UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-K

(Mark One)

☒ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(D) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission file number: 001-37523

PURPLE INNOVATION, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (801) 756-2600

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒   No   ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes  ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 (b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☐

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to §240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of June 30, 2024, the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter, the aggregate market value of the common stock outstanding, other than shares held by persons who may be deemed affiliates of the registrant, computed by reference to the closing sales price for the common stock as of June 30, 2024, as reported on NASDAQ, was $58.5 million.

As of March 7, 2025, there were 107,545,493 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share, and 164,982 shares of Class B common stock; par value $0.0001 per share of the registrant issued and outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to (i) “Purple,” “the Company,” “our company,” “we,” “our” and “us,” or like terms, refer to Purple Innovation, Inc. and its subsidiaries, currently Purple Innovation, LLC; (ii) “Purple Inc.” refers to Purple Innovation, Inc. without its subsidiary; (iii) “Purple LLC” refers to Purple Innovation, LLC, an entity of which Purple Inc. acts as the sole managing member and of whose common units we own approximately 99.9% as of March 7, 2025; (iv) “Business Combination” refers to the February 2, 2018 reverse recapitalization transaction pursuant to which Purple Inc. acquired Purple LLC; (v) “Global Partner Acquisition Corp.” and “GPAC” refer to the Company prior to the closing of the Business Combination; (vi) “Common Stock” or “Class A Stock” refers to the Company’s Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share; (vii) “Class B Stock” refers to the Company’s Class B common stock, par value $0.0001 per share; and (viii) “2024 Annual Meeting” refers to the Company’s 2024 annual meeting of stockholders.

CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report, including, without limitation, statements under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” includes forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act. Statements in this report that are not descriptions of historical facts are forward-looking statements that are based on management’s current expectations and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could negatively affect our business, results of operation, financial condition and stock price. These forward-looking statements relate to expectations for future financial performance, business strategies or expectations for Purple. Specifically, forward-looking statements may include statements relating to changes in the markets in which Purple competes, expansion plans and opportunities, our restructuring, our expectation of opening additional Purple showrooms, increases in capital, advertising and operational expenses, and other statements preceded by, followed by or that include the words “estimate,” “plan,” “project,” “forecast,” “intend,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “seek,” “target” or similar expressions.

The forward-looking statements contained in this report are made only as of the date hereof. It is routine for our internal projections and expectations to change throughout the year, and any forward-looking statements based upon these projections or expectations may change prior to the end of the next quarter or year. Forward-looking statements are based on our current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects on us. Future developments affecting us may not be those that we have anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond our control) and other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, those factors described under the heading “Risk Factors.” Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should any of our assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary in material respects from those projected in these forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws. These risks and others described under “Risk Factors” may not be exhaustive.

By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties because they relate to events and depend on circumstances that may or may not occur in the future. We caution you that forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and that our actual results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, and developments in the industry in which we operate may differ materially from those made in or suggested by the forward-looking statements contained in this report. In addition, even if our results or operations, financial condition and liquidity, and developments in the industry in which we operate are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this report, those results or developments may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods.

PART I

Item 1. Business

Introduction

Our mission is to deliver the greatest sleep ever invented.

We began as a digitally-native vertical brand founded on comfort product innovation with premium offerings, and have since expanded into brick & mortar stores as a true omni-channel brand. We offer a variety of innovative, branded and premium comfort products, including mattresses, pillows, cushions, bases, sheets and more. Our products are the result of decades of innovation and investment in proprietary and patented comfort technologies and the development of our own manufacturing processes. Our proprietary Hyper-Elastic Polymer gel technology underpins many of our comfort products and provides a range of benefits that differentiate our products from our competitors. Specially engineered to relieve pressure, maintain an ideal body temperature, and provide instantly adaptive support, Purple’s patented technology has been tested rigorously within medical and consumer applications for over 30 years. Originally designed for use in hospital beds and wheelchairs, we adapted this unique pressure-relieving material for our mattresses, pillows and other cushion products.

We market and sell our products via our direct-to-consumer channel, which includes Purple.com (our direct-to-consumer e-commerce), Purple showrooms, our customer contact center and online marketplaces (collectively “DTC”), and our wholesale channel through retail brick-and-mortar and online wholesale partners.

Our core competencies in design, development and manufacturing are the foundation of our business. We have integrated our operations to include research and development, marketing and manufacturing. As a result, we have the ability to rapidly test, learn, adapt and scale our product offerings. In order to solve complex manufacturing challenges such as large-format injection molding of our Hyper-Elastic Polymer cushioning material, we designed and produced our own manufacturing equipment including our proprietary and patented molding machinery. These fully customized machines are unique to Purple and, we believe, can handle both our size and scale requirements. We believe our combination of patents and intellectual property, proprietary and patented manufacturing equipment, production processes and decades of acquired knowledge create an advantage over our competitors who rely on commoditized materials, such as foam.

In addition to developing differentiated products and technologies, we have built a brand that we believe has high customer engagement and avid brand advocates. We have an experienced marketing team, providing efficient customer acquisition and brand demand development. Our marketing strategy enables us to market our full product suite to customers, generate frequent interactions online and drive traffic to all channels offering our products.

Our knowledge of and engagement with consumers across digital and brick and mortar retail channels is advantageous and increasing. To complement our DTC efforts, we have developed multiple wholesale relationships with best-in-class retailers in the furniture, mattress specialty, and home décor spaces. Our goal is to provide opportunities for each customer to learn, shop, and buy in the way that works for them. We believe our differentiated products (including differences across price, comfort, benefit, marketing strategies, manufacturing capabilities, branding and technology) position us to drive long-term growth. For the year ended December 31, 2024, our DTC sales accounted for 58.1% of our net revenues, as compared to 58.1% for 2023 and 57.7% for 2022, and wholesale sales accounted for 41.9% of net revenues, as compared to 41.9% for 2023 and 42.3% for 2022.

As of December 31, 2024 we operate 58 Purple showrooms across the United States as compared to 60 Purple showrooms at the end of 2023 and 55 Purple showrooms at the end of 2022. We continue to strategically open new showrooms and anticipate continued expansion of our showrooms in the future.

Industry and Competition

Our portfolio of products is driven by our commitment to innovating real comfort solutions that meaningfully help people sleep, feel and live better. Whether it’s getting a better night’s rest or elevating everyday life, we design and manufacture innovative, differentiated products that put our customers’ comfort first.

Sleep Products

The sleep products category encompasses a variety of products including mattresses, pillows, bases, foundations, sheets, mattress protectors, blankets and duvets. Meaningful innovation in sleep products has remained stagnant and limited over the last 150 years. Coil spring mattresses and memory foam, two of the primary materials underpinning mattress technology today, were invented in the 1860s and 1990s. Latex, water and air mattresses followed, emerging in the latter part of the 20^th century. The sleep product industry has generally remained complacent until the introduction of our proprietary Hyper-Elastic Polymer material, which we believe represents a meaningful innovation in pressure relief, temperature neutrality, responsiveness, durability and limited motion transfer. We believe that our proprietary technology solves problems that regular mattresses create and has proven that material innovations can have a positive impact on sleep.

Beginning in 2015, the market for sleep products underwent a fundamental transformation with the rise of e-commerce-based brands and direct-to-consumer distribution. This market change disrupted the traditional category dynamics and drove the majority of category growth (versus traditional mattress companies) for several years. Recently, the U.S. sleep product industry has experienced significant consolidation as manufacturers have acquired both direct-to-consumer companies and brick and mortar retailers to expand profitability through vertical integration and extend their reach to the consumer to capture more market share. Amidst this changing category dynamic, Purple’s product differentiation and manufacturing capabilities paired with our strategic mix of showrooms, e-commerce and third-party retailers, has allowed us to gain share and be a leader in the sleep products category.

In 2022, we acquired Advanced Comfort Technologies, Inc., dba Intellibed (“Intellibed”), a premium sleep and health wellness company that was a pre-existing licensee of the founders of some of our technologies. This acquisition resulted in us owning the sole right to use all of our Hyper-Elastic Polymer technologies in our beds. In addition, the acquisition allowed us to immediately expand into the luxury mattress segment. As a result, Purple launched two collections in the second quarter of 2023, giving us three collection offerings: Essentials (including the Purple Flex, The Purple Mattress, and The Purple Plus), Restore (including Restore, RestorePlus, and RestorePremier) and Rejuvenate (including Rejuvenate, RejuvenatePlus and RejuvenatePremier). We are re-launching the Rejuvenate collection (Rejuvenate 2.0) in the second quarter of 2025 with a newly innovated grid technology.

In general, direct-to-consumer mattress companies offer convenience, flexible shipping and returns, and low prices, while leveraging third-party manufacturing and distribution. Materials used by online mattress retailers include layers of foam cushioning that are assembled, compressed and folded into a box for distribution. This market is highly fragmented, commoditized and competitive, with customer purchase decisions based primarily on price. Prior to Purple, there has been little recent success disrupting the premium market, where the majority of category revenue and profit is realized. Competitors in the premium market include Tempur Sealy and Sleep Number.

While e-commerce home goods purchases have increased over the past five years, traditional brick-and-mortar retailers command a significant part of the market for mattress products. This part of the retail market is also highly fragmented and competitive. The leading brick-and-mortar specialty mattress retailer in the United States is Mattress Firm and the leading furniture store is Ashley Furniture. These national retailers compete with both regional and local retailers as well as furniture and department stores. Purple has also expanded into many of these regional and local furniture retailers.

Across these channels, some key factors that impact competition in our industry are comfort feel, product features, reliable logistics and manufacturing capabilities, marketing efficacy and efficiency, brand differentiation, expertise of sales associates, customer care, pace of innovation and product roadmap, price of products and services, financial stability and ability to invest in innovation.

What Makes Purple Different?

We believe we have a particular set of competitive strengths that differentiate and position us for continued success:

Growth Strategies

Our Products

Our current product portfolio is as follows:

Technology

Technology is key to our unique position within the sleep products industry. The introduction of our proprietary Hyper-Elastic Polymer material was the first major innovation in the consumer mattress category in decades. Mattresses from our competitors are typically manufactured using one or more layers of springs, standard polyurethane foam, memory foam, air chambers or latex foam and are undifferentiated from competitors within their product type.

Proprietary Technologies

The Purple innovation team, through their scientific journey to get to the root causes of pressure sores, designed the Hyper-Elastic Polymer material and other patented and proprietary comfort technologies in order to improve the lives of “every body.” Each different cushioning product line requires unique molding techniques.

Our Hyper-Elastic Polymer material is durable, elastic and can stretch up to 15 times its original size and return without losing its shape. It sleeps and sits temperature-neutral and has good ventilation to inhibit moisture build-up.

Our Hyper-Elastic Polymer material is both soft and supportive. While the columns in this structure provide support where it is needed, they also buckle where it is needed to reduce pressure by allowing shoulders and hips to sink into the cushion with reduced force pushing back on those areas of the body unlike other cushion technologies. The soft and flexible columns also return to their original position as forces lessen and are capable of immediately providing support.

Proprietary Machinery

Internally designed, developed and built, our patented and proprietary molding machines are able to mold our Hyper-Elastic Polymer material into large-format king-sized mattresses at scale. We have modified other molding machines to manufacture additional products containing Hyper-Elastic Polymer material. We also acquired in the Intellibed acquisition the patented manufacturing machine and process that had been licensed by our founders, preventing others from obtaining access to that technology. The process of molding our Hyper-Elastic Polymer material using our molding machinery is proprietary, patent-protected and complex, requiring specific knowledge and expertise to successfully execute manufacturing. We have in-house engineering and fabrication capabilities enabling us to design, manufacture, install and maintain new equipment as well as optimize the performance and efficiency of our existing machinery based on real-time insights gained from our vertically integrated operations.

Marketing

We have developed a brand that resonates with consumers. Our marketing efforts are focused on building awareness of the Purple brand and illustrating the unique way our products deliver better sleep and comfort. We leverage data-driven marketing across all communication channels to engage, acquire, and retain customers. We also amplify the voices of our evangelical product owners, whose word-of-mouth recommendations are one of our most powerful (and ownable) marketing vehicles. Deep engagement with current customers enables us to increase additional product sales across our portfolio of offerings. The success we have achieved through our marketing campaigns has been key to rapidly building our branding and awareness. We launched our elevated brand positioning in 2023 with the launch of our new products and we believe our premium brand position will allow us to increase our market share of the premium mattress category going forward.

Our Sales Channels

We sell our products via our DTC channel, which includes Purple.com (our direct-to-consumer e-commerce), Purple showrooms, our customer contact center and online marketplaces, and our wholesale channel through retail brick-and-mortar and online wholesale partners.

Direct-to-Consumer Channel

Our e-commerce distribution channel is a critical hub for consumer education and consumer engagement, as well as conversion. We have benefited from the rapid growth of the direct-to-consumer channel in the sleep product industry in addition to our differentiated product offering and unique marketing campaigns. We sell directly to consumers through our website, our customer contact center and online marketplaces. With our website and customer contact center, we help customers easily engage in relevant content, research our solutions, transact online or via our customer contact center, or find the nearest retailer. We believe our online experience expands our brand and connections with consumers, enabling deeper awareness, engagement and brand loyalty. We believe our 100-night trial, 10-year warranty, attractive financing options, strong customer testimonials and excellent service provide confidence to consumers buying a mattress.

We operate 58 Purple showrooms across the United States where consumers can experience our brand, learn and engage with our technology and purchase our products. Over time, we plan to strategically expand our showroom footprint across the United States.

Wholesale Channel

We sell our assortment of products through brick-and-mortar and online wholesale partners. We began selling mattresses and other sleep products through our largest wholesale partner, Mattress Firm, in November 2017 and have continued to expand the number of wholesale partners where our mattresses and other sleep products are sold. We now sell mattresses through Ashley Furniture, Big Sandy, City Furniture, Costco, Denver Mattress, HOM Furniture, Living Spaces, Mathis Brothers, Mattress Firm, Mattress Warehouse and Raymour & Flanigan, among others. We typically have four to five mattress models on the floor. Sales associates have been trained and we believe are effective in educating consumers regarding our unique benefits as well as shifting the mix upward to our more premium and higher-margin mattresses. We expect to continue to grow our placements with wholesale partners to give our customers the opportunity to feel the difference of our Hyper-Elastic Polymer technology for themselves.

Operations

Factories, Supply Chain and Manufacturing

In August 2024, we initiated a restructuring plan to strategically realign our operational focus to achieve operations efficiencies that are expected to improve profitability and provide for reinvesting in technology and marketing initiatives (the “Restructuring Plan”). The Restructuring Plan is comprised of the permanent closure of both Utah manufacturing facilities to consolidate mattress production in our Georgia plant. Closure of the two Utah manufacturing facilities is planned to be completed in the second quarter of 2025. Our manufacturing facility in McDonough, Georgia provides 844,000 square feet of manufacturing and distribution space where we manufacture our proprietary Hyper-Elastic Polymer cushioning used in our mattress, pillow and seat cushion products. We also have recently opened a 198,000 square foot distribution facility in Salt Lake City, Utah, that in addition to the McDonough facility, will assemble, package and ship our products. We continually strive to improve our manufacturing processes and create efficiencies in production through new equipment and process designs and resources. We also manage our production labor and capacity utilization to promote efficient use of our manufacturing facilities. We believe our McDonough factory provides ample room to accommodate our future growth and expansion plans for the near term.

We have a number of contract manufacturers who assemble mattresses and have established a network of third-party logistics providers to help with order fulfillment across the United States. These arrangements help to minimize delivery times and provide white glove service in addition to parcel services.

We outsource and resell other products, including adjustable bases, platform bases, sheets, mattress protectors, blankets and duvets. These products unique to Purple are either designed in-house or in partnership.

We have relationships with multiple suppliers for our outsourced products and components. These suppliers may be interchanged in order to maintain quality, cost and delivery expectations.

Environmental and Governmental Regulation

We are subject to numerous federal, state, local and foreign consumer protection, retail, environmental, health, safety, import/export, marketing, e-commerce, privacy, and other laws and regulations applicable to the sleep product industry. As a manufacturer of mattresses and related products, we handle regulated substances, which subject us to various environmental laws. For example, we are subject to the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, and related state and local statutes and regulations. Our mattress products are subject to fire-retardant standards developed by the State of California, U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission and other jurisdictions where we sell these products.

We have made and will continue to make capital and other expenditures necessary to help us comply with these laws and regulations. These expenditures have been immaterial to our financial results. We have not suffered a material adverse effect from non-compliance with federal, state, local or foreign legislation, but there can be no assurance that material costs or liabilities will not be incurred in connection with such legislation in the future.

Research and Development

Our research and development teams are focused primarily on developing new comfort technologies and products. In 2023, we launched our three new premium mattress collections including our new line of luxury mattresses. We have an extensive history of innovation that is core to our culture and key to our continued success. Our inventions have culminated over years of persistent research and development. We intend to continue to develop and introduce new comfort technologies and products. Our vertical integration is a key differentiator that enhances the effectiveness of our research and development capabilities. By gaining real-time feedback, we can integrate these insights into our manufacturing process, digital marketing, products and equipment. In order to facilitate further innovation and development, we opened a 61,000 square foot facility in August 2023 located in Draper, Utah that serves as our innovation center.

Intellectual Property

We rely on patent and trademark protection laws to protect our intellectual property and maintain our competitive position in the marketplace. We hold various domestic and foreign patents, patent applications, trademarks and trademark applications regarding certain elements of the design, manufacturing and function of our products. We also maintain protections over proprietary trade secrets. Our intellectual property portfolio is integral to our continued success in this industry, particularly with respect to our Hyper-Elastic Polymer material as well as our molding processes and machines.

We own or have the exclusive right to use hundreds of granted or pending patents and hundreds of patent filings on inventions and designs pertaining to our machines, processes, mattresses, pillows, seat cushions, packaging techniques and other related existing and future products. Our issued United States patents that are significant to our operations are expected to expire at various dates up to 2042.

We have several trademarks registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Applications are pending for registration of additional trademarks and some of these listed trademarks for additional classes of goods both in the United States and internationally. Our Purple, No Pressure, Gelflex, the color purple, and Hyper-Elastic Polymer trademarks are also registered and have applications pending for various classes of goods in numerous foreign jurisdictions, some of which include Australia, Canada, China, Europe, United Kingdom, Japan and Korea. We also have several common law trademarks.

Many of the common law marks have registrations pending with the USPTO and other international jurisdictions. Solely for convenience, we may refer to our trademarks in this Annual Report without the ^™ or ^® symbol, but such references are not intended to indicate that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to our trademarks.

In addition, we maintain copyrights, many registered, to past and present versions of purple.com, onpurple.com, equapressure.com, wondergel.com, marketing content, blogs, logos, graphics, videos and other marketing and promotional materials promoting our products.

While we may own or have the exclusive rights in this intellectual property it is our responsibility to maintain that exclusivity through intellectual property enforcement efforts when an infringement occurs. We continue to enforce those intellectual property rights and will continue to do so to maintain our success in this industry.

We protect and enforce our intellectual property rights, including through litigation as necessary.

Human Capital

At Purple, our primary focus is fostering the professional development of our employees through collaboration of engaged teams and helping them feel connected to Purple’s success. We try to achieve this through maintaining a safe and high-functioning work environment that cultivates an authentic company culture. Our people initiatives are strategically crafted to enhance the professional growth and overall satisfaction of our employees, with the overarching goal of making Purple the best place they’ve ever worked.

As of March 7, 2025, we had approximately 1,200 employees engaged in manufacturing, research and development, general corporate functions, wholesale, e-commerce, and Purple showrooms.

In 2025, Purple’s human resources team is focusing on four pillars that drive our people strategy: (i) acquire, retain, and develop great people; (ii) improve organizational performance; (iii) deliver competitive and meaningful pay and benefits; and (iv) celebrate our people.

Acquire, retain, and develop great people 

We attempt to strategically acquire, keep and cultivate a talented, motivated, and high-caliber workforce. We believe this will be achieved by selectively recruiting outstanding talent, tailoring development plans for employees, implementing an accelerated leadership development program for promising individuals, and building cross-functional career maps.

Improve organizational performance 

We attempt to drive efficiency, effectiveness, and business success through strategic people initiatives. We will continue to invest in new technology to enhance communication channels and optimize our human resource information system, enabling self-service functionalities for managers and employees. In alignment with our core values, we will place emphasis on creating shared experiences that will facilitate genuine connections and foster strong relationships within our workforce.

Deliver competitive and meaningful pay and benefits   

We attempt to provide compensation packages that are both competitive and meaningful, encompassing salary and benefits that align to market standards. We will continue to provide relevant employee perks that connect our employees with our Company’s mission and actively contribute to nurturing employee engagement.

Celebrate our people 

We attempt to continue to focus on maintaining a culture of recognition where we actively acknowledge and honor the achievements, contributions, and milestones of our people. Through thoughtful and authentic celebration, we not only create a culture of gratitude, but we will also foster a sense of belonging and motivation, ultimately strengthening our team cohesion and morale.

Available Information

Our website address is www.purple.com. We make available, free of charge on our Investor Relations website, investors.purple.com, all of our reports filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The SEC also maintains an Internet website that contains reports and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC located at http://www.sec.gov.

We also use our Investor Relations website, investors.purple.com, as a channel of distribution of additional Purple information that may be deemed material. Accordingly, investors should monitor this channel, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. The contents of our website shall not be deemed to be incorporated herein by reference.

Information About Our Executive Officers

As of the date of this report, our executive officers are as follows:

Executive Officers

Robert T. DeMartini has served as Chief Executive Officer since January 2022. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. DeMartini, served as president and chief executive officer of USA Cycling, Inc., the official U.S. Olympic & Paralympic Committee governing body for all disciplines of competitive cycling in the United States, from 2019 until 2021. He previously served as president and chief executive officer of New Balance Athletic Shoes (U.K.) Ltd., from 2018 to 2019 and as president and chief executive officer of New Balance Athletics, Inc. from 2007 to 2018, each a business unit of New Balance, Inc. a leading manufacturer and retailer of athletic footwear, apparel and accessories. From 1982 through 2007 Mr. DeMartini held various leadership positions with Procter & Gamble, The Gillette Company, and Tyson Foods, Inc. He also currently serves on the board of directors of Welch’s Foods and Q30 Innovations/Q30 Sports Canada, and formerly served on the board of directors of Advanced Functional Fabrics of America, The American Apparel & Footwear Association, and Aloha. Mr. DeMartini received a Bachelor of Science degree in Finance from San Diego State University.

Todd E. Vogensen has served as Chief Financial Officer since October 2023. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Vogensen served as executive vice president and chief financial officer of Party City Holdings Inc. from February 2020 to August 2023. In January 2013, Party City Holdings Inc. filed a voluntary petition for reorganization relief pursuant to Chapter 11 of the U.S. Bankruptcy Code. Previously, Mr. Vogensen served as executive vice president—chief financial officer at Chico’s FAS, Inc. from June 2015 to January 2020. He joined Chico’s FAS in October 2009, and served in roles of increasing responsibility, including senior vice president – finance, and vice president – investor relations. Previously, Mr. Vogensen served in executive finance roles at Michaels Stores, Inc., Gap, Inc., Hewlett Packard Company and PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. Mr. Vogensen received a Bachelor of Science degree in Accounting from Arizona State University.

Tricia S. McDermott-Spikes joined Purple in October 2023 and serves as Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary responsible for strategic oversight of the legal organization, corporate governance, compliance intellectual property, licensing, litigation, insurance and government affairs.  Ms. McDermott-Spikes is a skilled executive, attorney and business leader who brings more than 25 years of expertise in global retail and manufacturing environments. Prior to joining the Company, from February 2021 to October 2023, Ms. McDermott-Spikes served as the chief legal & risk officer and secretary at Shoe Show, Inc. Previously, from December 2011 to February 2021, Ms. McDermott-Spikes was with Perry Ellis International, Inc., where she served in roles of increasing responsibility and last served as general counsel and secretary from November 2017 to February 2021. Ms. McDermott-Spikes is active in her community, having previously served on the boards of Teach for America (Miami-Dade), Family Promise of Palm Beach County, the Association of Corporate Counsel (Charlotte), and the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office, Trademark Public Advisory Committee as an appointee of the U.S. Secretary of State. Ms. McDermott-Spikes continues her service on the Board of Trustees of the Blumenthal Performing Arts Center in Charlotte, NC, as chair of the Talent, Development & Retention Committee and member of the Governance Committee. Ms. McDermott-Spikes received a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and a Juris Doctor degree from Rutgers University along with a certificate in Accelerated Management from Yale University School of Management.

Eric S. Haynor has served as the Chief Operating Officer of the Company since June 2022. Prior to joining the company, Mr. Haynor spent most of his career with Ecolab, a supplier of cleaning, sanitizing and maintenance products and services for the institutional, hospitality, healthcare and industrial markets, in a variety of end-to-end supply chain roles. From August 2019 until he joined the Company in June 2022 he served as senior vice president, industrial supply chain at Ecolab providing strategic direction for eight industrial business units. Prior to that, he held the role of vice president, global equipment operations and strategy from June 2015 to August 2019 at Ecolab. From August 2009 to June 2015, Mr. Haynor led Ecolab’s EMEA supply chain operations and from April 2005 to August 2009 he led Ecolab’s Asia Pacific supply chain operations. His early career was spent in a variety of developmental supply chain roles. Mr. Haynor is a graduate of Michigan State University and holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering.

Jeffrey L. Hutchings has served as the Chief Innovation Officer of the Company since May 2022. Mr. Hutchings has more than 20 years of experience in strategic business leadership in innovation, new product introduction and quality assurance. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Hutchings served as chief product officer at Skullcandy Inc., a designer and manufacturer of performance audio and gaming headphones and other accessory related products, from December 2018 to May 2022 and as vice president of product from June 2015 to December 2018. Prior to that from July 2010 to June 2015, Mr. Hutchings served in various engineering and director roles at HARMAN International. Mr. Hutchings holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Engineering from the University of Utah.

Jeffery S. Kerby has served as the Chief of Owned Retail Officer of the Company since January 2023. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Kerby served as vice president, head of stores of Sephora, a retailer of personal care and beauty products, since May 2019, responsible for leading 86 stores throughout Canada. From March 2018 to January 2019, he served as the senior regional director of American Eagle, a specialty retailer of clothing, accessories and personal care products, where he led American Eagle/Aerie stores in the Midwest United States and Canada with 225 stores. Prior to joining American Eagle, Mr. Kerby was with L Brands’ LaSensa, a Canadian retailer of women’s lingerie and apparel, from February 2017 to March 2018. Prior to that, Mr. Kerby was the vice president, head of stores/store operations for L Brands’ Victoria’s Secret International from June 2015 to September 2016. From October 2008 to June 2015, Mr. Kerby grew from director to associate vice president, head of stores for Bath and Body Works. Mr. Kerby holds a Bachelor of Science degree from Washington State University’s School of Communications.

John J. Roddy IV has served as Chief People Officer of the Company since October 2021.  Mr. Roddy brings to the Company over 20 years of experience in culture transformation, talent development, organization design and change leadership. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Roddy served as the chief people officer for VASA Fitness, a fitness club operator, from 2018 to October 2021. Prior to that he was the chief human resources officer for SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, a theme park and entertainment company, from 2016 to 2018. From 2012 to 2016, Mr. Roddy was the senior vice president of human resources for Luxottica Group. Prior to joining Luxottica Group, he was the vice president of human resources for Starbucks Corporation from 2004 to 2012.  Mr. Roddy holds a Master’s degree from Columbia University in Organizational Psychology and a Bachelor’s degree in Organizational Behavior from Brigham Young University – Hawaii.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

The risk factors detailed below could materially harm our business, results of operation and/or financial condition, impair our future prospects and/or cause the price of our Common Stock to decline. These are not all of the risks we face and other factors not presently known to us or that we currently believe are immaterial may also affect our business if they occur.

Risks Relating to Our Business and Our Operations

Our indebtedness, related covenants, and certain prepayment obligations, including make-whole payments, could limit operational and financial flexibility and adversely affect our business if we breach such covenants or default on such indebtedness.

On January 23, 2024, to refinance existing obligations, we entered into a Second Amendment to Term Loan Agreement (the “Second Amendment”) and an Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Amended and Restated Credit Agreement) with Coliseum Capital Partners, L.P. (“CCP”), Blackwell Partners LLC – Series A (“Blackwell”), Harvest Small Cap Partners Master, Ltd.(“Harvest Master”), Harvest Small Cap Partners, L.P. (“Harvest Partners”), and HSCP Strategic IV, L.P. (“HSCP” and together with CCP, Blackwell, Harvest Master, and Harvest Partners, the “Lenders”). Upon entry into the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, we received a term loan in the amount of $61.0 million. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement imposes various affirmative and negative covenants, including covenants regarding dispositions of property, investments, forming or acquiring subsidiaries, business combinations or acquisitions, incurrence of additional indebtedness, paying dividends or making distributions and transactions with affiliates, among other customary covenants.

These restrictions may prevent us from taking actions that we believe would be in the best interests of the business and complicate our ability to execute our business strategy or compete with less restricted companies.  If we fail to comply with the covenants under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, we may need to seek future amendments or waivers and/or alternative liquidity sources, such as subordinated debt, which may not be favorable or available. Before taking any action requiring a waiver under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, we must first obtain approval from the Lenders, which may cause us to incur additional costs and may not be granted. Non-compliance could lead to defaults, which could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations, including possible acceleration of our debt and, as well as other cross-defaulting debt obligations. Additionally, defaults could significantly impair our ability to secure alternative financing and limit our business strategies. Our compliance with these covenants will depend on successfully implementing our business strategy, as breaches could lead to defaults and acceleration of our debt, potentially forcing us into bankruptcy or liquidation.

In addition, on March 12, 2025, we entered into an Amendment to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “2025 Amendment”), pursuant to which the Lenders agreed to provide us with an incremental term loan of $19.0 million. The 2025 Amendment also amended the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement to (i) provide for an additional term loan from the 2025 Term Loan Lenders (as defined in the 2025 Amendment) in an aggregate amount not to exceed $20.0 million, subject to the approval of the Required Lenders in their discretion, (ii) provide for the payment of substantial make-whole payments in the event we prepay the loans prior to their maturity, and (iii) provide that the incremental term loan will be senior in right of repayment to the initial term loan.

Under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, we have mandatory prepayment obligations, including upon certain asset dispositions, equity issuances, debt incurrences and extraordinary receipts of cash. As amended by the 2025 Amendment, we may be required to make substantial “make-whole” payments to the Lenders. If required to prepay or pay such make-whole payments, we may lack the liquidity to do so, resulting in default. Prepayments, including make-whole payments, would also divert resources from operating expenses, potentially harming relationships with suppliers, hindering growth strategies, and jeopardizing our business continuity. In addition, such payments could result in holders of our Class A Stock not receiving any consideration in a sale of our business, or if we were to liquidate, dissolve, or wind-up, either voluntarily or involuntarily.

We may need additional funds to execute our business plan, maintain our liquidity, repay our debt and fund our operations. We may not be able to obtain such funds on acceptable terms or at all.

We have experienced recurring operating losses and negative cash flows and may continue to generate operating losses and consume significant cash resources in the future. For the years ended December 31, 2024, and 2023, we had negative cash flow from operating activities of $18.0 million and $54.7 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2024, we had unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $29.0 million and borrowings of $70.7 million under our Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (as defined below), which will become due on December 31, 2026.

On March 12, 2025, we borrowed an additional $19.0 million under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement pursuant to the 2025 Amendment (as defined below), which will also become due on December 31, 2026. The 2025 Amendment (as defined below) also added certain make-whole payments with respect to our borrowings under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which would require substantial payments in connection with certain pre-payments or refinancing of our outstanding borrowings.

In connection with the preparation of our 2024 financial statements, we undertook a going concern assessment and concluded the Company will have sufficient liquidity for its operations for at least one year from the date these consolidated financial statements are issued. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain the liquidity necessary to fund our long-term operations and growth strategies, or repay our debt obligations when due. As a result, we may need to secure additional sources of liquidity to fund our long-term operating activities and capital expenditures. However, there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain additional financing as needed on terms favorable to us, or at all. If we fail to meet liquidity and capital requirements, we may need to scale back or halt our growth plans, risking slower growth, losing suppliers, failing to meet customer demands, and losing employees. We may also need to restructure our obligations or pursue other measures to address any liquidity deficiency. 

Under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, we can request additional loans, but the Lenders may deny requests, limiting our access to future funds and adversely affecting our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.

Future equity or debt financings may involve issuing securities likely to be dilutive to our existing stockholders, such as warrants, as we did on January 23, 2024 when we issued to the Lenders, as partial consideration for their entering into the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, warrants (the “2024 Warrants”) to purchase 20.0 million shares of our Common Stock (approximately 19% of our currently outstanding Common Stock) at a price of $1.50 per share, subject to certain adjustments. In addition, on March 12, 2025, we issued to the Lenders, as partial consideration for their entering into the 2025 Amendment, warrants (the “2025 Warrants” and together with the 2024 Warrants, the “Warrants”) to purchase 6.2 million shares of our Common Stock (approximately 6% of our currently outstanding Common Stock) at a price of $1.50 per share, subject to certain adjustments. The exercise of such warrants and/or any additional similar securities in the future would dilute the value and amount of our Common Stock. Similarly, any new securities we may issue may carry preferences, superior voting rights, or additional terms that could adversely affect shareholders of our Common Stock. Future capital raising efforts may incur substantial costs, such as investment banking, legal, and accounting fees, and could lead to non-cash expenses that negatively impact our financial condition.

We may not realize all the intended benefits of our Restructuring Plan and other cost-saving initiatives, which could adversely affect our results of operations and our financial condition.

In 2024, we implemented our Restructuring Plan to consolidate our Utah manufacturing operations into our McDonough, Georgia plant, and we plan to undertake further cost-saving initiatives in 2025. However, the remaining costs under our Restructuring Plan may exceed estimates, and we may not achieve all the expected financial benefits or savings. Relocating equipment to Georgia and expanding our workforce there could be challenging. Replacing experienced Utah employees with less experienced Georgia staff may lead to a loss of knowledge, lower productivity, and decreased efficiency and quality. Manufacturing in a single U.S. region could increase our distribution costs. Consolidating plants may cause disruptions in our inventory and raw material supply. We may not fully sublease our Utah facilities, impacting our financial condition. The Restructuring Plan, as well as past and future restructurings, including workforce reductions, could harm employee morale, disrupt business operations, result in the loss of institutional knowledge, damage our reputation, and impair our ability to attract skilled talent, negatively affecting the business. 

In addition, we plan to implement additional cost savings measures in 2025 beyond those implemented pursuant to our 2024 Restructuring Plan. We may not achieve the expected financial benefits or savings from these additional cost savings measures, which could further adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, such cost saving measures may adversely affect our ability to generate additional revenue in the future.

We have in the past experienced and may in the future experience significant fluctuations in our results of operations, which could make our future results of operations difficult to predict or cause our results of operations to fall below analysts’ and investors’ expectations.

Our quarterly and annual results of operations have fluctuated in the past and we expect our future results of operations will fluctuate due to a variety of factors, many of which are beyond our control. Fluctuations in our results of operations could cause our performance to fall below the expectations of analysts and investors and adversely affect the price of our Common Stock. If we fail to meet or exceed the expectations of analysts and investors or if analysts and investors have estimates and forecasts of our future performance that are unrealistic or that we do not meet, the market price of our Common Stock could decline. In addition, if one or more of the analysts who cover us adversely change their recommendation regarding our stock, the market price of our Common Stock could decline.

Coliseum Capital Management, LLC is our largest stockholder and Lender, and exercises substantial control over our Board composition, management team members and strategies.

As reported by Coliseum in its Schedule 13D/A filed on January 23, 2024, Coliseum Capital Management LLC (“Coliseum”) beneficially owns 58.5 million shares of Common Stock (which includes 46.9 million shares of Common Stock currently owned and 11.6 million shares of Common Stock that could be acquired upon exercise of its Warrants). Coliseum will only have the right to exercise its Warrants to the extent that it (together with its affiliates) would not beneficially own in excess of 49.9% of the shares of Common Stock outstanding immediately after such exercise (the “Beneficial Ownership Cap”).

As a result of its significant beneficial ownership of our Common Stock, Coliseum has the ability to influence the outcome of any corporate actions which require stockholder approval, including but not limited to, the election of directors, significant corporate transactions including a merger or other sale of the Company or the sale of all or substantially all of our assets. This concentrated voting control will limit other stockholders’ ability to influence corporate matters, including control of the composition of our Board and management, as well as our corporate strategies, and could adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock or the sale of the Company. In addition, Coliseum exercises substantial control over us as the primary Lender under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement.

In 2022, Coliseum delivered to us an unsolicited bid to acquire the remaining outstanding shares of our Common Stock, submitted a notice of its intent to nominate a slate of directors, which slate would have constituted a majority of the Board, and filed a lawsuit challenging our issuance of a dividend of shares of preferred stock (the “Action”). On April 19, 2023, Coliseum and the Company entered into a cooperation agreement (the “Cooperation Agreement”) settling the Action, which included among other items the appointment of certain new directors and agreement to certain standstill provisions, as discussed further in Note 16 – Related Party Transactions Coliseum Capital Management, LLC of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. The Cooperation Agreement terminated on the date following our 2024 annual meeting of stockholders. Under the terms of the Cooperation Agreement, our current Chair of the Board, Mr. Gray, and four of our other current directors, Mr. Darling, Mr. Pate, Mr. Peterson and Ms. Serow, were appointed or nominated to serve on our Board.

There can be no assurance that Coliseum will not make another unsolicited bid to acquire the remaining outstanding shares of our Common Stock or attempt to nominate additional or replacement members to the Board. Such future actions by Coliseum may require us to devote significant additional resources and time that would otherwise be directed at our business and operations or may demotivate current executives and discourage other executives from joining the Company. In addition, such actions could cause the price of our Common Stock to change based on investors’ perceptions of Coliseum’s actions and Coliseum’s influence over the Company and our Board.

We have engaged in significant related-party transactions with Coliseum and other parties that may give rise to conflicts of interest or otherwise adversely affect our results of operations and the value of our business.

We have engaged in numerous related-party transactions with significant stockholders, directors, and their affiliated entities. For example, under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, as amended by the 2025 Amendment, the Lenders, which include Coliseum, have loaned to us an aggregate of $80.0 million and we have issued Warrants to Coliseum and the other Lenders to purchase an aggregate of 26.2 million shares of our common stock at $1.50 per share. Coliseum, our largest stockholder, has appointed or nominated a total of five directors to serve on our Board, each of whom continues to serve on our Board, including, Adam Gray, who continues to serve as Chairman. Any future transactions with the Lenders or any other related parties may give rise to conflicts of interest or otherwise adversely affect our business.

Our preliminary exploration of potential strategic alternatives may not be successful, which may adversely affect our ability to compete with larger, including combined, competitors.

We regularly engage in dialogue with market participants regarding potential business combinations, partnerships and other strategic alternatives. Based on certain recent preliminary inquiries, the Board has formed a special committee of independent directors and we have engaged a financial advisor to support them in evaluating any indications of interest and exploring other potential strategic alternatives. There can be no assurance that any of such preliminary exploratory activities will result in our engaging in a strategic alternative transaction, or even if we do so, that any such strategic alternative transaction will result in favorable terms and conditions for us or our shareholders. If we are unsuccessful in engaging in a favorable strategic alternative, then our ability to grow our business and compete with larger, including combined, competitors may be adversely affected. As a result, we may face liquidity challenges in the long-term and our ability to achieve consistent profitability may be adversely affected.

We may not be able to successfully anticipate consumer trends and demand and our failure to do so may lead to a loss of consumer acceptance of the products we sell.

Our success may depend on our ability to timely anticipate and respond to changing consumer trends. Those changes and resulting changes in our product mix and distribution strategy could adversely affect our business and results of operations. For example, as retail stores reopened following the COVID-19 pandemic, consumers shifted away from online retail purchases towards brick-and-mortar shopping. Our gross profit margins for sales through wholesale customers are lower than those in our DTC channel, so that shift adversely affected our gross profit margins. If we fail to identify and respond to emerging trends, consumer acceptance of the products we manufacture and sell and our image with current or potential customers may be harmed, which could reduce our net sales. If we misjudge market trends, we may significantly overstock inventory and be forced to take significant inventory markdowns, which would have a negative impact on our gross profit and cash flow. Conversely, shortages of inventory or increases in time for fulfillment of our products that prove popular could also reduce our sales.

We operate in the highly competitive sleep products industry, and if we are unable to compete successfully, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

The sleep products industry is highly competitive and fragmented, with competition from manufacturers (including those sourcing from low-cost countries), traditional retailers, and online direct-to-consumer brands. Competition centers on price, quality, brand recognition, availability, and performance across various distribution channels. This competitive environment exposes us to risks of losing market share, significant customers, margins, and new customer acquisition. We have introduced new products in the luxury mattress market but have limited experience in this sector. If we fail to compete effectively with other manufacturers and retailers of our products, our sales, profitability, cash flow, and financial condition may be materially adversely affected. 

Many of our significant competitors, including established manufacturers, retailers, and new entrants, offer products directly competing with ours. This increasing competition from both domestic and international sources, including competitors that source from low-cost locations such as China and Vietnam, could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Competitors are expanding their distribution channels, with many offering direct-to-consumer sales online. Major retailers like Mattress Firm, Amazon, and Walmart also sell competing products. Additionally, foreign retailers may vertically integrate by acquiring U.S. mattress manufacturers or other retailers.  Many of our competitors have greater financial resources, technical expertise, larger customer bases, established industry relationships, and more mature distribution channels. They may aggressively pursue market share with new or existing products, and we cannot guarantee we will have the resources or expertise to compete successfully. Additionally, competitors with better e-commerce platforms could hurt our sales. We have limited ability to predict competitors’ actions, such as new product launches, pricing strategies, or marketing campaigns, which could impact our market share and product margins. Competitors may also secure better terms from vendors, adopt more aggressive pricing, and invest more in technology and marketing. With many competitors offering a wide range of products, it may be difficult for us to differentiate through value, style, or functionality. Additionally, our products are often heavier, and some markets may not support affordable delivery, limiting our reach. The retail sleep product industry has low barriers to entry, allowing new or existing retailers to increase competition. This could delay or prevent us from gaining market share and negatively impact our growth and future results of operations. 

The Sleep products industry has experienced significant consolidation in recent years, including vertical integrations, with competitors acquiring brands to expand distribution networks, leverage economies of scale to gain market share and lower prices, gain greater bargaining power with suppliers, enhance brand recognition, advance research and development, and extend marketing and retail distribution channels. Consolidation among retailers may result in fewer sales channels or more restrictive terms for standalone brands. If we are unable to adapt to these industry shifts, our growth, results of operations, and market share could be adversely impacted.

Technological changes, such as advances in artificial intelligence, may render our current technologies obsolete or require costly updates. These new technologies may be superior to the technologies we currently use in our products and services. Adopting new technologies could be hindered by industry standards, regulations, resistance from clients, expense, or third-party intellectual property rights. Our competitiveness may depend on our ability to innovate and adapt to these changes and failure to keep pace may adversely affect our results of operations.

Timely product delivery affects our competitiveness. Failure to maintain or enhance our delivery processes and infrastructure could negatively impact our ability to compete. Disruptions, delays, or increased freight costs with our carriers and freight forwarders could harm sales, increase cancellations, damage our brand, and adversely affect our results of operations and our financial condition. If we fail to deliver products on time, our DTC and wholesale customers may reduce or stop future orders, and we may face late charges from wholesale partners. Production or shipment issues that lead to lower demand could materially impact our business and results of operations

Lack of availability and quality of raw materials, labor, components and shipping services, or increases in the cost of such inputs, have caused and may continue to cause delays in our inability to provide goods to our customers or could increase our costs, either of which could adversely affect our results of operations.

We rely on external suppliers for key raw materials like polyurethane foam, oil, spring units, and our Hyper-Elastic Polymer® ingredients. Any supply issues, quality concerns, or price fluctuations could raise costs and hinder our ability to meet customer demand. These issues or concerns may be magnified to the extent we rely on a limited number of suppliers or a sole supplier. Competitive pressures may also limit our ability to pass on price increases, potentially leading to lost sales.  Shortages of widely used components like foam and spring units, due to factors like increased demand, weather events, or supply chain issues, could impact our production and operations. If a supplier fails to deliver, we will need to find replacements, potentially on unfavorable terms. Any disruption in component supply could significantly interrupt production and raise costs. 

Even with timely access to raw materials, supply chain constraints, inflation, increased duties and tariffs, and other factors will increase shipping, labor, and production costs. Rising costs for materials, transportation, and labor could impact our production efficiency, reduce gross margins, and negatively affect our results of operations. Shipping costs and delays have in the past risen and may again in the future rise due to port closures, congestion, and shortages of containers and ships. Future disruptions, such as pandemics, geopolitical conflicts, and increased duties and tariffs, could worsen delays and increase material costs. These issues may impact our ability to maintain inventory, meet demand, and affect our operations. Any significant supply chain interruptions or inability to source materials at acceptable prices could harm our business. 

Our information technology systems may fail to perform adequately, may be disrupted by natural disasters or other catastrophes, or we may be unable to protect the privacy, integrity and security of our information systems.

Our operations and our revenue rely heavily on information technology systems. Any failure in these systems could disrupt our sales and various functions, including order processing, inventory management, and product delivery. Upgrades or improvements to our systems may require significant capital, time, and resources, potentially causing disruptions. Difficulties with system upgrades or failures, or an inability to adapt our systems to business changes could negatively impact our operations. Our systems may face interruptions or degradation from hardware or software issues, cyberattacks, natural disasters, power losses, fraud, political conflicts, or other events. Some systems may lack sufficient redundancy, and our disaster recovery planning may not cover all scenarios. They are also vulnerable to natural disasters, security breaches, sabotage, and data theft. Any such issues could negatively impact our results of operations. 

We collect and store personal information from customers and suppliers, including customer payment details. We may share this information with third parties. Cyberattacks targeting sensitive data are a known threat, and hackers may attempt to breach our systems or those of third parties. Employees, contractors, or business partners could also intentionally or unintentionally compromise security. For example, we previously experienced an unauthorized intrusion involving a former contractor’s credentials, though no personal information was accessed. Future breaches could occur if there are weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting related to information technology systems. We and third-party partners have experienced and, in the future, may experience various cyber-attacks, including phishing, malware, and ransomware attacks. In 2022, we experienced a spear-phishing attack that led to a $140,000 loss due to unauthorized changes to a vendor’s bank account. We expect continued exposure to similar threats. Additionally, increasing use of artificial intelligence by us and our third-party partners may increase these risks. A breach releasing sensitive data could harm our reputation, result in financial losses, and increase our security costs. Successful ransomware attacks could disrupt our operations, and while our insurance may cover some losses, it may not be sufficient for all liabilities. We are subject to evolving data privacy and breach laws, both at the state level (e.g., the California Consumer Privacy Act), the federal level, and internationally as we expand. These laws’ rapid changes and potential inconsistencies increase compliance costs and non-compliance risks. While we aim to comply, failure to do so could result in fines, administrative actions, and reputational damage.

Changes in economic conditions, including the housing market and tariffs, have or will adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We have experienced and may continue to experience volatility due to global and U.S. market conditions including the housing market, mortgage interest rates, tariffs, and inflation. These market conditions impact demand for mattresses and related products. We have experienced and may continue to experience a negative impact on our demand as a result of the current housing market. The impact of newly implemented or threatened tariffs is uncertain but will increase our costs and may negatively impact the demand for our products. We may not be able to pass along the costs of such tariffs to our customers, which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition. Continued inflation may reduce consumer discretionary spending, negatively affecting demand for our products. 

Disruption of our manufacturing has and could increase our costs of doing business or lead to delays in shipping and could materially adversely affect our business, our results of operations, and our financial condition.

Disruptions to our manufacturing operations, whether from the Restructuring Plan, a pandemic, natural disasters, lease issues, or equipment failures, could increase costs, delay production and shipping, and negatively impact our business, operations, and financial condition. Workplace injuries, industrial accidents, or violence could also lead to production suspensions and delays, affecting customer satisfaction, results of operations, financial condition including our cash flow. The Restructuring Plan, which consolidated our manufacturing operations into one plant, may heighten the risk of disruption, particularly from regional economic downturns, hurricanes, pandemics, utility shortages, or other events affecting our Georgia plant, potentially harming our business. 

Future growth and profitability may depend on our ability to improve our product line, successfully introduce new products, and effectively and efficiently market our products to attract and retain customers.

The mattress, pillow, bedding, bed base, and cushion industries are highly competitive. Competitors may develop or acquire superior technology. Our ability to grow market share depends on continually improving and expanding our product line and accessories. We invest significantly in research and development to improve and expand our products. If these efforts fail to lead to meaningful improvements or consumer acceptance, our results of operations, financial results, and reputation could suffer, potentially harming our business. A large portion of our gross profit comes from mattress products. If we fail to develop or successfully market new models, such as those introduced in recent years, our results of operations and business could be harmed.

We rely on effective marketing messages and efficient advertising to drive consumer awareness and sales. We continually adjust our strategies, including messaging, budget, and channels. However, we may struggle to adapt to changing consumer preferences, competition, and advertising efficiency. We rely on internet-based advertising through media and e-commerce platforms. If these platforms become less effective, lose users, or fail to target our audience, our advertising may lose effectiveness and adversely affect our business. Advertising costs on social media platforms such as Facebook have risen significantly, reducing efficiency, and we expect costs to keep increasing. We rely on relationships with media partners, search engines, social media influencers, and e-commerce platforms to drive traffic and attract customers. If we can’t maintain or develop these relationships on favorable terms, or if our reputation suffers, our ability to grow could be impacted. If we can’t manage these costs or generate expected sales, our business could be adversely affected. 

Our growth may be impacted by the effectiveness of our online experience for targeted audiences, including advertising and search optimization. We also need to manage consumer sentiment, prevent false information about our products, and ensure website stability. The increased presence of direct-to-consumer internet retailers and traditional mattress and furniture retailers and manufacturers has increased competition for search terms, driving up marketing costs. The growing number of third-party review websites gives customers many platforms to review our products, and negative reviews can significantly impact our reputation and brand and may adversely affect our results of operations. If we can’t manage relationships with reviewers to ensure accurate feedback, misleading reviews may harm our brand and hinder efforts to improve it. Ineffective marketing messages, inefficient advertising, or poorly targeted programs may harm brand awareness, consumer traffic, and our financial performance. Additionally, failure to prevent misleading information or negative sentiment on social media could also negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition. 

Our expansion into wholesale distribution and new sales channels, new products, market segments and geographic regions subjects us to additional business, legal, financial, and competitive risks.

Most of our sales are through DTC channels, but we have expanded into wholesale distribution. However, we cannot guarantee success with wholesale partners. We may struggle to generate additional sales through wholesale channels, and extending credit terms to wholesale partners could expose us to the risk of unpaid or late invoices. Providing fixtures to wholesale partners could also pose challenges in recovery or reuse. Wholesale customers may not purchase at expected volumes, and gross profit from wholesale sales are lower than DTC. If these issues arise, they could harm our reputation, limit growth, and negatively impact our results of operations.

We may struggle to open additional Purple showrooms beyond those already established. Operating showrooms involves risks such as inventory shrinkage, increased expenses, lease obligations, distribution challenges, and employee management. If we fail to operate these stores profitably or if we close unprofitable stores, it could harm our reputation, limit growth, and negatively impact our business. Expanding into new product offerings through e-commerce, wholesale, and Purple showrooms presents challenges, including potential service disruptions, quality issues, and customer claims. Expanding sales channels may also require new products to avoid conflicts between channels. New products may introduce warranty and return risks. Expanding into new markets or regions could expose us to additional regulations, leading to increased compliance and distribution costs.

Our business could suffer if we are unsuccessful in making, integrating and maintaining commercial agreements, strategic alliances and other business relationships.

We rely on commercial agreements and strategic relationships with suppliers, service providers, and wholesale partners. Disruptions in these relationships or strategic decisions by partners could negatively affect our business. For example, (i) one of our competitors is purchasing one of our wholesale partners, which could disrupt our relationship or prevent us from continuing to sell our products in favorable placements alongside the competitor’s products or at all in the wholesale partner’s stores, and (ii) one of our competitors owns a manufacturing company with which we have a manufacturing relationship, and that competitor could disrupt that relationship to harm our manufacturing efforts. We may also struggle to maintain or develop these relationships and may not be able to secure new ones on favorable terms. 

We sell products through wholesale partnerships and may seek to expand these relationships. However, these wholesale partnerships may not be profitable and could incur additional costs compared to our DTC operations. Wholesale relationships may be terminated or modified, or wholesale partners may reduce orders or fail to meet their obligations, resulting in lost sales and adversely affecting our financial performance, results of operations and financial condition. Disputes with partners or the termination or amendment of agreements could lead to expenses, delayed payments, liabilities, and distractions from our strategic objectives. If we cannot renew or replace agreements on favorable terms, it could harm our business. Wholesale partners may also compete against us in key channels, harming our business. Maintaining these relationships may require significant resources and could limit our sales channels, adversely affecting other areas of our business.  

We are expanding Purple showrooms across the U.S., which may compete with our wholesale partners for customers. This omni-channel strategy carries the risk of diminishing sales in other channels, increasing costs, and the potential loss of wholesale partners. Managing this omni-channel strategy may require significant resources, potentially impacting other areas of our business. If our financial performance falls short of expectations, we may struggle to secure favorable payment terms or obtain credit from commercial partners that have extended credit to us.

A reduction in the availability of credit to consumers or the availability of more favorable credit terms with competitors could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We offer consumer financing through third-party finance companies, with a significant portion of our sales financed in 2024. Macroeconomic factors and changes in credit lending criteria may reduce available credit, and we may face higher costs to maintain lending approvals. Additionally, federal regulations are placing more restrictions on consumer credit programs, including promotional credit offers. Some of our agreements with third-party finance companies, which offer financing to our customers, may be terminated by them with 30 days’ notice. They control financing offers and credit standards and may provide better terms to our competitors or in channels outside our focus. Reduced credit availability from economic changes, regulatory shifts, terminated agreements, or competitors offering better terms could negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition. 

Over or under supply of raw material inventory and finished products could leave us vulnerable to shortages or shrinkage that may harm our ability to satisfy consumer demand and could adversely affect our results of operations.

We have in the past accumulated and may again in the future accumulate excess raw material inventory, which is vulnerable to shrinkage, theft, obsolescence, or otherwise becoming unsellable, and excess finished product inventory. Excess inventory uses valuable warehouse space. If our efforts to manage inventory are unsuccessful, excess stock and related inefficiencies could negatively impact our results of operations. On the other hand, failing to maintain adequate inventory levels could lead to supply shortages, harming our ability to meet consumer demand and negatively affecting operations. Lead times for products and components, especially those sourced internationally, can vary. Risks from legal, economic, political, or health issues, as well as disruptions in global trade, including due to tariffs or trade wars, could impact production and result in inadequate inventory levels. Sourcing challenges, particularly from China, due to trade tensions, tariffs or other geopolitical factors, will also increase costs and disrupt supply. Any shortages or delays in meeting demand could harm customer satisfaction, results of operations and financial condition.

We rely on key suppliers, some of which are our only sources for certain products, materials, or services. While alternative suppliers may be available, disruptions or cost increases in the supply of materials could negatively affect our results of operations and financial condition. Additionally, changes in a supplier’s financial condition could delay their product delivery to us. Shipping delays from port closures, congestion, and shortages of containers or ships could disrupt manufacturing, supply of materials, and inventory management. These delays may hinder our ability to meet product demand and deliver on time, negatively impacting our business and results of operations.

If we lose members of the leadership team we may not be able to run our business effectively.

Our success depends on attracting and retaining key personnel in areas like executive leadership, marketing, sales, innovation, and operations. If members of our leadership team leave or additional expertise is needed, finding qualified replacements may be challenging due to competition and potential uncertainties from our ownership structure or stockholder activism. Delays in replacing members of the leadership team could disrupt growth and strategic plans. If we fail to offer competitive compensation and incentives, it may adversely affect our business. For example, due to our recent results of operations and stock price, our short-term incentive plans, long-terms incentive plans, and option grants may not be adequate to retain our leadership team and other participating employees. Additionally, we do not have key-person insurance for our executives.

Regulatory and Litigation Risks

Regulatory requirements may require costly expenditures and expose us to liability.

Our products, marketing, and advertising are regulated by various U.S. authorities, including the Federal Trade Commission, as well as consumer protection laws specific to the sleep product industry. These regulations may change or conflict with each other, leading to ongoing compliance costs, such as quality control and compliance processes. We are subject to federal, state, and local environmental, health, and safety regulations, including those related to environmental protection, recycling, and occupational health and safety. While we strive for compliance, past changes to our facilities have been required, and we will continue to invest in meeting these standards. If harmful substances are released or contamination is found on our properties, we may face significant liability. As a manufacturer of mattresses and related products, we handle regulated substances, which subject us to various environmental laws. For example, we are subject to the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Clean Air Act, the Clean Water Act, the Safe Drinking Water Act and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, and related state and local statutes and regulations.   

We are subject to federal laws on international shipments, customs, and import controls. Non-compliance may result in penalties or fines, adversely affecting our financial condition and results of operations. We are subject to laws covering the internet, e-commerce, electronic devices, taxation, privacy, data protection, pricing, consumer protection, employment, disabilities, and more. The application of traditional areas of the law to newly developed technologies may be unclear, and unfavorable regulations could reduce demand for our products, increase costs, or limit access to our products.  Our ongoing efforts to enhance compliance and regularly test our site, as well as legal challenges we may face, may increase our business costs. Additionally, we are subject to health and environmental regulations like California Proposition 65, which require resources for compliance, and with respect to which we have experienced and may in the future face claims, requiring resources for defense. Laws addressing climate change could impose stricter standards, raise our costs, disrupt our business and negatively impact our financial condition and results of operations. Negative public perception or climate-related litigation could harm our reputation and business.

Regulatory requirements relating to the manufacture and disposal of mattresses may increase our product costs and increase the risk of disruption to our business.

The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) and other jurisdictions have fire retardancy standards for the mattress industry, with some states and Congress considering stricter regulations. These standards require fire retardant materials, quality assurance programs, random product testing, and documentation retention, which can be costly. If testing or inspections show our products don’t meet flammability standards, we could face production halts, recalls, fines, or penalties, negatively impacting our operations and financial condition. New legislation on fire retardancy, bed bug prevention, or mattress recycling could lead to recalls or higher operating costs. Non-compliance may result in penalties, business restrictions, or negative publicity. Conflicting regulations could raise costs, change manufacturing processes, and harm product performance, negatively affecting our business.

We could be subject to additional sales tax or other indirect tax liabilities.

We are subject to sales tax or other indirect tax obligations as imposed by the various states and jurisdictions in the United States. The application of indirect taxes (such as sales and use tax, value-added tax (“VAT”), goods and services tax, business tax and gross receipt tax to applicable e-commerce businesses and to our users is a complex and evolving issue and we may be unable to timely or accurately determine our obligations with respect to such indirect taxes, if any, in various jurisdictions. Many statutes and regulations that impose these taxes were established before the adoption and growth of the internet and e-commerce. States may consider or adopt laws or administrative practices, which impose additional obligations on remote sellers and online marketplaces to collect transaction taxes such as sales, consumption, value added, or similar taxes. Failure to comply or a successful assertion by states requiring us to collect taxes where we did not, could result in substantial tax liabilities for past sales, as well as penalties and interest. If the tax authorities challenge our filings or request an audit, our tax liability may increase. We are currently undergoing routine audits in a few states.

We may be subject to laws and rules that require us to collect information from our customers, vendors, merchants, and other third parties for tax reporting purposes and report such information to government agencies. The scope of such requirements continues to expand, requiring us to develop and implement new compliance systems. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations could result in significant penalties.

Pending or unforeseen litigation and the potential for adverse publicity associated with litigation could adversely affect our business, reputation, results of operations or financial condition.

We may be involved in legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, including commercial, product liability, employment and intellectual property claims. Litigation is unpredictable, and it is possible that the outcome of future claims asserted, or adverse publicity resulting from litigation, could adversely affect our business, reputation, results of operations or financial condition.

Risks Relating to our Intellectual Property

We may not be able to adequately protect our product designs, brand and other proprietary rights, which could adversely affect our competitive position, reduce the value of our products and brands, and may result in costly litigation to protect our intellectual property rights.

We focus on strengthening and differentiating our product portfolio through innovation in design and materials. Our intellectual property, including trademarks, patents, and trade secrets, is vital to our success. We rely on intellectual property laws and contractual protections, like confidentiality and non-compete agreements, to safeguard our rights. If we cannot enforce these protections, it could negatively impact our operations. We own U.S. and foreign patents for product designs, function, formulas, materials, and technologies, along with trademarks, trade secrets, trade dress, and copyrights. Our success relies on protecting these intellectual property rights and avoiding infringement on third-party rights.

Despite our efforts, we may not fully protect our intellectual property and proprietary rights. Counterfeit goods and patent/trademark infringements are increasing, leading to higher enforcement costs, including actions with the International Trade Commission seeking general exclusion orders against foreign entities. We expect significant financial and managerial resources to be spent on protecting our intellectual property rights. Even with favorable outcomes, infringement and counterfeits could harm our business and intellectual property value. Laws may not adequately safeguard our trademarks. Licensees could also harm our proprietary rights or reputation. Inadequate protection of our intellectual property could negatively impact our results of operations. 

We may be subject to claims that we or the licensors of intellectual property rights licensed to us have infringed on proprietary rights, which could require us and our licensors to obtain a license or change designs.

As we increase our innovations, create new products and technologies, and enter new product categories, we may be limited by the intellectual property rights of others. We respect the intellectual property rights of others but our ability to innovate and increase product offerings may be limited by the intellectual property rights of other parties. We have in the past and may in the future face claims regarding alleged intellectual property infringement, though we believe our products do not infringe others’ rights. However, we cannot guarantee that such claims, including claims of invalidity and indemnification, will not arise or negatively impact our business. Defending against these claims could incur costs and divert resources. Infringement claims could also result in injunctions preventing distribution of our products or forcing us to alter our designs if licensing terms are unavailable or unreasonable.

We previously licensed certain intellectual property to EdiZONE, LLC (“EdiZONE”), for the purpose of enabling EdiZONE to meet its contractual obligations to licensees. Some of those licensees are competitors and have exclusive rights that we may be required to observe.

Before the Business Combination, we entered into an Amended and Restated Confidential Assignment and License Back Agreement with EdiZONE, controlled by our founders, pursuant to which EdiZONE transferred intellectual property to us and licensed back certain intellectual property to meet pre-existing third-party obligations. EdiZONE agreed not to modify, extend, or enter new third-party licenses, with all rights reverting to us as these licenses expire. One of EdiZONE’s prior licenses grants exclusivity to a third party of an earlier technology that could prevent us from selling a mattress made from that earlier technology in the European Union. This risk could be mitigated by redesigning our Hyper-Elastic Polymer material using existing or new technologies. However, there is no guarantee that any of our future sales in the European Union won’t be challenged by EdiZONE’s licensee, and any such redesigned mattresses may not succeed. If challenged, we are required to indemnify EdiZONE. We have the right to enforce our intellectual property against licensees who violate their agreements or infringe on our intellectual property. We must indemnify EdiZONE and cover enforcement costs. However, there is no guarantee that such enforcement efforts would succeed, which could negatively impact our business.  

Risks Relating to our Common Stock

NASDAQ may delist our securities from its exchange, which could harm our business and limit our stockholders’ liquidity.

Our Common Stock is currently listed on NASDAQ, which has listing criteria. We cannot assure that our Common Stock will continue to be listed on NASDAQ in the future. To continue listing our Common Stock on NASDAQ, we must maintain certain governance, financial, distribution and stock price levels. Generally, we must maintain a minimum amount in stockholders’ equity, a minimum number of holders of our Common Stock, and a $1.00 minimum per share bid price for our Common Stock. If we fail to maintain a $1.00 minimum per share bid price for a period of 30 consecutive business days, we have 180 calendar days to maintain our Common Stock at a $1.00 minimum per share bid price for 10 consecutive trading days. If we do not regain compliance within 180 calendar days, NASDAQ may grant a second compliance period of 180 calendar days or it may determine to delist our Common Stock, at which point we would have an opportunity to appeal the delisting determination to a hearings panel. On November 11, 2024, we received written notice from NASDAQ that we were not in compliance with Nasdaq minimum share price rule, since the closing price of our Common Stock had been below $1.00 per share for 30 consecutive business days. However, we regained such compliance on February 3, 2025. It is possible that we may again fail to comply with such minimum bid price requirement in the future if our stock price again falls below $1.00 for an extended period. Currently, our stock price has been below $1.00 since February 19, 2025.

If we are unable to comply with NASDAQ’S continued listing requirements, our Common Stock may be subject to delisting. If NASDAQ delists our Common Stock from trading on its exchange or if we decide to voluntarily delist from NASDAQ and/or deregister our Common Stock under the federal securities laws, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including but not limited to (i) a limited availability of market quotations for our Common Stock; (ii) reduced liquidity for our Common Stock; (iii) a determination that our Common Stock is a “penny stock” which will require brokers trading in our Common Stock to adhere to more stringent rules and possibly result in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our securities; (iv) a limited amount of news and analyst coverage, and in the event of deregistration of our Common Stock, less public disclosure about us; and (v) a decreased ability to issue additional securities or obtain additional financing in the future.

The market price of our Common Stock is volatile and may decline regardless of our results of operations, and Stockholders may not be able to resell shares at or above their purchase price.

The market price of our Common Stock has been highly volatile, and stockholders may not be able to resell shares at or above their purchase price. It can fluctuate significantly due to various factors, some beyond our control and unrelated to our results of operations, including but not limited to:

Anti-takeover provisions in our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, our Third Amended and Restated Bylaws as well as provisions of Delaware law, contain anti-takeover provisions, any of which could delay or discourage a merger, tender offer, or assumption of control of our Company not approved by our Board of Directors that some stockholders may consider favorable.

Provisions of Delaware law, our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, our Third Amended and Restated Bylaws and the existence of a significant stockholder who is our primary lender, could discourage a third party from attempting to acquire control of us. Stockholders may not have the opportunity to participate in these transactions. These provisions or circumstances could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for Common Stock, including the potential to realize a premium for shares pursuant to a change in control transaction. We have amended our bylaws to add requirements relating to stockholder nominations of directors, including that stockholder nominees complete a written questionnaire and make themselves available for interviews by our Board. In addition, we are subject to the provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which may prohibit certain transactions with stockholders owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock or require us to obtain stockholder approval prior to engaging in such transactions.

As reported by Coliseum in its Schedule 13D/A filed on January 23, 2024, Coliseum beneficially owns 58.5 million shares of Common Stock (which includes 46.9 million shares of Common Stock currently owned and 11.6 million shares of Common Stock that could be acquired upon exercise of its Warrants). The existence of such a large stockholder may limit the potential for third party offers to acquire the Company.

Significant payment obligations under our Tax Receivable Agreement are accelerated upon a change of control and may discourage the potential acquisition of our Company and adversely affect any potential control premium payable for shares of our Common Stock.

Prior to us being a public company, we entered into the Tax Receivable Agreement with our founders (the “Tax Receivable Agreement”), which provides for our payment to our former founders of 80% of certain tax benefits that we realize as a result of certain increases in our asset tax basis and of certain other tax benefits. If we experience a change of control (as defined under the Tax Receivable Agreement), we could be required to make an immediate lump-sum payment to our former founders under the terms of the Tax Receivable Agreement (as defined herein). We currently estimate the liability associated with this lump-sum payment as of December 31, 2024, to be approximately $131.1 million on a discounted basis. The acceleration of such a material lump-sum payment obligation under our Tax Receivable Agreement could materially adversely affect a third party’s acquisition, discourage a third party from attempting to acquire control, or materially adversely affect the price payable for our Common Stock pursuant to such a transaction. As a result, stockholders may not have the opportunity to participate in or realize a potential control premium for shares pursuant to such a change of control transaction. These obligations could also limit the price that investors might be willing to pay in the future for our Common Stock.

Our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation could make it very difficult for an investor to bring any legal actions against us, our directors, or our officers and may limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum.

Our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, employees or agents. It also provides that, unless we consent to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware shall be the sole and exclusive forum for any (i) derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; (ii) any action asserting a claim for or based on a breach of duty or obligation owed by any current or former director, officer or employee of ours to us or to our stockholders, including any claim alleging the aiding and abetting of such a breach; (iii) any action asserting certain claims against us or any current or former director, officer or employee; or (iv) any action asserting a claim related to or involving us that is governed by the internal affairs doctrine. This exclusive forum provision would not apply to certain suits brought to enforce certain liability or duty or any other claim for which the federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction. Furthermore, the Securities Act creates concurrent jurisdiction for federal and state courts over all suits brought to enforce any duty or liability created by the Securities Act or the rules and regulations thereunder. This choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that the stockholder finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers or employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our Certificate of Incorporation to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations.

Future sales of our Common Stock in the public market may depress our share price. 

Sales or the perception of future sales of a substantial number of shares of our Common Stock could depress the market price of our Common Stock and impair our ability to raise capital through the sale of additional equity or other convertible securities, regardless of any relationship between such sales and the performance of our business. 

In connection with the issuance of Warrants pursuant to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and the 2025 Amendment, the Company entered into a Second Amended and Restated Registration Rights Agreement (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) with CCP, Blackwell, Coliseum Capital Co-Invest III, L.P. (“C-3”), Harvest Master, Harvest Partners, and HSCP (the “Holders”), providing for the registration of the Warrants, the shares of Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of the Warrants, and the Class A Common Stock held by the Holders as of such date (the “Registrable Securities”). The market price of our Common Stock could decline as a result of sales by a few large stockholders, such as Coliseum or the Holders, or the perception that these sales could occur, including as a result of the registration statement. These sales might also make it more difficult for us to sell equity securities at a time and price that we deem appropriate. 

Our stockholders may experience substantial dilution in the value of their investment or may otherwise have their interests impaired if we issue additional debt or equity securities or securities convertible into equity securities, as well as due to the exercise of the currently outstanding Warrants. 

We may attempt to increase our capital by entering additional secured or unsecured debt or debt-like financing, or by issuing additional debt or equity securities, including issuances of secured or unsecured notes, preferred stock, hybrid securities or convertible securities. Our Second Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation allows us to issue up to 300 million shares of our common stock, including 210 million shares of Class A common stock and 90 million shares of Class B common stock, and up to five million shares of undesignated preferred stock.

We have previously sold and may in the future sell additional shares of our Common Stock or convertible securities at prices that are lower than the prices paid by existing stockholders, and investors purchasing shares or other securities could have rights superior to existing stockholders, which could result in substantial dilution of existing stockholders. For example, in February 2023 we issued 13.4 million shares of Common Stock pursuant to a public offering, on January 23, 2024, we issued to the Lenders under the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement the 2024 Warrants to purchase 20.0 million shares of our Common Stock at a price of $1.50 per share, subject to adjustments, and on March 12, 2025, we issued to the Lenders under the 2025 Amendment the 2025 Warrants to purchase 6.2 million shares of our Common Stock at a price of $1.50 per share, subject to adjustments. The exercise of the Warrants will dilute the value of Class A common stock and stockholder voting power. In addition, the Warrants include full-ratchet anti-dilution protections, subject to certain conditions, which could result in the Warrants becoming exercisable for a significantly greater number of shares if we engage in a dilutive financing.

In the event of our liquidation, holders of our debt would receive distributions of our assets before distributions to holders of our Common Stock, including substantial make-whole payments, and holders of securities senior to the Common Stock would receive distributions of our assets before distributions to the holders of our Common Stock. Because future debt and equity offerings may be influenced by market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings or debt financings. Market conditions could impose less favorable terms for the issuance of our securities in the future.

Our only significant asset is our ownership of Purple LLC and such ownership may not be sufficient to enable us to satisfy our financial obligations.

We are a holding company and do not directly own any operating assets other than our ownership of interests in Purple LLC. We depend on Purple LLC for distributions, loans and other payments to generate the funds necessary to meet our financial obligations, including our expenses as a publicly traded company. The earnings from, or other available assets of, Purple LLC may not be sufficient to allow us to pay our financial obligations.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to report our financial results accurately, may make a material misstatement in our financial statements, may experience a financial loss or may face litigation. Any inability to report and file our financial results accurately and timely could adversely affect the value of our Common Stock.

We are required to maintain internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure, as mandated by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and SEC rules. However, even with these controls, management cannot guarantee that they will prevent all errors or fraud. All control systems have inherent limitations, such as human error, circumvention, or collusion, and cannot provide absolute assurance of detection or prevention. Controls may also become inadequate over time due to changes, new fraudulent schemes, or deteriorating compliance, increasing the risk of undetected misstatements. The accuracy of our financial reporting relies on effective internal controls, which can only provide reasonable assurance and may not detect all misstatements. Any failure in internal controls or disclosure procedures could undermine the accuracy and timeliness of our disclosures, potentially eroding investor confidence, requiring significant resources to fix, and exposing us to legal or regulatory actions. For example, we identified a material weakness in our warranty reserve accounting during the preparation of our September 30, 2023, financial statements. However, as of June 30, 2024, we concluded that the material weakness has been remediated and that our internal controls over financial reporting are effective.

We continue to evaluate, design and implement controls and procedures designed to avoid material weaknesses. If our efforts are insufficient or if new weaknesses arise, our financial statements may be misstated, potentially requiring restatements, incurring additional accounting, legal costs, and exposing us to shareholder litigation. We cannot guarantee against future material weaknesses in our internal control. Failure to maintain effective internal control could impact the accuracy and timeliness of our financial reporting, potentially leading to sanctions from NASDAQ, the SEC, or other regulators. Failure to timely file will cause us to be ineligible to utilize short form registration statements on Form S-3, which may also impair our ability to raise capital, execute business strategies, or issue shares for acquisitions. Additionally, it could erode investor confidence and negatively affect our stock price.  

Tax Risks Relating to our Structure

Obligations under the Tax Receivable Agreement could materially adversely affect our future cash flow if we become profitable and begin paying income taxes. Payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement may be accelerated or significantly exceed the actual benefits we realize.

Our Tax Receivable Agreement with our founders requires us to pay 80% of certain tax benefits realized from increases in asset tax basis and other tax benefits. As of December 31, 2024, our preliminary estimate of liability under the agreement was $169.0 million. This liability may increase if we realize future tax benefits, face changes in tax rates, or if payments are accelerated. However, since we have not been profitable recently, we determined as of December 31, 2024, that the likelihood of incurring a liability was not probable and no liability was recorded. If we become profitable and realize tax savings covered by the Tax Receivable Agreement, we will incur payment obligations, which could negatively impact our cash flow.

The lump sum payment of $131.1 million required upon early termination of the Tax Receivable Agreement in the event of a change in control could negatively impact liquidity, delay or prevent business transactions, and reduce the value of our Common Stock. If our cash resources are insufficient, we may need to incur additional debt to meet these obligations, which could materially harm our financial condition. Even without early termination, a change of control, or late payments, our liquidity could be adversely affected if payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement exceed the tax savings we realize, or if distributions from Purple LLC are insufficient to cover payments after taxes and expenses.

Our ability to utilize our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited. Future use and amount of our Current NOLs and other tax benefits is uncertain.

Under Section 382 and related provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change”, the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryforwards (“NOLs”) and other pre-change tax attributes to offset its post-change income may be limited. Generally, an ownership change is defined as a change in its equity ownership by certain stockholders over a three-year period of greater than 50 percentage points (by value). If finalized, Treasury Regulations currently proposed under Section 382 of the Code may further limit our ability to utilize our pre-change NOLs or other tax attributes if we undergo a future ownership change. Thus, our ability to utilize carryforwards of our net operating losses, including net operating losses acquired from the Intellibed acquisition, and other tax attributes to reduce future tax liabilities may be substantially restricted. As of December 31, 2024, we completed a study to assess whether an ownership change has occurred, as defined by IRC Section 382, or whether there have been ownership changes since the Company’s formation. The results of this study indicate that we experienced one ownership change on December 31, 2021. We may also experience ownership changes in the future as a result of subsequent shifts in our stock ownership. As a result, if we generate taxable income, our ability to use our pre-change NOL and tax credits carryforwards to reduce U.S. federal and state taxable income may be subject to further limitations, which could result in increased future tax liabilities to us. Moreover, our federal NOLs from years prior to 2018 can be carried forward for a maximum of 20 years from the year in which the NOL was incurred, and our state NOLs are subject to carryforward limitations that vary from state to state; as a result, all or a portion of those carryforwards could expire before being available to reduce future income tax liabilities.

On June 27, 2024, our Board approved the NOL Rights Plan to protect stockholder value by attempting to safeguard our ability to use Current NOLs of approximately $310.7 million to reduce potential future federal income tax obligations from becoming substantially limited by future ownership of our Common Stock. At the Special Meeting, stockholders ratified the NOL Rights Plan. Under the NOL Rights Plan, the Board authorized and declared a dividend of one Right for each outstanding share of Common Stock to stockholders of record at the close of business on July 26, 2024. Upon a stockholder acquiring greater than a 4.9% ownership percentage threshold (or, if a stockholder has beneficial ownership of in excess of 4.9%, then the ownership percentage that is one-half of one percentage point greater than their current beneficial ownership percentage), the Rights will become exercisable to significantly dilute any stockholder who violates the ownership limitations of the NOL Rights Plan. In connection with the NOL Rights Plan, the Board adopted, and our stockholders approved at the Special Meeting, the NOL Protective Charter Amendment that adds an additional layer of protection to our Current NOLs until June 30, 2025 by voiding any transfer of Common Stock that results in a stockholder acquiring beyond a 4.9% ownership percentage threshold (or, if a stockholder has current beneficial ownership of in excess of 4.9%, then the ownership percentage that is one-half of one percentage point greater than their current beneficial ownership percentage).

Use of our Current NOLs and other tax benefits depends on our ability to generate taxable income in the future. We cannot ensure whether we will have future taxable income or, if we do, whether such income or our Current NOLs or other tax benefits at such time will exceed any potential limitation under Code Section 382. 

The IRS may challenge our Current NOLs and other tax benefits. 

As of December 31, 2024, the amount of our Current NOLs has not been audited or validated by the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”). The IRS could challenge the amount of our Current NOLs, which could result in an increase in our future liability for income taxes. In addition, determining whether an ownership change under Code Section 382 has occurred is subject to uncertainty because of the complexity and ambiguity of the provisions of Code Section 382 and because of limits on timely knowledge that any publicly traded company can have about the ownership of and transactions in its securities. We cannot ensure that the IRS or another taxing authority will not claim in the future that we experienced an ownership change under Code Section 382 and attempt to reduce the benefit of our Current NOLs and other tax benefits available, even if the NOL Protective Charter Amendment is in place. 

There is continued risk of ownership change under Code Section 382. 

Although the NOL Protective Charter Amendment and NOL Rights Plan intend to reduce the likelihood of an ownership change under Code Section 382, we cannot ensure that the NOL Protective Charter Amendment and the NOL Rights Plan will be effective. The amount by which a future ownership interest under Code Section 382 may change could, for example, be affected by purchases of our Common Stock by stockholders who are 5% stockholders (as defined under Code Section 382) or by purchases of stock or other interests in corporations, partnerships or other legal entities that own 4.9% or more of our Common Stock, over which we have no control. Further, while the NOL Protective Charter Amendment and the NOL Rights Plan allow for the exercise of currently outstanding conversion rights, exchange rights, warrants or options or otherwise, such exercises may result in an ownership change under Code Section 382. It may also be in our best interests, considering all relevant facts and circumstances at the time, to permit the acquisition of our Common Stock in excess of the specified limitations or to issue new or redeem existing equity in the future, all of which may increase the likelihood of an ownership change under Code Section 382. 

The Current NOL protections under the NOL Protective Charter Amendment and NOL Rights Plan will expire by their terms on June 30, 2025.

The NOL Protective Charter Amendment and the NOL Rights Plan may potentially adversely affect the market for, and negatively impact the value of, our Common Stock. 

The NOL Protective Charter Amendment and the NOL Rights Plan intend to prohibit or deter a stockholder’s ability to acquire, directly, indirectly or constructively, additional shares of our Common Stock in excess of specific limitations. A stockholder’s ability to dispose of our Common Stock may be limited by reducing potential acquirers for such shares. A stockholder’s ownership of our Common Stock may become subject to the restrictions of the NOL Protective Charter Amendment, or may trigger applicable thresholds under the NOL Rights Plan, upon actions taken by Persons (as such term is defined in the NOL Protective Charter Amendment or the NOL Rights Plan, as applicable) related to, or affiliated with, such stockholder. 

Because the NOL Protective Charter Amendment and the NOL Rights Plan were approved by our stockholders at the Special Meeting, we have included a legend reflecting the transfer restrictions included in the NOL Protective Charter Amendment and the Rights issued pursuant to the NOL Rights Plan on certificates representing newly issued or transferred shares of our Common Stock and disclosed such Rights and restrictions to Persons holding our Common Stock in uncertificated form, and to the public generally. Because certain buyers, including Persons who wish to acquire more than 4.9% of our Common Stock and certain institutional holders who may not be comfortable holding our Common Stock with restrictive legends, may choose not to purchase our Common Stock, the NOL Protective Charter Amendment and the NOL Rights Plan could have an adverse effect on the marketability and trading value of our Common Stock in an amount that could more than offset any value preserved from protecting our Current NOLs. The NOL Protective Charter Amendment and NOL Rights Plan could also have a negative impact on the trading value of our Common Stock by deterring Persons or groups of Persons from acquiring our Common Stock, including in acquisitions that might result in some or all our stockholders receiving a premium above market value. 

The NOL Protective Charter Amendment and the NOL Rights Plan may have an anti-takeover effect. 

While the NOL Protective Charter Amendment is not intended to prevent, or even discourage, a proposal to acquire the Company, the NOL Protective Charter Amendment may have a potential anti-takeover effect because, among other things, it will restrict the ability of a Person, entity or group to accumulate more than 4.9% of our Common Stock and the ability of Persons, entities or groups now owning more than 4.9% of our Common Stock to acquire any significant amount of additional shares of our Common Stock, in each case, without the approval of our Board. Similarly, while the NOL Rights Plan is not intended to prevent, or even discourage, a proposal to acquire the Company the NOL Rights Plan may have a potential anti-takeover effect because, among other things, an Acquiring Person (as such term is defined in the NOL Rights Plan) may have its ownership interest diluted upon the occurrence of a triggering event. The overall effects of the NOL Protective Charter Amendment and NOL Rights Plan may be to render more difficult or discourage a merger, tender offer, proxy contest or assumption of control by a substantial holder of our Common Stock and have an adverse effect on the marketability and the trading value of our Common Stock. However, the NOL Protective Charter Amendment and NOL Rights Plan should not interfere with any merger or other business combination approved by the Board.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 1C. Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, and Governance

Management’s Role

Our management team is responsible for monitoring, preventing, detecting, mitigating and remediating cybersecurity incidents. Our chief technology officer has over 41 years of experience and has held various leadership roles in information technology, including serving as a chief information officer and chief technology officer for the last 13 years. He has successfully implemented and managed large enterprise resource planning systems, e-commerce websites, stores and enterprise infrastructure, both cloud-based and on-premise. His expertise extends to evaluating and hiring cybersecurity personnel and outsourced managed services, defining incident response plans, conducting tabletop exercises, and establishing communication protocols with internal executives, board members, and vendors. He has firsthand experience in responding to actual cybersecurity incidents, showcasing a deep understanding of the challenges and complexities within the cybersecurity landscape in the retail sector. Our senior director of cybersecurity and compliance has a 16-year track record as an information technology and information security professional, complemented by an Executive MBA. His career is distinguished by a decade of leadership as the commander of the United States Army cyber protection team (174 CPT), where he gained cybersecurity experience at USCYBERCOM and ARCYBER. He holds multiple professional certifications, including CISSP, PMP and multiple SANS certifications. Our chief technology officer and senior director of cybersecurity and compliance report to the Audit Committee on these matters.

We maintain a cybersecurity risk management program designed to identify, assess, manage, mitigate, and respond to cybersecurity threats. Our cybersecurity risk management processes are being integrated into our overall risk management processes. We are making efforts to incorporate cybersecurity considerations as a part of our business processes. We engage with external cybersecurity experts, including assessors, consultants, and auditors, to enhance our cybersecurity measures and ensure compliance with industry best practices. For example, a comprehensive cyber risk assessment, both physical and logical, was conducted by a third party, serving as an external penetration test to validate our security posture. We have established processes to oversee and manage cybersecurity risks associated with our use of third-party service providers, ensuring they adhere to our security standards. We review third-party service provider contracts to ensure they contain data privacy and security provisions, aligning with our standards and regulatory requirements. Additionally, we have established a Technology Review Committee (“TRC”) tasked with the role of evaluating new software tools and technologies before their implementation. The TRC consists of experts from various domains within our organization, including information technology security, compliance, legal, and operations. This TRC conducts assessments to ensure that any new software tools meet our standards for security, compliance and operational efficiency.

Board of Directors Oversight

The oversight of our cybersecurity is assigned to the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors. The Audit Committee receives regular reports and briefings from management on our cybersecurity threat risk management and strategy processes, including on topics such as our data security posture, results from third-party assessments, progress towards pre-determined risk-mitigation-related goals, incident response plans, and cybersecurity threat risks or incidents and developments, as well as the steps management has taken to respond to these risks. In addition, management updates the Audit Committee as necessary regarding any material cybersecurity incidents as well as any incidents with lesser impact potential. The Audit Committee received one report from our Senior Director of Cybersecurity and Compliance in 2024.

Item 2. Properties

We lease a manufacturing facility in McDonough, Georgia with approximately 844,000 square feet. In August 2024, we initiated our Restructuring Plan to strategically realign our operational focus to achieve operations efficiencies that are expected to improve profitability and provide for reinvesting in technology and marketing initiatives. The Restructuring Plan is comprised of the permanent closure of two Utah manufacturing facilities to consolidate mattress production in our Georgia plant. The closure of the manufacturing facilities in Grantsville, Utah with 574,000 square feet and Salt Lake City, Utah with 67,000 square feet is planned to be completed in the second quarter 2025. Our facility in Salt Lake City was acquired in the Intellibed acquisition in August 2022. In January 2025, we leased an approximately 198,000 square foot distribution and fulfillment facility in West Valley City, Utah, that will be opened in April 2025. We also lease a building with approximately 61,000 square feet in Draper, Utah that serves as our innovation center. In addition, we lease approximately 30,000 square-feet of office space in Lehi, Utah for our corporate headquarters. As of December 31, 2024, we had 58 Purple showrooms under lease with 12 located in California, six in Texas, four in Utah and 36 located in 23 other states throughout the United States.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

Information regarding legal proceedings can be found in Note 13, “Commitments and Contingencies” and Note 23, “Subsequent Events – Class Action Lawsuit” of the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements, included in Part II, Item 8 of this Report, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data,” and is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters, and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our Common Stock is listed on NASDAQ under the symbol “PRPL”. As of March 7, 2025, there were approximately 83 holders of record of shares of our Common Stock and 7 holders of record of shares of our Class B Stock. Our Class B Stock is not listed or quoted on any exchange and is not transferrable by the holders, subject to certain limited exceptions, including the exchange of Class B Stock for shares of Common Stock. The number of holders of record of our Common Stock does not include stockholders for which shares are held in “nominee” or “street” name.

We have not paid any cash dividends on our Common Stock to date. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be dependent upon our revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements, general financial condition, our compliance with restrictive covenants in the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and other future indebtedness that we may incur, opportunities to invest in future growth initiatives, and the discretion of our Board of Directors at such time. Our Board of Directors is not currently contemplating and does not anticipate declaring any cash dividends on our Common Stock in the foreseeable future.

Comparative Stock Performance

The following graph illustrates the cumulative total return over the last five years from December 31, 2019 through December 31, 2024, for (i) our Common Stock, (ii) the Standard and Poor’s (S&P) 500 Home Furnishings Index, and (iii) the NASDAQ Stock Market (U.S.) Index. The graph assumes $100 was invested on December 31, 2019 in each of our Common Stock, the S&P 500 Home Furnishings Index, and the NASDAQ Stock Market (U.S.) Index, and that any dividends were reinvested. The comparisons reflected in the graph are not intended to forecast the future performance of our Common Stock and may not be indicative of our future performance. The graph and related information shall not be deemed to be “soliciting material” or to be “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing with the SEC, except to the extent that the Company specifically incorporates it by reference into such filing.

Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

On January 23, 2024, in connection with the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, we issued Warrants to purchase 20.0 million shares of our Class A common stock to the Lenders. On March 12, 2025, in connection with the 2025 Amendment, we issued Warrants to purchase 6.2 million shares of our Class A common stock to the Lenders. The Warrants will expire on the 10-year anniversary of their issuance, or earlier upon redemption. The Holders do not have the rights or privileges of holders of Class A common stock or any voting rights until they exercise their Warrants. After the issuance of shares of Class A common stock upon exercise of the Warrants, each Holder will be entitled to one vote for each share of Class A common stock held on all matters to be voted on by stockholders generally. A Holder of Warrants will not have the right to exercise its Warrants, to the extent that after giving effect to such exercise, the Holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 49.9% of the shares of Class A common stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise

We believe that such issuances were exempt from registration pursuant to Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act as privately negotiated, isolated, non-recurring transactions not involving any public solicitation.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

Item 6. [Reserved] 

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Forward-Looking Statements

This Annual Report on Form 10-K, including Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and our future results that are subject to the safe harbors created under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act. All statements other than statements of historical facts are statements that could be deemed forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts, and projections about the industries in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. Words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “targets,” “goals,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “momentum,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “continues,” “endeavors,” “strives,” “may,” variations of such words, and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. In addition, any statements that refer to projections of our future financial performance, our anticipated growth and trends in our businesses (including the discussion under the heading “Outlook for Growth”), and other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. Readers are cautioned that these forward-looking statements are only predictions and are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict, including those under “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors,” and elsewhere herein. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those expressed in any forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements for any reason.

The following discussion is intended to provide a more comprehensive review of our results of operations and financial condition than can be obtained from reading our consolidated financial statements alone. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in “Part II Item 8. Financial Statements.”

Overview of Our Business

Our mission is to help people feel and live better through innovative comfort solutions.

We are an omni-channel company that began as a digitally-native vertical brand founded on comfort product innovation with premium offerings. We design and manufacture a variety of innovative, branded and premium comfort products, including mattresses, pillows, cushions, frames, sheets, duvets, duvet covers and other products. Our products are the result of over 30 years of innovation and investment in proprietary and patented comfort technologies and the development of our own manufacturing processes. Our proprietary Hyper-Elastic Polymer gel technology underpins many of our comfort products and provides a range of benefits that differentiate our offerings from other competitors’ products. We market and sell our products via our DTC channel, which includes Purple.com (our direct-to-consumer e-commerce), Purple showrooms, our customer contact center and online marketplaces, and our wholesale channel through retail brick-and-mortar and online wholesale partners.

Organization

Our business consists of Purple Inc. and its consolidated subsidiary, Purple LLC. Purple Inc. was incorporated in Delaware on May 19, 2015 as a special purpose acquisition company under the name of GPAC. On February 2, 2018, we consummated a transaction structured similar to a reverse recapitalization (the “Business Combination”) pursuant to which Purple Inc. acquired an equity interest in Purple LLC as holder of all Class A units and became its sole managing member. As the sole managing member of Purple LLC, Purple Inc., through its officers and directors, is responsible for all operational and administrative decision making and control of the day-to-day business affairs of Purple LLC without the approval of any other member. At December 31, 2024, Purple Inc. had a 99.8% economic interest in Purple LLC while other Class B unit holders had the remaining 0.2%.

On August 31, 2022, we acquired all the issued and outstanding stock of Intellibed to consolidate ownership of our licensed intellectual property while enhancing our innovation and manufacturing capabilities and financial profile. For further discussion see Note 4 — Acquisition.

Recent Developments in Our Business

Operational Developments

During 2024, we have been realizing efficiencies with our media investments by targeting specific segments most likely to purchase Purple and by focusing more effort on those consumers currently in the market for a sleep product. We are concentrating efforts on driving gross margin improvement through various methods such as selective pricing actions, continued mix shift towards our Restore and Rejuvenate collections, and by driving cost savings through supply chain initiatives and manufacturing efficiency. We have also delivered direct material cost savings from our supplier diversification efforts, improved scrap and yield results from continuous improvements, and our outbound freight costs reflect cost improvements along with improved delivery reliability. Moreover, we believe consolidation of our manufacturing footprint pursuant to our Restructuring Plan is an important step to advance our grid innovation and build momentum to achieve positive operating cash flow and market share growth over the long- term. The fourth quarter 2024 was significant for us as we achieved profitability and positive cash flow. This was the direct result of our disciplined execution, operational improvements and cost saving initiatives throughout the year. Other key highlights during the fourth quarter of 2024 included significant improvements in Purple showroom profitability and the successful launch of our product in Costco retail locations.

In 2025, we announced the re-launching of our Rejuvenate line in the second quarter 2025 through our DTC channels, followed by a full wholesale channel roll-out expected to be complete by the third quarter 2025. The new Rejuvenate 2.0 will have a newly innovated grid technology that when stacked with our original Gelflex grid, creates a unique combination that continues to differentiate us in the market while driving superior comfort and support for an even more premium sleep experience.

Restructuring Activities

In August 2024, we initiated the Restructuring Plan to strategically realign our operational focus to achieve efficiencies in our operations that are expected to improve profitability and provide for reinvesting in technology and marketing initiatives. The Restructuring Plan includes the permanent closure of both Utah manufacturing facilities to consolidate mattress production in our Georgia plant, and a headcount reduction at our Utah headquarters to drive additional operating efficiencies. Closure of the two Utah manufacturing facilities is projected to be completed in the second quarter of 2025 while consolidation into the Georgia facility was finalized in December 2024. The reduction in workforce at our Utah headquarters was completed in August 2024. During 2024, we recognized $36.4 million in costs relating to the Restructuring Plan., which included $4.3 million of employee-related costs, $11.3 million of accelerated depreciation, $9.3 million related to write-downs of inventory and long-lived assets to be disposed of or equipment in progress that will not be put in service, $11.0 million of impairment charges associated with entering into a sublease for one of the Utah manufacturing facilities to be closed and impairment of an intangible asset, and $0.5 million of other related costs. We expect to record additional restructuring and other related charges in the amount of $4.6 million through the second quarter of 2025. These charges include certain estimates that are provisional and include management judgments and assumptions that could change materially as we complete the execution of our plans. Actual results may differ from these estimates, and the completion of our plan could result in additional restructuring, impairment or other related charges not reflected.

In addition, we plan to implement additional cost savings measures in 2025 beyond those implemented pursuant to our 2024 Restructuring Plan.

Debt Financings

On January 23, 2024, Purple LLC, Purple Inc. and Intellibed (collectively, the “Loan Parties”) entered into the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, which amended and restated the then existing term loan agreement (“Term Loan Agreement”), with CCP and other lenders (collectively, the “Lenders”) and Delaware Trust Company, as administrative agent. The Lenders agreed to assume our obligations under the Term Loan Agreement and agreed to refinance our existing obligations. Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, we borrowed $61.0 million from the Lenders (the “Related Party Loan”) that was used to repay the $25.0 million of term loans outstanding, the $5.0 million of revolving debt outstanding, loan fees, premiums and expenses incurred in connection with this transaction and provided net proceeds to us (after payments of outstanding debt, unpaid accrued interest, and expenses) of approximately $27.0 million. Interest on the new loan is payable each month and the principal outstanding matures and is due on December 31, 2026. To reduce cash obligations, we have elected for interest to be capitalized and added to the principal amount of the loan. The loan bears interest at a rate equal to (i) the secured overnight financing rate plus 0.10%, with a floor of 3.5% per annum, plus (ii) 8.25% per annum (or, because Purple LLC has elected to pay interest in kind to reduce its cash obligations, 10.25% per annum). Any prepayments of principal on or after August 7, 2024 but before August 7, 2025 are subject to a prepayment penalty of 1.25%, and any prepayments of principal on or after August 7, 2025 are subject to a prepayment penalty of 2.50%. We may request an additional term loan from the Lenders in an aggregate amount not to exceed $19.0 million on terms requested by us to the extent agreed to by the Lenders at their discretion. The Amended and Restated Credit Agreement also removed restrictions and requirements typically associated with an asset-based loan. In connection with our execution of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, all obligations under the previously outstanding term loans and revolving credit facility were paid in full and the respective related agreements (collectively, the “2023 Credit Agreement”) were terminated.

On March 12, 2025, we entered into the 2025 Amendment, pursuant to which the 2025 Term Loan Lenders (as defined in the 2025 Amendment) agreed to provide us with an incremental term loan of $19.0 million. The 2025 Amendment also amended the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement to (i) provide for an additional term loan from the 2025 Term Loan Lenders in an aggregate amount not to exceed $20.0 million, subject to the approval of the Required Lenders in their discretion, (ii) provide for the payment of substantial make-whole payments in the event we prepay the loans prior to their maturity, and (iii) provide that the incremental term loan will be senior in right of repayment to the initial term loan.

Warrants

In connection with the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, we issued to the Lenders the 2024 Warrants to purchase 20.0 million shares of our Class A Stock. Each 2024 Warrant entitles the registered holder to purchase one share of our Class A Stock at a price of $1.50 per share, subject to adjustment. The 2024 Warrants will expire on the 10-year anniversary of issuance, or earlier upon redemption. A holder of the 2024 Warrants will not have the right to exercise them, to the extent that after giving effect to such exercise, the holder (together with its affiliates) would beneficially own in excess of 49.9% of the shares of Class A Stock outstanding immediately after giving effect to such exercise. The 2024 Warrants contain certain provisions that do not meet the criteria for equity classification and therefore were recorded as liabilities. The liability for the 2024 Warrants was recorded at a fair value of $19.6 million on the date of issuance with the offset included in debt issuance costs. This liability is subsequently re-measured to fair value at each reporting date or exercise date with changes in the fair value included in earnings. During 2024, we recognized a gain of $3.5 million in our consolidated statement of operations for a decrease in the fair value of the 2024 Warrants outstanding at December 31, 2024.

In connection with the 2025 Amendment, we issued to the Lenders the 2025 Warrants to purchase 6.2 million shares of our Class A Stock . The 2025 Warrants have the same terms as the 2024 Warrants, except that they expire on March 12, 2035 and certain adjustments to the exercise price are subject to a floor of $0.6979.

Registration Rights Agreements

In connection with the issuance of the Warrants, we entered into the Registration Rights Agreement with holders of the Warrants (the “Holders”), providing for the registration of Registrable Securities, subject to customary terms and conditions. We are responsible for the payment of the Holders’ expenses in connection with any offering or sale of Registrable Securities by the Holders, including underwriting discounts or selling commissions, placement agent or broker fees or similar discounts, commissions or fees relating to the sale of certain Registrable Securities.

NOL Rights Plan

On June 27, 2024, our Board of Directors (“Board”) adopted and we entered into a limited-duration stockholder rights agreement (the “NOL Rights Plan”) with a stated expiration date of June 30, 2025. Our Board approved the NOL Rights Plan to protect stockholder value by attempting to safeguard our ability to use our June 30, 2024 estimated $238 million of net operating losses (the “Current NOLs”) to reduce potential future federal income tax obligations from becoming substantially limited by future ownership of our common stock. Upon adopting the NOL Rights Plan, 0.3 million shares of our authorized shares of preferred stock were designated as Series C Preferred Shares. Pursuant to the NOL Rights Plan, our Board authorized and declared a dividend of one right for each outstanding share of common stock to stockholders of record at the close of business on July 26, 2024. Upon a stockholder acquiring greater than a 4.9% ownership percentage threshold (or, if a stockholder has beneficial ownership of in excess of 4.9%, then the ownership percentage that is one-half of one percentage point greater than their current beneficial ownership percentage), the rights will become exercisable to significantly dilute any stockholder who violates the ownership limitations of the NOL Rights Plan. The NOL Rights Plan was ratified at a special meeting of our stockholders on October 15, 2024 (the “Special Meeting”). The NOL Rights Plan will automatically expire by its terms on June 30, 2025.

NOL Protective Charter Amendment

In connection with the NOL Rights Plan, our Board adopted a NOL Protective Charter Amendment that adds an additional layer of protection to our Current NOLs until June 30, 2025 by voiding any transfer of common stock that results in a stockholder acquiring beyond a 4.9% ownership percentage threshold (or, if a stockholder has current beneficial ownership of in excess of 4.9%, then the ownership percentage that is one-half of one percentage point greater than their current beneficial ownership percentage). The NOL Protective Charter Amendment was approved by our stockholders at the Special Meeting. The NOL Protective Charter Amendment will automatically expire by its terms on June 30, 2025.

Review of Strategic Alternatives

We regularly engage in dialogue with market participants regarding potential business combinations, partnerships and other strategic alternatives. Based on certain recent preliminary inquiries, the Board has formed a special committee of independent directors and we have engaged a financial advisor to support them in evaluating any indications of interest and exploring other potential strategic alternatives. If we are unsuccessful in engaging in a favorable strategic alternative, then our ability to grow our business and compete with larger, including combined, competitors may be adversely affected.

Executive Summary – Results of Operations

Net revenues decreased $22.7 million, or 4.4%, to $487.9 million in 2024 compared to $510.5 million in 2023. This decrease was primarily driven by industry-wide demand softness for home-related products coupled with a reduction in advertising spend to focus on more profitable marketing. From a sales channel perspective in 2024, e-commerce net revenues decreased $17.3 million, or 7.7%, Purple showroom net revenues increased $4.3 million, or 5.8% and wholesale net revenues decreased $9.6 million, or 4.5%, as compared to 2023. The growth in Purple showroom net revenues was primarily due to an increase in average selling prices related to both strategic price adjustments and a sizeable shift in product mix to our higher priced Rejuvenate Products. Net revenues also benefited in 2024 from a full year’s impact of five new Purple showrooms that opened in 2023. In addition to demand softness, our wholesale channel net revenues were negatively impacted in 2024 by intentionally exiting our relationship with certain customers.

Gross profit increased $9.3 million, or 5.4%, to $181.1 million in 2024 compared to $171.8 million in 2023 and our gross profit percentage improved to 37.1% in 2024 from 33.7% in 2023. These increases reflected improved production effectiveness in 2024 coupled with the negative impact in 2023 of non-recurring costs associated with the transition to our new product lineup. The improved production effectiveness in 2024 was largely attributable to supply chain initiatives and operational efficiency improvements implemented over the last 12 months. Gross profit and the related percentage were both negatively impacted by $15.4 million of charges recorded pursuant to the Restructuring Plan. Although $1.6 million of additional restructuring related charges are projected to be recorded in cost of revenues through the second quarter of 2025, we expect the Restructuring Plan will further streamline our manufacturing operations and provide increased gross profits going forward.

Operating expenses decreased $12.2 million, or 4.3% to $273.3 million in 2024 compared to $285.5 million in 2023. This decrease was driven by an $11.1 million decrease in marketing and sales costs due primarily to a decline in advertising spend, a $15.3 million decrease in general and administrative expense due largely to non-recurring legal and professional costs incurred by the Board’s special committee in 2023 and a $6.9 loss on impairment of goodwill recorded in 2023. This decrease was offset in part by $20.0 million in charges related to the Restructuring Plan.

Other expense, net was $5.9 million in 2024 compared to $7.5 million in 2023. Other expense, net in 2024 included interest expense of $17.5 million associated primarily with the Related Party Loan, offset in part by other income of $11.5 million related to two payments received in full settlement of a previously filed business interruption claim.

Net loss attributable to Purple Inc. was $97.9 million in 2024 compared to a net loss of $120.8 million in 2023. The $22.9 million decrease in net loss was primarily due to a $9.3 million increase in gross profit and a $12.2 million decrease in operating expenses. Excluding the impact of the $35.4 million in restructuring, impairment and other related charges recorded in 2024, gross profit would have increased $24.7 million and operating expenses would have decreased $32.2 million.

Outlook for Growth

We believe, given the Restructuring Plan and our new grid innovation, that we are well positioned to grow our business in this challenging market. We are focused on the following three key initiatives to drive sustainable and profitable market share:

There is no guarantee that we will be able to effectively execute on these initiatives, which are subject to risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict, including the risks described under “Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors” and elsewhere herein. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those described above. In addition, we may, in the future, adapt these focuses in response to changes in the market or our business.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

In connection with the preparation of our consolidated financial statements in conformity with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), we are required to make estimates and assumptions about future events and apply judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, sales, expenses and the related disclosures. Predicting future events is inherently an imprecise activity and as such requires the use of judgment. We base our assumptions, estimates and judgments on historical experience, current trends and other factors that management believes to be relevant at the time our consolidated financial statements are prepared. On a regular basis, management reviews the accounting policies, assumptions, estimates and judgments to ensure that our consolidated financial statements are presented fairly and in accordance with GAAP. However, because future events and their effects cannot be determined with certainty, actual results could differ from our assumptions and estimates, and such differences could be material.

Management believes the accounting estimates discussed below are the most critical because they require management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, resulting from the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain.

Revenue Recognition

Our revenue recognition accounting methodology contains uncertainties because it requires management to make assumptions and to apply judgment to estimate the amount and timing of future sales returns, uncollectible accounts and variable consideration. Our estimates of the amount and timing of sales returns, uncollectible accounts and variable consideration are based primarily on historical trends, product return rates and current contract terms. Accrued sales returns increased from $5.4 million at December 31, 2023 to $6.5 million as of December 31, 2024. Our allowance for credit losses increased from a de minimis amount at December 31, 2023 to $1.1 million as of December 31, 2024. We do not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that there will be any material changes in our accounting methodology, future estimates or assumptions used to measure our estimated liability for sales returns and exchanges, our allowance for credit losses or variable consideration. However, if actual results are not consistent with our estimates or assumptions, we may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material.

Impairment

We review our long-lived assets and definite-lived intangible assets for impairment as of December 31 and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If there are any indications of impairment, we perform a recoverability test by comparing the carrying value of the assets to the estimated future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges - plus proceeds expected from disposition, if any). If the estimated undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the assets, the Company calculates an impairment loss. The impairment loss calculation compares the carrying value of its assets to the assets’ estimated fair value. When the Company recognizes an impairment loss, the carrying amount of the impaired assets are reduced to estimated fair value based on discounted cash flows, quoted market prices or other valuation techniques. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount of the asset or fair value less costs to sell. Cash flow models are reliant on various assumptions, including projected business results and long-term growth factors. The Company determined there were indicators of impairment that existed at December 31, 2024 and a recoverability test was required. Based on the results of this recoverability test, the Company concluded its long-lived and definite-lived assets were not impaired as of December 31, 2024 and no resultant impairment charges were recorded.

In conjunction with the Restructuring Plan initiated by us in August 2024, we recorded impairment charges of $2.5 million on various long-lived assets associated with entering into a sublease on one of the Utah manufacturing facilities that is expected to close during the first quarter of 2025.

The Restructuring Plan initiated by us in August 2024 was determined to be a triggering event for potential impairment of intellectual property that was being accounted for as an indefinite-lived intangible asset. The resultant impairment assessment performed by us determined this asset no longer had any supportable value and an $8.5 million impairment charge to write off the entire balance of the asset was recorded in 2024.

Accrued Warranty Liabilities

We provide a limited warranty on most of the products we sell. Our warranty liability assessment methodology includes estimates in both our DTC and wholesale channels. The estimated warranty costs associated with products sold through DTC channels are expensed at the time of sale and included in cost of revenues. The estimated warranty costs associated with products sold through the wholesale channel are recorded at the time of sale and included as an offset to net revenues. Estimates for warranty costs are based primarily on historical trends and warranty claim rates incurred. We regularly assess and adjust the estimate of accrued warranty claims by updating claims rates for any current or expected trends and changes in projected claim costs. We expect the estimated warranty liability to continue to increase as we have not yet reached the full 10 years of history on our 10-year mattress warranty. We classify as non-current those estimated warranty costs expected to be paid out in greater than one year. As of December 31, 2024, the current and non-current portions of our warranty liabilities were $6.1 million and $26.1 million, respectively, compared to $9.8 million and $25.8 million, respectively, at December 31, 2023. We do not believe there is a reasonable likelihood that a material change in the estimates or assumptions we use to calculate our warranty liability will occur. However, if actual results are not consistent with our estimates or assumptions, we may be exposed to losses or gains that could be material.

Results of Operations

A discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023 is presented below. A separate discussion regarding our financial condition and results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to the year ended December 31, 2022 can be found under Item 7 of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on March 12, 2024.

Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023

The following table sets forth for the periods indicated, our results of operations and the percentage of total net revenues represented by each line item in our consolidated statements of operations:

Revenues, Net

Net revenues decreased $22.7 million, or 4.4%, to $487.9 million in 2024 compared to $510.5 million in 2023. This decrease was primarily driven by macroeconomic pressures impacting U.S. consumer behavior that fueled the ongoing impact of industry-wide demand softness for home-related products, a reduction in advertising spend to focus on more profitable marketing, and the lapping effect on 2024 net revenues associated with the successful launch of our new premium mattress products in 2023. Also, our wholesale channel net revenues were negatively impacted by intentionally exiting our relationship with certain customers. From a sales channel perspective in 2024, DTC net revenues decreased $13.0 million, or 4.4%, and wholesale net revenues decreased $9.6 million, or 4.5%, as compared to 2023. Within DTC in 2024, e-commerce net revenues decreased $17.3 million, or 7.7%, while Purple showroom net revenues increased $4.3 million, or 5.8%, as compared to 2023. The growth in Purple showroom net revenues was driven by an increase in average selling prices related to both strategic price adjustments and a sizeable shift in product mix to our higher priced Rejuvenate Products. Net revenues also benefited in 2024 from a full year’s impact of five new Purple showrooms that opened in 2023.

Cost of Revenues

Total cost of revenues decreased $32.0 million, or 9.4%, to $306.7 million in 2024 compared to $338.7 million in 2023. This decrease was due to lower sales volume coupled with lower production costs that were largely attributable to supply chain initiatives and operational efficiency improvements implemented over the last 12 months. This decrease was offset in part by $15.4 million of charges associated with the Restructuring Plan. Our gross profit percentage, which increased to 37.1% of net revenues in 2024 from 33.7% in 2023, reflected improved production effectiveness in 2024 coupled with the negative impact in 2023 of non-recurring costs associated with the transition to our new product lineup. These savings were offset in part by the restructuring-related charges mentioned above. Although $1.6 million of additional restructuring related charges are projected to be recorded in cost of revenues through the second quarter of 2025, we expect the Restructuring Plan will further streamline our manufacturing operations and provide increased gross profits going forward. These future charges incorporate certain estimates that are provisional and include management judgments and assumptions that could change materially as we complete the execution of our plan. Actual results may differ from these estimates and the completion of our plan could result in additional restructuring, impairment or other related charges not currently anticipated.

Marketing and Sales

Marketing and sales expense decreased $11.1 million, or 6.1%, to $171.3 million in 2024 compared to $182.3 million in 2023. This decrease was primarily due to a $7.2 million decrease in advertising spend and a $2.9 million decrease in wholesale marketing and sales costs compared to the corresponding amounts in the prior year when we invested heavily to support the launch of our new product lineups. As a percentage of net revenues, advertising spend was 13.4% in 2024 compared to 14.2% in 2023. The lower percentage of revenues reflected the impact of using more efficient advertising techniques in 2024 as compared to the use of expanded marketing efforts in 2023.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expense decreased $15.3 million, or 18.2%, to $69.1 million in 2024 compared to $84.4 million in 2023. This decrease was primarily due to $11.3 million of non-recurring legal and professional costs incurred by the Board’s special committee in 2023 coupled with a $4.9 million reduction in other professional fees in 2024. These reductions were partially offset by a $2.0 million increase in compensation and benefits expense related to the special recognition bonus and severance costs associated with the Restructuring Plan. There will be no additional severance cost associated with the Restructuring Plan recorded in general and administrative expense.

Research and Development

Research and development costs increased $1.1 million, or 8.9%, to $13.0 million in 2024 compared to $11.9 million in 2023. This increase was primarily due to a loss incurred on the write off of a software development project coupled with increased investment in new research and development initiatives.

Restructuring, Impairment and Other Related Charges

In August 2024, we initiated a Restructuring Plan to permanently close our two Utah manufacturing facilities and consolidate mattress production in our Georgia plant. The Restructuring Plan also provided for a headcount reduction at our Utah headquarters to drive additional operating efficiencies. Of the $36.4 million total costs in 2024 relating to the Restructuring Plan, $20.0 million were recorded as restructuring, impairment and other related charges which included $3.1 million of employee-related costs, $0.1 million of accelerated depreciation, $5.2 million related to write-downs of long-lived assets to be disposed of or equipment in progress that will not be put in service, $11.0 million of impairment charges which included $2.5 million associated with entering into a sublease for one of the Utah manufacturing facilities to be closed and $8.5 million for the write-off of an indefinite-lived intangible asset, and $0.6 million for other related charges. We expect to record additional restructuring and other related charges of $3.0 million through the second quarter of 2025. These charges incorporate certain estimates that are provisional and include management judgments and assumptions that could change materially as we complete the execution of our plan. Actual results may differ from these estimates and the completion of our plan could result in additional restructuring, impairment or other related charges not currently anticipated.

Loss on Impairment of Goodwill

We recorded a $6.9 million loss on impairment of goodwill in the third quarter of 2023 because of an impairment assessment performed that determined goodwill was impaired. An ongoing decline in our market capitalization, along with other qualitative considerations, was determined to be a triggering event for potential goodwill impairment. The Company, considered as a single reporting unit, estimated the implied fair value of its goodwill using a variety of valuation methods, including both the income and market approaches.

Operating Loss

Operating loss decreased $21.5 million, or 18.9%, to $92.2 million in 2024 compared to $113.7 million in 2023. The smaller operating loss primarily resulted from an increase in gross profit, a decrease in advertising spend, a decrease in general and administrative expense and a loss on impairment of goodwill in 2023. These decreases in operating loss were partially offset by restructuring and impairment charges recorded in 2024 related to the Restructuring Plan. We expect to record additional $4.6 million of costs relating to the Restructuring Plan through the second quarter of 2025. These charges include certain estimates that are provisional and incorporate management judgments and assumptions that could change materially as we complete the execution of our plan. Actual results may differ from these estimates, and the completion of our plan could result in additional restructuring, impairment or other related charges not currently expected.

Interest Expense

Interest expense totaled $17.5 million in 2024 compared to $2.0 million in 2023. This increase was primarily due to $16.8 million of interest incurred on the Related Party Loan that was entered into in January 2024 to refinance the term loan and revolving line of credit associated with the 2023 Credit Agreements. We elected for interest to be capitalized to the outstanding loan balance in accordance with the terms of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement which resulted in $9.7 million of interest expense being added to the Related Party Loan during 2024. In addition, interest expense in 2024 included $7.2 million of debt issuance cost amortization associated with the Related Party Loan. Interest expense in 2023 was primarily comprised of $2.1 million related to the 2023 Credit Agreements entered into in August 2023 and $1.3 million related to the 2020 Credit Agreement that was terminated upon entering into the 2023 Credit Agreements. Interest expense in 2023 was reduced by capitalized interest of $1.5 million.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income was $11.5 million in 2024 compared to other expense of $1.2 million in 2023. Other income in 2024 was primarily comprised of two payments totaling $11.6 million received in full settlement of a previously filed business interruption claim. Other expense in 2023 consisted of a $1.7 million loss on the disposal of property and equipment, partially offset by other income of $0.5 million.

Loss on Extinguishment of Debt

Loss on extinguishment of debt totaled $3.4 million in 2024 compared to $4.3 million in 2023. In January 2024, we entered into the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement that terminated and paid off the outstanding borrowings under our 2023 Credit Agreement. This termination was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt and $3.4 million of unamortized debt issuance costs were recorded as loss on extinguishment of debt. In February 2023, we accounted for an amendment to the 2020 Credit Agreement as an extinguishment of debt and $1.2 million of unamortized debt issuance costs were recorded as loss on extinguishment of debt in 2023. In connection with the execution of the 2023 Credit Agreements in August 2023, the Company terminated its 2020 Credit Agreement. While the Company had no outstanding borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement at that time, the termination was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt and $3.1 million of unamortized debt issuance costs were recorded as loss on extinguishment of debt in 2023.

Change in Fair Value – Warrant Liabilities

In January 2024, in connection with the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, we issued to the Lenders Warrants to purchase 20.0 million shares of our Class A Stock. These Warrants contain certain provisions that do not meet the criteria for equity classification and therefore are recorded as liabilities. The initial liability for these Warrants was recorded at a fair value of $19.6 million on the date of issuance with the offset included in debt issuance costs. This liability is being re-measured to fair value at each reporting date or exercise date with changes in the fair value included in earnings. At December 31, 2024, the Warrants had a fair value of $16.1 million. We recognized a gain of $3.5 million related to a decrease in the fair value of the Warrants outstanding at the end of the period compared to the fair value of the Warrants on the date of issuance.

Income Tax Expense

We had income tax expense of $0.1 million in 2024 compared to a de minimis amount of income tax expense in 2023. Income tax expense in 2024 was related to various state taxes.

Noncontrolling Interest

We calculate net income or loss attributable to noncontrolling interests on a quarterly basis using their weighted average ownership percentage. Net loss attributed to noncontrolling interests was $0.2 million and $0.5 million for 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal sources of funds are cash inflows generated from operations and cash and cash equivalents on hand, supplemented with borrowings made pursuant to our credit agreements and proceeds received from offerings of our equity capital. Principal uses of funds consist of capital expenditures, working capital needs, and operating lease payment obligations. In accordance with the terms of the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement and to manage our cash obligations, we have elected to pay interest in kind and have it added to the principal amount of the loan. Our working capital needs depend largely upon the timing of cash receipts from product sales, payments to vendors and others, changes in inventories, and operating lease payment obligations. Our cash and cash equivalents and working capital positions were $29.0 million and $25.4 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2024 compared to $26.9 million and $30.8 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2023. Cash used for capital expenditures decreased from $15.2 million in 2023 to $7.4 million in 2024. Our capital expenditures in 2024 have primarily consisted of additional investments made in our manufacturing operations and showroom facilities. Additional details regarding our current debt are described above under “Recent Developments in our Business – Debt Financing”

Our financial statements have been prepared on a going concern basis of accounting, which contemplates continuity of operations, realization of assets and liabilities and commitments in the normal course of business. In connection with our preparation of our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2024, we conducted an evaluation as to whether there were conditions and events, considered in the aggregate, which raised substantial doubt as to our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date of the issuance of such financial statements. We had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $29.0 million and an accumulated deficit of $573.9 million at December 31, 2024, and a net loss of $97.9 million and net cash used in operating and investing activities of $25.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. We entered into the 2025 Amendment, pursuant to which we received $19.0 million on March 12, 2025, in additional term loan proceeds from the 2025 Term Loan Lenders.

We have also taken a number of other actions to increase cash flow. In August 2024, we implemented the Restructuring Plan to consolidate manufacturing operations to create efficiencies and cost savings. We have realized and plan to continue to realize direct material cost savings through supply chain initiatives and supplier diversification efforts. We have taken additional cost-saving initiatives in 2025 to maintain liquidity to support our operations and strategies.

Accordingly, we concluded that we will have sufficient liquidity to fund our operations for at least one year from the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Although we currently expect our sources of capital to be sufficient to meet our near-term liquidity needs, there can be no assurance that such sources will be sufficient to satisfy our liquidity requirements in the future. If we cannot generate or obtain needed funds, we might be forced to make substantial reductions in our operating and capital expenses or pursue restructuring plans, which could adversely affect our business operations and ability to execute our current business strategy.

Other Contractual Obligations

Other material contractual obligations primarily include operating lease payment obligations. Refer to Note 9 of our consolidated financial statements for additional information on leases.

Cash Flows for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year ended December 31, 2023

The following summarizes our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 as reported in our consolidated statements of cash flows (in thousands):

Net cash used in operating activities was $17.9 million in 2024 compared to $54.7 million in 2023. Operating activities in 2024 reflected a net loss of $98.1 million offset in part by non-cash adjustments of $75.9 million and working capital changes of $4.3 million. The non-cash adjustments primarily consisted of depreciation and amortization totaling $35.3 million, non-cash restructuring, impairment and other related charges of $20.2 million, paid-in-kind interest on the Related Party Loan of $9.7 million, non-cash interest from amortization of debt issuance costs of $7.2 million, and losses on the extinguishment of debt of $3.4 million. The working capital changes were primarily comprised of a $4.7 million decrease in accounts receivable and a $6.0 million decrease in inventories, offset in part by a $6.4 million decrease in accounts payable. Operating activities in 2023 reflected a net loss of $121.2 million offset in part by non-cash adjustments of $44.1 million and working capital changes of $22.4 million. The non-cash adjustments primarily consisted of depreciation and amortization totaling $25.1 million, an impairment charge to write off $6.9 million of goodwill, stock-based compensation of $4.9 million, and losses on the extinguishment of debt of $4.3 million. The working capital changes were primarily comprised of an $11.1 million increase in accrued warranties, a $4.4 million increase in accounts payable accounts and a $5.9 million decrease in inventories.

Net cash used in investing activities was $7.5 million in 2024 compared to $16.1 million in 2023. Capital expenditures of $7.5 million and $15.2 million in 2024 and 2023, respectively, consisted primarily of additional investments made to our manufacturing operations and showroom facilities.

Net cash provided by financing activities totaled $27.5 million in 2024 compared to $55.8 million in 2023. Financing activities in 2024 included $61.0 million of proceeds received from the Related Party Loan, offset in part by a $25.0 million payment to pay off the term loan from the 2023 Credit Agreement, $5.0 million in repayments against the revolving debt outstanding from the 2023 Credit Agreement, and $3.5 million in payments on debt issuance costs associated with entering into the Amended and Restated Credit Agreement. Financing activities during 2023 included $57.0 million of net proceeds received from a stock offering, $25.0 million from the Term Loan Agreement entered into in August 2023, and $17.0 million in draws on the revolving debt pursuant to the 2023 Credit Agreement. These cash proceeds were partially offset by a $24.7 million payment to pay off the term loan from the 2020 Credit Agreement, $12.0 million in repayments against the revolving debt outstanding from the 2023 Credit Agreement, $6.1 million in payments on debt issuance costs, and $0.4 million of other payments.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For a description of accounting standards recently issued or adopted, including the respective dates of adoption and expected effects on our results of operations and financial condition, refer to Note 2 of our consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Interest Rate Risk

Our results of operations are subject to risk from interest rate fluctuations on our outstanding borrowings. Interest rate risk is highly sensitive due to many factors, including U.S. monetary and tax policies, U.S. and international economic factors and other factors beyond our control. The Related Party Loan entered into in January 2024 bears interest at a variable rate which exposes us to market risks relating to changes in interest rates. As of December 31, 2024, we had $70.7 million of variable rate debt associated with the Related Party Loan. Based on this debt level, an increase of 100 basis points in the effective interest rate on the outstanding debt amount would result in an increase in interest expense of approximately $0.7 million over the next 12 months.

We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes, but this does not preclude our adoption of specific hedging strategies in the future.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

Reference is made to Pages F-1 through F-49 comprising a portion of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures

As a non-accelerated filer, we are exempt from the auditor attestation requirements with respect to internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO” and together with the CEO, the “Certifying Officers”), we evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act). Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.  Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Therefore, even those systems determined to be effective can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their control objectives. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Certifying Officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Based upon this evaluation, and the above criteria, our Certifying Officers concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2024.

Management’s Annual Report on Internal Controls Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act).

The Company’s internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the Company’s financial statements for external reporting purposes in accordance with GAAP. The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that:

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect all misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Certifying Officers, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on the criteria established in Internal Control — Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on this evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2024. 

Previously Reported Material Weakness

As previously reported, we identified a material weakness related to the review and evaluation of wholesale customer contracts, specifically as it relates to variable consideration, including wholesale warranty obligations. Specifically, we did not design and maintain effective controls over the review and evaluation of the accounting relating to contract terms agreed upon with our wholesale customers and the identification and calculation of the related wholesale accrued warranty liabilities.

In response to this material weakness, management, with oversight of the Audit Committee of the Board, designed and effectively implemented a control over the review of all wholesale customer contracts to ensure the terms contained therein are appropriately evaluated and recorded. This control includes increased rigor and participation among our legal and accounting personnel regarding the appropriate consideration and application of contractual terms. We also implemented new controls over credit memo review and approval and the evaluation and review of accrued wholesale warranty liabilities. Based on these measures, management has tested the new controls, found them effective, and concluded that the previously reported material weakness described above has been remediated as of June 30, 2024.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B. Other Information

10b5-1 Trading Arrangements

During the quarter ended December 31, 2024, none of our directors or executive officers adopted, modified or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” as such terms are defined under Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

Special Incentive Bonus Equity Grants

On March 12, 2025, the Board unanimously approved special incentive bonus equity grants to certain members of the Company’s senior leadership team, including, among others, Todd Vogensen, Chief Financial Officer, John J. Roddy, Chief Human Resources Officer, and Eric S. Haynor, Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Vogensen, Mr. Roddy, and Mr. Haynor will receive grants of 450,000, 175,000, and 350,000 restricted stock units, respectively, pursuant to the terms of restricted stock unit grant agreements and the Company’s 2017 Equity Incentive Plan. Such restricted stock units will vest at the sooner of (a) a change in control, as defined in the award agreements, or (b) March 12, 2028, provided that if the recipient’s employment with the Company is involuntarily terminated other than for cause, a pro rata number of restricted stock units will vest as of such termination date. The foregoing summary of the restricted stock units does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the form of restricted stock unit grant agreement, a copy of which will be filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2025.

Amendment to Senior Leadership Team Special Recognition Bonus

On January 26, 2024, the Board unanimously approved a special recognition bonus payment to certain members of the Company’s senior leadership team, including, among others, Todd Vogensen, Chief Financial Officer, John J. Roddy, Chief People Officer, and Eric S. Haynor, Chief Operating Officer. Each participant is eligible to earn a special recognition bonus payment equal to 15 months of their regular salary. The special recognition bonus payment is payable, subject to the employee’s continued employment with the Company, 10% on August 1, 2024, 20% on February 1, 2025, and 70% on August 1, 2025.

On March 12, 2025, the Board amended the special recognition bonus payments and entered into letter agreements (the “Letter Agreements”) with the participants to provide that if a change in control occurs prior to August 1, 2025 and the participant remains employed with the Company until the consummation of the change in control, then 100% of the remaining special recognition bonus payment for such participant shall vest and become payable upon the consummation of such change in control. The foregoing description of the Letter Agreements does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the form of Letter Agreements, a copy of which will be filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2025.

Amendment to Chief Executive Officer Special Recognition Bonus

On January 26, 2024, the Board unanimously approved an amendment to the amended and restated employment agreement of Robert T. DeMartini, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (the “2024 CEO Amendment”). Under the 2024 CEO Amendment, the Company agreed that, among other things, Mr. DeMartini will be eligible to earn an incremental aggregate cash bonus equal to $850,000 that will vest 10% on August 1, 2024, 20% on February 1, 2025, and 70% on August 1, 2025, provided he continues to be employed by the Company and subject to Mr. DeMartini’s obligation to repay any such bonus actually received in the event his employment is terminated other than by the Company without cause prior to June 30, 2026, subject to certain conditions.

On March 12, 2025, the Board adopted an amendment (the “2025 CEO Amendment”) to Mr. DeMartini’s amended and restated employment agreement, as amended by the 2024 CEO Amendment (the “Amended and Restated Employment Agreement”), to provide that if a change in control occurs prior to August 1, 2025 and Mr. DeMartini remains employed by the Company until the consummation of the change in control, then 100% of the unpaid cash bonus payment for Mr. DeMartini shall vest and become payable upon the consummation of such change in control and the bonus repayment condition tied to his employment with the Company until June 30, 2026 shall no longer be applicable. Other than the changes provided by the 2025 CEO Amendment, no other changes were made to Mr. DeMartini’s Amended and Restated Employment Agreement. The foregoing description of the 2025 CEO Amendment does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the 2025 CEO Amendment, a copy of which will be filed as an exhibit to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ending March 31, 2025.

Departure of Chief Marketing Officer

On March 7, 2025, Keira Krausz, the Company’s Chief Marketing Officer, and the Company agreed that Ms. Krausz’ last day of employment with the Company was March 11, 2025. Because Ms. Krausz’s departure is the result of a termination without cause, the Company expects to pay approximately $237,865.57 in termination payments to Ms. Krausz, subject to the Company and Ms. Krausz entering into a mutually agreeable release.

Item 9C. Disclosure Regarding Foreign Jurisdictions that Prevent Inspections

Not applicable.

PART III

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

Information concerning our executive officers is included in Part I of this report under the caption “Information About Our Executive Officers.”

We have adopted a Code of Ethics that applies to all officers, directors, employees and contractors. The Code of Ethics is posted on our website at https://investors.purple.com/governance. We intend to disclose on our website any amendments, or waiver from, a provision to the Code of Ethics by posting the information on our website at the address specified above.

The remaining information required under this item will be included under the captions “Directors and Corporate Governance” and “Delinquent Section 16(a) Reports” in the Company’s definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A, which proxy statement will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the Company’s year ended December 31, 2024, and is incorporated herein by reference thereto.

Item 11. Executive Compensation

The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A, which proxy statement will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the Company’s year ended December 31, 2024.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A, which proxy statement will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the Company’s year ended December 31, 2024.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A, which proxy statement will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the Company’s year ended December 31, 2024.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services

The information required under this item is incorporated herein by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement pursuant to Regulation 14A, which proxy statement will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the close of the Company’s year ended December 31, 2024.

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

The following financial statements are included in Part II, Item 8 of this Form 10-K:

All other financial statement schedules are omitted because they are not applicable or the amounts are immaterial and not required, or the required information is presented in our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto in Item 15 of Part IV below.

We hereby file as part of this report the exhibits listed in the attached Exhibit Index.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary

PURPLE INNOVATION, INC.

INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Shareholders and Board of Directors

Purple Innovation, Inc.

Lehi, Utah

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.

Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matter

The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of the critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

Accrued Warranty Liabilities

As of December 31, 2024, the Company’s accrued warranty liabilities were $32.2 million. As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company provides a limited warranty on the majority of its products sold. Accrued warranty liabilities are estimated based on the results of historical trends and warranty claim rates incurred, and are adjusted for any current or expected trends. Estimated warranty costs for the Company’s direct to consumer customers are recognized at the time of sale in cost of revenues and warranty costs for the Company’s wholesale customers are recognized at the time of sale as an offset to net revenues.

We identified the estimate of accrued warranty liabilities as a critical audit matter because of certain assumptions used by management to estimate warranty costs at the time of sale, specifically, estimated future warranty claims and estimated costs to remedy warranty claims. The principal consideration for our determination was the subjective judgment required to determine the future warranty claim rate used to estimate warranty claims through the end of the warranty period and an increased extent of audit effort to address this matter.

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:

/s/ BDO USA, P.C.

We have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.

Salt Lake City, Utah

March 13, 2025

PURPLE INNOVATION, INC.

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except for par value)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

PURPLE INNOVATION, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(In thousands, except per share amounts)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

PURPLE INNOVATION, INC.

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

(In thousands)