10-Q

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

Domino’s Pizza, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)


(In thousands)	March 23, 2025			December 29, 2024
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	304,320		$	186,126
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		197,412			195,370
Accounts receivable, net		302,837			309,104
Inventories		73,236			70,919
Prepaid expenses and other		38,528			40,363
Advertising fund assets, restricted		99,601			103,396
Total current assets		1,015,934			905,278
Property, plant and equipment:
Land and buildings		104,355			104,793
Leasehold and other improvements		196,227			191,718
Equipment		398,077			390,542
Construction in progress		16,336			22,717
		714,995			709,770
Accumulated depreciation and amortization		(420,069	)		(408,591	)
Property, plant and equipment, net		294,926			301,179
Other assets:
Operating lease right-of-use assets		217,097			210,302
Goodwill		12,117			11,578
Capitalized software, net		156,119			155,025
Investment in DPC Dash		106,726			82,699
Deferred income tax assets, net		25,722			23,432
Other assets		48,978			47,520
Total other assets		566,759			530,556
Total assets	$	1,877,619		$	1,737,013
Liabilities and stockholders’ deficit
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt	$	1,149,764		$	1,149,679
Accounts payable		123,086			85,898
Operating lease liabilities		42,194			39,920
Insurance reserves		24,646			25,658
Dividends payable		61,429			2,246
Advertising fund liabilities		97,403			101,567
Other accrued liabilities		198,238			207,494
Total current liabilities		1,696,760			1,612,462
Long-term liabilities:
Long-term debt, less current portion		3,825,995			3,825,659
Operating lease liabilities		188,547			181,983
Insurance reserves		32,667			33,229
Other accrued liabilities		46,338			45,971
Total long-term liabilities		4,093,547			4,086,842
Stockholders’ deficit:
Common stock		342			343
Additional paid-in capital		892			1,272
Retained deficit		(3,906,833	)		(3,956,474	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(7,089	)		(7,432	)
Total stockholders’ deficit		(3,912,688	)		(3,962,291	)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ deficit	$	1,877,619		$	1,737,013

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Domino’s Pizza, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income

(Unaudited)


	Fiscal Quarter Ended
	March 23,			March 24,
(In thousands, except per share data)	2025			2024
Revenues:
U.S. Company-owned stores	$	91,598		$	92,649
U.S. franchise royalties and fees		151,000			150,518
Supply chain		669,924			659,214
International franchise royalties and fees		75,559			71,966
U.S. franchise advertising		123,975			110,300
Total revenues		1,112,056			1,084,647
Cost of sales:
U.S. Company-owned stores		76,911			76,458
Supply chain		591,998			586,319
Total cost of sales		668,909			662,777
Gross margin		443,147			421,870
General and administrative		109,077			101,024
U.S. franchise advertising		123,975			110,300
Refranchising loss		—			133
Income from operations		210,095			210,413
Other income (expense)		24,027			(18,699	)
Interest income		3,945			3,739
Interest expense		(45,585	)		(45,846	)
Income before provision for income taxes		192,482			149,607
Provision for income taxes		42,831			23,783
Net income	$	149,651		$	125,824
Earnings per share:
Common stock - basic	$	4.37		$	3.62
Common stock - diluted	$	4.33		$	3.58

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Domino’s Pizza, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)


	Fiscal Quarter Ended
	March 23,		March 24,
(In thousands)	2025		2024
Net income	$	149,651	$	125,824
Currency translation adjustment		343		(1,125	)
Comprehensive income	$	149,994	$	124,699

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Domino’s Pizza, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)


	Fiscal Quarter Ended
	March 23,			March 24,
(In thousands)	2025			2024
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	149,651		$	125,824
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		20,362			19,869
Refranchising loss		—			133
Loss on sale/disposal of assets		266			90
Amortization of debt issuance costs		1,210			1,266
Benefit for deferred income taxes		(2,290	)		(3,757	)
Non-cash equity-based compensation expense		10,381			11,338
Excess tax benefits from equity-based compensation		(1,569	)		(8,104	)
Benefit for losses on accounts and notes receivable		(57	)		(8	)
Unrealized (gain) loss on investments		(24,027	)		18,699
Changes in operating assets and liabilities		34,244			(9,961	)
Changes in advertising fund assets and liabilities, restricted		(9,095	)		(31,925	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		179,076			123,464
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures		(14,745	)		(20,181	)
Other		(1,225	)		(1,305	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(15,970	)		(21,486	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Repayments of long-term debt and finance lease obligations		(646	)		(13,525	)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		7,529			10,774
Purchases of common stock		(50,000	)		(25,000	)
Tax payments for restricted stock upon vesting		(8,158	)		(6,700	)
Payments of common stock dividends and equivalents		(617	)		(343	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(51,892	)		(34,794	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		296			(672	)
Change in cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents		111,510			66,512

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		186,126			114,098
Restricted cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period		195,370			200,870
Cash and cash equivalents included in advertising fund assets, restricted, beginning of period		80,928			88,165
Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents and cash and cash equivalents included in advertising fund assets, restricted, beginning of period		462,424			403,133

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period		304,320			203,894
Restricted cash and cash equivalents, end of period		197,412			209,752
Cash and cash equivalents included in advertising fund assets, restricted, end of period		72,202			55,999
Cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents and cash and cash equivalents included in advertising fund assets, restricted, end of period	$	573,934		$	469,645

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

Domino’s Pizza, Inc. and Subsidiaries

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited; tabular amounts in thousands, except share and per share amounts)

March 23, 2025

1. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements. Additionally, the condensed consolidated balance sheet at December 29, 2024 has been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for complete financial statements. Certain captions have been conformed to the current period presentation. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024 included in the Company’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 24, 2025 (the “ 2024 Form 10-K”).

In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring items, considered necessary for a fair statement have been included. Operating results for the first quarter ended March 23, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending December 28, 2025.

2. Segment Information

The Company has three reportable segments: (i) U.S. stores; (ii) supply chain; and (iii) international franchise.

The Company’s operations are organized by management on the combined basis of line of business and geography. The U.S. stores segment includes operations with respect to all franchised and Company-owned stores throughout the U.S. The supply chain segment primarily includes the distribution of food and, to a lesser extent, other products, from the Company’s supply chain center operations in the U.S. and Canada. The international franchise segment includes operations related to the Company’s franchising business in foreign markets. The Company’s chief operating decision maker is its Chief Executive Officer, and he evaluates the performance of the Company’s segments and allocates resources to them based on revenues and earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and other, referred to as Segment Income. The Company uses Segment Income to determine future business objectives and targets and for long-range planning for the reportable segments, as well as to evaluate their operating performance.

The tables below summarize the financial information, including revenues, significant segment expenses, Segment Income and capital expenditures, concerning the Company’s reportable segments for the first quarters ended March 23, 2025 and March 24, 2024. Intersegment revenues are comprised of sales of food and, to a lesser extent, other products, from the supply chain segment to the Company-owned stores in the U.S. stores segment. Intersegment sales prices are market based.

The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures (“ASU 2023-07”) in the fourth quarter of 2024. The Company has included the relevant interim disclosures retrospectively for all periods presented in the condensed consolidated financial statements.


	Fiscal Quarter Ended March 23, 2025
	U.S. Stores		Supply Chain			International Franchise		Total
U.S. Company-owned stores	$	91,598	$	—		$	—	$	91,598
U.S. franchise royalties and fees		151,000		—			—		151,000
Supply chain		—		697,910			—		697,910
Supply chain - intersegment revenues		—		(27,986	)		—		(27,986	)
International franchise royalties and fees		—		—			75,559		75,559
U.S. franchise advertising		123,975		—			—		123,975
Segment revenues	$	366,573	$	669,924		$	75,559	$	1,112,056
Cost of sales - food		27,211		471,616			—		498,827
Cost of sales - labor		29,181		61,882			—		91,063
Cost of sales - other (1)		17,752		49,347			—		67,099
U.S. franchise advertising		123,975		—			—		123,975
General and administrative (2)		36,636		14,259			11,780		62,675
Segment Income	$	131,818	$	72,820		$	63,779	$	268,417
Segment capital expenditures (3)	$	976	$	5,510		$	—	$	6,486


	Fiscal Quarter Ended March 24, 2024
	U.S. Stores		Supply Chain			International Franchise		Total
U.S. Company-owned stores	$	92,649	$	—		$	—	$	92,649
U.S. franchise royalties and fees		150,518		—			—		150,518
Supply chain		—		686,642			—		686,642
Supply chain - intersegment revenues		—		(27,428	)		—		(27,428	)
International franchise royalties and fees		—		—			71,966		71,966
U.S. franchise advertising		110,300		—			—		110,300
Segment revenues	$	353,467	$	659,214		$	71,966	$	1,084,647
Cost of sales - food		26,642		469,937			—		496,579
Cost of sales - labor		29,674		62,218			—		91,892
Cost of sales - other (1)		17,186		46,016			—		63,202
U.S. franchise advertising		110,300		—			—		110,300
General and administrative (2)		33,557		16,467			12,634		62,658
Segment Income	$	136,108	$	64,576		$	59,332	$	260,016
Segment capital expenditures (3)	$	2,597	$	2,775		$	—	$	5,372


(1)		Cost of sales - other, includes delivery, occupancy costs (including rent, telephone and utilities) and insurance expense. Depreciation and amortization is not included in the measurement of Segment Income.


(2)		General and administrative expense consists primarily of labor cost (including variable performance-based compensation expense), computer expenses, professional fees, travel and entertainment, rent, insurance and other. Depreciation and amortization, non-cash equity-based compensation expense and gains and losses from the sale of assets are not included in the measurement of Segment Income.


(3)		The Company also had $8.7 million and $14.2 million of other capital expenditures not attributable to the reportable segments primarily representing capitalized software in the first quarters of 2025 and 2024, respectively.

The following table reconciles total Segment Income to income before provision for income taxes:


	Fiscal Quarter Ended
	March 23, 2025			March 24, 2024
Total Segment Income	$	268,417		$	260,016
General and administrative - other (1)		(27,313	)		(18,173	)
Depreciation and amortization		(20,362	)		(19,869	)
Non-cash equity-based compensation expense		(10,381	)		(11,338	)
Loss on sale/disposal of assets		(266	)		(90	)
Refranchising loss		—			(133	)
Income from operations		210,095			210,413
Other income (expense)		24,027			(18,699	)
Interest income		3,945			3,739
Interest expense		(45,585	)		(45,846	)
Income before provision for income taxes	$	192,482		$	149,607


(1)		Represents corporate administrative costs that have not been allocated to a reportable segment including labor, computer expenses, professional fees, travel and entertainment, rent, insurance and other corporate administrative costs.

The Company’s chief operating decision maker is not regularly provided financial information related to the assets of the reportable segments, and he does not evaluate their performance or allocate resources to them based on assets. Therefore, total assets by reportable segment are not included in the Company’s segment disclosures.

3. Earnings Per Share


	Fiscal Quarter Ended
	March 23,		March 24,
	2025		2024
Net income available to common stockholders - basic and diluted	$	149,651	$	125,824
Basic weighted average number of shares		34,284,052		34,800,310
Earnings per share – basic	$	4.37	$	3.62
Diluted weighted average number of shares		34,553,820		35,154,232
Earnings per share – diluted	$	4.33	$	3.58

The denominators used in calculating diluted earnings per share for common stock for the first quarters ended March 23, 2025 and March 24, 2024 do not include the following because the effect of including these shares would be anti-dilutive or because the performance targets for these awards had not yet been met:


	Fiscal Quarter Ended
	March 23,		March 24,
	2025		2024
Anti-dilutive shares underlying stock-based awards
Stock options		91,269		87,419
Restricted stock awards and units		—		51,587
Performance condition not met
Restricted stock awards and units		41,957		62,114

4. Stockholders’ Deficit

The following table summarizes the changes in stockholders’ deficit for the first quarter of 2025.


													Accumulated
							Additional						Other
	Common Stock						Paid-in			Retained			Comprehensive
	Shares			Amount			Capital			Deficit			Loss
Balance at December 29, 2024		34,281,927		$	343		$	1,272		$	(3,956,474	)	$	(7,432	)
Net income		—			—			—			149,651			—
Dividends declared on common stock and equivalents ($1.74 per share)		—			—			—			(59,800	)		—
Issuance and cancellation of stock awards, net		54,516			—			—			—			—
Tax payments for restricted stock upon vesting		(18,630	)		—			(8,158	)		—			—
Purchases of common stock		(115,280	)		(1	)		(10,132	)		(40,210	)		—
Exercise of stock options		28,280			—			7,529			—			—
Non-cash equity-based compensation expense		—						10,381			—			—
Currency translation adjustment		—			—			—			—			343
Balance at March 23, 2025		34,230,813		$	342		$	892		$	(3,906,833	)	$	(7,089	)

Subsequent to the end of the first quarter of 2025, on April 23, 2025, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a $1.74 per share quarterly dividend on its outstanding common stock for shareholders of record as of June 13, 2025 to be paid on June 30, 2025.

The following table summarizes the changes in stockholders’ deficit for the first quarter of 2024.


													Accumulated
							Additional						Other
	Common Stock						Paid-in			Retained			Comprehensive
	Shares			Amount			Capital			Deficit			Loss
Balance at December 31, 2023		34,726,182		$	347		$	2,801		$	(4,069,648	)	$	(3,867	)
Net income		—			—			—			125,824			—
Dividends declared on common stock and equivalents ($1.51 per share)		—			—			—			(52,954	)		—
Issuance and cancellation of stock awards, net		44,053			1			—			—			—
Tax payments for restricted stock upon vesting		(15,213	)		—			(6,700	)		—			—
Purchases of common stock		(56,372	)		(1	)		(17,021	)		(8,099	)		—
Exercise of stock options		103,107			1			10,773			—			—
Non-cash equity-based compensation expense		—			—			11,338			—			—
Currency translation adjustment		—			—			—			—			(1,125	)
Balance at March 24, 2024		34,801,757		$	348		$	1,191		$	(4,004,877	)	$	(4,992	)

5. Fair Value Measurements

Fair value measurements enable the reader of the financial statements to assess the inputs used to develop those measurements by establishing a hierarchy for ranking the quality and reliability of the information used to determine fair values. The Company classifies and discloses assets and liabilities carried at fair value in one of the following three categories:

Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.

Fair Value of Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

The fair values of the Company’s cash equivalents and investments in marketable securities are based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets.

Fair Value of Investments

The Company holds a non-controlling interest in DPC Dash Ltd (“DPC Dash”), the Company’s master franchisee in China that owns and operates Domino’s Pizza stores in that market. The Company accounts for its investment in DPC Dash as a trading security and records it at fair value at the end of each reporting period, with gains and losses recorded in other income or expense in its condensed consolidated statements of income. As of March 23, 2025, the fair value of the Company’s investment in 8,101,019 DPC Dash ordinary shares is based on the active exchange quoted price for the equity security of HK$102.40 per share (HK: 1405). The Company recorded a positive adjustment to the carrying amount of its investment in DPC Dash of $24.0 million in the first quarter of 2025, with the gain recorded in other income in its condensed consolidated statements of income. The Company recorded a negative adjustment to the carrying amount of its investment in DPC Dash of $18.7 million in the first quarter of 2024 with the loss recorded in other expense in its condensed consolidated statements of income.

The following tables summarize the carrying amounts and fair values of certain assets at March 23, 2025 and December 29, 2024:


	At March 23, 2025
			Fair Value Estimated Using
	Carrying		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	Amount		Inputs		Inputs		Inputs
Cash equivalents	$	253,286	$	253,286	$	—	$	—
Restricted cash equivalents		116,519		116,519		—		—
Investments in marketable securities		22,387		22,387		—		—
Advertising fund cash equivalents, restricted		51,707		51,707		—		—
Investment in DPC Dash		106,726		106,726		—		—


	At December 29, 2024
			Fair Value Estimated Using
	Carrying		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	Amount		Inputs		Inputs		Inputs
Cash equivalents	$	127,074	$	127,074	$	—	$	—
Restricted cash equivalents		140,669		140,669		—		—
Investments in marketable securities		20,638		20,638		—		—
Advertising fund cash equivalents, restricted		70,350		70,350		—		—
Investment in DPC Dash		82,699		82,699		—		—

Fair Value of Debt

The estimated fair values of the Company’s fixed rate notes are classified as Level 2 measurements, as the Company estimates the fair value amount by using available market information. The Company obtained quotes from two separate brokerage firms that are knowledgeable about the Company’s fixed rate notes and, at times, trade these notes. The Company also performed its own internal analysis based on the information gathered from public markets, including information on notes that are similar to those of the Company. However, considerable judgment is required to interpret market data to estimate fair value. Accordingly, the fair value estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amount that the Company or the noteholders could realize in a current market exchange. The use of different assumptions and/or estimation methodologies may have a material effect on the estimated fair values stated below.

Management estimated the approximate fair values of the Company’s 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2021 notes as follows:


	March 23, 2025				December 29, 2024
	Principal Amount		Fair Value		Principal Amount		Fair Value
2015 Ten-Year Notes	$	742,000	$	739,032	$	742,000	$	739,032
2017 Ten-Year Notes		940,000		920,260		940,000		915,560
2018 7.5-Year Notes		402,688		400,674		402,688		399,869
2018 9.25-Year Notes		379,000		373,315		379,000		370,662
2019 Ten-Year Notes		648,000		610,416		648,000		599,400
2021 7.5-Year Notes		826,625		760,495		826,625		750,576
2021 Ten-Year Notes		972,500		861,635		972,500		850,938

The Company did not have any outstanding borrowings under its variable funding notes at March 23, 2025 or December 29, 2024.

6. Leverage Ratio and Debt Classification

In accordance with the Company’s debt agreements, the payment of principal on the outstanding senior notes may be suspended if the Holdco Leverage Ratio is less than or equal to 5.0x total debt to Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, each as defined in the indenture governing the securitized debt, and no catch-up provisions are applicable. As of the end of the first quarter of 2025 and the end of the fourth quarter of 2024, the Company had a Holdco Leverage Ratio of less than 5.0x, and accordingly, the outstanding principal amounts of the Company’s 2021 Notes, 2019 Notes, 2018 9.25-Year Notes and 2017 Ten-Year Notes (refer to Note 5, above) have been classified as long-term debt in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 23, 2025 and December 29, 2024.

The anticipated repayment date for the 2018 7.5-Year Notes and the 2015 Ten-Year Notes (refer to Note 5, above) is October 2025 and accordingly, the outstanding principal amounts for these notes have been classified as current portion of long-term debt in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 23, 2025 and December 29, 2024. The Company expects to refinance the 2018 7.5-Year Notes and the 2015 Ten-Year Notes prior to the anticipated repayment date. If the Company does not refinance the 2018 7.5-Year Notes and the 2015 Ten-Year Notes prior to the anticipated repayment date, additional interest of at least 5% per annum will accrue and the Company’s cash flows other than technology fees and a weekly management fee to cover certain general and administrative expenses would be directed to the repayment of the securitized debt.

7. Revenue Disclosures

Contract Liabilities

Contract liabilities primarily consist of deferred franchise fees and deferred development fees. Deferred franchise fees and deferred development fees of $5.0 million and $5.1 million were included in current other accrued liabilities as of March 23, 2025 and December 29, 2024, respectively. Deferred franchise fees and deferred development fees of $15.0 million and $15.8 million were included in long-term other accrued liabilities as of March 23, 2025 and December 29, 2024, respectively.

Changes in deferred franchise fees and deferred development fees for the first quarters of 2025 and 2024 were as follows:


	Fiscal Quarter Ended
	March 23,			March 24,
	2025			2024
Deferred franchise fees and deferred development fees, beginning of period	$	20,946		$	25,195
Revenue recognized during the period		(1,668	)		(1,364	)
New deferrals due to cash received and other		726			1,330
Deferred franchise fees and deferred development fees, end of period	$	20,004		$	25,161

Advertising Fund Assets

As of March 23, 2025, advertising fund assets, restricted of $99.6 million consisted of $72.2 million of cash and cash equivalents, $16.9 million of accounts receivable and $10.5 million of prepaid expenses. As of March 23, 2025, advertising fund cash and cash equivalents included $2.2 million of cash contributed from U.S. Company-owned stores that had not yet been expended.

As of December 29, 2024, advertising fund assets, restricted of $103.4 million consisted of $80.9 million of cash and cash equivalents, $14.3 million of accounts receivable and $8.2 million of prepaid expenses. As of December 29, 2024, advertising fund cash and cash equivalents included $1.8 million of cash contributed from U.S. Company-owned stores that had not yet been expended.

8. Leases

The Company leases certain retail store and supply chain center locations, vehicles, equipment and its corporate headquarters with expiration dates through 2045. Rent expense totaled $21.8 million and $21.2 million in the first quarter of 2025 and the first quarter of 2024, respectively. Rent expense includes operating lease cost, as well as expense for non-lease components including common area maintenance, real estate taxes and insurance for the Company’s real estate leases. Rent expense also includes the variable rate per mile driven and fixed maintenance charges for the Company’s supply chain center tractors and trailers and expense for short-term rentals. Rent expense for certain short-term supply chain center tractor and trailer rentals was $2.0 million and $1.7 million in the first quarter of 2025 and the first quarter of 2024, respectively. Variable rent expense and rent expense for other short-term leases were immaterial in both the first quarter of 2025 and 2024.

The components of operating and finance lease cost for the first quarters of 2025 and 2024 were as follows:


	Fiscal Quarter Ended
	March 23,		March 24,
	2025		2024
Operating lease cost	$	12,112	$	11,253
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of right-of-use assets		1,258		1,324
Interest on lease liabilities		871		984
Total finance lease cost	$	2,129	$	2,308

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the first quarters of 2025 and 2024 were as follows:


	Fiscal Quarter Ended
	March 23,		March 24,
	2025		2024
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	10,113	$	10,340
Operating cash flows from finance leases		871		984
Financing cash flows from finance leases		631		636
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of financing obligation from sale leaseback:
Operating cash flows from sale leaseback		198		299
Financing cash flows from sale leaseback		15		14
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases		15,967		16,706
Finance leases		—		1,121

As of March 23, 2025, the Company had additional leases for certain supply chain real estate and certain supply chain vehicles that had not yet commenced with estimated future minimum rental commitments of $166.4 million. These leases are expected to commence in 2025 and 2026 with lease terms of up to 20 years. These undiscounted amounts will be included in the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheet at the respective commencement dates.

The Company has guaranteed lease payments related to certain franchisees’ lease arrangements. The maximum amount of potential future payments under these guarantees was $11.5 million and $12.8 million as of March 23, 2025 and December 29, 2024, respectively. The Company does not believe these arrangements have or are likely to have a material effect on its results of operations, financial condition, revenues, expenses or liquidity.

9. Supplemental Disclosures of Cash Flow Information

The Company had non-cash investing activities related to accruals for capital expenditures of $3.6 million at March 23, 2025 and $3.1 million at December 29, 2024. The Company also had $3.4 million and $3.0 million in non-cash financing activity related to accruals for excise taxes on share repurchases as of March 23, 2025 and December 29, 2024, respectively.

10. Company-owned Store Transactions

During the first quarter of 2025, the Company purchased two U.S. franchised stores from one of the Company’s former U.S. franchisees. The Company recorded $0.3 million of intangibles, $0.1 million of equipment and leasehold improvements and $0.5 million of goodwill, with a corresponding liability to the seller of $0.9 million.

During the first quarter of 2024, the Company refranchised one U.S. Company-owned store for proceeds of less than $0.1 million. The pre-tax refranchising loss associated with the sale of the related assets and liabilities, including goodwill, was approximately $0.1 million and was recorded in refranchising loss in the Company’s condensed consolidated statements of income.

11. New Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has considered all new accounting standards issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) and adopted the following accounting standard.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, which requires disclosure on an annual and interim basis, significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker and included within the reported measure of segment profit or loss. In addition, the ASU requires disclosure of other segment expenses by reportable segment and a description of their composition to permit the reconciliation between segment revenue, significant segment expenses and the reported segment measure of profit or loss. The ASU also requires disclosure of the title and position of the chief operating decision maker.

On December 29, 2024, the end of the 2024 fiscal year, the Company adopted ASU 2023-07. The relevant interim disclosures are included within Note 2, Segment Information.

Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted

The Company has considered all new accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB. The Company has not yet adopted the following accounting standards:

ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures, which requires disclosure on an annual basis, a tabular reconciliation, including both amount and percentage of specific categories of the effective tax rate reconciliation, including state and local income taxes (net of Federal taxes), foreign taxes, effects of changes in tax laws and regulations, effects of cross-border tax laws, tax credits, changes in valuation allowances, nontaxable and nondeductible items and changes in unrecognized tax benefits. Additional disclosures are required for certain items exceeding five percent of income from continuing operations multiplied by the statutory income tax rate. The standard also requires disclosure of income taxes paid between Federal, state and foreign jurisdictions, including further disaggregation of those payments exceeding five percent of the total income taxes paid.

ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (Subtopic 220-40): Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures

In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses (Subtopic 220-40): Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures, which requires disclosure on an interim and annual basis, a tabular disclosure of the amounts of (a) purchases of inventory; (b) employee compensation; (c) depreciation; (d) intangible asset amortization; and (e) depreciation, depletion, and amortization recognized as part of oil- and gas-producing activities (or other amounts of depletion expense) included in each relevant expense caption. Include certain amounts that are already required to be disclosed under current generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the same disclosure as the other disaggregation requirements. Disclosure of a qualitative description of the amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated quantitatively. Disclosure of the total amount of selling expenses and, in annual reporting periods, an entity’s definition of selling expenses. The standard can be applied prospectively or retrospectively.

ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this accounting standard on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

(Unaudited; tabular amounts in millions, except percentages and store data)

The 2025 and 2024 first quarters referenced herein represent the twelve-week periods ended March 23, 2025 and March 24, 2024, respectively. In this section, we discuss the results of our operations for the first quarter of 2025 as compared to the first quarter of 2024.

Overview

Domino’s is the largest pizza company in the world, with more than 21,300 locations in over 90 markets around the world as of March 23, 2025, and operates two distinct service models within its stores with a significant business in both delivery and carryout. We are a highly recognized global brand, and we focus on value while serving neighborhoods locally through our large worldwide network of franchise owners and U.S. Company-owned stores through both the delivery and carryout service models. We have been selling quality, affordable food to our customers since 1960. We became “Domino’s Pizza” in 1965 and opened our first franchised store in 1967. Over more than 60 years, we have built Domino’s into one of the most widely-recognized consumer brands in the world. We believe our commitment to value, convenience, quality and new products continues to keep consumers engaged with the brand.

We are primarily a franchisor, with approximately 99% of Domino’s global stores owned and operated by our independent franchisees as of March 23, 2025. Franchising enables an individual to be a business owner and maintain control over all employment-related matters and pricing decisions, while also benefiting from the strength of the Domino’s global brand and operating system with limited capital investment by us.

Domino’s business model is straightforward: Domino’s stores handcraft and serve quality food at a competitive price, with easy ordering access and efficient service, enhanced by our technological innovations. We also have a global agreement with Uber Technologies, Inc. to allow customers to order Domino’s products through their marketplace. Our hand-tossed dough is made fresh and distributed to stores around the world by us and our franchisees.

Domino’s generates revenues and earnings by charging royalties and fees to our franchisees. Royalties are ongoing percent-of-sales fees for use of the Domino’s® brand marks. We also generate revenues and earnings by selling food and, to a lesser extent, other products to franchisees through our supply chain operations primarily in the U.S. and Canada and by operating a number of Company-owned stores in the U.S. Franchisees profit by selling pizza and other complementary items to their local customers. In our international markets, we generally grant geographical rights to the Domino’s Pizza® brand to master franchisees. These master franchisees are charged with developing their geographical area, and they may profit by sub-franchising and selling food and, to a lesser extent, other products to those sub-franchisees, as well as by running pizza stores. We believe that everyone in the system can benefit from the franchise model, including the end consumer, who can purchase Domino’s menu items for themselves and their family conveniently and economically.

Domino’s business model can yield strong returns for our franchise owners and our Company-owned stores. It can also yield significant cash flows to us, through a consistent franchise royalty payment and supply chain revenue stream, through an asset-light model. We have historically returned cash to shareholders through dividend payments and share repurchases. Domino’s financial results are driven largely by retail sales at our franchised and Company-owned stores. Changes in retail sales are primarily driven by same store sales growth and net store growth. We actively monitor both of these metrics, as they directly impact our revenues and profits, and we strive to consistently increase both metrics. Retail sales drive royalty payments from franchisees, as well as Company-owned store and supply chain revenues.

At Domino’s, we believe we have a proven business model for success that has historically driven strong returns for our shareholders. Our Hungry for MORE strategy aims to generate MORE sales, MORE stores and MORE profits. The strategic imperatives of our Hungry for MORE strategy are as follows:

Most Delicious Food: We believe we have the best pizza in the industry, and our menu has even more mouthwatering options beyond pizza. We will continue to showcase the breadth of our menu, while highlighting the deliciousness of our food through our innovative marketing promotions.

Operational Excellence: We are relentless in our focus on convenience, consistency and efficiency for our customers.

Renowned Value: We are committed to continuing to offer competitive pricing and personalized value for our customers that is innovative and memorable.

Enhanced by Best-in-Class Franchisees: Our franchisees play a vital role in driving results and excitement across the more than 90 markets in which we operate.

First Quarter of 2025 Highlights

As discussed above, our Hungry for MORE strategy aims to generate MORE sales, MORE stores and MORE profits.

•

Global retail sales, excluding foreign currency impact (which includes total retail sales at Company-owned and franchised stores worldwide), increased 4.7% as compared to the first quarter of 2024. U.S. retail sales increased 1.3% and international retail sales, excluding foreign currency impact, increased 8.2% as compared to the first quarter of 2024. Same store sales declined 0.5% in our U.S. stores and increased 3.7% in our international stores (excluding foreign currency impact).

•

Global net store decline of 8, including 17 net store openings in the U.S. and 25 net store closures internationally.

•

Income from operations decreased 0.2%.

Excluding the negative impact of foreign currency, Domino’s experienced global retail sales growth during the first quarter of 2025, driven by net store growth during the trailing four quarters in both our U.S. and international businesses, as well as same store sales growth in our international business. Overall, we believe our global retail sales growth, excluding foreign currency impact, marketing initiatives, operations and emphasis on technology have combined to strengthen our brand. These financial and statistical measures are described in additional detail below.

Statistical Measures

The tables below outline certain statistical measures we utilize to analyze our performance. This historical data is not necessarily indicative of results to be expected for any future period.

Global Retail Sales

Global retail sales is a commonly used statistical measure in the quick-service restaurant industry that is important to understanding performance. Global retail sales refers to total worldwide retail sales at Company-owned and franchised stores. We believe global retail sales information is useful in analyzing revenues because franchisees pay royalties and, in the U.S., advertising fees that are based on a percentage of franchise retail sales. We review comparable industry global retail sales information to assess business trends and to track the growth of the Domino’s Pizza brand, and we believe they are indicative of the financial health of our franchisee base. In addition, supply chain revenues are directly impacted by changes in franchise retail sales in the U.S. and Canada. As a result, sales by Domino’s franchisees have a direct effect on our profitability. Retail sales for franchised stores are reported to us by our franchisees and are not included in our revenues. The amounts below are presented in millions of U.S. dollars.


	First Quarter of 2025		First Quarter of 2024
Global retail sales:
U.S. stores	$	2,240.8	$	2,212.0
International stores		2,223.5		2,152.1
Total	$	4,464.3	$	4,364.1

Global Retail Sales Growth, Excluding Foreign Currency Impact

Global retail sales growth, excluding foreign currency impact is a commonly used statistical measure in the quick-service restaurant industry that is important to understanding performance. Global retail sales growth, excluding foreign currency impact is calculated as the change of international local currency global retail sales against the comparable period of the prior year. Changes in global retail sales growth, excluding foreign currency impact are primarily driven by same store sales growth and net store growth.


	First Quarter of 2025	First Quarter of 2024
U.S. stores	+ 1.3%	+ 7.8%
International stores (excluding foreign currency impact)	+ 8.2%	+ 6.8%
Total (excluding foreign currency impact)	+ 4.7%	+ 7.3%

Same Store Sales Growth

Same store sales growth is a commonly used statistical measure in the quick-service restaurant industry that is important to understanding performance. Same store sales growth is calculated for a given period by including only sales from stores that also had sales in the comparable weeks of both periods. International same store sales growth is calculated similarly to U.S. same store sales growth. Changes in international same store sales are reported on a constant dollar basis, which reflects changes in international local currency sales. Same store sales growth for transferred stores is reflected in their current classification.


	First Quarter of 2025	First Quarter of 2024
U.S. Company-owned stores	(2.9)%	+ 8.5%
U.S. franchise stores	(0.4)%	+ 5.5%
U.S. stores	(0.5)%	+ 5.6%
International stores (excluding foreign currency impact)	+ 3.7%	+ 0.9%

U.S. same store sales declined 0.5% in the first quarter of 2025, rolling over an increase in U.S. same store sales of 5.6% in the first quarter of 2024. The decline in U.S. same store sales was driven by lower customer transaction counts, partially offset by an increase in average ticket. International same store sales (excluding foreign currency impact) increased 3.7% in the first quarter of 2025, rolling over an increase in international same store sales (excluding foreign currency impact) of 0.9% in the first quarter of 2024. The increase in international same store sales was driven by higher customer transaction counts.

Store Growth Activity

Net store growth is a commonly used statistical measure in the quick-service restaurant industry that is important to understanding performance. Net store growth is calculated by netting gross store openings with gross store closures during the period. Transfers between Company-owned stores and franchised stores are excluded from the calculation of net store growth.


	U.S. Company- owned Stores		U.S. Franchise Stores			Total U.S. Stores			International Stores			Total
Store count at December 29, 2024		292		6,722			7,014			14,352			21,366
Openings		—		20			20			203			223
Closings		—		(3	)		(3	)		(228	)		(231	)
Transfers		2		(2	)		—			—			—
Store count at March 23, 2025		294		6,737			7,031			14,327			21,358
First quarter 2025 net store growth		—		17			17			(25	)		(8	)
Trailing four quarters net store growth		4		153			157			446			603

Income Statement Data


	First Quarter of 2025					First Quarter of 2024
Revenues:
U.S. Company-owned stores	$	91.6				$	92.6
U.S. franchise royalties and fees		151.0					150.5
Supply chain		669.9					659.2
International franchise royalties and fees		75.6					72.0
U.S. franchise advertising		124.0					110.3
Total revenues		1,112.1		100.0	%		1,084.6		100.0	%
Cost of sales:
U.S. Company-owned stores		76.9					76.5
Supply chain		592.0					586.3
Total cost of sales		668.9		60.2	%		662.8		61.1	%
Gross margin		443.1		39.8	%		421.9		38.9	%
General and administrative		109.1		9.8	%		101.0		9.3	%
U.S. franchise advertising		124.0		11.1	%		110.3		10.2	%
Refranchising loss		—		—			0.1		0.0	%
Income from operations		210.1		18.9	%		210.4		19.4	%
Other income (expense)		24.0		2.2	%		(18.7	)	(1.7	)%
Interest expense, net		(41.6	)	(3.8	)%		(42.1	)	(3.9	)%
Income before provision for income taxes		192.5		17.3	%		149.6		13.8	%
Provision for income taxes		42.8		3.8	%		23.8		2.2	%
Net income	$	149.7		13.5	%	$	125.8		11.6	%

Revenues


	First Quarter of 2025				First Quarter of 2024
U.S. Company-owned stores	$	91.6	8.2	%	$	92.6	8.5	%
U.S. franchise royalties and fees		151.0	13.6	%		150.5	13.9	%
Supply chain		669.9	60.3	%		659.2	60.8	%
International franchise royalties and fees		75.6	6.8	%		72.0	6.6	%
U.S. franchise advertising		124.0	11.1	%		110.3	10.2	%
Total revenues	$	1,112.1	100.0	%	$	1,084.6	100.0	%

Revenues primarily consist of retail sales from our Company-owned stores, royalties and fees and advertising contributions from our U.S. franchised stores, royalties and fees from our international franchised stores and sales of food and, to a lesser extent, other products from our supply chain centers to substantially all of our U.S. franchised stores and certain international franchised stores. Company-owned store and franchised store revenues may vary from period to period due to changes in store count mix. Supply chain revenues may vary significantly from period to period as a result of fluctuations in commodity prices as well as the mix of products we sell.

Consolidated revenues increased $27.4 million, or 2.5%, in the first quarter of 2025 as compared to the first quarter of 2024, primarily due to higher U.S. franchise advertising revenues, higher supply chain revenues and higher international franchise royalties and fees. U.S. franchise advertising revenues increased primarily as a result of a decrease in advertising incentives related to certain brand promotions and the increase in the advertising contribution rate. Supply chain revenues were higher as a result of an increase in our food basket pricing to stores of 4.8%, which was partially offset by the transition of our equipment and supplies business to a third-party supplier and a shift in the relative mix of products we sell. International franchise royalties and fees increased primarily as a result of same store sales growth and net store growth during the trailing four quarters, but were partially offset by the negative impact of foreign currency exchange rates on international franchise royalty revenues. These changes in revenues are described in more detail below.

U.S. Stores


	First Quarter of 2025				First Quarter of 2024
U.S. Company-owned stores	$	91.6	25.0	%	$	92.6	26.2	%
U.S. franchise royalties and fees		151.0	41.2	%		150.5	42.6	%
U.S. franchise advertising		124.0	33.8	%		110.3	31.2	%
Total U.S. stores revenues	$	366.6	100.0	%	$	353.5	100.0	%

U.S. Company-owned Stores

Revenues from U.S. Company-owned store operations decreased $1.0 million, or 1.1%, in the first quarter of 2025 primarily due to lower same store sales.

U.S. Company-owned same store sales declined 2.9% in the first quarter of 2025 and increased 8.5% in the first quarter of 2024.

U.S. Franchise Royalties and Fees

Revenues from U.S. franchise royalties and fees increased $0.5 million, or 0.3%, in the first quarter of 2025 primarily due to an increase in the average number of U.S. franchised stores open during the period resulting from net store growth.

U.S. franchise same store sales declined 0.4% in the first quarter of 2025 and increased 5.5% in the first quarter of 2024.

U.S. Franchise Advertising

Revenues from U.S. franchise advertising increased $13.7 million, or 12.4%, in the first quarter of 2025 primarily due to a decrease in advertising incentives related to certain brand promotions and the return to the standard 6.0% advertising contribution rate at the beginning of the second quarter of 2024 following the end of the temporary reduction to 5.75%.

Supply Chain

Supply chain revenues increased $10.7 million, or 1.6%, in the first quarter of 2025 primarily due to an increase in our food basket pricing to stores, partially offset by the transition of our equipment and supplies business to a third-party supplier and a shift in the relative mix of products we sell. Our food basket pricing to stores increased 4.8% in the first quarter of 2025, which resulted in an estimated $36 million increase in supply chain revenues. The food basket pricing change, a statistical measure utilized by management, is calculated as the percentage change of the food basket (including both food and cardboard products) purchased by an average U.S. store (based on average weekly unit sales) from our U.S. supply chain centers against the comparable period of the prior year. We believe this measure is important to understanding Company performance because as our food basket prices fluctuate, our revenues, cost of sales and gross margin percentages in our supply chain segment also fluctuate.

International Franchise Royalties and Fee Revenues

Revenues from international franchise royalties and fees increased $3.6 million, or 5.0%, in the first quarter of 2025 primarily due to same store sales growth (excluding foreign currency impact) and net store growth during the trailing four quarters, but these increases were partially offset by the negative impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates of approximately $3.2 million in the first quarter of 2025. The impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates on international franchise royalty revenues, a statistical measure utilized by management, is calculated as the difference in international franchise royalty revenues resulting from translating current year local currency results to U.S. dollars at current year exchange rates as compared to prior year exchange rates. We believe this measure is important to understanding Company performance given the significant variability in international franchise royalty revenues that can be driven by changes in foreign currency exchange rates.

International franchise same store sales increased 3.7% in the first quarter of 2025 and increased 0.9% in the first quarter of 2024, each excluding the impact of foreign currency exchange rates.

Cost of Sales / Gross Margin


	First Quarter of 2025				First Quarter of 2024
Total revenues	$	1,112.1	100.0	%	$	1,084.6	100.0	%
Total cost of sales		668.9	60.2	%		662.8	61.1	%
Gross margin	$	443.1	39.8	%	$	421.9	38.9	%

Consolidated cost of sales consists of U.S. Company-owned store and supply chain costs incurred to generate related revenues. Components of consolidated cost of sales primarily include food and labor costs, as well as other costs including delivery, occupancy costs (including rent, telephone, utilities and depreciation) and insurance expense. Consolidated gross margin (which we define as revenues less cost of sales) increased $21.2 million, or 5.0%, in the first quarter of 2025 due primarily to higher franchise advertising revenues (as discussed above), as well as gross margin dollar growth within supply chain, discussed below. Franchise revenues do not have a cost of sales component, so changes in these revenues have a disproportionate effect on gross margin. Additionally, as food basket prices fluctuate, revenues, cost of sales and gross margin percentages in our supply chain segment also fluctuate, and further, cost of sales, gross margins and gross margin percentages for our U.S. Company-owned stores also fluctuate.

As a percentage of revenues, consolidated gross margin increased 0.9 percentage points to 39.8% in the first quarter of 2025 from 38.9% in the first quarter of 2024. U.S. Company-owned store gross margin decreased 1.5 percentage points in the first quarter of 2025, and supply chain gross margin increased 0.5 percentage points in the first quarter of 2025. Changes in the significant components of gross margin are described in more detail below.

U.S. Company-Owned Store Gross Margin


	First Quarter of 2025				First Quarter of 2024
Revenues	$	91.6	100.0	%	$	92.6	100.0	%
Cost of sales		76.9	84.0	%		76.5	82.5	%
Store gross margin	$	14.7	16.0	%	$	16.1	17.5	%

U.S. Company-owned store gross margin (which does not include certain store-level costs such as royalties and advertising) decreased $1.5 million, or 9.3%, in the first quarter of 2025. As a percentage of store revenues, U.S. Company-owned store gross margin decreased 1.5 percentage points in the first quarter of 2025. These changes in gross margin as a percentage of revenues are discussed in additional detail below.

•

Food costs increased 0.9 percentage points to 29.7% in the first quarter of 2025, driven by the increase in the food basket pricing to stores.

•

Labor costs decreased 0.1 percentage points to 31.9% in the first quarter of 2025.

•

Lower sales leverage driven by lower order counts contributed to the remaining decrease in U.S. Company-owned store gross margin.

Supply Chain Gross Margin


	First Quarter of 2025				First Quarter of 2024
Revenues	$	669.9	100.0	%	$	659.2	100.0	%
Cost of sales		592.0	88.4	%		586.3	88.9	%
Supply chain gross margin	$	77.9	11.6	%	$	72.9	11.1	%

Supply chain gross margin increased $5.0 million, or 6.9%, in the first quarter of 2025. As a percentage of supply chain revenues, supply chain gross margin increased 0.5 percentage points in the first quarter of 2025. These changes in gross margin as a percentage of revenues are discussed in additional detail below.

•

Food costs decreased 0.9 percentage points to 70.4% in the first quarter of 2025, driven primarily by procurement productivity.

•

Labor costs decreased 0.2 percentage points to 9.2% in the first quarter of 2025.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses increased $8.1 million, or 8.0%, in the first quarter of 2025, primarily related to approximately $5 million in severance expenses associated with an organizational realignment that took place in the first quarter of 2025.

U.S. Franchise Advertising Expenses

U.S. franchise advertising expenses increased $13.7 million, or 12.4%, in the first quarter of 2025, consistent with the increase in U.S. franchise advertising revenues, as discussed above. U.S. franchise advertising costs are accrued and expensed when the related U.S. franchise advertising revenues are recognized, as our consolidated not-for-profit advertising fund is obligated to expend such revenues on advertising and other activities that promote the Domino’s brand, and these revenues cannot be used for general corporate purposes.

Other Income (Expense)

During the first quarters of 2025 and 2024, we recorded a $24.0 million pre-tax unrealized gain and an $18.7 million pre-tax unrealized loss, respectively, on our investment in DPC Dash (refer to Note 5 of the condensed consolidated financial statements). The recorded amount of our investment is based on the active exchange quoted price for the equity security.

Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net decreased $0.5 million, or 1.1%, in the first quarter of 2025, driven primarily by higher interest income on our cash equivalents.

Our weighted average borrowing rate was 3.8% in both the first quarter of 2025 and 2024.

Provision for Income Taxes

Provision for income taxes increased $19.0 million, or 80.1%, in the first quarter of 2025 due to a higher effective tax rate, as well as higher income before provision for income taxes. The effective tax rate increased to 22.3% during the first quarter of 2025 as compared to 15.9% in the first quarter of 2024, driven primarily by a 4.6 percentage point unfavorable change in the impact of excess tax benefits from equity-based compensation, as well as other rate and discrete items.

Segment Income

We evaluate the performance of our reportable segments and allocate resources to them based on earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization and other, referred to as Segment Income. Segment Income for each of our reportable segments is summarized in the table below.


	First Quarter of 2025		First Quarter of 2024
U.S. stores	$	131.8	$	136.1
Supply chain		72.8		64.6
International franchise		63.8		59.3

U.S. Stores

U.S. stores Segment Income decreased $4.3 million, or 3.2%, in the first quarter of 2025, primarily due to a shift in the relative mix of labor cost associated with internally developed software, as well as the $1.5 million decrease in U.S. Company-owned store gross margin discussed above.

U.S. franchise revenues do not have a cost of sales component, so changes in these revenues have a disproportionate effect on U.S. stores Segment Income. U.S. franchise advertising costs are accrued and expensed when the related U.S. franchise advertising revenues are recognized and had no impact on U.S. stores Segment Income.

Supply Chain

Supply chain Segment Income increased $8.2 million, or 12.8%, in the first quarter of 2025, primarily due to the $5.0 million increase in supply chain gross margin discussed above.

International Franchise

International franchise Segment Income increased $4.4 million, or 7.5%, in the first quarter of 2025, primarily due to higher international franchise royalties and fees revenues, as discussed above. International franchise revenues do not have a cost of sales component, so changes in these revenues have a disproportionate effect on international franchise Segment Income.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Historically, our receivable collection periods and inventory turn rates are faster than the normal payment terms on our current liabilities resulting in efficient deployment of working capital. We generally collect our receivables within three weeks from the date of the related sale and we generally experience multiple inventory turns per month. In addition, our sales are not typically seasonal, which further limits variations in our working capital requirements. As of March 23, 2025, we had negative working capital totaling $880.4 million, primarily due to the current portion of long-term debt (see discussion below, as well as Note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements). Our working capital amount excludes restricted cash and cash equivalents of $197.4 million, advertising fund assets, restricted, of $99.6 million and advertising fund liabilities of $97.4 million. Working capital includes total unrestricted cash and cash equivalents of $304.3 million.

Our primary sources of liquidity are cash flows from operations and availability of borrowings under our variable funding notes. During the first quarter of 2025, we experienced an increase in both U.S. and international retail sales (excluding foreign currency impact). Additionally, both our U.S. and international businesses grew store counts during the trailing four quarters. These factors contributed to our continued ability to generate positive operating cash flows. In addition to our cash flows from operations, we have two variable funding note facilities. These facilities include our Series 2022-1 Variable Funding Senior Secured Notes, Class A-1 Notes (the “2022 Variable Funding Notes”), which allows for advances of up to $120.0 million, as well as our Series 2021-1 Variable Funding Senior Secured Notes, Class A-1 Notes (the “2021 Variable Funding Notes,” and, together with the 2022 Variable Funding Notes, the “2022 and 2021 Variable Funding Notes”), which allows for advances of up to $200.0 million and certain other credit instruments, including letters of credit. The letters of credit primarily relate to our casualty insurance programs. As of March 23, 2025, we had no outstanding borrowings and $263.6 million of available borrowing capacity under our 2022 and 2021 Variable Funding Notes, net of letters of credit issued of $56.4 million.

We expect to continue to use our unrestricted cash and cash equivalents, cash flows from operations, any excess cash from our recapitalization transactions and available borrowings under our 2022 and 2021 Variable Funding Notes to, among other things, fund working capital requirements, invest in our core business and other strategic opportunities, repay outstanding borrowings under our securitized debt, pay dividends and repurchase and retire shares of our common stock.

Our ability to continue to fund these items and continue to service our debt could be adversely affected by the occurrence of any of the events described under “Risk Factors” in our 2024 Form 10-K. There can be no assurance that our business will generate sufficient cash flows from operations or that future borrowings will be available under our 2022 and 2021 Variable Funding Notes or otherwise to enable us to service our indebtedness, or to make anticipated capital expenditures. Our future operating performance and our ability to service, extend or refinance our outstanding senior notes and to service, extend or refinance our 2022 and 2021 Variable Funding Notes will be subject to future economic conditions and to financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control.

Restricted Cash

As of March 23, 2025, we had $146.9 million of restricted cash and cash equivalents held for future principal and interest payments and other working capital requirements of our asset-backed securitization structure, $50.3 million of restricted cash equivalents held in a three-month interest reserve as required by the indenture governing the securitized debt and $0.2 million of other restricted cash for a total of $197.4 million of restricted cash and cash equivalents. As of March 23, 2025, we also held $72.2 million of advertising fund restricted cash and cash equivalents which can only be used for activities that promote the Domino’s brand.

Long-Term Debt

As of March 23, 2025, we had approximately $4.98 billion of long-term debt, of which $1.15 billion was classified as a current liability. As of March 23, 2025, our fixed rate notes from the recapitalizations we completed in 2021, 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2015 had original scheduled principal payments of $1.18 billion in the remainder of 2025, $39.3 million in 2026, $1.31 billion in 2027, $817.9 million in 2028, $631.0 million in 2029, $10.0 million in 2030 and $912.5 million in 2031. However, in accordance with our debt agreements, the payment of principal on our outstanding senior notes may be suspended if our Holdco Leverage Ratio is less than or equal to 5.0x total debt to Consolidated Adjusted EBITDA, each as defined in the indenture governing the securitized debt, and no catch-up provisions are applicable. As of the end of the first quarter of 2025 and the fourth quarter of 2024, we had a Holdco Leverage Ratio of less than 5.0x, and accordingly, the outstanding principal amounts of the Company’s 2021 Notes, 2019 Notes, 2018 9.25-Year Notes and 2017 Ten-Year Notes (refer to Note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements) have been classified as long-term debt in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 23, 2025 and December 29, 2024.

The anticipated repayment date for the 2018 7.5-Year Notes and the 2015 Ten-Year Notes (refer to Note 6 to the condensed consolidated financial statements) is October 2025 and accordingly, the outstanding principal amounts for these notes have been classified as current portion of long-term debt in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 23, 2025 and December 29, 2024. The Company expects to refinance the 2018 7.5-Year Notes and the 2015 Ten-Year Notes prior to the anticipated repayment date. If the Company does not refinance the 2018 7.5-Year Notes and the 2015 Ten-Year Notes prior to the anticipated repayment date, additional interest of at least 5% per annum will accrue and the Company’s cash flows other than technology fees and a weekly management fee to cover certain general and administrative expenses would be directed to the repayment of the securitized debt.

The notes are subject to certain financial and non-financial covenants, including a debt service coverage ratio calculation. The covenant requires a minimum coverage ratio of 1.75x total debt service to securitized net cash flow, each as defined in the indenture governing the securitized debt. In the event that certain covenants are not met, the notes may become due and payable on an accelerated schedule.

Share Repurchase Programs

Our share repurchase programs have historically been funded by excess operating cash flows, excess proceeds from our recapitalization transactions and borrowings under our 2022 and 2021 Variable Funding Notes.

During the first quarter of 2025, we repurchased and retired 115,280 shares of our common stock under our Board of Directors-approved share repurchase program for a total of approximately $50.0 million. As of March 23, 2025, we had a total remaining authorized amount for share repurchases of approximately $764.3 million.

Dividends

On February 19, 2025, our Board of Directors declared a $1.74 per share quarterly dividend on our outstanding common stock for shareholders of record as of March 14, 2025, which was paid on March 28, 2025. We had approximately $61.4 million accrued for common stock dividends at March 23, 2025. Subsequent to the end of the first quarter of 2025, on April 23, 2025, our Board of Directors declared a $1.74 per share quarterly dividend on our outstanding common stock for shareholders of record as of June 13, 2025, to be paid on June 30, 2025.

Sources and Uses of Cash

The following table illustrates the main components of our cash flows:


	First Quarter of 2025			First Quarter of 2024
Cash flows provided by (used in)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	179.1		$	123.5
Net cash used in investing activities		(16.0	)		(21.5	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(51.9	)		(34.8	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash		0.3			(0.7	)
Change in cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash and cash equivalents	$	111.5		$	66.5

Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities increased $55.6 million in the first quarter of 2025, as a result of the positive impact of changes in operating assets and liabilities and a positive change in restricted advertising fund assets and liabilities. The positive impact of changes in operating assets and liabilities of $50.8 million primarily related to the timing of payments on accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the first quarter of 2025 as compared to the first quarter of 2024. Additionally, the $22.8 million positive impact of changes in restricted advertising fund assets and liabilities in the first quarter of 2025 as compared to the first quarter of 2024 was a result of the timing and amount of advertising contributions and the timing and amount of payments for advertising activities. These increases were partially offset by lower net income, excluding non-cash adjustments. Net income increased $23.8 million; however, this increase was more than offset by non-cash adjustments of $41.8 million (primarily representing the changes in the unrealized gains and losses associated with the remeasurement of the Company’s investment in DPC Dash), resulting in an overall decrease to cash provided by operating activities in the first quarter of 2025 as compared to the first quarter of 2024 of $18.0 million.

Investing Activities

Cash used in investing activities was $16.0 million in the first quarter of 2025, which primarily consisted of $14.7 million of capital expenditures (driven primarily by investments in consumer and store technology, supply chain centers and corporate store operations).

Financing Activities

Cash used in financing activities was $51.9 million in the first quarter of 2025, which included the repurchase of approximately $50.0 million in common stock under our Board of Directors-approved share repurchase program, tax payments for the vesting of restricted stock of $8.2 million, repayments of finance lease obligations of $0.6 million and dividend payments of $0.6 million. These uses of cash were partially offset by proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $7.5 million.

Critical Accounting Estimates

For a description of the Company’s critical accounting estimates, refer to “Part II—Item 7—Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the 2024 Form 10-K. The Company considers its most significant accounting policies and estimates to be long-lived assets, casualty insurance reserves and income taxes. There have been no material changes to the Company’s critical accounting estimates since December 29, 2024.

Forward-Looking Statements

This filing contains various forward-looking statements about the Company within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 (the “Act”) that are based on current management expectations that involve substantial risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from the results expressed in, or implied by, these forward-looking statements. The following cautionary statements are being made pursuant to the provisions of the Act and with the intention of obtaining the benefits of the “safe harbor” provisions of the Act. You can identify forward-looking statements by the use of words such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “could,” “should,” “estimates,” “expects,” “intends,” “may,” “will,” “plans,” “predicts,” “projects,” “seeks,” “approximately,” “potential,” “outlook” and similar terms and phrases that concern our strategy, plans or intentions, including references to assumptions. These forward-looking statements address various matters including information concerning future results of operations and business strategy, our anticipated profitability, estimates in same store sales growth, store growth and the growth of our U.S. and international business in general, our ability to service our indebtedness, our future cash flows, our operating performance, trends in our business and other descriptions of future events reflect the Company’s expectations based upon currently available information and data. While we believe these expectations and projections are based on reasonable assumptions, such forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations are more fully described in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including under the section headed “Risk Factors” in our 2024 Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 29, 2024. Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including but not limited to: our substantial indebtedness as a result of our recapitalization transactions and our ability to incur additional indebtedness or refinance or renegotiate key terms of that indebtedness in the future; the impact a downgrade in our credit rating may have on our business, financial condition and results of operations; our future financial performance and our ability to pay principal and interest on our indebtedness; the strength of our brand, including our ability to compete in the U.S. and internationally in our intensely competitive industry, including the food service and food delivery markets; our ability to successfully implement our growth strategy, including through our participation in the third-party order aggregation marketplace; labor shortages or changes in operating expenses resulting from increases in prices of food (particularly cheese), fuel and other commodity costs, labor, utilities, insurance, employee benefits and other operating costs or negative economic conditions; the effectiveness of our advertising, operations and promotional initiatives; shortages, interruptions or disruptions in the supply or delivery of fresh food products and store equipment; additional risks our international operations subject us to, which may differ in each country in which we and our franchisees do business; our ability and that of our franchisees to successfully operate in the current and future credit environment; the impact of social media or a boycott on our business, brand and reputation; the impact of new or improved technologies and alternative methods of delivery on consumer behavior; new product, digital ordering and concept developments by us, and other food-industry competitors; our ability to maintain good relationships with and attract new franchisees, and franchisees’ ability to successfully manage their operations without negatively impacting our royalty payments and fees or our brand’s reputation; our ability to successfully implement cost-saving strategies; changes in the level of consumer spending given general economic conditions, including interest rates, energy prices and consumer confidence or negative economic conditions in general; our ability and that of our franchisees to open new restaurants and keep existing restaurants in operation and maintain demand for new stores; the impact that widespread illness, health epidemics or general health concerns, severe weather conditions and natural disasters may have on our business and the economies of the countries where we operate; changes in foreign currency exchange rates; changes in income tax rates; our ability to retain or replace our executive officers and other key members of management and our ability to adequately staff our stores and supply chain centers with qualified personnel; our ability to find and/or retain suitable real estate for our stores and supply chain centers; changes in government legislation and regulations, including changes in laws and regulations regarding information privacy, payment methods, advertising and consumer protection and social media; adverse legal judgments or settlements; food-borne illness or contamination of products or food tampering or other events that may impact our reputation; data breaches, power loss, technological failures, user error or other cyber risks threatening us or our franchisees; the impact that environmental, social and governance matters may have on our business and reputation; the effect of war, terrorism, catastrophic events, other geopolitical or reputational considerations or climate change; our ability to pay dividends and repurchase shares; changes in consumer tastes, spending and traffic patterns and demographic trends; changes in accounting policies; and adequacy of our insurance coverage. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking events discussed in this filing might not occur. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this filing and should be evaluated with an understanding of their inherent uncertainty. Except as required under federal securities laws and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, or other applicable law, we will not undertake, and specifically disclaim, any obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances arising after the date of this filing, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements included in this filing or that may be made elsewhere from time to time by, or on behalf of, us. All forward-looking statements attributable to us are expressly qualified by these cautionary statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Market Risk

We do not engage in speculative transactions, nor do we hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes. In connection with the recapitalizations of our business, we have issued fixed rate notes and entered into variable funding notes, and, at March 23, 2025, we are exposed to interest rate risk on borrowings under our variable funding notes. As of March 23, 2025, we had no outstanding borrowings under our 2022 and 2021 Variable Funding Notes.

Our 2022 and 2021 Variable Funding Notes bear interest at fluctuating interest rates based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“Term SOFR”), plus a spread adjustment. Accordingly, a rising interest rate environment could result in higher interest expense due on borrowings under our 2022 and 2021 Variable Funding Notes, in which event we may have difficulties making interest payments and funding our other fixed costs, and our available cash flow for general corporate requirements may be adversely affected.

Our fixed-rate debt exposes the Company to changes in market interest rates reflected in the fair value of the debt and to the risk that the Company may need to refinance maturing debt with new debt at a higher rate. As of March 23, 2025, we had approximately $1.14 billion of debt classified as current associated with our 2018 7.5-Year Notes and 2015 Ten-Year Notes for which the anticipated repayment date is October 2025. We expect to refinance the 2018 7.5-Year Notes and 2015 Ten-Year Notes prior to the anticipated repayment date, and we expect, based upon current benchmark rates, to refinance those notes at higher interest rates.

We are exposed to market risks from changes in food and commodity prices. During the normal course of business, we purchase cheese and certain other food products that are affected by changes in commodity prices and, as a result, we are subject to volatility in our product costs. Severe increases in commodity prices or food costs, including as a result of inflation, could affect the global and U.S. economies and could also adversely impact our business, financial condition or results of operations. We may periodically enter into financial instruments to manage this risk, although we have not done so historically. We do not engage in speculative transactions or hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes. In instances when we use fixed pricing agreements with our suppliers, these agreements cover our physical commodity needs, are not net-settled and are accounted for as normal purchases.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

We have exposure to various foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations for revenues generated by our operations outside the U.S., which can adversely impact our net income and cash flows. Approximately 6.8% of our total revenues in the first quarter of 2025 and approximately 6.6% of our total revenues in the first quarter of 2024 were derived from our international franchise segment, a majority of which were denominated in foreign currencies. We also operate dough manufacturing and distribution facilities in Canada, which generate revenues denominated in Canadian dollars. We do not enter into financial instruments to manage this foreign currency exchange risk. We estimate that a hypothetical 10% adverse change in the foreign currency rates for our international markets would have resulted in a negative impact on royalty revenues of approximately $7.4 million in the first quarter of 2025.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Management, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Russell J. Weiner, and Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Sandeep Reddy, performed an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as that term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, Mr. Weiner and Mr. Reddy concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

During the quarterly period ended March 23, 2025, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

We are a party to lawsuits, revenue agent reviews by taxing authorities and administrative proceedings in the ordinary course of business which include, without limitation, workers’ compensation, general liability, automobile and franchisee claims. We are also subject to suits related to employment practices. In addition, we may occasionally be party to large claims, including class action suits.

Litigation is subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of individual litigated matters is unpredictable. These matters referenced above could be decided unfavorably to us and could require us to pay damages or make other expenditures in amounts or a range of amounts that cannot be estimated with accuracy. However, we do not believe these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the business or financial condition of the Company, and we expect that the established accruals adequately provide for the estimated resolution of such claims.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes with respect to those risk factors previously disclosed in Item 1A “Risk Factors” in Part I of our 2024 Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

c. Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers.


							Maximum Approximate Dollar
					Total Number of Shares		Value of Shares that
	Total Number				Purchased as Part of		May Yet Be Purchased
	of Shares		Average Price Paid		Publicly Announced		Under the Program (2)
Period	Purchased (1)		Per Share		Program (2)		(in thousands)
Period #1 (December 30, 2024 to January 26, 2025)		1,014	$	432.85		—	$	814,337
Period #2 (January 27, 2025 to February 23, 2025)		1,575		461.65		—		814,337
Period #3 (February 24, 2025 to March 23, 2025)		118,117		435.25		115,280		764,337
Total		120,706	$	435.58		115,280	$	764,337


(1)	5,426 shares in the first quarter of 2025 were purchased as part of the Company’s employee stock payroll deduction plan at an average price of $474.94.
(2)	On February 21, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an additional share repurchase program to repurchase up to $1.0 billion of the Company’s common stock, in addition to the $141.3 million that was previously remaining for a total authorization of $1.14 billion for future share repurchases as of that date. As of March 23, 2025, $764.3 million remained available for future purchases of the Company’s common stock under this share repurchase program.
	Authorization for the repurchase program may be modified, suspended, or discontinued at any time. The repurchase of shares in any particular period and the actual amount of such purchases remain at the discretion of the Board of Directors, and no assurance can be given that shares will be repurchased in the future.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.


Delaware		38-2511577
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
30 Frank Lloyd Wright Drive Ann Arbor, Michigan		48105
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)


Title of Each Class	Trading Symbol	Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Domino’s Pizza, Inc. Common Stock, $0.01 par value	DPZ	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐


Exhibit Number		Description
10.1		Form of Restricted Stock Unit Award Agreement (cliff vesting with acceleration events) under the Amended Domino’s Pizza, Inc. 2004 Equity Incentive Plan.
31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, relating to Domino’s Pizza, Inc.
31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, relating to Domino’s Pizza, Inc.
32.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, relating to Domino’s Pizza, Inc.
32.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 1350, Chapter 63 of Title 18, United States Code, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, relating to Domino’s Pizza, Inc.
101.INS		XBRL Instance Document – The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
104		Cover page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in exhibit 101).


		DOMINO’S PIZZA, INC. (Registrant)
Date: April 28, 2025		/s/ Sandeep Reddy
		Sandeep Reddy
		Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)


		Page No.
PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements	3

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) – As of March 23, 2025 and December 29, 2024	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited) – Fiscal quarters ended March 23, 2025 and March 24, 2024	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) – Fiscal quarters ended March 23, 2025 and March 24, 2024	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) – Fiscal quarters ended March 23, 2025 and March 24, 2024	6

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	7

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	15

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	26

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	26

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	27

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	27

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	27

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	27

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	27

Item 5.	Other Information	28

Item 6.	Exhibits	29

SIGNATURES		30