Exhibit 23.1

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CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 333-255942, 333-237103, 333-231478 and 333-226226) and Form S-3 (No. 333-232955) of Rubius Therapeutics, Inc. of our report dated February 25, 2022 relating to the financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 10-K.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Boston, Massachusetts

February 25, 2022