EX-99.1 2 a2025q1nlyex991.htm EX-99.1 Document

nlya11.jpg
ANNALY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC. REPORTS 1st QUARTER 2025 RESULTS
NEW YORK—April 30, 2025—Annaly Capital Management, Inc. (NYSE: NLY) ("Annaly" or the "Company") today announced its financial results for the quarter ended March 31, 2025.
Financial Highlights
•GAAP net income of $0.15 per average common share for the quarter
•Earnings available for distribution ("EAD") of $0.72 per average common share for the quarter
•Economic return of 3.0% for the first quarter
•Book value per common share of $19.02
•GAAP leverage of 6.8x, down from 7.1x in the prior quarter; economic leverage of 5.7x, up from 5.5x in the prior quarter
•Increased common stock cash dividend to $0.70 per share for the first quarter

Business Highlights
Investment and Strategy
•Total portfolio of $84.9 billion, including $75.0 billion in highly liquid Agency portfolio(1)
•Annaly’s Agency portfolio increased by 6% with portfolio additions focused on intermediate coupon TBA securities (4.0% and 4.5% coupons) and higher coupon specified pools (predominantly 5.5% coupons)
•Maintained defensive duration and hedge position in light of uncertain environment with 95% hedge ratio
•Annaly’s Residential Credit portfolio decreased to $6.6 billion(1) driven by continued programmatic securitization issuance and opportunistic sales of third-party securities early in the quarter; correspondent channel activity remained robust with $5.3 billion in lock volume, with total funded volume of $3.8 billion
•Annaly's MSR portfolio relatively unchanged at $3.3 billion in market value, now representing 21% of dedicated capital(2)
–Received a 2024 SHARP award from Freddie Mac, recognizing superior mortgage servicing portfolio performance

Financing and Capital
•Annaly Residential Credit Group priced eight securitizations totaling $4.2 billion since the beginning of the year, including its inaugural HELOC securitization(3)
–Annaly remained the largest non-bank issuer and the second largest issuer overall of Prime Jumbo and Expanded Credit MBS year-to-date(4)
•Since the beginning of 2025, Annaly’s Residential Credit business increased financing capacity by $400 million through new and expanded credit facilities; total warehouse capacity across both Annaly’s Residential Credit and MSR businesses of $5.8 billion(5)
•Average GAAP cost of interest-bearing liabilities of 4.77%, down 19 basis points quarter-over-quarter, and average economic cost of interest-bearing liabilities of 3.88%, up 9 basis points quarter-over-quarter
•Raised $496 million of accretive common equity through the Company’s at-the-market sales program(6)

"We were pleased to deliver a 3% economic return in the first quarter, as well as an increase to our common stock dividend, with each of our three investment strategies contributing positively to our return," remarked Chief Executive Officer & Co-Chief Investment Officer David Finkelstein. "Subsequent to quarter end, we have seen an increase in interest rate volatility and MBS spread widening following the tariff announcements. We entered the year with our lowest leverage in a decade and substantial liquidity, which prepared us for the turbulent market environment. Looking ahead, we are equipped to navigate additional volatility with a strong balance sheet and active portfolio management. Importantly, we continue to see attractive returns across our three businesses and believe our diversified housing finance portfolio should allow us to deliver superior risk-adjusted returns over the long term."

(1) Total portfolio represents Annaly’s investments that are on-balance sheet as well as investments that are off-balance sheet in which Annaly has economic exposure. Agency assets include TBA purchase contracts (market value) of $6.6 billion. Residential Credit assets exclude assets transferred or pledged to securitization vehicles of $24.5 billion, include $2.5 billion of retained securities that are eliminated in consolidation and are shown net of participations issued totaling $1.7 billion. MSR assets include unsettled MSR commitments of $34 million. MSR commitments represent the market value of deals where Annaly has executed a letter of intent. There can be no assurance whether these deals will close or when they will close.
(2) Capital allocation for each of the investment strategies is calculated as the difference between each investment strategy’s allocated assets, which include TBA purchase contracts, and liabilities.
(3) Includes a $553 million whole loan securitization that priced in April 2025 and a $572 million whole loan securitization that priced in April 2025.
(4) Issuer ranking data from Inside Nonconforming Markets from 2024 to Q1 2025 (April 18, 2025 issue). Used with permission.
(5) Includes a $100 million upsize to an existing credit facility for Annaly’s Residential Credit business that closed in April 2025.
(6) Net of sales agent commissions and other offering expenses.









Financial Performance
The following table summarizes certain key performance indicators as of and for the quarters ended March 31, 2025, December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2024:
March 31, 2025
December 31, 2024
March 31, 2024
Book value per common share$19.02 $19.15 $19.73 
GAAP net income per average common share (1)
$0.15 $0.78 $0.85 
Annualized GAAP return on average equity (2)
4.04 %15.00 %16.29 %
GAAP leverage at period-end (3)
6.8:17.1:16.7:1
Net interest margin (4)
0.87 %0.75 %(0.03 %)
Average yield on interest earning assets (5)
5.18 %5.36 %4.88 %
Average GAAP cost of interest bearing liabilities (6)
4.77 %4.96 %5.40 %
Net interest spread0.41 %0.40 %(0.52 %)
Non-GAAP metrics *
Earnings available for distribution per average common share (1)
$0.72 $0.72 $0.64 
Annualized EAD return on average equity14.43 %14.27 %12.63 %
Economic leverage at period-end (3)
5.7:15.5:15.6:1
Net interest margin (excluding PAA) (4)
1.69 %1.71 %1.43 %
Average yield on interest earning assets (excluding PAA) (5)
5.23 %5.26 %4.87 %
Average economic cost of interest bearing liabilities (6)
3.88 %3.79 %3.78 %
Net interest spread (excluding PAA)1.35 %1.47 %1.09 %
* Represents a non-GAAP financial measure. Please refer to the "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section for additional information.
(1) Net of dividends on preferred stock.
(2) Annualized GAAP return on average equity annualizes realized and unrealized gains and (losses) which may not be indicative of full year performance, unannualized GAAP return on average equity is 1.01%, 3.75%, and 4.07% for the quarters ended March 31, 2025, December 31, 2024, and March 31, 2024, respectively.
(3) GAAP leverage is computed as the sum of repurchase agreements, other secured financing, debt issued by securitization vehicles, participations issued, and U.S. Treasury securities sold, not yet purchased divided by total equity. Economic leverage is computed as the sum of recourse debt, cost basis of to-be-announced ("TBA") derivatives outstanding, and net forward purchases (sales) of investments divided by total equity. Recourse debt consists of repurchase agreements, other secured financing, and US Treasury securities, sold, not yet purchased. Debt issued by securitization vehicles and participations issued are non-recourse to the Company and are excluded from economic leverage.
(4) Net interest margin represents interest income less interest expense divided by average Interest Earning Assets. Net interest margin does not include net interest component of interest rate swaps. Net interest margin (excluding PAA) represents the sum of interest income (excluding PAA) plus TBA dollar roll income and less economic interest expense divided by the sum of average Interest Earning Assets plus average outstanding TBA contract balances. PAA represents the cumulative impact on prior periods, but not the current period, of quarter-over-quarter changes in estimated long-term prepayment speeds related to the Company’s Agency mortgage-backed securities.
(5) Average yield on interest earning assets represents annualized interest income divided by average interest earning assets. Average interest earning assets reflects the average amortized cost of our investments during the period. Average yield on interest earning assets (excluding PAA) is calculated using annualized interest income (excluding PAA).
(6) Average GAAP cost of interest bearing liabilities represents annualized interest expense divided by average interest bearing liabilities. Average interest bearing liabilities reflects the average balances during the period. Average economic cost of interest bearing liabilities represents annualized economic interest expense divided by average interest bearing liabilities. Economic interest expense is comprised of GAAP interest expense, the net interest component of interest rate swaps, and, beginning with the quarter ended June 30, 2024, net interest on initial margin related to interest rate swaps, which is reported in Other, net in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Prior period results have not been adjusted in accordance with this change as the impact is not material. Net interest on variation margin related to interest rate swaps was previously and is currently included in the Net interest component of interest rate swaps in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for all periods presented.
2

Other Information
This news release and our public documents to which we refer contain or incorporate by reference certain forward-looking statements which are based on various assumptions (some of which are beyond our control) and may be identified by reference to a future period or periods or by the use of forward-looking terminology, such as "may," "will," "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "continue," or similar terms or variations on those terms or the negative of those terms. Such statements include those relating to the Company’s future performance, macro outlook, the interest rate and credit environments, tax reform and future opportunities. Actual results could differ materially from those set forth in forward-looking statements due to a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates; changes in the yield curve; changes in prepayment rates; the availability of mortgage-backed securities ("MBS") and other securities for purchase; the availability of financing and, if available, the terms of any financing; changes in the market value of the Company’s assets; changes in business conditions and the general economy; the Company’s ability to grow its residential credit business; the Company's ability to grow its mortgage servicing rights business; credit risks related to the Company’s investments in credit risk transfer securities and residential mortgage-backed securities and related residential mortgage credit assets; risks related to investments in mortgage servicing rights; the Company’s ability to consummate any contemplated investment opportunities; changes in government regulations or policy affecting the Company’s business; the Company’s ability to maintain its qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes; the Company’s ability to maintain its exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940; and operational risks or risk management failures by us or critical third parties, including cybersecurity incidents. For a discussion of the risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ from those contained in the forward-looking statements, see "Risk Factors" in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q. The Company does not undertake, and specifically disclaims any obligation, to publicly release the result of any revisions which may be made to any forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date of such statements, except as required by law.
Annaly is a leading diversified capital manager with investment strategies across mortgage finance. Annaly’s principal business objective is to generate net income for distribution to its stockholders and to optimize its returns through prudent management of its diversified investment strategies. Annaly is internally managed and has elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes. Additional information on the company can be found at www.annaly.com.
We use our website (www.annaly.com) and LinkedIn account (www.linkedin.com/company/annaly-capital-management) as channels of distribution of company information. The information we post through these channels may be deemed material. Accordingly, investors should monitor these channels, in addition to following our press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. In addition, you may automatically receive email alerts and other information about Annaly when you enroll your email address by visiting the "News & Insights" section of our website, then clicking on "Subscribe" and completing the email notification form. Our website, any alerts and social media channels are not incorporated by reference into, and are not a part of, this document.

The Company prepares an investor presentation and financial supplement for the benefit of its shareholders. Please refer to the investor presentation for definitions of both GAAP and non-GAAP measures used in this news release. Both the First Quarter 2025 Investor Presentation and the First Quarter 2025 Financial Supplement can be found at the Company’s website (www.annaly.com) in the "Investors" section under "Investor Presentations."
Conference Call
The Company will hold the first quarter 2025 earnings conference call on May 1, 2025 at 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time. Participants are encouraged to pre-register for the conference call to receive a unique PIN to gain immediate access to the call and bypass the live operator.  Pre-registration may be completed by accessing the pre-registration link found on the homepage or "Investors" section of the Company's website at www.annaly.com, or by using the following link: https://dpregister.com/sreg/10198242/fecf8eed42. Pre-registration may be completed at any time, including up to and after the call start time. 

For participants who would like to join the call but have not pre-registered, access is available by dialing 844-735-3317 within the U.S., or 412-317-5703 internationally, and requesting the "Annaly Earnings Call."
There will also be an audio webcast of the call on www.annaly.com. A replay of the call will be available for one week following the conference call. The replay number is 877-344-7529 for domestic calls and 412-317-0088 for international calls and the conference passcode is 506100. If you would like to be added to the e-mail distribution list, please visit www.annaly.com, click on News & Insights, then select Subscribe and complete the email notification form.



3

Financial Statements
ANNALY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
March 31, 2025
December 31, 2024 (1)
September 30,
2024		June 30,
2024		March 31, 2024
(unaudited)(unaudited)(unaudited)(unaudited)
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents$1,833,528 $1,488,027 $1,560,159 $1,587,108 $1,665,370 
Securities70,361,364 69,756,447 71,700,177 67,044,753 66,500,689 
Loans, net3,860,555 3,546,902 2,305,613 2,548,228 2,717,823 
Mortgage servicing rights3,272,902 2,909,134 2,693,057 2,785,614 2,651,279 
Assets transferred or pledged to securitization vehicles24,464,281 21,973,188 21,044,007 17,946,812 15,614,750 
Derivative assets67,257 225,351 59,071 187,868 203,799 
Receivable for unsettled trades2,523 2,201,447 766,341 320,659 941,366 
Principal and interest receivable836,946 1,069,038 1,060,991 917,130 867,348 
Intangible assets, net8,743 9,416 10,088 10,761 11,433 
Other assets407,247 377,434 316,491 319,644 309,689 
Total assets$105,115,346 $103,556,384 $101,515,995 $93,668,577 $91,483,546 
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Liabilities
Repurchase agreements$61,659,460 $65,688,923 $64,310,276 $60,787,994 $58,975,232 
Other secured financing900,000 750,000 600,000 600,000 600,000 
Debt issued by securitization vehicles21,802,193 19,540,678 18,709,118 15,831,915 13,690,967 
Participations issued1,748,273 1,154,816 467,006 1,144,821 1,161,323 
U.S. Treasury securities sold, not yet purchased2,519,125 2,470,629 2,043,519 1,974,602 2,077,404 
Derivative liabilities181,065 59,586 102,628 100,829 103,142 
Payable for unsettled trades2,304,774 308,282 1,885,286 1,096,271 2,556,798 
Interest payable285,858 268,317 276,397 369,106 350,405 
Dividends payable421,637 375,932 362,731 325,662 325,286 
Other liabilities208,453 242,269 219,085 174,473 146,876 
Total liabilities92,030,838 90,859,432 88,976,046 82,405,673 79,987,433 
Stockholders’ equity
Preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share (2)
1,536,569 1,536,569 1,536,569 1,536,569 1,536,569 
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share (3)
6,023 5,784 5,580 5,010 5,004 
Additional paid-in capital25,749,468 25,257,716 24,851,604 23,694,663 23,673,687 
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(787,402)(1,017,682)(712,203)(1,156,927)(1,281,918)
Accumulated deficit (13,509,942)(13,173,146)(13,238,288)(12,898,191)(12,523,809)
Total stockholders’ equity12,994,716 12,609,241 12,443,262 11,181,124 11,409,533 
Noncontrolling interests89,792 87,711 96,687 81,780 86,580 
Total equity13,084,508 12,696,952 12,539,949 11,262,904 11,496,113 
Total liabilities and equity$105,115,346 $103,556,384 $101,515,995 $93,668,577 $91,483,546 
(1) Derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2024.
(2) 6.95% Series F Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock - Includes 28,800,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding. 6.50% Series G Fixed-to-Floating Rate Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock - Includes 17,000,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding. 6.75% Series I Preferred Stock - Includes 17,700,000 shares authorized, issued and outstanding.
(3) Includes 1,468,250,000 shares authorized. Includes 602,338,286 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2025, 578,357,118 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2024, 558,047,743 at September 30, 2024, 501,018,415 shares issued and outstanding at June 30, 2024, 500,440,023 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024.






4

ANNALY CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
(Unaudited)
For the quarters ended
March 31, 2025December 31,
2024		September 30,
2024		June 30,
2024		March 31,
2024
Net interest income
Interest income$1,317,108 $1,338,880 $1,229,341 $1,177,325 $1,094,488 
Interest expense1,097,137 1,151,592 1,215,940 1,123,767 1,100,939 
Net interest income219,971 187,288 13,401 53,558 (6,451)
Net servicing income
Servicing and related income140,435 127,224 122,583 120,515 115,084 
Servicing and related expense14,113 11,648 12,988 12,617 12,216 
Net servicing income126,322 115,576 109,595 107,898 102,868 
Other income (loss)
Net gains (losses) on investments and other810,812 (2,010,426)1,723,713 (568,745)(994,127)
Net gains (losses) on derivatives(977,867)2,215,680 (1,754,010)430,487 1,377,144 
Other, net7,398 19,339 27,438 24,791 23,367 
Total other income (loss)(159,657)224,593 (2,859)(113,467)406,384 
General and administrative expenses
Compensation expense37,297 33,955 34,453 33,274 28,721 
Other general and administrative expenses10,767 10,019 9,468 11,617 9,849 
Total general and administrative expenses48,064 43,974 43,921 44,891 38,570 
Income (loss) before income taxes138,572 483,483 76,216 3,098 464,231 
Income taxes8,267 10,407 (6,135)11,931 (943)
Net income (loss)130,305 473,076 82,351 (8,833)465,174 
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests6,081 (8,976)15,906 650 2,282 
Net income (loss) attributable to Annaly124,224 482,052 66,445 (9,483)462,892 
Dividends on preferred stock37,157 38,704 41,628 37,158 37,061 
Net income (loss) available (related) to common stockholders$87,067 $443,348 $24,817 $(46,641)$425,831 
Net income (loss) per share available (related) to common stockholders
Basic$0.15 $0.78 $0.05 $(0.09)$0.85 
Diluted$0.15 $0.78 $0.05 $(0.09)$0.85 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding
Basic587,149,704 569,201,592 515,729,658 500,950,563 500,612,840 
Diluted588,420,998 570,651,985 516,832,152 500,950,563 501,182,043 
Other comprehensive income (loss)
Net income (loss) $130,305 $473,076 $82,351 $(8,833)$465,174 
Unrealized gains (losses) on available-for-sale securities164,877 (337,121)428,955 (54,243)(281,869)
Reclassification adjustment for net (gains) losses included in net income (loss)65,403 31,642 15,769 179,234 335,351 
Other comprehensive income (loss)230,280 (305,479)444,724 124,991 53,482 
Comprehensive income (loss)360,585 167,597 527,075 116,158 518,656 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests6,081 (8,976)15,906 650 2,282 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Annaly354,504 176,573 511,169 115,508 516,374 
Dividends on preferred stock37,157 38,704 41,628 37,158 37,061 
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders$317,347 $137,869 $469,541 $78,350 $479,313 













\
5

Key Financial Data
The following table presents key metrics of the Company’s portfolio, liabilities and hedging positions, and performance as of and for the quarters ended March 31, 2025, December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2024:
March 31, 2025December 31, 2024March 31, 2024
Portfolio related metrics
Fixed-rate Residential Securities as a percentage of total Residential Securities99 %98 %98 %
Adjustable-rate and floating-rate Residential Securities as a percentage of total Residential Securities1 %2 %2 %
Weighted average experienced CPR for the period7.1 %8.7 %6.0 %
Weighted average projected long-term CPR at period-end9.5 %8.6 %8.9 %
Liabilities and hedging metrics
Weighted average days to maturity on repurchase agreements outstanding at period-end503243
Hedge ratio (1)
95 %100 %97 %
Weighted average pay rate on interest rate swaps at period-end (2)
2.98 %3.11 %3.20 %
Weighted average receive rate on interest rate swaps at period-end (2)
4.43 %4.50 %5.26 %
Weighted average net rate on interest rate swaps at period-end (2)
(1.45 %)(1.39 %)(2.06 %)
GAAP leverage at period-end (3)
6.8:17.1:16.7:1
GAAP capital ratio at period-end (4)
12.4 %12.3 %12.6 %
Performance related metrics
Book value per common share$19.02 $19.15 $19.73 
GAAP net income per average common share(5)
$0.15 $0.78 $0.85 
Annualized GAAP return on average equity(6)
4.04 %15.00 %16.29 %
Net interest margin (7)
0.87 %0.75 %(0.03 %)
Average yield on interest earning assets (8)
5.18 %5.36 %4.88 %
Average GAAP cost of interest bearing liabilities (9)
4.77 %4.96 %5.40 %
Net interest spread0.41 %0.40 %(0.52 %)
Dividend declared per common share$0.70 $0.65 $0.65 
Annualized dividend yield (10)
13.79 %14.21 %13.20 %
Non-GAAP metrics *
Earnings available for distribution per average common share (5)
$0.72 $0.72 $0.64 
Annualized EAD return on average equity (excluding PAA)14.43 %14.27 %12.63 %
Economic leverage at period-end (3)
5.7:15.5:15.6:1
Economic capital ratio at period end (4)
14.6 %14.6 %14.6 %
Net interest margin (excluding PAA) (7)
1.69 %1.71 %1.43 %
Average yield on interest earning assets (excluding PAA) (8)
5.23 %5.26 %4.87 %
Average economic cost of interest bearing liabilities (9)
3.88 %3.79 %3.78 %
Net interest spread (excluding PAA)1.35 %1.47 %1.09 %
* Represents a non-GAAP financial measure. Please refer to the "Non-GAAP Financial Measures" section for additional information.
(1) Measures total notional balances of interest rate swaps, interest rate swaptions (excluding receiver swaptions), futures and U.S. Treasury securities sold, not yet purchased, relative to repurchase agreements, other secured financing, cost basis of TBA derivatives outstanding and net forward purchases (sales) of investments; excludes MSR and the effects of term financing, both of which serve to reduce interest rate risk. Additionally, the hedge ratio does not take into consideration differences in duration between assets and liabilities.
(2) Excludes forward starting swaps.
(3) GAAP leverage is computed as the sum of repurchase agreements, other secured financing, debt issued by securitization vehicles, participations issued, and U.S. Treasury securities sold, not yet purchased divided by total equity. Economic leverage is computed as the sum of recourse debt, cost basis of to-be-announced ("TBA") derivatives outstanding, and net forward purchases (sales) of investments divided by total equity. Recourse debt consists of repurchase agreements, other secured financing, and U.S. Treasury securities sold, not yet purchased. Debt issued by securitization vehicles and participations issued are non-recourse to the Company and are excluded from economic leverage.
(4) GAAP capital ratio is computed as total equity divided by total assets. Economic capital ratio is computed as total equity divided by total economic assets. Total economic assets include the implied market value of TBA derivatives and are net of debt issued by securitization vehicles.
(5) Net of dividends on preferred stock.
(6) Annualized GAAP return on average equity annualizes realized and unrealized gains and (losses) which may not be indicative of full year performance, unannualized GAAP return on average equity is 1.01%, 3.75% and 4.07% for the quarters ended March 31, 2025, December 31, 2024, and March 31, 2024, respectively.
(7) Net interest margin represents interest income less interest expense divided by average interest earning assets. Net interest margin does not include net interest component of interest rate swaps. Net interest margin (excluding PAA) represents the sum of interest income (excluding PAA) plus TBA dollar roll income less economic interest expense divided by the sum of average interest earning assets plus average TBA contract balances.
(8) Average yield on interest earning assets represents annualized interest income divided by average interest earning assets. Average interest earning assets reflects the average amortized cost of our investments during the period. Average yield on interest earning assets (excluding PAA) is calculated using annualized interest income (excluding PAA).
(9) Average GAAP cost of interest bearing liabilities represents annualized interest expense divided by average interest bearing liabilities. Average interest bearing liabilities reflects the average balances during the period. Average economic cost of interest bearing liabilities represents annualized economic interest expense divided by average interest bearing liabilities. Economic interest expense is comprised of GAAP interest expense, the net interest component of interest rate swaps, and, beginning with the quarter ended June 30, 2024, net interest on initial margin related to interest rate swaps, which is reported in Other, net in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). Prior period results have not been adjusted in accordance with this change as the impact is not material. Net interest on variation margin related to interest rate swaps was previously and is currently included in the Net interest component of interest rate swaps in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for all periods presented.
(10) Based on the closing price of the Company’s common stock of $20.31, $18.30 and $19.69 at March 31, 2025, December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2024, respectively.
6

The following table contains additional information on our investment portfolio as of the dates presented:
For the quarters ended
 March 31, 2025December 31, 2024March 31, 2024
Agency mortgage-backed securities$68,329,720 $67,434,068 $63,542,230 
Residential credit risk transfer securities521,059 754,915 871,421 
Non-agency mortgage-backed securities1,451,524 1,493,186 1,933,910 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities59,061 74,278 153,128 
Total securities$70,361,364 $69,756,447 $66,500,689 
Residential mortgage loans$3,860,555 $3,546,902 $2,717,823 
Total loans, net$3,860,555 $3,546,902 $2,717,823 
Mortgage servicing rights$3,272,902 $2,909,134 $2,651,279 
Residential mortgage loans transferred or pledged to securitization vehicles$24,464,281 $21,973,188 $15,614,750 
Assets transferred or pledged to securitization vehicles$24,464,281 $21,973,188 $15,614,750 
Total investment portfolio$101,959,102 $98,185,671 $87,484,541 


Non-GAAP Financial Measures
To supplement its consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"), the Company provides the following non-GAAP measures:
•earnings available for distribution ("EAD");
•earnings available for distribution attributable to common stockholders;
•earnings available for distribution per average common share;
•annualized EAD return on average equity;
•economic leverage;
•economic capital ratio;
•interest income (excluding PAA);
•economic interest expense;
•economic net interest income (excluding PAA);
•average yield on interest earning assets (excluding PAA);
•average economic cost of interest bearing liabilities;
•net interest margin (excluding PAA); and
•net interest spread (excluding PAA).

These measures should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures computed in accordance with GAAP. While intended to offer a fuller understanding of the Company’s results and operations, non-GAAP financial measures also have limitations. For example, the Company may calculate its non-GAAP metrics, such as earnings available for distribution, or the PAA, differently than its peers making comparative analysis difficult. Additionally, in the case of non-GAAP measures that exclude the PAA, the amount of amortization expense excluding the PAA is not necessarily representative of the amount of future periodic amortization nor is it indicative of the term over which the Company will amortize the remaining unamortized premium. Changes to actual and estimated prepayments will impact the timing and amount of premium amortization and, as such, both GAAP and non-GAAP results.
These non-GAAP measures provide additional detail to enhance investor understanding of the Company’s period-over-period operating performance and business trends, as well as for assessing the Company’s performance versus that of industry peers. Additional information pertaining to the Company’s use of these non-GAAP financial measures, including discussion of how each such measure may be useful to investors, and reconciliations to their most directly comparable GAAP results are provided below.
Earnings available for distribution, earnings available for distribution attributable to common stockholders, earnings available for distribution per average common share and annualized EAD return on average equity
The Company's principal business objective is to generate net income for distribution to its stockholders and to preserve capital through prudent selection of investments and continuous management of its portfolio. The Company generates net income by earning a net interest spread on its investment portfolio, which is a function of interest income from its investment portfolio less financing, hedging and operating costs.  Earnings available for distribution, which is defined as the sum of (a) economic net interest income, (b) TBA dollar roll income, (c) net servicing income less realized amortization of MSR, (d) other income (loss) (excluding amortization of intangibles, non-EAD income allocated to equity method investments and other non-EAD components of other income (loss)), (e) general and administrative expenses (excluding transaction expenses and non-recurring items), and (f) income taxes (excluding the income tax effect of non-EAD income (loss) items) and excludes (g) the premium amortization adjustment ("PAA") representing the cumulative impact on prior periods, but not the current period, of quarter-over-quarter changes in estimated long-term prepayment speeds related to the Company’s Agency mortgage-backed securities is used by the Company's management and, the Company believes, used by analysts and investors to measure its progress in achieving its principal business objective.
The Company seeks to fulfill this objective through a variety of factors including portfolio construction, the degree of market risk exposure and related hedge profile, and the use and forms of leverage, all while operating within the parameters of the Company's capital allocation policy and risk governance framework.
7

The Company believes these non-GAAP measures provide management and investors with additional details regarding the Company’s underlying operating results and investment portfolio trends by (i) making adjustments to account for the disparate reporting of changes in fair value where certain instruments are reflected in GAAP net income (loss) while others are reflected in other comprehensive income (loss) and (ii) by excluding certain unrealized, non-cash or episodic components of GAAP net income (loss) in order to provide additional transparency into the operating performance of the Company’s portfolio. In addition, EAD serves as a useful indicator for investors in evaluating the Company's performance and ability to pay dividends. Annualized EAD return on average equity, which is calculated by dividing earnings available for distribution over average stockholders’ equity, provides investors with additional detail on the earnings available for distribution generated by the Company’s invested equity capital.
The following table presents a reconciliation of GAAP financial results to non-GAAP earnings available for distribution for the periods presented:
For the quarters ended
March 31, 2025December 31, 2024March 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands, except per share data)
GAAP net income (loss)$130,305 $473,076 $465,174 
Adjustments to exclude reported realized and unrealized (gains) losses
Net (gains) losses on investments and other (1)
(810,970)2,010,664 994,120 
Net (gains) losses on derivatives (2)
1,169,412 (1,958,777)(1,046,995)
Other adjustments
Amortization of intangibles673 671 673 
Non-EAD (income) loss allocated to equity method investments (3)
147 (652)216 
Transaction expenses and non-recurring items (4)
6,782 6,251 3,737 
Income tax effect of non-EAD income (loss) items7,355 5,594 (2,918)
TBA dollar roll income (5)
11,275 2,086 1,375 
MSR amortization (6)
(62,433)(64,497)(50,621)
EAD attributable to noncontrolling interests(2,985)(2,114)(3,786)
Premium amortization adjustment cost (benefit)12,296 (25,287)(3,013)
Earnings available for distribution *
461,857 447,015 357,962 
Dividends on preferred stock37,157 38,704 37,061 
Earnings available for distribution attributable to common stockholders *
$424,700 $408,311 $320,901 
GAAP net income (loss) per average common share$0.15 $0.78 $0.85 
Earnings available for distribution per average common share *
$0.72 $0.72 $0.64 
Annualized GAAP return (loss) on average equity (7)
4.04 %15.00 %16.29 %
Annualized EAD return on average equity *14.43 %14.27 %12.63 %
* Represents a non-GAAP financial measure.
(1) Includes write-downs or recoveries on investments which are reported in Other, net in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).
(2) The adjustment to add back Net (gains) losses on derivatives does not include the net interest component of interest rate swaps which is reflected in earnings available for distribution. The net interest component of interest rate swaps totaled $191.5 million, $256.9 million and $330.1 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2025, December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2024, respectively.
(3) The Company excludes non-EAD (income) loss allocated to equity method investments, which represents the unrealized (gains) losses allocated to equity interests in a portfolio of MSR, which is a component of Other, net.
(4) Represents costs incurred in connection with securitizations of residential whole loans.
(5) TBA dollar roll income represents a component of Net gains (losses) on derivatives.
(6) MSR amortization utilizes purchase date cash flow assumptions and actual unpaid principal balances and is calculated as the difference between projected MSR yield income and net servicing income for the period.
(7) Annualized GAAP return (loss) on average equity annualizes realized and unrealized gains and (losses) which may not be indicative of full year performance, unannualized GAAP return (loss) on average equity is 1.01%, 3.75%, and 4.07% for the quarters ended March 31, 2025, December 31, 2024, and March 31, 2024, respectively.
From time to time, the Company enters into TBA forward contracts as an alternate means of investing in and financing Agency mortgage-backed securities. A TBA contract is an agreement to purchase or sell, for future delivery, an Agency mortgage-backed security with a specified issuer, term and coupon. A TBA dollar roll represents a transaction where TBA contracts with the same terms but different settlement dates are simultaneously bought and sold. The TBA contract settling in the later month typically prices at a discount to the earlier month contract with the difference in price commonly referred to as the "drop". The drop is a reflection of the expected net interest income from an investment in similar Agency mortgage-backed securities, net of an implied financing cost, that would be foregone as a result of settling the contract in the later month rather than in the earlier month. The drop between the current settlement month price and the forward settlement month price occurs because in the TBA dollar roll market, the party providing the financing is the party that would retain all principal and interest payments accrued during the financing period. Accordingly, TBA dollar roll income generally represents the economic equivalent of the net interest income earned on the underlying Agency mortgage-backed security less an implied financing cost.
TBA dollar roll transactions are accounted for under GAAP as a series of derivatives transactions. The fair value of TBA derivatives is based on methods similar to those used to value Agency mortgage-backed securities. The Company records TBA derivatives at fair
8

value on its Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and recognizes periodic changes in fair value in Net gains (losses) on derivatives in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), which includes both unrealized and realized gains and losses on derivatives.
TBA dollar roll income is calculated as the difference in price between two TBA contracts with the same terms but different settlement dates multiplied by the notional amount of the TBA contract. Although accounted for as derivatives, TBA dollar rolls capture the economic equivalent of net interest income, or carry, on the underlying Agency mortgage-backed security (interest income less an implied cost of financing). TBA dollar roll income is reported as a component of Net gains (losses) on derivatives in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).
Premium Amortization Expense
In accordance with GAAP, the Company amortizes or accretes premiums or discounts into interest income for its Agency mortgage-backed securities, excluding interest-only securities, multifamily and reverse mortgages, taking into account estimates of future principal prepayments in the calculation of the effective yield. The Company recalculates the effective yield as differences between anticipated and actual prepayments occur. Using third-party model and market information to project future cash flows and expected remaining lives of securities, the effective interest rate determined for each security is applied as if it had been in place from the date of the security’s acquisition. The amortized cost of the security is then adjusted to the amount that would have existed had the new effective yield been applied since the acquisition date. The adjustment to amortized cost is offset with a charge or credit to interest income. Changes in interest rates and other market factors will impact prepayment speed projections and the amount of premium amortization recognized in any given period.
The Company’s GAAP metrics include the unadjusted impact of amortization and accretion associated with this method. Certain of the Company’s non-GAAP metrics exclude the effect of the PAA, which quantifies the component of premium amortization representing the cumulative impact on prior periods, but not the current period, of quarter-over-quarter changes in estimated long-term CPR.
The following table illustrates the impact of the PAA on premium amortization expense for the Company’s Residential Securities portfolio and residential securities transferred or pledged to securitization vehicles, for the quarters ended March 31, 2025, December 31, 2024 and March 31, 2024:
For the quarters ended
March 31, 2025December 31, 2024March 31, 2024
(dollars in thousands)
Premium amortization expense (accretion)$57,412 $8,196 $26,732 
Less: PAA cost (benefit)12,296 (25,287)(3,013)
Premium amortization expense (excluding PAA)$45,116 $33,483 $29,745 
Economic leverage and economic capital ratios
The Company uses capital coupled with borrowed funds to invest primarily in real estate related investments, earning the spread between the yield on its assets and the cost of its borrowings and hedging activities. The Company’s capital structure is designed to offer an efficient complement of funding sources to generate positive risk-adjusted returns for its stockholders while maintaining appropriate liquidity to support its business and meet the Company’s financial obligations under periods of market stress. To maintain its desired capital profile, the Company utilizes a mix of debt and equity funding. Debt funding may include the use of repurchase agreements, loans, securitizations, participations issued, lines of credit, asset backed lending facilities, corporate bond issuance, convertible bonds or other liabilities. Equity capital primarily consists of common and preferred stock.
The Company’s economic leverage ratio is computed as the sum of recourse debt, cost basis of TBA derivatives outstanding, and net forward purchases (sales) of investments divided by total equity. Recourse debt consists of repurchase agreements, other secured financing, and U.S. Treasury securities sold, not yet purchased. Debt issued by securitization vehicles and participations issued are non-recourse to the Company and are excluded from economic leverage.
The following table presents a reconciliation of GAAP debt to economic debt for purposes of calculating the Company’s economic leverage ratio for the periods presented:
9

As of
March 31, 2025December 31, 2024March 31, 2024
Economic leverage ratio reconciliation
(dollars in thousands)
Repurchase agreements
$61,659,460 $65,688,923 $58,975,232 
Other secured financing
900,000 750,000 600,000 
Debt issued by securitization vehicles
21,802,193 19,540,678 13,690,967 
Participations issued
1,748,273 1,154,816 1,161,323 
U.S Treasury securities sold, not yet purchased2,519,125 2,470,629 2,077,404 
Total GAAP debt
$88,629,051 $89,605,046 $76,504,926 
Less Non-recourse debt:
Debt issued by securitization vehicles
$(21,802,193)$(19,540,678)$(13,690,967)
Participations issued
(1,748,273)(1,154,816)(1,161,323)
Total recourse debt$65,078,585 $68,909,552 $61,652,636 
Plus / (Less):
Cost basis of TBA derivatives
$6,612,755 $3,158,058 $1,136,788 
Payable for unsettled trades2,304,774 308,282 2,556,798 
Receivable for unsettled trades(2,523)(2,201,447)(941,366)
Economic debt *
$73,993,591 $70,174,445 $64,404,856 
Total equity
$13,084,508 $12,696,952 $11,496,113 
Economic leverage ratio *
5.7:15.5:15.6:1
* Represents a non-GAAP financial measure.

The following table presents a reconciliation of GAAP total assets to economic total assets for purposes of calculating the Company’s economic capital ratio for the periods presented:
As of
March 31, 2025December 31, 2024March 31, 2024
Economic capital ratio reconciliation
(dollars in thousands)
Total GAAP assets
$105,115,346 $103,556,384 $91,483,546 
Less:
Gross unrealized gains on TBA derivatives (1)
(35,095)(8,635)(7,220)
Debt issued by securitization vehicles
(21,802,193)(19,540,678)(13,690,967)
Plus:
Implied market value of TBA derivatives
6,635,383 3,136,154 1,133,305 
Total economic assets *
$89,913,441 $87,143,225 $78,918,664 
Total equity
$13,084,508 $12,696,952 $11,496,113 
Economic capital ratio *
14.6%14.6%14.6%
* Represents a non-GAAP financial measure.
(1) Included in Derivative assets in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Interest income (excluding PAA), economic interest expense and economic net interest income (excluding PAA)
Interest income (excluding PAA) represents interest income excluding the effect of the PAA, and serves as the basis for deriving average yield on interest earning assets (excluding PAA), net interest spread (excluding PAA) and net interest margin (excluding PAA), which are discussed below. The Company believes this measure provides management and investors with additional detail to enhance their understanding of the Company’s operating results and trends by excluding the component of premium amortization expense representing the cumulative impact on prior periods, but not the current period, of quarter-over-quarter changes in estimated long-term prepayment speeds related to the Company’s Agency mortgage-backed securities (other than interest-only securities, multifamily and reverse mortgages), which can obscure underlying trends in the performance of the portfolio.
Economic interest expense includes GAAP interest expense, the net interest component of interest rate swaps (which includes net interest on variation margin related to interest rate swaps) and net interest on initial margin related to interest rate swaps, which is reported in Other, net in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss). The Company uses interest rate swaps to manage its exposure to changing interest rates on its repurchase agreements by economically hedging cash flows associated with these borrowings. Accordingly, adding the net interest component of interest rate swaps to interest expense, as computed in accordance with GAAP, reflects the total contractual interest expense and thus, provides investors with additional information about the cost of the Company's financing strategy. The Company may use market agreed coupon ("MAC") interest rate swaps in which the Company may receive or make a payment at the time of entering into such interest rate swap to compensate for the off-market nature of such interest rate swap. In accordance with GAAP, upfront payments associated with MAC interest rate swaps are not reflected in the net interest component of interest rate swaps in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).
10

Similarly, economic net interest income (excluding PAA), as computed below, provides investors with additional information to enhance their understanding of the net economics of our primary business operations.
For the quarters ended
March 31, 2025December 31, 2024March 31, 2024
Interest income (excluding PAA) reconciliation(dollars in thousands)
GAAP interest income$1,317,108 $1,338,880 $1,094,488 
Premium amortization adjustment12,296 (25,287)(3,013)
Interest income (excluding PAA) *$1,329,404 $1,313,593 $1,091,475 
Economic interest expense reconciliation
GAAP interest expense$1,097,137 $1,151,592 $1,100,939 
Add:
Net interest component of interest rate swaps and net interest on initial margin related to interest rate swaps (1)
(204,389)(272,305)(330,149)
Economic interest expense *$892,748 $879,287 $770,790 
Economic net interest income (excluding PAA) reconciliation
Interest income (excluding PAA) *$1,329,404 $1,313,593 $1,091,475 
Less:
Economic interest expense *892,748 879,287 770,790 
Economic net interest income (excluding PAA) *$436,656 $434,306 $320,685 
* Represents a non-GAAP financial measure.
(1) Interest on initial margin related to interest rate swaps is reported in Other, net in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss).

Average yield on interest earning assets (excluding PAA), net interest spread (excluding PAA), net interest margin (excluding PAA) and average economic cost of interest bearing liabilities
Net interest spread (excluding PAA), which is the difference between the average yield on interest earning assets (excluding PAA) and the average economic cost of interest bearing liabilities, which represents annualized economic interest expense divided by average interest bearing liabilities, and net interest margin (excluding PAA), which is calculated as the sum of interest income (excluding PAA) plus TBA dollar roll income less economic interest expense divided by the sum of average interest earning assets plus average TBA contract balances, provide management with additional measures of the Company’s profitability that management relies upon in monitoring the performance of the business.
Disclosure of these measures, which are presented below, provides investors with additional detail regarding how management evaluates the Company’s performance.
For the quarters ended
March 31, 2025December 31, 2024March 31, 2024
Economic metrics (excluding PAA)(dollars in thousands)
Average interest earning assets$101,631,610 $99,876,810 $89,738,726 
Interest income (excluding PAA) *$1,329,404 $1,313,593 $1,091,475 
Average yield on interest earning assets (excluding PAA) *5.23 %5.26 %4.87 %
Average interest bearing liabilities$92,001,700 $90,773,953 $80,682,111 
Economic interest expense *$892,748 $879,287 $770,790 
Average economic cost of interest bearing liabilities *3.88 %3.79 %3.78 %
Economic net interest income (excluding PAA) *$436,656 $434,306 $320,685 
Net interest spread (excluding PAA) *1.35 %1.47 %1.09 %
Interest income (excluding PAA) *$1,329,404 $1,313,593 $1,091,475 
TBA dollar roll income11,275 2,086 1,375 
Economic interest expense *(892,748)(879,287)(770,790)
Subtotal$447,931 $436,392 $322,060 
Average interest earnings assets$101,631,610 $99,876,810 $89,738,726 
Average TBA contract balances4,625,212 2,013,666 149,590 
Subtotal$106,256,822 $101,890,476 $89,888,316 
Net interest margin (excluding PAA) *1.69 %1.71 %1.43 %
* Represents a non-GAAP financial measure.
11