Global Resources
 
Inc.
Statement of Coal
 
Resources and
 
Reserves in Accordance
 
with JORC Code
 
and United States
 
SEC
Standards as
 
of December 31,
 
2023 –
 
Northern and
 
Central Appalachian Coal
 
Basins –
 
Virginia, West
Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA – February 2024 prepared by MM&A.
>
 
The resource estimation criteria were developed by
 
MM&A based on the capabilities
 
of the mining
equipment used within the
 
production model and
 
on industry-accepted standards
 
to assure that
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
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&
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10
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
the basic geologic characteristics of the coal resources are
 
in reasonable conformity with those to
be mined and marketed by Coronado.
>
 
Clear statement as to whether the Mineral Resources are reported additional to, or inclusive
of, the Ore Reserves.
>
 
Coal resources generally are reported
 
inclusive of the coal reserves.
 
In some cases, resources are
reported in
 
addition to
 
coal reserves.
 
Tables
 
1-1 and
 
11-3 of
 
the TRS
 
clearly identify
 
resources
“inclusive
 
of
 
mine
 
plan”
 
from
 
which
 
coal
 
reserves
 
were
 
estimated
 
along
 
with
 
those
 
resources
“exclusive of mine plan” from which no reserves were estimated.
 
Site visits
 
>
 
Comment on any site visits undertaken by the
 
Competent Person and the outcome of
 
those
visits.
>
 
MM&A
 
is
 
very
 
familiar
 
with
 
the
 
Properties
 
and
 
has
 
conducted
 
multiple
 
site
 
visits
 
and
 
reserve
evaluations throughout the years.
>
 
A site visit
 
was conducted to Mon Valley as recently as December
 
2023 to assess proposed surface
mine facilities areas.
 
Currently there are no mine
 
facilities or surface expression of
 
the coal reserve
on the Property.
Study status
 
>
 
The type and level of study undertaken to enable Mineral
 
Resources to be converted to Ore
Reserves.
>
 
A preliminary feasibility LOM plan was prepared by MM&A for active and proposed mines.
 
>
 
The Code requires that a study to at least Pre-Feasibility Study
 
level has been undertaken to
convert Mineral Resources to Ore Reserves.
 
Such studies will have been carried out and will
have determined a mine plan that is
 
technically achievable and economically viable, and that
material Modifying Factors have been considered.
>
 
This geologic evaluation conducted in accordance with JORC and SEC standards and in conjunction
with the preliminary feasibility study is sufficient to conclude that the
 
surface, highwall miner and
underground
 
coal
 
reserves
 
identified
 
on
 
the
 
Properties
 
are
 
economically
 
mineable
 
under
reasonable expectations of
 
market prices
 
for thermal
 
and metallurgical
 
coal products, estimated
operation costs, and capital expenditures.
>
 
The pre-feasibility
 
financial models,
 
prepared by
 
MM&A for
 
this TRS,
 
was developed
 
to test
 
the
economic viability of each coal resource area.
>
 
Proved and probable coal reserve were derived from the defined in-situ coal
 
resource considering
relevant
 
processing,
 
economic
 
(including
 
independent
 
estimates
 
of
 
capital,
 
revenue
 
and
 
cost,
marketing, legal, environmental, socioeconomic, and regulatory factors).
Cut-off parameters
 
>
 
The basis of the adopted cut-off grade(s) or quality parameters applied.
>
 
The cut-off parameters were tailored for each of the Coronado
 
properties to be in accordance with
mining/ processing capabilities and market conditions prevalent at each operation.
>
 
Examples include minimum recoverable coal thickness,
 
acceptable ash content and wash recovery,
and manageable overburden to coal ratio for surface mineable coal.
>
 
Details of the parameters are cited within
 
the TRS and included in the table of Cut-off
 
Parameters
listed in Section 11.1 of this TRS.
>
 
These
 
cut-off
 
parameters
 
have
 
been
 
developed
 
by
 
MM&A
 
based
 
on
 
its
 
experience
 
with
 
the
Coronado properties and are typical of mining
 
operations in the Central and Northern Appalachian
coal basin.
 
This experience includes technical
 
and economic evaluations of numerous
 
properties in
the region for the purposes of determining the economic viability of the subject coal reserves.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
ARSHALL
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ILLER
&
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NC
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11
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Mining factors or
assumptions
 
>
 
The method and
 
assumptions used as
 
reported in the
 
Pre-Feasibility or
 
Feasibility Study to
convert the
 
Mineral Resource
 
to an
 
Ore Reserve
 
(i.e. either
 
by application
 
of appropriate
factors by optimisation or by preliminary or detailed design).
>
 
After validating coal seam data
 
and establishing correlations, the
 
thickness and elevation for seams
of economic interest were used to generate a geologic model.
>
 
A
 
pre-feasibility
 
LOM
 
plan
 
was
 
prepared
 
by
 
MM&A
 
for
 
active
 
and
 
proposed
 
mines.
 
MM&A
prepared mine
 
projections and
 
production timing
 
forecasts
 
based on
 
coal seam
 
characteristics.
 
Production timing was carried out from 2024 to depletion (exhaustion) of the coal reserve areas.
>
 
The choice, nature and appropriateness
 
of the selected mining method(s) and
 
other mining
parameters including associated design issues such as pre-strip, access, etc.
>
 
The
 
room-and-pillar mining
 
method was
 
selected to
 
model the
 
underground
 
mining
 
resources,
utilizing continuous miners for coal
 
extraction, shuttle cars for production section haulage
 
and roof
bolters for
 
roof control,
 
with the exception
 
that the Buchanan
 
Mine also uses
 
longwall shearers,
armored face
 
conveyors,
 
and hydraulic
 
self-advancing roof
 
support.
 
The resource
 
areas located
above drainage
 
are relatively
 
small and
 
often have
 
irregular boundaries.
 
The Buchanan Mine
 
in
Buchanan County, Virginia is the only active longwall mine currently being operated by Coronado.
>
 
The Coronado
 
underground mining
 
resource areas
 
which are
 
located above-drainage
 
require an
access road and mine
 
access development along the
 
outcrop, whereas below-drainage mines
 
are
accessed via shaft
 
or slope based
 
on other proposed
 
surface infrastructure locations and/or
 
surface
property control.
 
>
 
The surface mining method
 
selected utilizes highly productive hydraulic shovels, front-end
 
loaders,
large
 
tractors
 
and
 
rock
 
trucks
 
for
 
overburden
 
removal.
 
The
 
mobile
 
equipment
 
spreads
 
adapt
readily to winding coal
 
outcrops for contour surface mining and
 
are effective for point-removal and
area mining applications.
>
 
Application of highwall and auger
 
mining units is an effective method
 
to recover coal resources not
suitable for underground mining and under excessive cover for surface mining.
>
 
The assumptions made regarding geotechnical parameters (e.g. pit slopes, stope sizes,
 
etc.),
grade control and pre-production drilling.
>
 
Mining
 
plans
 
for
 
potential
 
underground
 
mines
 
were
 
developed
 
by
 
MM&A.
 
Pillar
 
stability
 
was
tested by MM&A
 
using the Analysis of Coal
 
Pillar Stability (ACPS) program
 
that was developed by
the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
 
>
 
Coronado must obtain approved
 
mining plans from United
 
States Department of Labor
 
Mine Safety
and
 
Health
 
Administration
 
(MSHA)
 
that
 
define
 
safety
 
parameters
 
for
 
the
 
highwalls
 
developed
during
 
contour
 
and
 
area
 
mining.
 
MM&A’s
 
planning
 
model
 
does
 
not
 
require
 
input
 
of
 
specific
highwall design
 
parameters
 
but provides
 
for timing
 
of mining
 
within mine
 
plan polygons
 
that is
representative of the operation performance attained at Central Appalachia surface mines.
>
 
Highwall and auger mining is conducted under highwalls designed and constructed to meet MSHA
permit requirements.
 
To better assure highwall stability and safety during
 
highwall coal extraction,
MSHA requires
 
that coal
 
fenders,
 
or stumps,
 
be left
 
in place
 
between successive
 
cuts.
 
Periodic
barrier pillars must be left in
 
place as an additional safeguard.
 
MM&A has adjusted the expected
mining recovery
 
for highwall
 
and auger
 
mining resources
 
to reflect
 
highwall stability
 
and safety
requirements.
>
 
The
 
major
 
assumptions
 
made
 
and
 
Mineral
 
Resource
 
model
 
used
 
for
 
pit
 
and
 
stope
optimisation (if appropriate).
>
 
Underground
 
Mining
 
Resources:
 
For
 
metallurgical
 
resources,
 
minimum
 
coal
 
seam
 
thickness
extends down to between 0.6 and 1.2 meters and a minimum overburden (depth of cover) of 30.5
meters.
 
A 61-meter horizontal
 
distance is maintained
 
from abandoned mines
 
and sealed
 
or pillared
areas, and a 30-meter
 
horizontal distance is maintained from
 
planned highwall miner panels.
 
Mine
recovery is reduced when a rider coal seam
 
is present within a 1.5- to 3.0-meter interval above
 
the
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
ARSHALL
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ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
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Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
coal seam.
 
No mining is projected when the interval between overlying and underlying reserves is
less than 12 meters.
>
 
Surface Mining
 
Resources:
 
For classification
 
as a
 
surface-mineable resource,
 
a seam
 
must be
 
at
least 0.3 meters in thickness
 
as a stand-alone (principal) seam
 
and 0.15 meters in thickness when
less than
 
0.8 meters
 
from a
 
principal seam.
 
The maximum
 
cumulative area
 
mining strip
 
ratio is
generally 20:1 for thermal coal and 30:1 for metallurgical coal.
 
Some areas were assessed for their
economic viability at higher
 
ratios and were included as reserves
 
if deemed economic.
 
For contour
surface mining, a minimum of 38-meter bench is provided to support HWM.
>
 
HWM and Auger Mining Resources: HWM cut depth (penetration) is established at
 
a maximum of
244 meters.
 
The minimum
 
mineable coal thickness
 
is limited
 
at 0.6
 
meters. For
 
coal seams
 
less
than 0.8 meters
 
thick, roof and/or floor
 
characteristics must allow
 
OSD cutting to
 
maintain a 0.8-
meter minimum cutting height.
 
Auger mining cut depth is established at an average of 91 meters.
 
The minimum mineable coal thickness is limited at 0.5 meters.
>
 
The mining dilution factors used.
>
 
Underground Mining Reserves:
 
The planning model assigns minimum mining heights of 1.4 to 1.8
meters for mains and panel development.
 
At the Buchanan Mine, a minimum mining height
 
of 1.8
meters was used due to the longwall mining
 
method being employed.
 
For coal seams thinner than
the assigned
 
mining
 
height,
 
the difference
 
between
 
the
 
coal
 
seam
 
height
 
and
 
assigned mining
height consists
 
of OSD.
 
In all
 
cases a
 
minimum of
 
0.05 meters
 
of OSD
 
was
 
assumed, with
 
the
exception of
 
the Mon
 
Valley
 
mines, where
 
a minimum
 
0.15 meters
 
of OSD
 
was assumed
 
due to
weaker floor strata.
>
 
Surface Mining Reserves:
 
Area mining is generally limited to
 
a cumulative overburden ratio of 30:1
and a 15:1 ratio for contour mining.
 
Exceptions were considered for mining of metallurgical grade
coal where deemed economical.
 
It is assumed that careful cleaning of exposed coal pits will result
in minimal OSD.
>
 
HWM and
 
Auger Mining
 
Reserves:
 
The mining
 
plan assumes
 
that the
 
HWM cutting
 
height is
 
a
minimum of 76 to
 
99 centimeters for
 
clearance purposes.
 
When the coal seam
 
is less than 76
 
to
99 centimeters
 
thick, OSD is
 
assumed and
 
included in the
 
ROM product.
 
Because the auger
 
has
very limited OSD
 
cutting ability,
 
it is assumed
 
that an appropriate
 
auger diameter will
 
be chosen
based on the coal seam thickness and that OSD will be minimal.
>
 
The mining recovery factors used.
>
 
Underground Mining
 
Reserves:
 
Mine recovery
 
generally
 
varies between
 
40 and
 
60 percent
 
for
continuous mining panels, and 100 percent for longwall.
>
 
Surface Mining
 
Reserves:
 
Mining recovery is
 
90 percent for
 
virgin areas.
 
Mining recovery is
 
reduced
where second mining is projected in previously underground and auger mined areas.
>
 
HWM and Auger Mining
 
Reserves:
 
A mine recovery of
 
40 percent has been
 
applied for HWM.
 
A
mine recovery of 35 percent has been applied for auger mining.
>
 
Any minimum mining widths used.
>
 
Underground Mining Reserves:
 
Typical entry width is 5.8 to 6.1 meters.
>
 
The
 
manner
 
in
 
which
 
Inferred
 
Mineral
 
Resources
 
are
 
utilised
 
in
 
mining
 
studies
 
and
 
the
sensitivity of the outcome to their inclusion.
>
 
Proved and probable coal reserve were derived from the defined in-situ coal
 
resource considering
relevant
 
processing,
 
economic
 
(including
 
independent
 
estimates
 
of
 
capital,
 
revenue
 
and
 
cost,
marketing, legal, environmental, socioeconomic, and regulatory factors).
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
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&
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SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
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13
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
>
 
Mine plan LOM tonnage includes
 
inferred coal and those areas that
 
do not meet the minimum coal
thickness requirement for classification as reserve.
 
Inferred coal represents approximately 0.6% of
the LOM production for Mon Valley
 
and 0.000001% of the total LOM production for
 
Logan.
 
None
of this coal was included in the estimate of reserves.
>
 
The infrastructure requirements of the selected mining methods.
>
 
Underground Mining Resources:
 
The continuous mining
 
method provides for the
 
extraction of coal
from the production faces
 
using continuous miners (and
 
longwall shearing machine at
 
Buchanan)
and haulage
 
using shuttle
 
cars
 
or battery
 
haulers
 
to a
 
feeder-breaker
 
located
 
at
 
the tail
 
of the
section conveyor belt.
 
The feeder-breaker crushes large pieces of coal and rock and regulates coal
feed onto the mine
 
conveyor.
 
A chain conveyor
 
is used to remove
 
coal from the
 
longwall face at
the
 
Buchanan
 
Mine
 
for
 
placement
 
onto
 
the
 
conveyor
 
belt
 
which
 
is
 
ultimately
 
delivered
 
to
 
an
underground storage
 
bunker.
 
Roof-bolting
 
machines are
 
used to
 
install
 
roof bolts,
 
and battery
scoops are available to clean the mine entries
 
and assist in delivery of mine supplies
 
to work areas.
 
Surface ventilation
 
fans are
 
installed as
 
needed to provide
 
a sufficient
 
volume of
 
air to
 
ventilate
production
 
sections,
 
coal
 
haulage
 
and
 
transport
 
entries,
 
battery
 
charging
 
stations,
 
and
transformers in accordance with approved plans.
>
 
Coronado
 
currently
 
operates
 
three
 
coal
 
preparation
 
plants,
 
one
 
each
 
at
 
the
 
Buchanan,
 
Logan
County and Greenbrier
 
Divisions.
 
The Buchanan Plant
 
operates at a feed rate of approximately 907
raw tonnes per hour (tph), whereas the Saunders
 
Plant (Logan County Division) has a nominal feed
rate of 816 tph, and the Mountaineer Plant (Greenbrier Division) operates at 544 tph.
 
MM&A has
included
 
capital
 
estimates
 
for
 
construction
 
of
 
additional
 
coal
 
preparation
 
plants
 
at
 
the
 
Russell
County and Mon Valley Complex for the purposes of this TRS.
 
>
 
Surface Mining Resources: The surface
 
mining mobile equipment spreads
 
advance the contour and
area
 
mining
 
pits
 
while
 
systematically
 
reclaiming
 
the
 
trailing
 
side
 
of
 
pits
 
where
 
coal
 
has
 
been
removed.
 
The coal haul roads are extended and maintained as the pits advance.
 
Support facilities
are maintained
 
nearby but
 
away
 
from the
 
active mining,
 
and include
 
storage
 
areas for
 
blasting
agents, fuel and lubricants, and mine supplies along with maintenance facilities and offices.
 
Most
of the surface mine production is transported to a
 
loading point for crushing, blending and direct-
shipment to customers.
 
>
 
HWM and
 
Auger Resources:
 
The HWM
 
equipment advances along
 
with the
 
contour mining
 
pits.
 
The rate of
 
advance of the contour
 
mining is governed by
 
the advancement rate
 
of the HWM.
 
A
diesel-powered generator trails the highwall miner and powers the continuous mining unit.
 
Other
support facilities are provided along
 
with the contour mining support facilities.
 
HWM production
is all transported by truck to the coal preparation plant for washing.
Metallurgical factors or
assumptions
 
>
 
The metallurgical process
 
proposed and the
 
appropriateness of that
 
process to
 
the style of
mineralisation.
>
 
Coarse material is
 
washed in a
 
heavy medium vessel.
 
Intermediate-size material is washed
 
in heavy
medium cyclones.
 
Fine material is washed using conventional froth flotation cells.
>
 
Whether the metallurgical process is well-tested technology or novel in nature.
>
 
Processes are typical of those
 
used in the coal industry
 
and are in use at
 
adjacent coal processing
plants.
>
 
The
 
nature,
 
amount
 
and
 
representativeness
 
of
 
metallurgical
 
test
 
work
 
undertaken,
 
the
nature of the metallurgical domaining applied and the corresponding metallurgical recovery
factors applied.
>
 
The quality characteristics for the subject
 
coal resources and coal reserves
 
have been reviewed in
detail by MM&A.
 
The drill hole data
 
were utilized to
 
develop average coal
 
quality characteristics
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
14
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
mining
 
site.
 
These
 
average
 
coal
 
quality
 
characteristics
 
were
 
then
 
utilized
 
as
 
the
 
basis
 
for
determining the various markets into which the saleable coal will likely be placed.
>
 
Any assumptions or allowances made for deleterious elements.
>
 
No significant effects
 
on product quality
 
are anticipated from
 
dilution material;
 
float product quality
was used to model final product quality.
>
 
The
 
existence
 
of
 
any
 
bulk
 
sample
 
or
 
pilot scale
 
test
 
work
 
and
 
the
 
degree
 
to
 
which
 
such
samples are considered representative of the orebody as a whole
>
 
No bulk sample or pilot scale work has been completed.
>
 
For minerals that
 
are defined by a
 
specification, has the ore
 
reserve estimation been based
on the appropriate mineralogy to meet specifications?
>
 
Notwithstanding the complexity of the coal quality
 
data set, the seams of the central and northern
Appalachian coalfields have a long history of providing both
 
high-Btu thermal coals and high-, mid-
and low-volatile coking coals with favorable metallurgical properties.
Environmental
 
>
 
The
 
status
 
of
 
studies
 
of
 
potential
 
environmental
 
impacts
 
of
 
the
 
mining
 
and
 
processing
operation. Details
 
of waste
 
rock
 
characterisation and
 
the consideration
 
of potential
 
sites,
status of design
 
options considered and,
 
where applicable, the
 
status of approvals for
 
process
residue storage and waste dumps should be reported.
>
 
A study
 
completed
 
on behalf
 
of Coronado
 
has identified
 
a Preferred
 
Site
 
for
 
refuse
 
disposal at
Pangburn with
 
capacity of
 
22.6 million cubic
 
meters.
 
Estimated requirements
 
for Pangburn
 
and
Shaner combined is 29.7 million tonnes or
 
approximately 13.2 million cubic meters.
 
Permitting for
such a facility is anticipated to be achievable.
 
>
 
MM&A
 
completed
 
a
 
Limited
 
Phase
 
I
 
Environmental
 
Site
 
Assessment
 
(ESA)
 
on
 
the
 
Buchanan
property in April 2016, and on the Logan County and Greenbrier Properties in May 2017 on behalf
of Coronado.
>
 
MM&A identified one REC at Greenbrier associated with stained soil and gravel near a fueling and
maintenance area.
 
Coronado reported to
 
MM&A that
 
satisfactory clean-up efforts were
 
completed
at Greenbrier.
>
 
Based on
 
these former
 
ESAs
 
completed
 
by
 
MM&A,
 
it is
 
MM&A’s
 
opinion that
 
Coronado
 
has
 
a
generally
 
typical
 
coal
 
industry
 
record
 
of
 
compliance with
 
applicable mining,
 
water
 
quality,
 
and
environmental laws.
 
Estimated costs for
 
mine closure, including
 
water quality monitoring
 
during
site reclamation, are included in the TRS financial models.
Infrastructure
 
>
 
The existence of
 
appropriate infrastructure: availability of
 
land for plant
 
development, power,
water,
 
transportation
 
(particularly for
 
bulk
 
commodities),
 
labour,
 
accommodation;
 
or the
ease with which the infrastructure can be provided or accessed.
>
 
Coronado currently
 
operates
 
one surface
 
mine (Toney
 
Fork Mine
 
at
 
the Logan
 
Mine Complex);
Coronado also controls the idle Midland Surface Mine at the Greenbrier Mine Complex.
 
>
 
Coronado operates
 
five underground
 
mines as
 
follows:
 
Buchanan Mine
 
at the
 
Buchanan Mine
Complex; Winifrede,
 
Eagle No.
 
1, Muddy
 
Bridge and
 
Lower War
 
Eagle Mines
 
in the
 
Logan Mine
Complex; the Mountaineer #1 Mine at the Greenbrier Mine Complex is currently
 
idle.
>
 
All
 
ROM
 
production
 
is currently
 
planned for
 
either
 
truck transportation
 
from
 
the mines
 
to
 
the
processing or shipping facilities, or in some cases there
 
is either a current or planned mine mouth
preparation plant and barge/rail loading facility.
 
>
 
There is a
 
network of public
 
highways that provide serviceable
 
coal haul routes and
 
private, internal
roads on the
 
Properties would be
 
developed as may
 
be needed.
 
Rail service to
 
the Properties is
most
 
readily
 
provided
 
by
 
NS
 
and
 
CSX
 
with
 
connections
 
to
 
both
 
domestic
 
consumers
 
and
international trans-shipment
 
points.
 
NS track
 
is located
 
across the
 
Monongahela River
 
from the
proposed Pangburn Hollow load-out
 
facility.
 
Coal would be shipped
 
to customers via barge and
 
rail
and sold as both metallurgical and thermal products.
 
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
15
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
Costs
 
>
 
The derivation of, or assumptions made, regarding projected capital costs in the study.
>
 
The methodology used to estimate operating costs.
>
 
Coronado provided historical
 
and 5-year
 
budget operating
 
costs for
 
its active mines
 
for MM&A’s
review.
 
MM&A used the historical and/or
 
budget cost information as
 
a reference and developed
personnel schedules for each mine.
 
Hourly labor rates and salaries were
 
based upon information
contained in
 
Coronado’s
 
financial summaries.
 
Fringe benefit
 
costs were
 
developed for
 
vacation
and holidays, federal and state unemployment insurance, retirement,
 
workers’ compensation and
pneumoconiosis,
 
casualty
 
and
 
life
 
insurance,
 
healthcare
 
and
 
bonuses.
 
A
 
cost
 
factor
 
for
 
mine
supplies was developed that relates expenditures to mine advance rates for roof control costs and
other mine
 
supply costs
 
at underground
 
mines.
 
Other factors
 
were developed
 
for maintenance
and repair costs, rentals, mine power, outside services and other direct mining costs.
>
 
Surface mine
 
direct operating
 
costs were
 
developed as
 
a function of
 
overburden ratio
 
for repair
and
 
maintenance supplies,
 
diesel fuel,
 
explosives
 
and
 
blasting,
 
and
 
miscellaneous supplies
 
and
services.
 
Operating costs for highwall mines are
 
based on costs per ROM tonne estimates.
 
Other
cost factors
 
were developed
 
for coal
 
preparation plant
 
processing, refuse handling,
 
coal loading,
trucking, property taxes, and insurance and
 
bonding.
 
Appropriate royalty rates were
 
assigned for
production from leased
 
coal lands and
 
sales taxes
 
were calculated
 
for state
 
severance taxes,
 
the
federal black lung excise tax, and federal and state reclamation fees.
>
 
Capital schedules were developed
 
by MM&A for
 
mine development, infrastructure, and
 
on-going
capital requirements for the life of each projected mine.
>
 
Staffing levels
 
were prepared
 
and operating costs
 
estimated by
 
MM&A for
 
each projected mine.
 
MM&A utilized historical cost
 
data provided by
 
Coronado and its own
 
knowledge and experience
to estimate direct and indirect operating costs.
 
>
 
Allowances made for the content of deleterious elements.
>
 
No allowances
 
have been
 
made for
 
deleterious elements;
 
no impact
 
to quality
 
from deleterious
elements is anticipated.
>
 
The
 
derivation
 
of
 
assumptions
 
made
 
of
 
metal
 
or
 
commodity
 
price(s),
 
for
 
the
 
principal
minerals and co- products.
>
 
Coronado provided MM&A with price forecasts for all Properties.
 
Customer coal pricing is derived
from market
 
observed forward estimates
 
based on global
 
economic supply and
 
demand analysis
which is applied to mine
 
plan sales volumes and product
 
mix and is supplemented with
 
Coronado’s
in-house
 
knowledge
 
of
 
applicable
 
rail
 
transportation
 
charges,
 
ocean
 
freight
 
charges
 
and
 
port
charges.
 
Coal price forecasts for the various products were provided by Coronado for various coal
markets in terms of US real dollars per metric tonne.
 
MM&A applied a 2% inflation factor in order
to estimate the prices in nominal dollars.
>
 
Derivation of transportation charges.
>
 
Coronado provided MM&A with price forecasts for all Properties.
 
Customer coal pricing is derived
from market
 
observed forward estimates
 
based on global
 
economic supply and
 
demand analysis
which is applied to mine
 
plan sales volumes and product
 
mix and is supplemented with
 
Coronado’s
in-house
 
knowledge
 
of
 
applicable
 
rail
 
transportation
 
charges,
 
ocean
 
freight
 
charges
 
and
 
port
charges.
 
Coal price forecasts for the various products were provided by Coronado for various coal
markets in terms of US real dollars per metric tonne.
 
MM&A applied a 2% inflation factor in order
to estimate the prices in nominal dollars.
 
MM&A utilized this data for price forecasting in financial
modeling.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
16
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
>
 
The basis for forecasting or source of treatment and refining charges, penalties for failure
 
to
meet specification, etc.
>
 
MM&A utilized historical cost
 
data provided by
 
Coronado and its own
 
knowledge and experience
to estimate direct and indirect operating costs.
 
All ROM production is currently planned for either
truck transportation from the mines to the processing or shipping facilities, or in some cases there
is either a current or planned mine mouth preparation plant and barge/rail loading facility.
>
 
The allowances made for royalties payable, both Government and private.
>
 
Appropriate royalty rates were assigned for
 
production from leased coal
 
lands and sales taxes were
calculated
 
for
 
state
 
severance
 
taxes,
 
the
 
federal
 
black
 
lung
 
excise
 
tax,
 
and
 
federal
 
and
 
state
reclamation fees.
Revenue factors
 
>
 
The
 
derivation
 
of,
 
or
 
assumptions
 
made
 
regarding
 
revenue
 
factors
 
including
 
head
 
grade,
metal
 
or
 
commodity
 
price(s)
 
exchange
 
rates,
 
transportation
 
and
 
treatment
 
charges,
penalties, net smelter returns, etc.
>
 
Coronado provided MM&A with price forecasts for all Properties.
 
Customer coal pricing is derived
from market
 
observed forward estimates
 
based on global
 
economic supply and
 
demand analysis
which is applied to mine
 
plan sales volumes and product
 
mix and is supplemented with
 
Coronado’s
in-house
 
knowledge
 
of
 
applicable
 
rail
 
transportation
 
charges,
 
ocean
 
freight
 
charges
 
and
 
port
charges.
 
Coal price forecasts for the various products were provided by Coronado for various coal
markets in terms of US real dollars per metric tonne.
 
MM&A applied a 2% inflation factor in order
to estimate the prices in nominal dollars.
 
MM&A utilized this data for price forecasting in financial
modeling.
>
 
The Greenbrier property is not considered material to Coronado’s business or financial conditions,
and thus no
 
update was completed for Greenbrier in
 
2024.
 
Resources exclusive of reserves, as
 
well
as reserves, are based on assumed
 
long-term average price
 
as of December 31, 2022 provided by
Coronado, representing Coronado’s long-term average
 
price forecast for Greenbrier at that time.
>
 
The derivation of assumptions
 
made of metal or
 
commodity price(s), for the principal
 
metals,
minerals and co-products.
>
 
Coal sales prices as defined above.
 
All reported reserves are on a marketable basis.
Market assessment
 
>
 
The demand, supply
 
and stock
 
situation for
 
the particular commodity,
 
consumption trends
and factors likely to affect supply and demand into the future.
>
 
Coronado provided MM&A with price forecasts for all Properties.
 
Customer coal pricing is derived
from market
 
observed forward estimates
 
based on global
 
economic supply and
 
demand analysis
which is applied to mine
 
plan sales volumes and product
 
mix and is supplemented with
 
Coronado’s
in-house
 
knowledge
 
of
 
applicable
 
rail
 
transportation
 
charges,
 
ocean
 
freight
 
charges
 
and
 
port
charges.
 
Coal price forecasts for the various products were provided by Coronado for various coal
markets in terms of US real dollars per metric tonne.
 
MM&A applied a 2% inflation factor in order
to estimate the prices in nominal dollars.
 
MM&A utilized this data for price forecasting in financial
modeling.
>
 
A customer
 
and competitor analysis
 
along with the
 
identification of likely
 
market windows
for the product.
>
 
All of
 
the mine
 
production serves
 
metallurgical
 
and thermal
 
markets.
 
The
 
metallurgical
 
coal is
marketed
 
as
 
high-volatile
 
(typically
 
28
 
percent
 
or greater
 
volatile
 
matter
 
content);
 
mid-volatile
(typically 23- to 27-percent volatile matter content) and low-volatile (typically less than 23 percent
volatile matter content) products.
>
 
Raw ROM production that
 
requires washing is
 
currently processed through
 
Coronado owned and
operated coal preparation plants.
 
>
 
ROM coal
 
that does
 
not require
 
further processing
 
is delivered
 
directly to
 
the loading
 
points for
sizing and delivery
 
to customers.
 
Coronado has access
 
to two rail
 
-loading points serviced
 
by the
Norfolk Southern Corporation (NS) and two rail-loading points serviced by CSX Corporation (CSX).
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
17
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
>
 
Price and volume forecasts and the basis for these forecasts.
>
 
Carlson
 
Mining
 
®
 
was
 
used
 
by
 
MM&A
 
to
 
generate
 
mine
 
plans
 
for
 
underground-
 
and
 
surface-
mineable coal seams.
 
Underground mine plans were sequenced
 
based on productivity schedules
provided by Coronado, which
 
were based on historically
 
achieved productivity levels.
 
Surface mine
plans were
 
generated under
 
productivity assumptions (bank
 
cubic yard
 
per shift)
 
as provided
 
by
Coronado
 
and
 
reviewed
 
by
 
MM&A,
 
again
 
based
 
heavily
 
on
 
productivity
 
levels
 
achieved
 
by
Coronado.
 
All
 
production
 
forecasting
 
ties
 
assumed
 
production
 
rates
 
to
 
geological
 
models
 
as
constructed independently by MM&A’s team of geologists and mining engineers.
>
 
Coronado provided MM&A with price forecasts for all Properties.
 
Customer coal pricing is derived
from market
 
observed forward estimates
 
based on global
 
economic supply and
 
demand analysis
which is applied to mine
 
plan sales volumes and product
 
mix and is supplemented with
 
Coronado’s
in-house
 
knowledge
 
of
 
applicable
 
rail
 
transportation
 
charges,
 
ocean
 
freight
 
charges
 
and
 
port
charges.
 
Coal price forecasts for the various products were provided by Coronado for various coal
markets in terms of US real dollars per metric tonne.
 
MM&A applied a 2% inflation factor in order
to estimate the prices in nominal dollars.
 
MM&A utilized this data for price forecasting in financial
modeling.
Economic
 
>
 
The inputs to the economic analysis to produce the net present value (NPV) in the study, the
source and confidence of these economic inputs
 
including estimated inflation, discount rate,
etc.
>
 
On an unlevered basis, the
 
NPV of the project cash flows
 
after taxes was estimated for the purpose
of
 
classifying
 
coal
 
reserves.
 
The
 
project
 
cash
 
flows,
 
excluding
 
debt
 
service,
 
are
 
calculated
 
by
subtracting direct and indirect operating
 
expenses and capital expenditures from
 
revenue.
 
Direct
costs
 
include
 
labor,
 
drilling and
 
blasting,
 
operating
 
supplies, maintenance
 
and
 
repairs,
 
facilities
costs for materials handling, coal preparation,
 
refuse disposal, coal loading, sampling and analysis
services, reclamation
 
and general
 
and administrative
 
costs.
 
Indirect costs
 
include statutory
 
and
legally agreed
 
upon fees
 
related
 
to
 
direct extraction
 
of the
 
mineral.
 
The indirect
 
costs are
 
the
Federal black
 
lung tax,
 
Federal and
 
State reclamation
 
taxes, property
 
taxes,
 
local transportation
prior to delivery at
 
rail or barge loading sites, coal
 
production royalties, sales and use
 
taxes, income
taxes
 
and
 
State
 
severance
 
taxes.
 
Coronado’s
 
historical
 
costs
 
provided
 
a
 
useful
 
reference
 
for
MM&A’s cost estimates.
>
 
Coronado provided MM&A with price forecasts for all Properties.
 
Customer coal pricing is derived
from market
 
observed forward estimates
 
based on global
 
economic supply and
 
demand analysis
which is applied to mine
 
plan sales volumes and product
 
mix and is supplemented with
 
Coronado’s
in-house
 
knowledge
 
of
 
applicable
 
rail
 
transportation
 
charges,
 
ocean
 
freight
 
charges
 
and
 
port
charges.
 
Coal price forecasts for the various products were provided by Coronado for various coal
markets in terms of US real dollars per metric tonne.
 
MM&A applied a 2% inflation factor in order
to estimate the prices in nominal dollars.
 
MM&A utilized this data for price forecasting in financial
modeling.
>
 
All costs and prices are based on year-end 2023 nominal United States dollars.
>
 
A
 
pre-feasibility
 
LOM
 
plan
 
was
 
prepared
 
by
 
MM&A
 
for
 
active
 
and
 
proposed
 
mines.
 
MM&A
prepared mine
 
projections and
 
production timing
 
forecasts
 
based on
 
coal seam
 
characteristics.
 
Production timing was
 
carried out from
 
2024 to depletion (exhaustion)
 
of the coal reserve
 
areas,
which is projected for the year 2101.
>
 
The all-mines average
 
cash cost ranges
 
between approximately $73
 
and $338 per tonne for
 
most
of the operating period.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
18
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
>
 
NPV ranges and sensitivity to variations in the significant assumptions and inputs.
>
 
An estimate of NPV at a base discount rate of 10.0% was included in Section 19 of the TRS.
>
 
NPV of the Buchanan,
 
Russell, Mon Valley,
 
Logan and Greenbrier
 
Properties was estimated
 
to be
$1.804 billion,
 
$155.1 million,
 
$563.4 million,
 
$616.8 million and
 
$62.7 million,
 
respectively.
 
The
Greenbrier NPV is based on December 31,
 
2022 coal sales price information provided by
 
Coronado
as described previously.
>
 
The
 
sensitivity
 
study
 
shows
 
the
 
NPV
 
at
 
the
 
10.0%
 
discount
 
rate
 
when
 
Base
 
Case
 
sales
 
prices,
operating costs, and capital
 
costs are increased and
 
decreased in increments of
 
5% within a +/-
 
15%
range.
 
Social
 
>
 
The
 
status
 
of
 
agreements
 
with
 
key
 
stakeholders
 
and
 
matters
 
leading
 
to
 
social
 
license
 
to
operate.
>
 
Portions
 
of
 
the
 
properties
 
are
 
located
 
near
 
local
 
communities.
 
Regulations
 
prohibit
 
mining
activities within
 
91
 
meters
 
of
 
a
 
residential
 
dwelling,
 
school,
 
church,
 
or
 
similar
 
structure
 
unless
written consent is first obtained from
 
the owner of the structure.
 
Where required, such consents
have been obtained where mining is proposed beyond the regulatory limits.
Other
 
To
 
the extent relevant,
 
the impact of
 
the following on
 
the project and/or
 
on the estimation
 
and
classification of the Ore Reserves:
>
 
Any identified material naturally occurring risks.
>
 
No material naturally occurring risks have been identified.
>
 
The status of material legal agreements and marketing arrangements.
>
 
The
 
Coronado
 
coal
 
resources
 
are
 
located
 
in
 
Buchanan, Russell
 
and
 
Tazewell
 
Counties, Virginia;
Greenbrier,
 
Logan,
 
Boone,
 
Wyoming
 
and
 
Greenbrier
 
Counties,
 
West
 
Virginia;
 
Allegheny,
Washington and Westmoreland Counties, Pennsylvania.
>
 
MM&A has not
 
carried out separate
 
title verification for
 
the coal properties
 
and has not
 
verified
leases, deeds, surveys or other property control instruments pertinent to the subject resources.
>
 
Coronado has represented to MM&A that it controls the mining
 
rights to the reserves as shown on
its property maps,
 
and MM&A has
 
accepted these as
 
being a
 
true and accurate
 
depiction of the
mineral
 
rights
 
controlled
 
by
 
Coronado.
 
The
 
TRS
 
assumes
 
the
 
properties
 
are
 
developed
 
under
responsible and experienced management.
>
 
The status
 
of government
 
agreements and
 
approvals critical
 
to the
 
viability of
 
the project,
such as
 
mineral tenement
 
status and
 
government and
 
statutory approvals.
 
There must
 
be
reasonable
 
grounds
 
to
 
expect
 
that
 
all
 
necessary
 
Government
 
approvals
 
will
 
be
 
received
within the
 
timeframes anticipated
 
in the
 
Pre-Feasibility
 
or Feasibility
 
study.
 
Highlight and
discuss the materiality of any unresolved
 
matter that is dependent on
 
a third part on which
extraction of the reserve is contingent.
>
 
Coronado has
 
obtained all
 
mining and
 
discharge permits
 
to operate
 
19 underground
 
mines, 15
surface mines, and 16 processing,
 
loadout or related facilities.
 
MM&A is unaware of any
 
obvious
or current Coronado permitting issues that
 
are expected to prevent the issuance of future permits.
 
Coronado, along
 
with all
 
Central and
 
Northern Appalachian basin
 
coal producers,
 
is subject
 
to a
level
 
of
 
uncertainty
 
regarding
 
future
 
clean
 
water
 
permits
 
due
 
to
 
United
 
States
 
Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) involvement with state programs.
Classification
 
>
 
The
 
basis
 
for
 
the
 
classification
 
of
 
the
 
Ore
 
Reserves
 
into
 
varying
 
confidence
 
categories.
Whether the result
 
appropriately reflects the
 
Competent Person’s
 
view of the
 
deposit. The
proportion
 
of
 
Probable
 
Ore
 
Reserves
 
that
 
have
 
been
 
derived
 
from
 
Measured
 
Mineral
Resources (if any).
>
 
Measured
 
and
 
indicated
 
resources
 
have
 
been
 
converted
 
to
 
proved
 
and
 
probable
 
reserves,
respectively.
>
 
None of the probable coal reserves have been derived from measured resources.
>
 
In a limited number of cases where there was
 
only very limited data available to
 
demonstrate the
metallurgical suitability
 
of a
 
given coal
 
deposit, that
 
deposit was
 
classified as
 
a probable
 
reserve
instead of a proved reserve.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
19
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
>
 
The results of
 
this TRS define an
 
estimated total initial ROM recoverable ore
 
(coal) reserve estimate
of 548 million tonnes for Coronado as follows:
a)
 
Buchanan =
 
154 Mt
b)
 
Logan
 
=
 
135 Mt
c)
 
Greenbrier=
 
12 Mt
d)
 
Russell =
 
50 Mt
e)
 
Mon Valley =
 
197 Mt
 
>
 
Coronado controls a
 
total of 333
 
Mt (moist basis) of
 
marketable coal reserves
 
for Coronado as
 
of
December 31, 2023 (total may not add due to rounding).
 
Of that total, 74 percent are proved, and
26 percent are probable.
 
Total reserves by complex are as follows:
a)
 
Buchanan =
 
92 Mt
b)
 
Logan
 
=
 
71 Mt
c)
 
Greenbrier=
 
7 Mt
d)
 
Russell =
 
30 Mt
e)
 
Mon Valley =
 
134 Mt
 
Audits or reviews
 
>
 
The results of any audits or reviews of Ore Reserve estimates.
>
 
MM&A
 
completed
 
prepared
 
a
 
statement
 
of
 
coal
 
resources
 
and
 
reserves
 
for
 
the
 
Properties
 
in
accordance with the JORC Code as of December 31, 2017.
 
MM&A also subsequently updated the
estimate of
 
resources and
 
reserves for
 
depletion as
 
of December 31,
 
2018, December 31,
 
2019,
December 31, 2020, December 31, 2021,
 
and December 31, 2022.
>
 
MM&A performed
 
a previous
 
audit
 
of the
 
Properties
 
in year
 
2017 for
 
Coronado
 
based on
 
U.S.
Securities
 
and
 
Exchange
 
Commission
 
(SEC)
 
Industry
 
Guide
 
7
 
standards.
 
Earlier
 
audits
 
were
performed by various
 
independent consultants for
 
predecessors-in-title to Coronado
 
and at various
levels of detail depending
 
on the clients concerns and
 
the allotted time for
 
completion.
 
Previous
audits and reviews defined the primary coal resource areas and estimated the recoverable tonnes
for each seam based on the expected mining methods.
>
 
Additionally, MM&A has performed proprietary evaluations for predecessors-in-title to Coronado,
which encompass portions of the Properties included in this TRS.
Discussion of relative
accuracy/ confidence
 
>
 
Where
 
appropriate
 
a
 
statement
 
of
 
the
 
relative
 
accuracy
 
and
 
confidence
 
level
 
in
 
the
 
Ore
Reserve estimate
 
using an
 
approach or
 
procedure deemed
 
appropriate by
 
the Competent
Person. For example, the application of
 
statistical or geostatistical procedures to quantify the
relative accuracy of the reserve within stated confidence limits, or, if such an approach is
 
not
deemed appropriate,
 
a qualitative
 
discussion of
 
the factors
 
which could
 
affect the
 
relative
accuracy and confidence of the estimate.
>
 
Operations on the
 
Properties by Coronado
 
and its predecessors
 
have been on-going for
 
many years.
 
>
 
MM&A
 
is confident
 
that the
 
mine
 
plans
 
and
 
financial models
 
are
 
reasonably
 
representative
 
to
provide an accurate estimation of coal reserves.
>
 
Mine development and operation have not been optimized within the TRS.
>
 
The statement should
 
specify whether it
 
relates to global
 
or local estimates,
 
and, if local,
 
state
the
 
relevant
 
tonnages,
 
which
 
should
 
be
 
relevant
 
to
 
technical
 
and
 
economic
 
evaluation.
Documentation should include assumptions made and the procedures used.
>
 
Proved and probable coal reserve were derived from the defined in-situ coal
 
resource considering
relevant
 
processing,
 
economic
 
(including
 
independent
 
estimates
 
of
 
capital,
 
revenue
 
and
 
cost),
marketing, legal, environmental, socioeconomic, and
 
regulatory factors on a global scale
 
as current
local data reflects the global assumptions.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
20
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
>
 
Accuracy
 
and
 
confidence
 
discussions should
 
extend
 
to
 
specific discussions
 
of any
 
applied
Modifying Factors
 
that may
 
have
 
a material
 
impact on
 
Ore Reserve
 
viability,
 
or for
 
which
there are remaining areas of uncertainty at the current study stage.
The major risk factors for the active Coronado mines and future resource development are summarized
below:
>
 
Mine Accidents
>
 
Highwall Failure.
 
Highwall failures are likely
 
to result in a temporary
 
mine closure and should not
have a material impact on the mine sustainability.
 
The risk is considered to be probable.
 
>
 
Adverse Geological Conditions.
 
Adverse geological conditions include such
 
conditions as faults and
sandstone
 
washouts.
 
The
 
risk
 
is
 
considered
 
to
 
be
 
probable.
 
The
 
impact
 
is
 
expected
 
to
 
be
temporary with little material impact on mine sustainability.
>
 
Environmental Risk.
 
Numerous federal and
 
state permits are
 
required to operate
 
coal mines and
mine surface facilities.
 
Permitting rules are
 
complex and may change
 
over time, making
 
compliance
difficult or impossible.
>
 
Water
 
Quality.
 
Permit
 
requirements
 
to
 
fulfill
 
Clean
 
Water
 
Act
 
obligations
 
are
 
subject
 
to
modification.
 
The probability of
 
water quality changes
 
having a material
 
impact on mine
 
operations
is
 
possible.
 
As
 
a
 
contemporary
 
example,
 
the
 
selenium
 
discharge
 
issue
 
that
 
affects
 
western
Canadian and Central Appalachian Basin operators has only recently emerged as a concern and its
ultimate impact has not been determined.
>
 
New Permits.
 
Permit protests by
 
environmental groups
 
and individuals can
 
contribute to permit
delays
 
or
 
denial
 
and
 
increase
 
the
 
cost
 
of
 
permitting
 
and
 
delay
 
development.
 
Surface
 
mining
activities,
 
coal
 
refuse
 
disposal
 
and
 
construction
 
of
 
access
 
roads
 
in
 
mountainous
 
terrain
 
often
require storage
 
of material
 
in valley
 
fills.
 
Authority to
 
dispose of
 
fill material
 
into waters
 
of the
United States must be granted
 
by the United States
 
Army Corps of Engineers (COE).
 
COE permits
are increasingly difficult to obtain.
>
 
Regulatory Requirements.
 
Adverse impact from regulatory changes
 
is considered to be probable.
 
The impact will likely affect the broader industry and is not expected to result in mine closure.
>
 
Market Risk.
 
Metallurgical and thermal coal markets ultimately depend
 
upon the global steel and
thermal coal demand and are considered
 
to be volatile.
 
Currently, the US
 
coal market has seen a
decline in demand for thermal coal due to thermal plant closures, as a result of new air and water
pollution regulations, and competition from other
 
commodities used for power generation such as
natural gas.
 
This has resulted in an overall decline in CAPP coal production.
 
Continued regulatory
changes
 
and
 
declining
 
demand
 
could
 
result
 
in
 
material
 
changes
 
in
 
domestic
 
and
 
global
 
coal
markets.
 
The impact
 
cannot be
 
predicted at
 
this time;
 
however,
 
while MM&A
 
expects the
 
coal
reserve within this TRS
 
to remain economically viable
 
throughout the life
 
of the projected mines,
the LOM financial model is very sensitive to
 
changes in coal sales price and therefore market risk is
not insignificant.
>
 
Labor Risk.
 
Work stoppage
 
due to
 
organized
 
labor protests
 
is considered
 
to be
 
unlikely and
 
not
likely to lead to permanent mine closure.
 
The mines are likely to suffer the loss of key
 
supervisors
and skilled employees due to retirement as the workforce ages.
 
The problem is industry-wide and
the impact is expected to be temporary and have no sustained impact on coal production.
>
 
Availability of
 
Equipment and
 
Supplies.
 
Risk of
 
equipment and
 
supply availability
 
is likely
 
to be
temporary and should not have a sustained adverse impact on the production of coal.
 
 
ex964p2i0
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Statement of Coal Resources and Reserves
in Accordance with SEC and the JORC Code as of December 31, 2021
Northern and Central Appalachian Coal Basins –
 
Virginia, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, USA
 
Appendix D:
 
JORC Table 1
M
ARSHALL
M
ILLER
&
A
SSOCIATES
,
I
NC
.
21
Criteria
JORC Code explanation
Commentary
>
 
Transportation
 
Delay.
 
Interruption of
 
coal transport
 
services by
 
river or
 
rail is
 
considered to
 
be
probable but unlikely to have a sustained impact on coal production.
>
 
It
 
is
 
recognised
 
that
 
this
 
may
 
not
 
be
 
possible
 
or
 
appropriate
 
in
 
all
 
circumstances.
 
These
statements of
 
relative
 
accuracy and
 
confidence of
 
the estimate
 
should be
 
compared with
production data, where available.
>
 
Mine plans, productivity expectations
 
and cost estimates
 
generally reflect
 
historical performance
and efforts have been made to adjust plans and costs to reflect future conditions.