tcnnf-20250331

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

_________________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

_________________________________________________________

(Mark One)


x			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025


o			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 000-56248

_________________________________________________________

TRULIEVE CANNABIS CORP.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

_________________________________________________________


British Columbia			84-2231905
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)			(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

6749 Ben Bostic Road
Quincy, FL 32351
(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

(850) 298-8866
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

_________________________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Title of each class

Trading
Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

N/A

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

As of April 30, 2025, the registrant had 167,851,060 Subordinate Voting Shares and 23,226,386 Multiple Voting Shares (on an as converted basis) outstanding.

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TRULIEVE CANNABIS CORP.

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		Page
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	4
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	5
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	16
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	25
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	25

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	28
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	28
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	28
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	28
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	28
Item 5.	Other Information	28
Item 6.	Exhibits	29
	Signatures	30

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “may”, “will”, “would”, “could”, “should”, “believes”, “estimates”, “projects”, “potential”, “expects”, “plans”, “intends”, “anticipates”, “targeted”, “continues”, “forecasts”, “designed”, “goal”, or the negative of those words or other similar or comparable words. Any statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not statements of historical facts may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects. The forward-looking statements contained herein are based on certain key expectations and assumptions, including, but not limited to, with respect to expectations and assumptions concerning receipt and/or maintenance of required licenses and third party consents and the success of our operations, are based on estimates prepared by us using data from publicly available governmental sources, as well as from market research and industry analysis, and on assumptions based on data and knowledge of this industry that we believe to be reasonable. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance or developments and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that are in some cases beyond our control. As a result, any or all of our forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may turn out to be inaccurate. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under “Risk Factors” and discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in “Part I, Item 1A – Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future. You should, however, review the factors and risks we describe in the reports we will file from time to time with the SEC after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

TRULIEVE CANNABIS CORP.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	328,452	$	238,803
Short-term investments	—		60,393
Restricted cash	907		907
Accounts receivable, net	10,260		8,288
Inventories	239,284		231,371
Income tax receivable	8,635		10,009
Prepaid expenses	24,240		22,959
Other current assets	32,289		26,209
Notes receivable - current portion, net	4,456		4,750
Assets associated with discontinued operations	856		868
Total current assets	649,379		604,557
Property and equipment, net	710,149		716,051
Right of use assets - operating, net	117,014		119,549
Right of use assets - finance, net	64,406		64,379
Intangible assets, net	848,802		859,483
Goodwill	483,905		483,905
Notes receivable, net	525		528
Other assets	11,481		19,837
Long-term assets associated with discontinued operations	1,980		1,980
TOTAL ASSETS	$	2,887,641	$	2,870,269
LIABILITIES
Current Liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	91,147	$	94,036

Deferred revenue	8,684		8,028

Notes payable - current portion	3,473		3,407
Operating lease liabilities - current portion	12,284		12,131
Finance lease liabilities - current portion	9,947		9,535
Construction finance liabilities - current portion	2,041		1,919
Contingencies	5,647		6,307
Liabilities associated with discontinued operations	3,443		3,129
Total current liabilities	136,666		138,492
Long-Term Liabilities:
Private placement notes, net	365,251		364,836
Notes payable, net	111,144		111,945
Operating lease liabilities	116,504		117,485
Finance lease liabilities	68,019		67,679
Construction finance liabilities	135,118		135,521
Deferred tax liabilities	191,895		196,545
Uncertain tax position liabilities	500,934		445,221
Other long-term liabilities	5,530		4,954
Long-term liabilities associated with discontinued operations	37,703		38,560
TOTAL LIABILITIES	$	1,668,764	$	1,621,238
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 3)


SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Common stock, no par value; unlimited shares authorized. 191,077,446 and 191,005,940 shares issued and outstanding as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively.	$	—	$	—
Additional paid-in-capital	2,060,737		2,057,032
Accumulated deficit	(828,614)		(795,744)
Non-controlling interest	(13,246)		(12,257)
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	1,218,877		1,249,031
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY	$	2,887,641	$	2,870,269

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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TRULIEVE CANNABIS CORP.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except for share data)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Revenue	$	297,760	$	297,619
Cost of goods sold	114,541		123,817
Gross profit	183,219		173,802
Expenses:
Selling, general, and administrative	118,772		101,307

Depreciation and amortization	29,328		27,755
Impairment and disposal of long-lived assets, net of (recoveries)	1,793		(1,360)

Total expenses	149,893		127,702
Income from operations	33,326		46,100
Other income (expense):
Interest expense, net	(16,295)		(14,669)
Interest income	3,068		3,258

Other income (expense), net	228		(2,743)
Total other expense, net	(12,999)		(14,154)
Income before provision for income taxes	20,327		31,946
Provision for income taxes	52,464		55,435
Net loss from continuing operations	(32,137)		(23,489)
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of $0 tax benefit	(1,622)		(1,358)
Net loss	(33,759)		(24,847)
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interest from continuing operations	(889)		(1,768)


Net loss attributable to common shareholders	$	(32,870)	$	(23,079)

Earnings Per Share
Net loss per share - Continuing operations:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.16)	$	(0.16)
Net loss per share - Discontinued operations:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.01)	$	(0.01)
Weighted average number of common shares used in computing net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	191,127,903		189,493,134

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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TRULIEVE CANNABIS CORP.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands, except for share data)


	Three Months Ended
	Multiple Voting Shares	Subordinate Voting Shares	Total Common Shares	Additional Paid-in-Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Non-Controlling Interest		Total Shareholders' Equity

Balance, December 31, 2024	23,226,386	167,779,554	191,005,940	$	2,057,032	$	(795,744)	$	(12,257)	$	1,249,031
Share-based compensation	—	—	—	3,943		—		—		3,943
Subordinate Voting Shares issued under share compensation plans	—	124,806	124,806	—		—		—		—
Tax withholding related to net share settlements of equity awards	—	(53,300)	(53,300)	(238)		—		—		(238)
Distributions to subsidiary non-controlling interest	—	—	—	—		—		(100)		(100)





Net loss	—	—	—	—		(32,870)		(889)		(33,759)
Balance, March 31, 2025	23,226,386	167,851,060	191,077,446	$	2,060,737	$	(828,614)	$	(13,246)	$	1,218,877

Balance, December 31, 2023	26,226,386	160,009,432	186,235,818	$	2,055,112	$	(640,639)	$	(5,860)	$	1,408,613
Share-based compensation	—	—	—	5,153		—		—		5,153
Subordinate Voting Shares issued under share compensation plans	—	42,662	42,662	170		—		—		170
Distributions to subsidiary non-controlling interest	—	—		—		—		(1,081)		(1,081)
Conversion of Multiple Voting to Subordinate Voting Shares	(3,000,000)	3,000,000	—	—		—		—		—
Redeemable non-controlling interest mezzanine equity	—	—	—	—		—		1,365		1,365
Adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to maximum redemption value	—	—	—	(8,836)		—		—		(8,836)
Subordinate Voting Shares issued pursuant to redemption of non-controlling interest	—	974,930	974,930	2,471		—		—		2,471
Net loss	—	—	—	—		(23,079)		(1,768)		(24,847)
Balance, March 31, 2024	23,226,386	164,027,024	187,253,410	$	2,054,070	$	(663,718)	$	(7,344)	$	1,383,008

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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TRULIEVE CANNABIS CORP.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

(in thousands)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss	$	(33,759)	$	(24,847)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	29,328		27,755
Depreciation included in cost of goods sold	13,855		13,477
Impairment and disposal of long-lived assets, net of (recoveries)	1,793		(1,360)
Share-based compensation	3,943		5,153
Deferred income taxes	(4,650)		10,016
Other non-cash changes	4,989		6,144










Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Inventories	(7,913)		3,522
Accounts receivable	(2,606)		1,493

Other assets	(8,438)		(1,399)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	(225)		1,040
Income tax receivable / payable	1,373		2,663
Other liabilities	(2,667)		(3,592)


Uncertain tax position liabilities	55,713		97,616

Proceeds received from insurance for operating expenses	—		1,473
Net cash provided by operating activities	50,736		139,154
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(16,883)		(15,494)
Purchases of internal use software	(3,912)		(5,008)
Maturities of short-term investments	60,393		—
Other proceeds	4,019		1,541
Other purchases and payments	(206)		—














Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	43,411		(18,961)
Cash flows from financing activities
Payments on long-term borrowings	(1,864)		(1,726)
Payments for taxes related to net share settlement of equity awards	(238)		—
Proceeds from equity exercises	—		170
Other payments and distributions	(2,396)		(2,997)
Other proceeds	—		3,000












Net cash used in financing activities	(4,498)		(1,553)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	89,649		118,640
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period	239,710		207,979
Cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations, beginning of period	—		301
Less: cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations, end of period	—		—
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period	$	329,359	$	326,920

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information
Cash paid during the period for
Interest	$	9,016	$	8,939
Income taxes paid, net of (refunds)	28		(54,859)
Noncash investing and financing activities
ASC 842 lease additions - operating and finance leases	$	5,125	$	5,967
Purchases of property and equipment in accounts payable and accrued liabilities	2,852		484
Operating license intangible placed into service, transfer from other assets	6,500		—

Subordinate Voting Shares issued pursuant to redemption of non-controlling interest	—		2,471

Adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to maximum redemption value	—		8,836

The condensed consolidated statements of cash flows include continuing operations and discontinued operations for the periods presented.


	March 31,
	2025		2024
Beginning of period:
Cash and cash equivalents (1)	$	238,803	$	201,372
Restricted cash	907		6,607
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	239,710	$	207,979
End of period:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	328,452	$	320,313
Restricted cash	907		6,607
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	329,359	$	326,920



(1) Excludes cash associated with discontinued operations totaling $0 and $0.3 million as of December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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TRULIEVE CANNABIS CORP.

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of Trulieve Cannabis Corp., ("Trulieve," the "Company," "we," "our," or "us") has been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and, therefore, do not include all financial information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In management's opinion, the condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair statement of the Company's financial position as of March 31, 2025, and the results of its operations and cash flows for the periods ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The results of the Company's operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full 2025 fiscal year.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements for Trulieve Cannabis Corp. and the notes thereto, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") on February 27, 2025 (the "2024 Form 10-K").

Discontinued Operations

In June 2023, the Company exited operations in Massachusetts and in July 2022, the Company exited operations in Nevada. Both actions represented a strategic shift in business; therefore, the related assets and liabilities associated with the discontinued operations are classified as discontinued operations on the condensed consolidated balance sheets and the results of the discontinued operations have been presented as discontinued operations within the condensed consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented. Unless specifically noted otherwise, footnote disclosures only reflect the results of continuing operations.

Basis of Measurement

These condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis, under the historical cost convention, except for certain financial instruments that are measured at fair value as described herein.

Functional Currency

The functional currency of the Company and its subsidiaries, as determined by management, is the United States (“U.S.”) dollar. These condensed consolidated financial statements are presented in U.S. dollars.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the condensed consolidated financial statements of prior periods to conform to the current period presentation. The consolidated results remain unchanged for all periods presented.

NOTE 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The Company’s significant accounting policies are described in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on February 27, 2025. Our management has reviewed these significant accounting policies and related disclosures and determined that there were no significant changes to our significant accounting policies during the three month period ended March 31, 2025.

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NOTE 3. SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Inventories

Inventories are comprised of the following as of:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024

	(in thousands)
Raw materials
Cannabis plants	$	18,168	$	20,986
Packaging and supplies	28,281		30,208
Total raw materials	46,449		51,194
Work in process	132,911		125,168
Finished goods - unmedicated	6,894		6,354
Finished goods - medicated	53,030		48,655
Total inventories	$	239,284	$	231,371

Notes Receivable


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024

	(in thousands)
Notes receivable, gross	7,238		12,494

Less: allowance for credit losses	(2,257)		(7,216)
Less: current portion of notes receivable	(4,456)		(4,750)
Notes receivable, net	$	525	$	528

In the first quarter of 2025, a $5.0 million write-off was charged against the allowance due to uncollectibility. No provision for credit losses was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Fair Value Measurements

The fair values of financial instruments measured on a recurring basis by class are as follows as of:


	Fair Value Hierarchy Level (1)	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024

Financial Assets:
Money market funds (2)	Level 1	$	306,494	$	204,314
Certificates of deposit (3)	Level 1	—		60,393
Total financial assets		$	306,494	$	264,707
Financial Liabilities:
Interest rate swap (4)	Level 2	$	1,570	$	1,011



(1) There were no transfers between hierarchy levels during the periods ending March 31, 2025 or December 31, 2024.
(2) Interest income from money market funds was $2.8 million and $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.
(3) The certificates of deposit outstanding at December 31, 2024 matured in the first quarter of 2025. Interest income from certificates of deposit was $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025.
(4) The fair value of the interest rate swap liability is recorded in other long-term liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Shared Based Compensation

Stock Options

The following table summarizes the Company's stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025:


			Number of options
Outstanding options, beginning of period			4,636,067
Granted (1)			2,141,172

Forfeited			(45,268)
Expired			(728,776)
Outstanding options, end of period			6,003,195
Vested and exercisable options, end of period			3,072,724



(1) The weighted average exercise price for stock options granted was $4.03.

Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes the Company's restricted stock unit ("RSU") activity for the three months ended March 31, 2025:


			Number of restricted stock units
Unvested balance, beginning of period			3,179,644
Granted (1)			4,608,711
Vested			(124,806)
Forfeited			(82,884)
Unvested balance, end of period			7,580,665



(1) The weighted average grant date fair value of RSUs granted was $3.98.

Revenue Disaggregation

Revenue is comprised of the following for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024

	(in thousands)
Retail	$	281,973	$	284,994
Wholesale and other	15,787		12,625
Total revenue	$	297,760	$	297,619

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Commitments and Contingencies

Operating Licenses

Although the possession, cultivation, and distribution of cannabis is permitted for medical and/or adult use in the states in which the Company operates, cannabis is a Schedule-I controlled substance and its use remains a violation of federal law. Since federal law criminalizing the use of cannabis preempts state laws that legalize its use, strict enforcement of federal law regarding cannabis would likely result in the Company’s inability to proceed with the Company's business plans. In addition, the Company’s assets, including cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, real property, equipment, and other goods, could be subject to asset forfeiture because cannabis is still federally illegal.

Claims and Litigation

From time to time, the Company may be involved in litigation relating to claims arising out of operations in the normal course of business. As of March 31, 2025, there were no pending or threatened lawsuits that could reasonably be expected to have a material effect on the results of the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of operations. There are also no proceedings in which any of the Company’s directors, officers, or affiliates has a material interest adverse to the Company’s interest.

Contingencies

As of March 31, 2025, $5.6 million was included in contingent liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets related to various pending litigation claims as the loss is probable and can be estimated.

An acquisition in 2021 included a contingency providing for an additional $5.0 million in consideration which is contingent on the enactment, adoption or approval of laws allowing for adult-use cannabis in Pennsylvania. No liability was recorded for this contingent consideration, as the estimated value of the liability was not significant at the time of the acquisition or as of March 31, 2025 based on the likelihood of approval of laws allowing for adult-use cannabis in Pennsylvania.

NOTE 4. LONG-TERM BORROWINGS

Private Placement Notes

Private placement notes payable consisted of the following as of:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		Stated Interest Rate	Effective Interest Rate	Maturity Date

	(in thousands)
2026 Notes - Tranche One	$	293,000	$	293,000	8.00%	8.52%	10/6/2026
2026 Notes - Tranche Two	75,000		75,000		8.00%	8.43%	10/6/2026
Total private placement notes	368,000		368,000
Less: unamortized debt discount and issuance costs	(2,749)		(3,164)
Less: current portion of private placement notes	—		—
Private placement notes, net	$	365,251	$	364,836

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Notes Payable

Notes payable consisted of the following as of:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024		Stated Interest Rate	Effective Interest Rate	Maturity Date

	(in thousands)
Mortgage Notes Payable (1)
Notes dated December 21, 2022 (4)	$	67,931	$	68,377	(4)	7.87%	1/1/2028
Notes dated December 22, 2023	24,328		24,468		8.31%	8.48%	12/22/2028
Notes dated December 22, 2022	17,882		18,012		7.30%	7.38%	12/22/2032
Notes dated October 1, 2021	5,072		5,193		8.14%	8.29%	11/1/2027
Total mortgage notes payable	115,213		116,050
Promissory Notes Payable
Notes acquired in Harvest Acquisition in October 2021 (2)	1,017		1,027		(2)	(2)	(2)

Total promissory notes payable	1,017		1,027
Total notes payable (3)	116,230		117,077
Less: unamortized debt discount and issuance costs	(1,613)		(1,725)
Less: current portion of notes payable	(3,473)		(3,407)
Notes payable, net	$	111,144	$	111,945



(1) Underlying assets are pledged as collateral for the mortgage notes payable.
(2) Interest rates range from 0.00% to 7.50%, with a weighted average interest rate of 7.39% as of March 31, 2025. Maturity dates range from April 27, 2026 to October 24, 2026.
(3) Notes payable are subordinated to the private placement notes.
(4) The mortgage note payable interest rate is a variable rate equal to the CME Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR") plus 3.00%. In connection with the closing of this note, the Company entered into an interest rate swap to fix the interest rate at 7.53% for the term of the notes.

Construction Finance Liabilities

Total construction finance liabilities were $137.2 million and $137.4 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. The contractual terms range from 10.0 years to 25.0 years with a weighted average remaining lease term of 15.7 years.

Financial and Other Covenants

Certain long-term borrowing agreements contain various operating and financial covenants as disclosed in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and as of March 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all such operating and financial covenants.

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Maturities

Stated maturities of the principal portion of private placement and notes payable outstanding and future minimum lease payments for the construction finance liabilities, including interest, as of March 31, 2025 are as follows:


	Private Placement Notes		Notes Payable		Construction Finance Liabilities		Total Maturities

Year	(in thousands)
Remainder of 2025	$	—	$	2,560	$	13,160	$	15,720
2026	368,000		4,655		18,013		390,668
2027	—		7,600		18,519		26,119
2028	—		85,633		19,039		104,672
2029	—		668		19,574		20,242
Thereafter	—		15,114		263,810		278,924
Total	$	368,000	$	116,230	$	352,115	$	836,345

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NOTE 5. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following is a reconciliation for the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024

Numerator	(in thousands, except for per share data)
Continuing operations
Net loss from continuing operations	$	(32,137)	$	(23,489)
Less: net loss attributable to non-controlling interest	(889)		(1,768)

Less: adjustment of redeemable non-controlling interest to maximum redemption value	—		8,836
Net loss from continuing operations available to common shareholders.	$	(31,248)	$	(30,557)
Discontinued operations


Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax, attributable to common shareholders	$	(1,622)	$	(1,358)
Denominator
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding - Basic and diluted (1)	191,127,903		189,493,134
Loss per share - Continuing operations
Basic and diluted loss per share	$	(0.16)	$	(0.16)
Loss per share - Discontinued operations
Basic and diluted loss per share	$	(0.01)	$	(0.01)



(1) Potentially dilutive securities representing 13.6 million and 11.0 million shares of common stock were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, as their effect would have been antidilutive.

As of March 31, 2025, there were approximately 191.1 million shares of Subordinate Voting Shares and Multiple Voting Shares issued and outstanding, which excluded 0.1 million fully vested RSUs that are not contractually issuable until the earlier of a defined triggering event or the award anniversary date, either December 1, 2030 or December 1, 2031.

As of March 31, 2025, there were 9,496 warrants outstanding, each exercisable for one Subordinate Voting Share at an exercise price of $23.76, with an expiration date of December 30, 2025.

NOTE 6. INCOME TAXES

The following table summarizes the Company’s income tax expense and effective tax rate for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025	2024

	(in thousands)
Income before provision for income taxes	$20,327	$31,946
Provision for income taxes	$52,464	$55,435
Effective tax rate	258%	174%

The Company has computed its provision for income taxes based on the actual effective tax rate for the quarter as the Company believes this is the best estimate for the annual effective tax rate. The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States and Canada.

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Significant judgment is required in evaluating the Company’s uncertain tax positions and determining the provision for income taxes. The Company recognizes benefits from uncertain tax positions based on the cumulative probability method whereby the largest benefit with a cumulative probability of greater than 50% is recorded. An uncertain tax position is not recognized if it has a 50% or less likelihood of being sustained.

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits for the period presented:


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2025

	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	674,668


Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	32,392
Additions based on tax positions related to the prior years	657

Balance, end of period	$	707,717

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of uncertain tax position liabilities, net for the period presented:


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2025

	(in thousands)
Balance, beginning of period	$	445,221


Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	35,122
Additions based on tax positions related to the prior year	657


Reclass tax payments on deposit	10,957
Interest recorded in income tax expense, net of reversals (1)	8,977

Balance, end of period (2) (3)	$	500,934



(1) Amounts represent the interest recorded on uncertain tax positions during the respective years which are recorded in the provision for income taxes on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.
(2) The Company has taken a position that IRC Section 280E does not preclude it from deducting ordinary and necessary business expenditures on its tax returns. Of the $500.9 million in uncertain tax position liabilities, net, $466.9 million is related to this tax position. The amount does not include $110.1 million of previous tax payments for which the Company has claimed overpayment related to this tax position.

(3) The ending balance includes accrued interest and penalties totaling $41.0 million as of March 31, 2025.

The Company recorded interest on uncertain tax positions totaling $9.0 million and $3.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 respectively, to the provision for income taxes on the condensed consolidated statements of operations, which was primarily related to the tax positions based on legal interpretations that challenge the Company's tax liability under IRC Section 280E.

The Company and certain of its subsidiaries are currently under examination by the relevant taxing authorities for various tax years. The Company does not reasonably expect the potential outcomes of these examinations to materially change the amount of unrecognized tax benefit over the next 12 months. With few exceptions, as of March 31, 2025, the Company is no longer subject to examination by tax authorities for years before 2020.

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NOTE 7. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

The Company has entered into certain agreements in several states with various entities related to the purchase and operation of cannabis dispensary, cultivation, and production licenses, and has determined these to be variable interest entities ("VIEs") for which it is the primary beneficiary and/or holds a controlling voting equity position. The Company holds an ownership interest in these entities ranging from 0% to 95%, either directly or through a proxy as of March 31, 2025.

The summarized assets and liabilities of the Company's consolidated VIEs in which the Company does not hold a majority interest are presented in the table below as of the periods indicated and include third-party assets and liabilities of the Company's VIEs only and exclude intercompany balances that were eliminated in consolidation.


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024

	(in thousands)
Current assets:
Cash	$	473	$	420
Accounts receivable, net	735		721
Inventories	1,513		901
Prepaid expenses	151		160

Total current assets	2,872		2,202
Property and equipment, net	2,494		1,228


Intangible assets, net	1,985		2,028
Other assets	326		355
Total assets	$	7,677	$	5,813
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	784	$	371




Total current liabilities	784		371





Total liabilities	$	784	$	371

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NOTE 8. RELATED PARTIES

In 2023, the Company entered into an agreement to rent an asset from an entity that is directly owned in part by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the board of directors. The expense related to the use of this asset was $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and recorded to selling, general, and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The Company leases a cultivation facility and corporate office facility from an entity that is indirectly owned by the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chair of the board of directors, a former member of the Company's board of directors, and another member of the Company's board of directors. The Company had the following related party operating leases on the condensed consolidated balance sheets, under ASC 842, as of:


	March 31, 2025		December 31, 2024

	(in thousands)
Right-of-use assets, net	$	549	$	582
Lease liabilities:
Lease liabilities - current portion	$	146	$	142
Lease liabilities	444		482
Total related parties lease liabilities	$	590	$	624

Lease expense recognized on leases with related parties was $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and recorded to cost of goods sold and selling, general, and administrative expenses on the condensed consolidated statements of operations.

NOTE 9. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS

The following table summarizes the Company's loss from discontinued operations for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024

	(in thousands)



Expenses:
Operating expenses	$	758	$	435

Total expenses	758		435
Loss from operations	(758)		(435)
Other expense:
Other expense, net	(864)		(923)
Total other expense, net	(864)		(923)
Loss before income taxes	(1,622)		(1,358)

Net loss from discontinued operations, net of $0 tax benefit	$	(1,622)	$	(1,358)

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The condensed consolidated statements of cash flows include continuing operations and discontinued operations and the activity from discontinued operations was nominal for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

Future minimum lease payments, including interest, for the construction finance liability associated with discontinued operations as of March 31, 2025 are as follows:


Year	(in thousands)
Remainder of 2025	$	4,232
2026	5,788
2027	5,961
2028	6,140
2029	6,324
Thereafter	5,963
Total future payments	$	34,408

NOTE 10. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company’s management evaluates subsequent events through the date of issuance of the condensed consolidated financial statements. Subsequent to March 31, 2025, the Company received $7.9 million in cash and recorded a $7.9 million gain related to partial settlement of insurance recoveries. The timing and amount of the remaining portion of the insurance settlement, if any, cannot be estimated.

There were no other subsequent events that occurred during such period that would require adjustment to or disclosure in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" of Trulieve Cannabis Corp., together with its subsidiaries ("Trulieve," the "Company," "we," "our," or "us") should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the related Notes thereto and "Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 (our "2024 Form 10-K").

This discussion contains forward-looking statements and involves numerous risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to those described in the “Risk Factors” section of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2024 Form 10-K. Actual results may differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements. You should read “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” contained herein and in our 2024 Form 10-K. See “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements and Projections” in “Part II. Other Information” of this report. You should consider our forward-looking statements in light of the risks discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in “Part II. Other Information” of this report and our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements, related notes and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this report, and the risks discussed in "Item 1A, Risk Factors" of the Form 10-K and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

Overview

Trulieve Cannabis Corp. is a reporting issuer in the United States and Canada. The Company’s Subordinate Voting Shares (as hereinafter defined) are listed for trading on the Canadian Securities Exchange (“CSE”) under the symbol “TRUL” and are also traded in the United States on the OTCQX Best Market (“OTCQX”) under the symbol “TCNNF”.

Trulieve is a vertically integrated cannabis company and multi-state operator with operations in nine states. Headquartered in Quincy, Florida, we are the largest cannabis retailer in the United States with market leading retail operations in Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. We are committed to delivering exceptional customer experiences through elevated service and high-quality branded products. We aim to be the brand of choice for medical and adult-use customers in all of the markets that we serve. The Company operates in highly regulated markets that require expertise in cultivation, manufacturing, and retail. We have developed proficiencies in each of these functional areas and are passionate about expanding access to regulated cannabis products through advocacy, education and expansion of our distribution network.

All of the states in which we operate have developed programs to permit the use of cannabis products for medicinal purposes to treat specific conditions and diseases, which we refer to as medical cannabis. Recreational cannabis, or adult-use cannabis, is legal cannabis sold in licensed dispensaries to adults ages 21 and older. Thus far, of the states in which we operate, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Maryland, and Ohio, have already launched programs legalizing the sale of adult-use cannabis products. Trulieve operates its business through its owned subsidiaries which hold licenses in the states in which they operate.

As of March 31, 2025, we operated the following:


State	Number of Dispensaries	Number of Cultivation and Processing Facilities
Florida	161	5
Arizona	22	3
Pennsylvania	21	3
West Virginia	10	1
Georgia	6	1
Ohio	5	—
Maryland	3	1
Connecticut	1	—
Colorado	—	1
Total	229	15

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Regional Hub Structure

Trulieve’s production, retail, and distribution areas are organized into regional hubs whereby teams and assets are aggregated in order to effectively pair national structure and support with localized operations tailored to each market. Trulieve has established cannabis operations in three hubs: Southeast, Northeast, and Southwest. Each of our three regional hubs are anchored by market leading positions in cornerstone states of Florida, Pennsylvania, and Arizona.

In Florida and Georgia, Trulieve cultivates, processes, and manufactures all cannabis products sold in our dispensaries. In other markets including Arizona, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, we have achieved varying percentages of vertical integration with cultivation and processing operations to support our retail and wholesale businesses. Our investments in vertically integrated operations in several of our markets afford us ownership of the entire supply chain, which mitigates third-party risks and allows us to completely control product quality and brand experience. Trulieve employs an in-house quality team as well as testing laboratories in select markets, both of which allow us to more tightly control product quality.

Cultivation and Manufacturing of Cannabis Products

Trulieve produces high quality cannabis flower and uses a variety of processes to transform biomass into products sold through our retail and wholesale distribution network. With a focus on replicable, scalable operations, we have developed design standards, standard operating procedures, and training protocols that are employed across cultivation sites to achieve a high level of consistency and quality. The modular nature of our standard designs enables quick and incremental additions to capacity where appropriate. In Florida, where demand is high enough to support larger scale production, our state-of-the-art 750,000 square foot automated indoor cultivation facility affords us greater flexibility on pricing, promotional cadence, and assortment by enabling production of high potency and high-quality products at lower costs.

We utilize various extraction techniques including supercritical ethanol extraction, carbon dioxide extraction, hydrocarbon extraction, and mechanical separation. We have invested in light hydrocarbon extraction, which typically offers higher yields than other extraction methods and allows for concentrates that preserve the natural ratios of cannabinoids, terpenes, and other target compounds to better replicate the flower experience. Ethanol extraction and carbon dioxide extraction techniques offer different benefits than hydrocarbon extraction and are each used for specific purposes, such as production of oil for use in manufactured goods and targeted extraction of specific compounds. In addition, we employ distillation, purification, and manufacturing technologies to further refine extracts and transform them into a wide variety of finished products.

Distribution of Branded Product through Branded Retail

Distribution of branded products through our branded retail locations is a core driver of our long-term strategy. We have developed and acquired a curated portfolio of our own branded retail products that we cultivate, manufacture and distribute in over 200 Trulieve retail locations. By providing customers with consistent high-quality products and outstanding experiences, we aim to garner a large and loyal customer base across our distribution network.

Trulieve brands include premium tier brands Avenue, Cultivar Collection, and Muse; mid-tier brands Alchemy, Modern Flower, Momenta, and Sweet Talk, and value tier brands Co2lors, and Roll One. Established relationships with brand partners allow for the sale of partner-branded products in select markets and retail locations, providing our customers with access to a greater variety and specialty brands. Brand partnerships include arrangements with Alien Labs, Bellamy Brothers, Binske, Black Buddha, Black Tuna, Blue River, Connected, DeLisioso, Khalifa Kush, Love’s Oven, Miami Mango, Moxie, Redemption Cannabis, Seed Junky and Sunshine Cannabis.

In February 2025, we launched a new line of premium THC beverages called Onward. These are Farm bill compliant non-alcoholic beverages made in the United States using naturally derived THC and CBD. These beverages are available online at drinkonward.com and in select liquor retail locations in Florida.

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Customer Experience

Since inception, Trulieve has prioritized creating exceptional customer experiences, developing the business to center around the Trulieve philosophy of “Customers First”. This customer-centric approach permeates our culture and informs strategic decision making.

Our goal is to foster brand loyalty by providing customers with industry-leading branded products and superior service in an appealing, approachable setting. We accomplish this by creating and reinforcing positive customer experiences. Customer feedback informs our approach across all aspects of the customer journey including products, service, and messaging. We track various metrics including overall satisfaction, net promoter, and customer effort scores. We employ and continuously refine numerous training programs to provide our associates with the resources they need to deliver outstanding customer experiences across the entire Trulieve platform. We offer specialized management training and incentives to reward positive outcomes so there is continuous reinforcement of customer experience best practices.

Marketing Strategies

Trulieve’s marketing strategies are tailored to address the unique attributes of the markets in which we operate. Generally, in markets where we serve medical patients, our messaging centers around education and outreach for physicians and medical patients. Our educational materials are designed to help physicians understand cannabinoid science, the high standards pursuant to which our plants are cultivated, the processes required for regulatory compliance, and how our products provide relief for their patients. Patients primarily learn about us through their physicians, patient-centric community events, and digital marketing. We regularly participate in outreach and community events. An engaged audience is captured through our digital content marketing and via multiple popular social media platforms.

We regularly engage with various communities who may benefit from cannabis, such as veterans, seniors, organizations that serve qualifying populations, and various health and wellness groups. Search engine optimization of our website also captures potential customers researching the benefits of cannabis, which offers another pathway to informative materials about cannabis, our products and how to legally access them.

In adult-use markets, marketing efforts aim to attract customers with varying levels of awareness of cannabis and Trulieve. We continue to delineate and refine our understanding of various customer personas, which factors such as location, products and pricing attract and retain customers, and which incentives are effective in driving specific outcomes. Connecting with a broader audience requires different strategies that inspire, tap into relevant cultural moments in their lives, build community as well as educate customers on our products’ uniqueness versus our competitors.

We understand each consumer has unique communication preferences and capabilities. As such, we engage with customers and physicians through a variety of methods including email, text, social media and online chat. In select markets we offer various purchase options, including phone ordering, online ordering, home delivery, and in-store. In all markets, Trulieve offers a customer rewards program featuring fully stackable and portable points as appropriate within existing regulatory frameworks.

Investments in Infrastructure and Technology

We have made significant investments in developing and deploying technology and data platforms designed to support scaled operations and growth in customers served and units sold. Through our customer data platform, we can analyze data to discern customer preferences, patterns, and trends which inform our product mix and allocation, promotional strategies, and outreach. Investments in our enterprise-grade platforms enable greater sophistication across production, retail, and wholesale operations and numerous support functions including accounting and finance, human resources, legal and compliance. We believe infrastructure and data capabilities are prerequisites for long term success in an increasingly competitive and integrated commerce environment.

Competitive Conditions and Position

The markets in which we operate are highly competitive markets with relatively high barriers to entry given the limited quantity of licenses available and the highly regulated nature of the cannabis industry. See “—Regulatory Overview” in Item 1—Business in our 2024 Form 10-K for additional information regarding the impact of regulation on

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our business. We compete directly with cannabis producers and retailers within single-state operating markets, as well as those that operate across several U.S. state markets.

The vast majority of both manufacturing and retail competitors in our markets are either localized businesses with operations in a single state market or regional players. Other multi-state cannabis operators compete directly in several of our operating markets. Aside from this direct competition, out-of-state operators that are sufficiently capitalized to enter those markets through acquisitions are also part of the competitive landscape. Similarly, as we execute on our regional hub strategy and expand across the U.S., operators in our future state markets will inevitably become direct competitors. Increased competition by larger and better financed competitors could materially affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We face additional competition from new entrants. If the number of consumers of medical and adult-use cannabis in our markets increases, the demand for products will increase and we expect that competition will become more intense as current and future competitors offer an increasing number of diversified products and engage in price competition. We expect to continue to invest in several areas, including customer experience, product innovation, scaled production, marketing and branding, and distribution network expansion. Trulieve may not have sufficient resources to maintain investments on a competitive basis, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operational results. The management team monitors developments in the fast-paced cannabis industry and adjacent industries to help us remain competitive.

We also compete indirectly with operators in the illicit market for cannabis and manufacturers and retailers of intoxicating hemp products.

See "Part I Item 1A — Risk Factors” of our 2024 Form 10-K for additional information regarding competition.

Seasonality

Our business operates year-round. Operations and sales trends in select markets do follow seasonal trends at various times of the year, providing seasonal impacts on sales in summer and winter months and increases from promotional activity around specific industry and holiday events including 4/20, 7/10, and Green Wednesday (the Wednesday before Thanksgiving).

Recent Developments

The U.S. government recently announced tariffs on goods imported from various countries, which have led to reciprocal tariffs and other trade measures. The effects from these new tariffs and trade measures did not have a material impact on our profitability in the first quarter. Although we are actively monitoring the tariff developments and analyzing the potential impacts, we currently do not expect them to have a material impact on our business, cost structure, or supply chain.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company’s accounting policies that we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results are described in our 2024 Form 10-K under the caption “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates.” During the three months ended March 31, 2025, there were no significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates.

Financial Review

Results of Continuing Operations

This section of this Form 10-Q generally describes and compares our results of continuing operations for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

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The following table and discussion compares condensed consolidated statements of operations data for the quarter-to-date periods presented:


	Three Months Ended March 31,

	2025			2024			2025 vs. 2024

	(in thousands)
Statements of Operations Data	Amount			Amount			Amount Change		Percentage Change
Revenue	$	297,760		$	297,619		$	141	—	%
Cost of goods sold	114,541			123,817			(9,276)		(7)	%
Gross profit	183,219			173,802			9,417		5	%
Expenses:
Selling, general, and administrative	118,772			101,307			17,465		17	%

Depreciation and amortization	29,328			27,755			1,573		6	%
Impairment and disposal of long-lived assets, net of (recoveries)	1,793			(1,360)			3,153		232	%

Total expenses	149,893			127,702			22,191		17	%
Income from operations	33,326			46,100			(12,774)		(28)	%
Other income (expense):
Interest expense, net	(16,295)			(14,669)			(1,626)		(11)	%
Interest income	3,068			3,258			(190)		(6)	%

Other income (expense), net	228			(2,743)			2,971		108	%
Total other expense, net	(12,999)			(14,154)			1,155		8	%
Income before provision for income taxes	20,327			31,946			(11,619)		(36)	%
Provision for income taxes	52,464			55,435			(2,971)		(5)	%
Net loss from continuing operations	(32,137)			(23,489)			(8,648)		(37)	%
Net loss from discontinued operations, net of $0 tax	(1,622)			(1,358)			(264)		(19)	%
Net loss	$	(33,759)		$	(24,847)		$	(8,912)	(36)	%

Percentage of Revenue	2025			2024
Cost of goods sold	38.5		%	41.6		%
Gross profit	61.5		%	58.4		%
Selling, general, and administrative	39.9		%	34.0		%

Revenue

Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $297.8 million, an increase of $0.1 million, from $297.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase was primarily driven by a $3.2 million increase in wholesale and other revenue which was partially offset by a $3.0 million decrease in retail revenue.

The decrease in retail revenue was driven by price compression and loyalty point redemption. This decrease was partially offset by the opening of additional dispensaries; the Company operated 229 dispensaries as of March 31, 2025 as compared to 195 as of March 31, 2024.

The increase in wholesale and other revenue was primarily driven by higher wholesale revenue in Maryland and Pennsylvania.

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Cost of Goods Sold and Gross Profit

Cost of goods sold for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $114.5 million, a decrease of $9.3 million, or 7.5%, from $123.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Cost of goods sold as a percentage of revenue was 38.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to 41.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Gross profit for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $183.2 million, an increase of $9.4 million, or 5.4%, from $173.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Gross profit as a percentage of revenue was 61.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2025 as compared to 58.4% for the three months ended March 31, 2024, which was driven by decreased cost of goods sold reflecting year-over-year improvements in at-scale cost efficiencies from our production facilities as well as a disciplined approach to promotional activity in the current period.

Selling, General, and Administrative Expense

Selling, general, and administrative expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $118.8 million, an increase of $17.5 million, or 17.2%, from $101.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. Selling, general, and administrative expense as a percentage of revenues was 39.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to 34.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase in selling, general, and administrative expenses was due to higher campaign and political contributions of $13.7 million and the addition of new dispensaries, which was partly offset by lower retail labor expense in the current period.

Depreciation and Amortization Expense

Depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $29.3 million, an increase of $1.6 million, or 5.7%, from $27.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Impairment and Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, Net of (Recoveries)

Impairment and disposal of long-lived assets, net of recoveries was a loss of $1.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 compared to a gain of $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The change is primarily due to 2025 asset disposal activities associated with underperforming assets, whereas an insurance recovery was received in the first quarter of 2024 associated with property damage in 2023.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $16.3 million, an increase of $1.6 million, or 11.1%, from $14.7 million for three months ended March 31, 2024.

Interest Income

Interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $3.1 million, a decrease of $0.2 million, or 5.8%, from $3.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

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Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income, net for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $0.2 million, a change of $3.0 million, from other expense, net of $2.7 million for three months ended March 31, 2024. The change is primarily related to expense from credit loss reserves on non-operating notes receivable in the prior year.

Provision for Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $52.5 million, a decrease of $3.0 million, or 5.4%, from $55.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The provision for income taxes as a percentage of gross profit was 28.6% for the three months ended March 31, 2025, compared to 31.9% for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The decrease in tax expense in the first quarter of 2025, as compared to the first quarter of 2024, was driven by the first quarter of 2024 having a one-time impact of changing certain state tax filings which required us to revalue deferred taxes in those states, which was partially offset by an increase in gross profit in the first quarter of 2025, as well as an increase in interest expense on uncertain tax positions.

Management's Use of Non-GAAP Measures

Our management uses a financial measure that is not in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the U.S., or GAAP, in addition to financial measures in accordance with GAAP to evaluate our operating results. This non-GAAP financial measure should be considered supplemental to, and not a substitute for, our reported financial results prepared in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA is a financial measure that is not defined under GAAP. Our management uses this non-GAAP financial measure and believes it enhances an investor’s understanding of our financial and operating performance from period to period because it excludes certain material non-cash items and certain other adjustments management believes are not reflective of our ongoing operations and performance. EBITDA is calculated as net loss before net: interest expense, interest income, provision for income taxes, and depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is calculated as net loss before net interest expense, interest income, provision for income taxes and depreciation which is then adjusted for certain contributions, such as campaign and political initiatives, items that we do not believe represent the operations of the core business such as acquisition, transaction and other non-recurring costs including major system changes, impairments and disposals of long-lived assets including goodwill, discontinued operations, share-based compensation, and other income and expense items.

We report Adjusted EBITDA to help investors assess the operating performance of the Company’s business. The financial measure noted above is a metric that has been adjusted from the GAAP net income measure in an effort to provide readers with a normalized metric in making comparisons more meaningful across the cannabis industry, as well as to remove non-recurring, irregular and one-time items that may otherwise distort the GAAP net income measure.

As noted above, our Adjusted EBITDA is not prepared in accordance with GAAP, and should not be considered in isolation of, or as an alternative to, measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. There are a number of limitations related to the use of Adjusted EBITDA rather than net income, which is the most directly comparable financial measure calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Because of these limitations, we consider, and you should consider, Adjusted EBITDA together with other operating and financial performance measures presented in accordance with GAAP. A reconciliation of net income, the most directly comparable financial measure calculated in accordance with GAAP, to Adjusted EBITDA, has been included herein immediately following our discussion of “Adjusted EBITDA”.

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Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $109.2 million, an increase of $3.4 million, or 3.2%, from $105.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase primarily resulted from improved gross profit.

The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss attributable to common shareholders (GAAP) to non-GAAP Adjusted EBITDA, for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025			2024

	(in thousands)
Net loss attributable to common shareholders	$	(32,870)		$	(23,079)
Add (deduct) impact of:
Interest expense, net	16,295			14,669
Interest income	(3,068)			(3,258)
Provision for income taxes	52,464			55,435
Depreciation and amortization	29,328			27,755
Depreciation included in cost of goods sold	13,855			13,477
EBITDA (Non-GAAP)	76,004			84,999

Impairment and disposal of long-lived assets, net of (recoveries)	1,793			(1,360)
Campaign and political contributions	22,952			9,225
Acquisition, transaction, and other non-recurring costs	3,104			3,677
Share-based compensation	3,943			5,153

Other (income) expense, net	(228)			2,743
Discontinued operations, net of tax, attributable to common shareholders	1,622			1,358





Total adjustments	33,186			20,796
Adjusted EBITDA (Non-GAAP)	$	109,190		$	105,795
Adjusted EBITDA (Non-GAAP) % of Revenue	36.7		%	35.5		%

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources of Liquidity

Since our inception, we have funded our operations and capital spending through cash flows from product sales, third-party debt, proceeds from the sale of our capital stock and loans from affiliates and entities controlled by our affiliates. We are generating cash from operations and are deploying our capital reserves to acquire and develop assets capable of producing additional revenues to support our business growth. Our current principal sources of liquidity are our cash and cash equivalents provided by our operations as well as debt and equity offerings. The Company has generated, and expects to continue to generate, additional cash from operations. Cash and cash equivalents consist primarily of cash on deposit with banks and money market funds.

Our primary uses of cash are for working capital requirements, capital expenditures, debt service payments, and income tax payments. Additionally, we may use cash to support cannabis market expansion related initiatives, such as Smart & Safe Florida, which we contributed to in 2025 and 2024. Working capital is used principally for personnel expenses as well as costs related to the cultivation, processing and distribution of our products. Our capital expenditures consist primarily of additional cultivation and processing facilities and retail dispensaries, and improvements to existing facilities to support the long-term growth in markets with adult-use catalysts as well as investments in technology infrastructure. In the current period, our debt service payments consist primarily of interest payments.

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As of March 31, 2025, cash and cash equivalents were $328.5 million. We believe our existing cash balances will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash requirements from the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q through at least the next 12 months. Any additional future requirements would likely be funded through the following sources of capital:

•Cash from ongoing operations,

•Equity or debt financings.

Cash Flows

The condensed consolidated statements of cash flows include continuing operations and discontinued operations. The table below highlights our cash flows for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2025		2024

	(in thousands)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	50,736	$	139,154
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	43,411		(18,961)
Net cash used in financing activities	(4,498)		(1,553)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	89,649	$	118,640

Cash Flows - Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $50.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, a decrease of $88.4 million as compared to $139.2 million net cash provided by operating activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024. This decrease was primarily due to $50.0 million of tax refunds, from amended returns, related to the Company's position that it does not owe taxes attributable to the application of Section 280E of the Internal Revenue Code, received in the first quarter of 2024, and higher campaign and political contributions of $13.7 million made in the first quarter of 2025. This decrease in the first quarter of 2025 was also driven by the comparative change in inventories of $11.4 million where the first quarter of 2024 benefited from the $3.5 million decrease in inventories versus the $7.9 million increase for the current period in addition to the increase in the first quarter of 2025 in trade and other receivables of $12.3 million. This was partially offset by a $9.4 million improvement in gross profit driven by improved cost of goods sold.

Cash Flows - Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities was $43.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, an increase of $62.4 million, compared to the $19.0 million net cash used in investing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024. The increase is primarily driven by certificates of deposit that matured in the first quarter of 2025 which were entered into in the third quarter of 2024.

Cash Flows - Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $4.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025, an increase of $2.9 million, compared to $1.6 million net cash used in financing activities for the three months ended March 31, 2024.

Balance Sheet Exposure

As of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, substantially all of our condensed consolidated balance sheets is exposed to U.S. cannabis-related activities, and substantially all our revenue is from U.S. cannabis operations. We believe our operations are in material compliance with all applicable state and local laws, regulations, and licensing requirements in the states in which we operate. However, cannabis remains illegal under U.S. federal law. For information about risks related to U.S. cannabis operations, please refer to the “Risk Factors” section of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and "Part I, Item 1A - Risk Factors" in our 2024 Form 10-K.

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Contractual Obligations

For information on our commitments for financing arrangements, operating leases, claims and litigation, contingencies, and other obligations, see Note 3. Supplementary Financial Information, Note 4. Long-Term Borrowings, and Note 6. Income Taxes in Part I. Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Other than the $55.7 million increase in our uncertain tax position liabilities, there were no other material changes to our contractual obligations as set forth in Part II Item 7 of our 2024 Form 10-K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of the date of this filing, we do not have any off-balance-sheet arrangements that have, or are reasonably likely to have, a current or future effect on the results of operations or financial condition of, including, and without limitation, such considerations as liquidity and capital resources.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

There have been no material changes to our market risk disclosures as set forth in Part II Item 7A of our 2024 Form 10-K.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Based on our management's evaluation with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Interim Chief Financial Officer, as of March 31, 2025, our Chief Executive Officer and our Interim Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our "disclosure controls and procedures" (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")) were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and our Interim Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred for the three months ended March 31, 2025, which has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Internal Controls

Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer, believes that our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and are effective at the reasonable assurance level. However, our management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met.These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions.

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PART II - OTHER INFORMATION

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify these statements by forward-looking words such as “may”, “will”, “would”, “could”, “should”, “believes”, “estimates”, “projects”, “potential”, “expects”, “plans”, “intends”, “anticipates”, “targeted”, “continues”, “forecasts”, “designed”, “goal”, or the negative of those words or other similar or comparable words. These forward-looking statements include the Company’s statements regarding the Company’s expectations with respect to the sales of certain assets, statements regarding expected cost savings and long-term benefits from the Company’s cost streamlining efforts, the Company's beliefs regarding taxes it does not owe. Any statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not statements of historical facts may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and future growth prospects. The forward-looking statements contained herein are based on certain key expectations and assumptions, including, but not limited to, with respect to expectations and assumptions concerning receipt and/or maintenance of required licenses and third party consents and the success of our operations, are based on estimates prepared by us using data from publicly available governmental sources, as well as from market research and industry analysis, and on assumptions based on data and knowledge of this industry that we believe to be reasonable. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance or development and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that are in some cases beyond our control. As a result, any or all of our forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may turn out to be inaccurate. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, among other things, those listed under “Part II, Item 1A – Risk Factors” and discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and in “Part I, Item 1A – Risk Factors” of our 2024 Form 10-K. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise these forward-looking statements for any reason, even if new information becomes available in the future. You should, however, review the factors and risks we describe in the reports we will file from time to time with the SEC after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. These factors and risks include, among other things, the following:

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

•the illegality of cannabis under federal law;

•the uncertainty regarding the regulation of cannabis in the U.S.;

•the effect of constraints on marketing our products;

•the risks related to the newness of the cannabis industry;

•the effect of risks due to industry immaturity;

•the risk we may not be able to grow our product offerings and dispensary services;

•the effect of risks related to material acquisitions, investments, dispositions and other strategic transactions;

•the effect of risks related to growth management;

•the effect of restricted access to banking and other financial services by cannabis businesses and their clients;

•the risks related to maintaining cash deposits in excess of federally insured limits;

•our ability to comply with potential future FDA regulations;

•the risks related to control over variable interest entities;

•the effects of risks related to any reclassification of cannabis or changes in U.S. controlled substance laws and regulations;

•the effect of restrictions under U.S. border entry laws;

•the effect of heightened scrutiny that we may face in the U.S. and Canada and the effect it could have to further limit the market of our securities for holders in the U.S.;

•our expectation that we will incur significant ongoing costs and obligations related to our infrastructure, growth, regulatory compliance and operations;

•the effect of a limited market for our securities for holders in the U.S.;

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•our ability to locate and obtain the rights to operate at preferred locations;

•the effect of unfavorable tax treatment for cannabis businesses;

•the effect of taxation on our business in the U.S. and Canada;

•the higher risk of IRS audit;

•the effect of the lack of bankruptcy protections for cannabis businesses;

•the effect of risks related to being a holding company;

•our ability to enforce our contracts;

•the effect of intense competition in the cannabis industry;

•our ability to obtain cannabis licenses or to maintain such licenses;

•the risks our subsidiaries may not be able to obtain their required licenses;

•our ability to accurately forecast operating results and plan our operations;

•the effect of agricultural and environmental risks;

•our ability to adequately protect our intellectual property;

•the effect of risks of civil asset forfeiture of our property;

•the effect of risks related to ineffective internal controls over financial reporting;

•the effect of risks related to a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting;

•our dependency on key personnel;

•the effect of product liability claims;

•the effect of risks related to our products;

•the effect of unfavorable publicity or consumer perception;

•the effect of product recalls;

•the effect of security risks related to our products and our information technology systems;

•the effect of risks related to misconduct by our service providers and business partners;

•the effect of risks related to labor union activity;

•potential criminal prosecution or civil liabilities under RICO;

•the effect of risks related to our significant indebtedness;

•our ability to obtain adequate insurance coverage;

•the effect of risks related to key utility services on which we rely;

Risks Related to Owning Subordinate Voting Shares

•the possibility of no positive return on our securities;

•the effect of additional issuances of our securities in the future;

•the effect of sales of substantial amounts of our shares in the public market;

•volatility of the market price and liquidity risks on our shares;

•the lack of sufficient liquidity in the markets for our shares;

Risks Related to Being a Public Company

•the increased costs as a result of being a U.S. reporting company;

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Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

There are no actual or to our knowledge contemplated legal proceedings material to us or to which any of our or any of our subsidiaries’ perspective properties are the subject matter.

There have been no material penalties or sanctions imposed against the Company by a court or regulatory authority, and the Company has not entered into any material settlement agreements before any court relating to provincial or territorial securities legislation or with any securities regulatory authority, in the three years prior to the date of this prospectus.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Investing in our Subordinate Voting Shares involves a high degree of risk. Our 2024 Form 10-K includes detailed discussions of our risk factors under the heading “Part I, Item 1A—Risk Factors". You should consider carefully the risk factors discussed in our 2024 Form 10-K and all other information contained in or incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q before making an investment decision. If any of the risks discussed in the 2024 Form 10-K actually occur, they may materially harm our business, financial condition, operating results, cash flows or growth prospects. As a result, the market price of our Subordinate Voting Shares could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment. Additional risks and uncertainties that are not yet identified or that we think are immaterial may also materially harm our business, financial condition, operating results, cash flows or growth prospects and could result in a complete loss of your investment. There have been no material changes from such risk factors during the three months ended March 31, 2025.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

During the three months ended March 31, 2025, no director or officer of the Company adopted, modified, or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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Item 6. Exhibits.


Exhibit Number		Description

10.1‡		Executive Employment Agreement, dated February 26, 2025, by and between Trulieve Cannabis Corp. and Jason Pernell (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 27, 2025 (File No. 000-56248))
31.1 *		Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2 *		Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rules 13a-14(a) or 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32.1 **		Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101.INS*		Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE*		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*		Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

	*Filed herewith.
	** Furnished herewith.
	‡ Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	TRULIEVE CANNABIS CORP.

Date: May 7, 2025	By:	/s/ Kim Rivers
		Kim Rivers
		Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)

Date: May 7, 2025	By:	/s/ Ryan Blust
		Ryan Blust
		Interim Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer)

Date: May 7, 2025	By:	/s/ Joy Malivuk
		Joy Malivuk
		Chief Accounting Officer
		(Principal Accounting Officer)