PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC.

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)




[ ✓ ]	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

	For the quarterly period ended	March 31, 2025

[ ]	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

	For the transition period from ________________ to _________________

Commission File Number 000-28304

PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware	33-0704889
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

3756 Central Avenue, Riverside, California 92506

(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

(951) 686-6060

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

_________________________________________________________

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share	PROV	The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ⌧ Yes ◻ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ⌧ Yes ◻ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ◻	Accelerated filer ◻
Non-accelerated filer ⌧	Smaller reporting company ⌧
	Emerging growth company ◻

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

◻ Yes ⌧ No

APPLICABLE ONLY TO CORPORATE ISSUERS

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date. As of April 30, 2025, there were 6,621,150 shares of the registrant's common stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.

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PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC.

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PART 1 -	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	Page

ITEM 1 -	Financial Statements. The Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Provident Financial Holdings, Inc. filed as a part of the report are as follows:

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Quarters and Nine Months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Quarters and Nine Months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the Quarters and Nine Months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	6
	Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	7

ITEM 2 -	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations:

	General	40
	Safe-Harbor Statement	41
	Critical Accounting Estimates	42
	Executive Summary and Operating Strategy	43
	Commitments and Derivative Financial Instruments	44
	Comparison of Financial Condition at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024	44
	Comparison of Operating Results for the Quarters and Nine Months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024	46
	Asset Quality	57
	Loan Volume Activities	59
	Liquidity and Capital Resources	59
	Supplemental Information	61

ITEM 3 -	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	62

ITEM 4 -	Controls and Procedures	66

PART II -	OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1 -	Legal Proceedings	66
ITEM 1A -	Risk Factors	67
ITEM 2 -	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	67
ITEM 3 -	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	67
ITEM 4 -	Mine Safety Disclosures	67
ITEM 5 -	Other Information	68
ITEM 6 -	Exhibits	68

SIGNATURES		69

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PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition

(Unaudited)

In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Information


	March 31,		June 30,
	2025		2024
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	50,915	$	51,376
Investment securities - held to maturity, at cost with no allowance for credit losses		113,617		130,051
Investment securities - available for sale, at fair value		1,681		1,849
Loans held for investment, net of allowance for credit losses of $6.6 million and $7.1 million, respectively; includes $1.0 million and $1.0 million of loans held at fair value, respectively; $731.2 million and $861.1 million pledged to Federal Home Loan Bank ("FHLB") - San Francisco, respectively; $232.6 million and $178.6 million pledged to Federal Reserve Bank ("FRB") - San Francisco, respectively		1,058,980		1,052,979
Accrued interest receivable		4,263		4,287
FHLB - San Francisco stock and other equity investments, includes $721 and $540 of other equity investments at fair value, respectively		10,289		10,108
Premises and equipment, net		9,388		9,313
Prepaid expenses and other assets		11,047		12,237

Total assets	$	1,260,180	$	1,272,200

Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity

Liabilities:
Noninterest-bearing deposits	$	89,103	$	95,627
Interest-bearing deposits		812,216		792,721
Total deposits		901,319		888,348

Borrowings		215,580		238,500
Accounts payable, accrued interest and other liabilities		14,406		15,411
Total liabilities		1,131,305		1,142,259

Commitments and Contingencies (Notes 6 and 9)

Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value (2,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding)		—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value, (40,000,000 and 40,000,000 shares authorized, 18,229,615 and 18,229,615 shares issued, and 6,653,822 and 6,847,821 shares outstanding, respectively)		183		183
Additional paid-in capital		99,096		98,532
Retained earnings		211,701		209,914
Treasury stock at cost (11,575,793 and 11,381,794 shares, respectively)		(182,121)		(178,685)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		16		(3)

Total stockholders’ equity		128,875		129,941

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,260,180	$	1,272,200

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

In Thousands, Except Per Share Information


	Quarter Ended				Nine Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Interest income:
Loans receivable, net	$	13,368	$	12,683	$	39,441	$	37,368
Investment securities		459		517		1,412		1,565
FHLB - San Francisco stock and other equity investments		213		210		636		586
Interest-earning deposits		389		397		1,036		1,295
Total interest income		14,429		13,807		42,525		40,814

Interest expense:
Checking and money market deposits		46		90		150		219
Savings deposits		127		97		356		208
Time deposits		2,573		2,488		7,738		6,406
Borrowings		2,471		2,573		7,694		7,509
Total interest expense		5,217		5,248		15,938		14,342

Net interest income		9,212		8,559		26,587		26,472
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses		(391)		124		(502)		(51)
Net interest income, after (recovery of) provision for credit losses		9,603		8,435		27,089		26,523

Non-interest income:
Loan servicing and other fees		135		92		299		195
Deposit account fees		276		289		856		876
Card and processing fees		291		317		911		1,003
Other		205		150		585		400
Total non-interest income		907		848		2,651		2,474

Non-interest expense:
Salaries and employee benefits		4,776		4,540		14,235		13,223
Premises and occupancy		880		835		2,748		2,641
Equipment		417		329		1,139		962
Professional		386		321		1,224		1,203
Sales and marketing		181		167		541		516
Deposit insurance premium and regulatory assessments		195		190		568		596
Other		1,021		786		2,718		2,227
Total non-interest expense		7,856		7,168		23,173		21,368

Income before income taxes		2,654		2,115		6,567		7,629
Provision for income taxes		797		620		1,938		2,231
Net income	$	1,857	$	1,495	$	4,629	$	5,398

Basic earnings per share	$	0.28	$	0.22	$	0.69	$	0.77
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.28	$	0.22	$	0.68	$	0.77

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)

In Thousands


	For the Quarter Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
Net income	$	1,857	$	1,495	$	4,629	$	5,398

Change in unrealized holding income (loss) on securities available for sale and interest-only strips		1		(1)		27		43
Income tax expense		—		—		(8)		(13)
Other comprehensive income (loss)		1		(1)		19		30
Total comprehensive income	$	1,858	$	1,494	$	4,648	$	5,428

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity

(Unaudited)

In Thousands, Except Share and Per Share Information

For the Quarters Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:


										Accumulated
										Other
	Common			Additional						Comprehensive
	Stock			Paid-In		Retained		Treasury		Income,
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Stock		Net of Tax		Total
Balance at December 31, 2024	6,705,691	$	183	$	98,747	$	210,779	$	(181,094)	$	15	$	128,630

Net income							1,857						1,857
Other comprehensive income											1		1
Purchase of treasury stock	(51,869)								(801)				(801)
Forfeiture of restricted stock					226				(226)				—
Amortization of restricted stock					105								105
Stock options expense					18								18
Cash dividends⁽¹⁾							(935)						(935)

Balance at March 31, 2025	6,653,822	$	183	$	99,096	$	211,701	$	(182,121)	$	16	$	128,875

(1)	Cash dividends of $0.14 per share were paid in the quarter ended March 31, 2025.


										Accumulated
										Other
	Common			Additional						Comprehensive
	Stock			Paid-In		Retained		Treasury		Loss,
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Stock		Net of Tax		Total
Balance at December 31, 2023	6,946,348	$	183	$	99,565	$	208,396	$	(178,476)	$	(7)	$	129,661

Net income							1,495						1,495
Other comprehensive loss											(1)		(1)
Purchase of treasury stock	(50,051)								(707)				(707)
Amortization of restricted stock					35								35
Stock options expense					6								6
Tax effect from stock based compensation					(15)								(15)
Cash dividends⁽¹⁾							(968)						(968)

Balance at March 31, 2024	6,896,297	$	183	$	99,591	$	208,923	$	(179,183)	$	(8)	$	129,506

(1)	Cash dividends of $0.14 per share were paid in the quarter ended March 31, 2024.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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For the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:


										Accumulated
										Other
	Common			Additional						Comprehensive
	Stock			Paid-In		Retained		Treasury		(Loss) Income,
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Stock		Net of Tax		Total
Balance at June 30, 2024	6,847,821	$	183	$	98,532	$	209,914	$	(178,685)	$	(3)	$	129,941

Net income							4,629						4,629
Other comprehensive income											19		19
Purchase of treasury stock⁽¹⁾	(217,824)								(3,295)				(3,295)
Distribution of restricted stock	23,825												—
Awards of restricted stock					(91)				91				—
Forfeiture of restricted stock					232				(232)				—
Amortization of restricted stock					371								371
Stock options expense					52								52
Cash dividends⁽²⁾							(2,842)						(2,842)

Balance at March 31, 2025	6,653,822	$	183	$	99,096	$	211,701	$	(182,121)	$	16	$	128,875

(1)	Includes 8,758 shares acquired upon vesting of restricted stock in settlement of employees' withholding tax obligations.

(2)	Cash dividends of $0.42 per share were paid in the nine month ended March 31, 2025.


										Accumulated
										Other
	Common			Additional						Comprehensive
	Stock			Paid-In		Retained		Treasury		(Loss) Income ,
	Shares	Amount		Capital		Earnings		Stock		Net of Tax		Total
Balance at June 30, 2023	7,043,170	$	183	$	99,505	$	207,274	$	(177,237)	$	(38)	$	129,687

Net income							5,398						5,398
Other comprehensive income											30		30
Purchase of treasury stock	(148,873)								(1,964)				(1,964)
Distribution of restricted stock	2,000												—
Awards of restricted stock					(18)				18				—
Amortization of restricted stock					137								137
Stock options expense					27								27
Tax effect from stock based compensation					(60)								(60)
Cash dividends⁽¹⁾							(2,925)						(2,925)
Adoption of Current Expected Credit Loss ("CECL") standard							(824)						(824)

Balance at March 31, 2024	6,896,297	$	183	$	99,591	$	208,923	$	(179,183)	$	(8)	$	129,506

(1)	Cash dividends of $0.42 per share were paid in the nine months ended March 31, 2024.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited - In Thousands)


	Nine Months Ended
	March 31,
	2025		2024
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	4,629	$	5,398
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities :
Depreciation and amortization		2,550		2,306
Recovery of credit losses		(502)		(51)
Net unrealized gain on other equity investments		(181)		—
Stock-based compensation		423		164
Provision for deferred income taxes		524		60
Decrease in accounts payable, accrued interest and other liabilities		(1,893)		(347)
Decrease (increase) in prepaid expenses and other assets		655		(1,089)
Net cash provided by operating activities		6,205		6,441

Cash flows from investing activities:
Net (increase) decrease in loans held for investment		(6,488)		10,070
Principal payments from investment securities - held to maturity		16,140		17,950
Principal payments from investment securities - available for sale		197		263
Purchase of premises and equipment		(217)		(1,495)
Net cash provided by investing activities		9,632		26,788

Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase (decrease) in deposits		12,971		(42,449)
Proceeds from long-term borrowings		67,000		42,500
Repayments of long-term borrowings		(55,004)		(30,009)
Repayments of short-term borrowings, net		(35,000)		(12,500)
Treasury stock purchases		(3,295)		(1,964)
Withholding taxes on stock-based compensation		(128)		—
Cash dividends		(2,842)		(2,925)
Net cash used for financing activities		(16,298)		(47,347)

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(461)		(14,118)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		51,376		65,849
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	50,915	$	51,731
Supplemental information:
Cash paid for interest	$	16,425	$	13,962
Cash paid for income taxes	$	1,616	$	2,490

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PROVIDENT FINANCIAL HOLDINGS, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

March 31, 2025

Note 1: Basis of Presentation

The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included herein reflect all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary to present a fair statement of the results of operations for the interim periods presented. All such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. The condensed consolidated statement of financial condition at June 30, 2024 is derived from the audited consolidated financial statements of Provident Financial Holdings, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiary, Provident Savings Bank, F.S.B. (the "Bank") (collectively, the "Corporation"). Certain information and note disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") have been omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") with respect to interim financial reporting. It is recommended that these unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 (“2024 Annual Form 10-K”). The results of operations for the quarter and nine months ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the entire fiscal year ending June 30, 2025.

Note 2: Accounting Standard Updates (“ASU”)

ASU 2024-03:

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. This ASU 2024-03 requires public business entities (“PBEs”) to disclose disaggregated information about specific natural expense categories underlying certain income statement expense line items that are considered relevant expense captions because they include one or more of the five natural expense categories identified in this ASU. Such disclosures must be made on an annual and interim basis in a tabular format in the footnotes to the financial statements. The ASU requires entities to disaggregate any relevant expense caption presented on the face of the income statement within continuing operations into the following required natural expense categories, as applicable: (1) purchases of inventory, (2) employee compensation, (3) depreciation, (4) intangible asset amortization, and (5) depreciation, depletion and amortization recognized as part of oil- and gas-producing activities or other depletion expenses. This ASU does not change the expense captions an entity presents on the face of the income statement; rather, it requires disaggregation of certain expense captions into specified categories in disclosures within the footnotes to the financial statements. This ASU is effective for all PBEs for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation is in the process of reviewing the impact of this ASU and has not yet determined the impact of the adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2023-09:

In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. This ASU requires PBEs to annually (a) disclose specific categories in the rate reconciliation and (b) provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold of equal to or greater than five percent of the amount computed by multiplying pretax income or loss by the applicable statutory income tax rate. This ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation is in the process of reviewing the impact of this ASU and has not yet determined the impact of the adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

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ASU 2023-07:

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-07, Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. The key amendments include: (a) introduce a new requirement to disclose significant segment expenses regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”), (b) extend certain annual disclosures to interim periods, (c) clarify single reportable segment entities must apply ASC 280 in its entirety, (d) permit more than one measure of segment profit or loss to be reported under certain conditions, and (e) require disclosure of the title and position of the CODM. This ASU is effective for public entities fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Corporation is in the process of reviewing the impact of this ASU and has not yet determined the impact of the adoption of this ASU on its consolidated financial statements.

Note 3: Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) excludes dilution and is computed by dividing income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares outstanding for the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other contracts to issue common stock were exercised or converted into common stock or resulted in the issuance of common stock that would then share in the earnings of the Corporation.

As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, there were outstanding stock options to purchase 223,000 shares and 410,000 shares of the Corporation’s common stock, respectively. As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, there were 105,000 and 382,000 outstanding stock options, respectively, excluded from the diluted EPS computation as their effect was anti-dilutive. As of March 31, 2025 and 2024, there were outstanding restricted stock awards of 137,150 shares and 51,000 shares, respectively.

The following table provides the basic and diluted EPS computations for the quarters and nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.


	For the Quarter Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
(In Thousands, Except Earnings Per Share)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Numerator:
Net income – numerator for basic earnings per share and
diluted earnings per share - available to common
stockholders	$	1,857	$	1,495	$	4,629	$	5,398

Denominator:
Denominator for basic earnings per share:
Weighted-average shares		6,680		6,919		6,753		6,968

Less effect of dilutive shares:
Stock options		9		—		7		—
Restricted stock		44		16		37		13

Denominator for diluted earnings per share:
Adjusted weighted-average shares and assumed
conversions		6,733		6,935		6,797		6,981

Basic earnings per share	$	0.28	$	0.22	$	0.69	$	0.77
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.28	$	0.22	$	0.68	$	0.77

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Note 4: Investment Securities

The amortized cost and estimated fair value of investment securities as of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024 were as follows:


			Gross		Gross		Estimated
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair		Carrying
March 31, 2025	Cost		Gains		(Losses)		Value		Value
(In Thousands)
Held to maturity
U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS⁽¹⁾	$	109,718	$	130	$	(11,548)	$	98,300	$	109,718
U.S. government sponsored enterprise CMO⁽²⁾		3,571		—		(138)		3,433		3,571
U.S. SBA securities⁽³⁾		328		—		(2)		326		328
Total investment securities - held to maturity		113,617		130		(11,688)		102,059		113,617

Available for sale
U.S. government agency MBS⁽¹⁾		1,112		8		(1)		1,119		1,119
U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS⁽¹⁾		472		10		—		482		482
Private issue CMO⁽²⁾		80		—		—		80		80
Total investment securities - available for sale		1,664		18		(1)		1,681		1,681
Total investment securities	$	115,281	$	148	$	(11,689)	$	103,740	$	115,298

(1)Mortgage-Backed Securities (“MBS”).

(2)Collateralized Mortgage Obligations (“CMO”).

(3)Small Business Administration (“SBA”).


			Gross		Gross		Estimated
	Amortized		Unrealized		Unrealized		Fair		Carrying
June 30, 2024	Cost		Gains		(Losses)		Value		Value
(In Thousands)
Held to maturity
U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS	$	125,883	$	76	$	(15,481)	$	110,478	$	125,883
U.S. government sponsored enterprise CMO		3,713		—		(253)		3,460		3,713
U.S. SBA securities		455		—		—		455		455
Total investment securities - held to maturity		130,051		76		(15,734)		114,393		130,051

Available for sale
U.S. government agency MBS		1,222		—		(14)		1,208		1,208
U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS		548		5		—		553		553
Private issue CMO		91		—		(3)		88		88
Total investment securities - available for sale		1,861		5		(17)		1,849		1,849
Total investment securities	$	131,912	$	81	$	(15,751)	$	116,242	$	131,900

In the third quarter of fiscal 2025 and 2024, the Corporation received MBS principal payments of $5.3 million and $5.7 million, respectively, and there were no purchases or sales of investment securities during these periods.

For the first nine months of fiscal 2025 and 2024, the Corporation received MBS principal payments of $16.3 million and $18.2 million, respectively, and there were no purchases or sales of investment securities during these periods.

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The Corporation held investments with an unrealized loss position of $11.7 million at March 31, 2025 and $15.8 million at June 30, 2024 as follows:


As of March 31, 2025	Unrealized Holding Losses				Unrealized Holding Losses				Unrealized Holding Losses
(In Thousands)	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
Description of Securities	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
Held to maturity
U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS	$	—	$	—	$	93,864	$	11,548	$	93,864	$	11,548
U.S. government sponsored enterprise CMO		—		—		3,434		138		3,434		138
U.S. SBA securities		325		2		—		—		325		2
Total investment securities - held to maturity		325		2		97,298		11,686		97,623		11,688

Available for sale
U.S government agency MBS		38		—		175		1		213		1
Private issue CMO		—		—		17		—		17		—
Total investment securities - available for sale		38		—		192		1		230		1
Total investment securities	$	363	$	2		97,490	$	11,687	$	97,853	$	11,689


As of June 30, 2024	Unrealized Holding Losses				Unrealized Holding Losses				Unrealized Holding Losses
(In Thousands)	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized		Fair		Unrealized
Description of Securities	Value		Losses		Value		Losses		Value		Losses
Held to maturity
U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS	$	—	$	—	$	105,530	$	15,481	$	105,530	$	15,481
U.S. government sponsored enterprise CMO		—		—		3,460		253		3,460		253
U.S. SBA securities		455		—		—		—		455		—
Total investment securities - held to maturity		455		—		108,990		15,734		109,445		15,734

Available for sale
U.S government agency MBS		91		—		1,117		14		1,208		14
U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS		—		—		8		—		8		—
Private issue CMO		—		—		88		3		88		3
Total investment securities - available for sale		91		—		1,213		17		1,304		17
Total investment securities	$	546	$	—	$	110,203	$	15,751	$	110,749	$	15,751

On a quarterly basis, the Corporation evaluates the allowance for credit losses for its investment securities held to maturity and the credit losses for its investment securities held for sale based on ASC 326. At March 31, 2025, most of the $11.7 million of unrealized holding losses were in a loss position for 12 months or more, except $2,000 of unrealized holding losses that were in a loss position for less than 12 months; while at June 30, 2024, all $15.8 million of unrealized holding losses were in a loss position for 12 months or more. The unrealized losses on investment securities were attributable to changes in interest rates relative to when the investment securities were purchased and not due to the credit quality of the

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investment securities, which are predominately U.S. government sponsored enterprise securities that are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government and have a long history of no credit losses. Therefore, the Corporation has determined that the unrealized losses are due to the fluctuating nature of interest rates, and not related to any potential credit risks within the investment portfolio. The Bank does not currently intend to sell any investment securities classified as held to maturity recorded at amortized cost or available for sale recorded at fair market value as prescribed by GAAP. As a part of the Corporation’s monthly risk assessment, the Corporation runs a number of stressed liquidity scenarios to determine if it is more likely than not that the Bank will be required to sell the investment securities before the recovery of its amortized cost basis. These liquidity scenarios support the Corporation’s assessment that the Corporation has the ability to hold these held to maturity securities until maturity or available for sale securities until recovery of the amortized cost is realized and it is not more likely than not that the Corporation will be required to sell the securities prior to recovery of the amortized cost. There was no allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) on investment securities held to maturity and there was no impairment of investment securities available for sale at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024.

In order to maintain adequate liquidity, the Bank has established borrowing facilities with various counterparties. The Bank had a remaining borrowing capacity of $269.8 million as of March 31, 2025 at the FHLB of San Francisco. In addition, the Bank has secured an estimated $151.0 million discount window facility at the FRB of San Francisco collateralized by investment securities totaling $26.5 million and loans held for investment totaling $232.6 million as of March 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2025, the Bank also has an unsecured borrowing arrangement in the form of a federal funds facility with its correspondent bank for $50.0 million. The Bank had no advances under the Federal Reserve discount window or correspondent bank facility as of March 31, 2025. The total remaining available borrowing capacity across all sources totaled approximately $470.8 million at March 31, 2025.

At June 30, 2024, the Bank had a remaining borrowing capacity of $261.3 million at the FHLB of San Francisco. In addition, the Bank had secured an estimated $208.6 million discount window facility at the FRB of San Francisco collateralized by investment securities totaling $126.6 million and loans held for investment totaling $178.6 million at June 30, 2024. As of June 30, 2024, the Bank also had an unsecured borrowing arrangement in the form of a federal funds facility with its correspondent bank for $50.0 million. The Bank had no advances under the Federal Reserve discount window or the correspondent bank facility as of June 30, 2024. The total remaining available borrowing capacity across all sources totaled approximately $519.9 million at June 30, 2024.

At March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, the Corporation did not hold any investment securities held to maturity or investment securities available for sale with the intent to sell and determined it had the ability to hold these investment securities until maturity. It also determined that it was more likely than not that the Corporation would not be required to sell the securities prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis.

Contractual maturities of investment securities as of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024 were as follows:


	March 31, 2025				June 30, 2024
			Estimated				Estimated
	Amortized		Fair		Amortized		Fair
(In Thousands)	Cost		Value		Cost		Value
Held to maturity
Due in one year or less	$	183	$	182	$	349	$	343
Due after one through five years		2,850		2,787		4,328		4,167
Due after five through ten years		41,149		38,375		49,331		44,830
Due after ten years		69,435		60,715		76,043		65,053
Total investment securities - held to maturity		113,617		102,059		130,051		114,393

Available for sale
Due in one year or less		—		—		—		—
Due after one through five years		—		—		—		—
Due after five through ten years		1,511		1,527		1,055		1,053
Due after ten years		153		154		806		796
Total investment securities - available for sale		1,664		1,681		1,861		1,849
Total investment securities	$	115,281	$	103,740	$	131,912	$	116,242

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Note 5: Loans Held for Investment

Loans held for investment, net of fair value adjustments, consisted of the following:


	March 31,		June 30,
(In Thousands)	2025		2024
Mortgage loans:
Single-family	$	545,377	$	518,091
Multi-family		429,547		445,182
Commercial real estate		75,349		83,349
Construction		837		2,692
Other		89		95
Commercial business loans		4,255		1,372
Consumer loans		52		65
Total loans held for investment, gross		1,055,506		1,050,846

Advance payments of escrows		519		102
Deferred loan costs, net		9,532		9,096
ACL on loans		(6,577)		(7,065)
Total loans held for investment, net	$	1,058,980	$	1,052,979

The following table sets forth information at March 31, 2025 regarding the dollar amount of loans held for investment that are contractually repricing during the periods indicated, segregated between adjustable rate loans and fixed rate loans. At both March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, fixed rate loans comprised 10 percent of loans held for investment. Adjustable rate loans that reprice when the index they are tied to reprices (e.g. prime rate index) and checking account overdrafts are reported as repricing within one year. The table does not include any estimate of prepayments which may cause the Corporation’s actual repricing experience to differ materially from that shown.


	Adjustable Rate
			After		After		After
		Within	One Year		3 Years		5 Years
(In Thousands)	One Year		Through 3 Years		Through 5 Years		Through 10 Years		Fixed Rate		Total
Mortgage loans:
Single-family	$	43,918	$	60,035	$	135,414	$	199,038	$	106,972	$	545,377
Multi-family		195,364		150,579		81,419		2,093		92		429,547
Commercial real estate		28,175		34,605		12,192		—		377		75,349
Construction		837		—		—		—		—		837
Other		—		—		—		—		89		89
Commercial business loans		4,220		—		—		—		35		4,255
Consumer loans		52		—		—		—		—		52
Total loans held for investment, gross	$	272,566	$	245,219	$	229,025	$	201,131	$	107,565	$	1,055,506

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The following tables present the Corporation’s commercial real estate loans by property types and loan-to-value ratios ( “LTV”) as of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024:


		Owner		Non-Owner			% of Total			Weighted
March 31, 2025		Occupied Loan		Occupied Loan		Total		Commercial		Average
(Dollars in Thousands)	Balance			Balance		Balance	Real Estate			LTV ⁽¹⁾
Office	$	5,701	$	20,041	$	25,742		34	%	41	%
Mixed use⁽²⁾		283		14,504		14,787		19		33	%
Retail		—		8,756		8,756		12		30	%
Warehouse		1,342		9,205		10,547		14		29	%
Medical/dental office		2,523		4,444		6,967		9		43	%
Mobile home park		—		6,799		6,799		9		38	%
Restaurant/fast food		683		495		1,178		2		46	%
Automotive - non gasoline		—		573		573		1		26	%
Total commercial real estate	$	10,532	$	64,817	$	75,349		100	%	36	%

(1)Current loan balance as a percentage of the original appraised value.

(2)	Mixed use includes $6.5 million in Office/Retail, $5.3 million in Multi-family/Retail, $1.6 million in Other Mixed Use, $743,000 in Multi-family/Commercial and $671,000 in Multi-family/Office.


		Owner		Non-Owner			% of Total			Weighted
June 30, 2024		Occupied Loan		Occupied Loan		Total		Commercial		Average
(Dollars in Thousands)	Balance			Balance		Balance	Real Estate			LTV ⁽¹⁾
Office	$	6,690	$	20,084	$	26,774		32	%	43	%
Mixed use⁽²⁾		293		15,797		16,090		19		35	%
Retail		—		12,501		12,501		15		30	%
Warehouse		2,076		9,848		11,924		14		31	%
Mobile home park		—		6,909		6,909		8		38	%
Medical/dental office		2,439		4,645		7,084		9		44	%
Restaurant/fast food		690		500		1,190		2		46	%
Automotive - non gasoline		—		578		578		1		26	%
Live/work		—		299		299		—		13	%
Total commercial real estate	$	12,188	$	71,161	$	83,349		100	%	37	%

(1)	Current loan balance as a percentage of the original appraised value.

(2)	Mixed use includes $6.9 million in Office/Retail, $4.7 million in Multi-family/Retail, $3.0 million in Other Mixed Use, $754,000 in Multi-family/Commercial and $685,000 in Multi-family/Office..

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The following tables present the Corporation’s commercial real estate loans by geographic concentration as of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024:


	Inland				Southern				Other
March 31, 2025	Empire⁽¹⁾				California⁽²⁾				California				Total
(Dollars in Thousands)	Balance		%		Balance		%		Balance		%		Balance		%
Owner occupied:
Office	$	636	11	%	$	4,879	86	%	$	186	3	%	$	5,701	100	%
Mixed use		—	—	%		—	—	%		283	100	%		283	100	%
Warehouse		—	—	%		965	72	%		377	28	%		1,342	100	%
Medical/dental office		272	11	%		2,251	89	%		—	—	%		2,523	100	%
Restaurant/fast food		—	—	%		683	100	%		—	—	%		683	100	%
Total owner occupied		908	9	%		8,778	83	%		846	8	%		10,532	100	%

Non-owner occupied:
Office		3,865	19	%		13,577	68	%		2,599	13	%		20,041	100	%
Mixed use		451	3	%		6,319	44	%		7,734	53	%		14,504	100	%
Retail		1,031	12	%		4,533	52	%		3,192	36	%		8,756	100	%
Warehouse		592	7	%		4,356	47	%		4,257	46	%		9,205	100	%
Mobile home park		4,782	70	%		353	5	%		1,664	25	%		6,799	100	%
Medical/dental office		1,731	39	%		2,038	46	%		675	15	%		4,444	100	%
Restaurant/fast food		—	—	%		495	100	%		—	—	%		495	100	%
Automotive - non gasoline		—	—	%		573	100	%		—	—	%		573	100	%
Total non-owner occupied		12,452	19	%		32,244	50	%		20,121	31	%		64,817	100	%

Total commercial real estate	$	13,360	18	%	$	41,022	54	%	$	20,967	28	%	$	75,349	100	%

(1)Inland Empire comprised of San Bernardino and Riverside counties.

(2)Other than the Inland Empire.

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	Inland				Southern				Other
June 30, 2024	Empire⁽¹⁾				California⁽²⁾				California				Total
(Dollars in Thousands)	Balance		%		Balance		%		Balance		%		Balance		%
Owner occupied:
Office	$	1,540	23	%	$	4,959	74	%	$	191	3	%	$	6,690	100	%
Mixed use		—	—	%		—	—	%		293	100	%		293	100	%
Warehouse		—	—	%		1,689	81	%		387	19	%		2,076	100	%
Medical/dental office		276	11	%		1,791	74	%		372	15	%		2,439	100	%
Restaurant/fast food		—	—			690	100	%		—	—	%		690	100	%
Total owner occupied		1,816	15	%		9,129	75	%		1,243	10	%		12,188	100	%

Non-owner occupied:
Office		2,951	15	%		13,837	69	%		3,296	16	%		20,084	100	%
Mixed use		505	3	%		6,243	40	%		9,049	57	%		15,797	100	%
Retail		1,050	8	%		6,996	56	%		4,455	36	%		12,501	100	%
Warehouse		605	6	%		4,774	49	%		4,469	45	%		9,848	100	%
Mobile home park		4,859	70	%		358	5	%		1,692	25	%		6,909	100	%
Medical/dental office		1,797	39	%		2,159	46	%		689	15	%		4,645	100	%
Restaurant/fast food		—	—	%		500	100	%		—	—	%		500	100	%
Automotive - non gasoline		—	—	%		578	100	%		—	—	%		578	100	%
Live/work		—	—	%		—	—	%		299	100	%		299	100	%
Total non-owner occupied		11,767	16	%		35,445	50	%		23,949	34	%		71,161	100	%

Total commercial real estate	$	13,583	16	%	$	44,574	54	%	$	25,192	30	%	$	83,349	100	%

(1)	Inland Empire comprised of San Bernardino and Riverside counties.

(2)Other than the Inland Empire.

The Corporation has developed an internal loan grading system to evaluate and quantify loans held for investment with respect to quality and risk. Management continually evaluates the credit quality of the loan portfolio and conducts a quarterly review of the adequacy of the ACL. The Corporation has adopted an internal risk rating policy in which each loan is rated for credit quality with a rating of pass, special mention, substandard, doubtful or loss.

The two primary components that are used during the loan review process to determine the proper allowance levels are individually evaluated allowances and collectively evaluated allowances. The collectively evaluated allowance is based on a pooling method for groups of homogeneous loans sharing similar loan characteristics to calculate an allowance which reflects an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses using historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Loans identified to be individually evaluated have an allowance that is based upon the appraised value of the collateral, less selling costs or discounted cash flow with an appropriate default factor.

The Corporation categorizes all loans held for investment into risk categories based on relevant information about the ability of the borrower to service their debt such as current financial information, historical payment experience, credit documentation, public information, and current economic trends, among other factors. A description of the general characteristics of the risk grades is as follows:

●

Pass – A pass loan ranges from minimal credit risk to average, but still acceptable, credit risk. The likelihood of loss is considered remote.

●

Special Mention - A special mention loan has potential weaknesses that may be temporary or, if left uncorrected, may result in a loss. While concerns exist, the Corporation is currently protected and loss is considered unlikely and not imminent.

●

Substandard - A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current financial standing and paying capacity of the borrower or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or

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weaknesses, that may jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. A substandard loan is characterized by the distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

●

Doubtful - A doubtful loan has all of the weaknesses inherent in one classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of the currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

●

Loss - A loss loan is considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as an asset of the Corporation is not warranted.

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The following table presents the Corporation’s recorded investment in loans by risk categories and gross charge-offs by year of origination as of March 31, 2025:


March 31, 2025	Term Loans by Year of Origination												Revolving
(In Thousands)	2025		2024		2023		2022		2021		Prior		Loans		Total
Mortgage loans:
Single-family:
Pass	$	22,148	$	61,169	$	53,196	$	198,714	$	143,494	$	64,428	$	6	$	543,155
Special Mention		-		-		-		-		760		261		-		1,021
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		1,201		-		1,201
Total single-family		22,148		61,169		53,196		198,714		144,254		65,890		6		545,377
Current period gross charge-off	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Multi-family:
Pass		4,083		21,925		27,332		73,865		84,461		215,188		-		426,854
Special Mention		-		-		-		-		-		628		-		628
Substandard		-		-		-		-		469		1,596		-		2,065
Total multi-family		4,083		21,925		27,332		73,865		84,930		217,412		-		429,547
Current period gross charge-off	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Commercial real estate:
Pass		1,135		5,183		12,652		22,887		3,924		27,710		-		73,491
Special Mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		247		415		-		-		1,196		-		1,858
Total commercial real estate		1,135		5,430		13,067		22,887		3,924		28,906		-		75,349
Current period gross charge-off	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Construction:
Pass		-		837		-		-		-		-		-		837
Special Mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total construction		-		837		-		-		-		-		-		837
Current period gross charge-off	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Other:
Pass		-		-		-		-		-		89		-		89
Special Mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total other		-		-		-		-		-		89		-		89
Current period gross charge-off	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Commercial business loans:
Pass		-		-		-		105		-		-		4,150		4,255
Special Mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total commercial business loans		-		-		-		105		-		-		4,150		4,255
Current period gross charge-off	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Consumer loans:
Not graded		13		-		-		-		-		-		-		13
Pass		-		-		-		-		-		-		39		39
Special Mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total consumer loans		13		-		-		-		-		-		39		52
Current period gross charge-off	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Total loans held for investment, gross	$	27,379	$	89,361	$	93,595	$	295,571	$	233,108	$	312,297	$	4,195	$	1,055,506
Total current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

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The following table presents the Corporation’s recorded investment in loans by risk categories by year of origination as of June 30, 2024:


June 30, 2024	Term Loans by Year of Origination												Revolving
(In Thousands)	2024		2023		2022		2021		2020		Prior		Loans		Total
Mortgage loans:
Single-family:
Pass	$	19,476	$	60,688	$	205,817	$	149,084	$	19,606	$	59,702	$	14	$	514,387
Special Mention		-		-		-		-		-		1,111		-		1,111
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		2,593		-		2,593
Total single-family		19,476		60,688		205,817		149,084		19,606		63,406		14		518,091
Current period gross charge-off	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Multi-family:
Pass		10,374		28,892		75,876		86,916		60,938		180,119		-		443,115
Special Mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		478		-		1,589		-		2,067
Total multi-family		10,374		28,892		75,876		87,394		60,938		181,708		-		445,182
Current period gross charge-off	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Commercial real estate:
Pass		3,874		13,763		23,298		4,018		5,450		32,946		-		83,349
Special Mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total commercial real estate		3,874		13,763		23,298		4,018		5,450		32,946		-		83,349
Current period gross charge-off	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Construction:
Pass		1,480		228		984		-		-		-		-		2,692
Special Mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total construction		1,480		228		984		-		-		-		-		2,692
Current period gross charge-off	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Other:
Pass		-		-		-		-		95		-		-		95
Special Mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total other		-		-		-		-		95		-		-		95
Current period gross charge-off	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Commercial business loans:
Pass		-		-		133		-		-		-		1,239		1,372
Special Mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total commercial business loans		-		-		133		-		-		-		1,239		1,372
Current period gross charge-off	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Consumer loans:
Not graded		23		-		-		-		-		-		-		23
Pass		-		-		-		-		-		-		42		42
Special Mention		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-		-		-		-		-		-
Total consumer loans		23		-		-		-		-		-		42		65
Current period gross charge-off	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-

Total loans held for investment, gross	$	35,227	$	103,571	$	306,108	$	240,496	$	86,089	$	278,060	$	1,295	$	1,050,846
Total current period gross charge-offs	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

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The ACL is a valuation account that is deducted from the related loans’ amortized cost basis to present the net amount expected to be collected on the loans. The measurement of expected credit losses is based on relevant information about past events, including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. The Corporation’s ACL is calculated quarterly, with changes in the ACL recorded through an entry to the provision for (recovery of) credit losses. Management calculates the quantitative portion of the collectively evaluated allowance for all loan categories using an average charge-off or loss rate methodology and generally evaluates collectively evaluated loans by the Office of Comptroller of the Currency’s Call Report code in order to group and determine portfolio loan segments with similar risk characteristics. The Corporation primarily utilizes historical loss rates for the ACL calculation based on its own specific historical losses and/or with peer loss history where applicable.

The expected loss rates are applied to expected monthly loan balances estimated through the consideration of contractual repayment terms and expected prepayments. The prepayment assumptions applied to expected cash flow over the contractual life of the loans are estimated based on historical and bank-specific experience and the consideration of current and expected conditions and circumstances including the level of interest rates. The prepayment assumptions may be updated by management in the event that changing conditions impact management’s estimate or additional historical data gathered has resulted in the need for a reevaluation.

For its reasonable and supportable forecasting of current expected credit losses, the Corporation utilizes a regression model using forecasted economic metrics and historical loss data. The regression model utilized relies upon reasonable and supportable 12-month forecasts of the National Unemployment Rate and change in the Real Gross Domestic Product, after which it reverts to a historical loss rate. Management selected the National Unemployment Rate and the Real Gross Domestic Product as the drivers of the forward look component of the collectively evaluated allowance, primarily as a result of high correlation coefficients identified in regression modeling, the availability of forecasts, including the quarterly Federal Open Market Committee forecast, and the widespread familiarity of these economic metrics.

Management recognizes that there are additional factors impacting risk of loss in the loan portfolio beyond what is captured in the quantitative portion of the allowance on collectively evaluated loans. As current and expected conditions may vary compared with conditions over the historical lookback period, which is utilized in the calculation of the quantitative allowance, management considers whether additional or reduced allowance levels on collectively evaluated loans may be warranted, given the consideration of a variety of qualitative factors. The following qualitative factors (“Q-factors”) are considered quarterly by management and reflect the regulatory guidance on the Q-factors:

●

Changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff.

●

Changes in the value of underlying collateral for collateral-dependent loans.

●

The existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of such concentrations.

●

Changes in international, national, regional, and local economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectability of the portfolio, including the condition of various market segments.

●

The effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in the institution's existing portfolio.

●

Changes in the volume and severity of past due loans, the volume of non-performing loans, and the volume and severity of adversely classified or graded loans.

●

Changes in the quality of the Corporation’s loan review system.

●

Changes in the nature, volume and terms of loans in the portfolio.

●

Changes in lending policies and procedures, including changes in underwriting standards and collection, charge-off, and recovery practices not considered elsewhere in estimating credit losses.

The qualitative portion of the Corporation’s allowance on collectively evaluated loans are calculated using management judgment, to determine risk categorizations in each of the Q-factors presented above. The amount of qualitative allowance is also contingent upon the relative weighting of the Q-factors according to management’s judgment.

Loans that do not share similar risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis. When management determines that foreclosure is probable or the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, the expected credit losses are based on the fair value of collateral at the reporting date, less selling costs.

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Accrued interest receivable for loans is included in accrued interest receivable in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Corporation elected not to measure an allowance for accrued interest receivable and instead elected to reverse accrued interest income on loans that are placed on non-performing status. A loan is deemed non-performing when it is 90 days or more delinquent. The Corporation believes this policy results in the timely reversal of potentially uncollectible interest.

Pursuant to ASU 2022-02, “Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures,” the Corporation may agree to different types of modifications, including principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, term extension, significant payment delay or any combination of modifications noted above. During the quarters and nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, there were no loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties. At March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, there were no outstanding loan modifications.

Management believes the ACL on loans held for investment is maintained at a level sufficient to provide for expected losses on the Corporation’s loans held for investment based on historical loss experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. The provision for (recovery of) credit losses is charged (credited) against operations on a quarterly basis, as necessary, to maintain the ACL at appropriate levels. Future adjustments to the ACL may be necessary and results of operations could be significantly and adversely affected as a result of economic, operating, regulatory, and other conditions beyond the Corporation’s control.

Non-performing loans are charged-off to their fair market values in the period the loans, or portion thereof, are deemed uncollectible, generally after the loan becomes 150 days delinquent for real estate secured first trust deed loans and 120 days delinquent for commercial business or real estate secured second trust deed loans. For loans that were previously modified from their original terms, were re-underwritten and identified as modified loans, the charge-off occurs when the loan becomes 90 days delinquent; and where borrowers file bankruptcy, the charge-off occurs when the loan becomes 60 days delinquent. The amount of the charge-off is determined by comparing the loan balance to the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral, less disposition costs, with the loan balance in excess of the estimated fair value charged-off against the ACL. For modified loans that are less than 90 days delinquent, the ACL is segregated into (a) individually evaluated allowances for those loans with applicable discounted cash flow calculations still in their modification period, classified lower than pass, and containing an embedded loss component or (b) collectively evaluated allowances based on the aggregated pooling method. For non-performing loans less than 60 days delinquent where the borrower has filed bankruptcy, the collectively evaluated allowances are assigned based on the aggregated pooling method. For non-performing commercial real estate loans, an individually evaluated allowance is derived based on the loan's discounted cash flow fair value (for modified loans) or collateral fair value less estimated selling costs and if the fair value is higher than the loan balance, no allowance is required. A non-performing loan is generally restored to accrual status when a borrower is current in payments for six consecutive months and future monthly principal and interest payments are expected to be collected on a timely basis.

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The following table discloses additional details for the periods indicated on the Corporation’s ACL on loans held for investment:


	For the Quarter Ended						For the Nine Months Ended
	March 31,						March 31,
(Dollars in Thousands)	2025			2024			2025			2024

ACL, beginning of period	$	6,956		$	7,000		$	7,065		$	5,946

Impact of ASC 326 CECL adoption⁽¹⁾		—			—			—			1,197

(Recovery of) provision for credit losses		(379)			108			(488)			(35)

Total recoveries		—			—			—			—

Total charge-offs		—			—			—			—

Net recoveries (charge-offs)		—			—			—			—
ACL, end of period	$	6,577		$	7,108		$	6,577		$	7,108

ACL on loans as a percentage of gross loans held for investment		0.62	%		0.67	%		0.62	%		0.67	%
Net (recoveries) charge-offs as a percentage of average loans receivable, net, during the period (annualized)		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%
ACL on loans as a percentage of gross non-performing loans at the end of the period		467.78	%		307.84	%		467.78	%		307.84	%

(1)	Represents the impact of adopting ASC 326 on July 1, 2023. Since that date, as a result of adopting ASC 326, the methodology to compute the ACL has been based on CECL methodology, rather than the previously applied incurred loss methodology.

The following tables denote the past due status of the Corporation's loans held for investment, including interest applied to principal, at the dates indicated.


	March 31, 2025
			30-89 Days Past				Total Loans Held for
(In Thousands)	Current		Due		Non-Performing		Investment

Mortgage loans:
Single-family	$	544,269	$	198	$	910	$	545,377
Multi-family		429,077		—		470		429,547
Commercial real estate		75,349		—		—		75,349
Construction		837		—		—		837
Other		89		—		—		89
Commercial business loans		4,255		—		—		4,255
Consumer loans		51		1		—		52
Total loans held for investment	$	1,053,927	$	199	$	1,380	$	1,055,506

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	June 30, 2024
			30-89 Days Past				Total Loans Held for
(In Thousands)	Current		Due		Non-Performing		Investment

Mortgage loans:
Single-family	$	515,498	$	—	$	2,593	$	518,091
Multi-family		445,182		—		—		445,182
Commercial real estate		83,349		—		—		83,349
Construction		2,692		—		—		2,692
Other		95		—		—		95
Commercial business loans		1,372		—		—		1,372
Consumer loans		64		1		—		65
Total loans held for investment	$	1,048,252	$	1	$	2,593	$	1,050,846

The following tables summarize the Corporation’s ACL and recorded investment in gross loans, by portfolio type, at the dates and for the periods indicated.


	Quarter Ended March 31, 2025
	Single-			Multi-			Commercial									Commercial
(Dollars In Thousands)	family			family			Real Estate			Construction			Other			Business			Consumer			Total
ACL:
ACL, beginning of period	$	6,261		$	549		$	59		$	48		$	2		$	37		$	—		$	6,956
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses		(460)			126			(1)			(35)			(1)			(8)			—			(379)
Recoveries		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Charge-offs		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
ACL, end of period	$	5,801		$	675		$	58		$	13		$	1		$	29		$	—		$	6,577

ACL:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Collectively evaluated for impairment		5,801			675			58			13			1			29			—			6,577
ACL, end of period	$	5,801		$	675		$	58		$	13		$	1		$	29		$	—		$	6,577

Loans held for investment:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	9		$	470		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	479
Collectively evaluated for impairment		545,368			429,077			75,349			837			89			4,255			52			1,055,027
Total loans held for investment, gross	$	545,377		$	429,547		$	75,349		$	837		$	89		$	4,255		$	52		$	1,055,506
ACL on loans as a percentage of gross loans held for investment		1.06	%		0.16	%		0.08	%		1.55	%		1.12	%		0.68	%		—	%		0.62	%
Net (recoveries) charge-offs to average loans receivable, net during the period		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%

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	Quarter Ended March 31, 2024
	Single-			Multi-			Commercial									Commercial
(Dollars In Thousands)	family			family			Real Estate			Construction				Other		Business			Consumer			Total
ACL:
ACL, beginning of period	$	6,235		$	642		$	73		$	36		$	2		$	12		$	—		$	7,000
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses		136			(41)			(8)			8			(1)			14			—			108
Recoveries		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Charge-offs		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
ACL, end of period	$	6,371		$	601		$	65		$	44		$	1		$	26		$	—		$	7,108

ACL:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	37		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	37
Collectively evaluated for impairment		6,334			601			65			44			1			26			—			7,071
ACL, end of period	$	6,371		$	601		$	65		$	44		$	1		$	26		$	—		$	7,108

Loans held for investment:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	1,138		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	1,138
Collectively evaluated for impairment		515,901			457,401			83,136			2,745			99			2,835			60			1,062,177
Total loans held for investment, gross	$	517,039		$	457,401		$	83,136		$	2,745		$	99		$	2,835		$	60		$	1,063,315
ACL on loans as a percentage of gross loans held for investment		1.23	%		0.13	%		0.08	%		1.60	%		1.01	%		0.92	%		—	%		0.67	%
Net (recoveries) charge-offs to average loans receivable, net during the period		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%

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	Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025
							Commercial									Commercial
(Dollars In Thousands)	Single-family			Multi-family			Real Estate			Construction			Other			Business			Consumer			Total
ACL:
ACL, beginning of period	$	6,295		$	595		$	66		$	97		$	1		$	11		$	—		$	7,065
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses		(494)			80			(8)			(84)			—			18			—			(488)
Recoveries		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Charge-offs		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
ACL, end of period	$	5,801		$	675		$	58		$	13		$	1		$	29		$	—		$	6,577

ACL:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Collectively evaluated for impairment		5,801			675			58			13			1			29			—			6,577
ACL, end of period	$	5,801		$	675		$	58		$	13		$	1		$	29		$	—		$	6,577

Loans held for investment:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	9		$	470		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	479
Collectively evaluated for impairment		545,368			429,077			75,349			837			89			4,255			52			1,055,027
Total loans held for investment, gross	$	545,377		$	429,547		$	75,349		$	837		$	89		$	4,255		$	52		$	1,055,506
ACL on loans as a percentage of gross loans held for investment		1.06	%		0.16	%		0.08	%		1.55	%		1.12	%		0.68	%		—	%		0.62	%
Net (recoveries) charge-offs to average loans receivable, net during the period		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%

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	Nine Months Ended March 31, 2024
							Commercial									Commercial
(Dollars In Thousands)	Single-family			Multi-family			Real Estate			Construction			Other			Business			Consumer			Total
ACL:
ACL, beginning of period	$	1,720		$	3,270		$	868		$	15		$	2		$	67		$	4		$	5,946
Adjustment to allowance for adoption of ASC 326		4,605			(2,614)			(786)			47			3			(54)			(4)			1,197
Provision for (recovery of) credit losses		46			(55)			(17)			(18)			(4)			13			—			(35)
Recoveries		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Charge-offs		—			—			—			—			—			—			—			—
ACL, end of period	$	6,371		$	601		$	65		$	44		$	1		$	26		$	—		$	7,108

ACL:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	37		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	37
Collectively evaluated for impairment		6,334			601			65			44			1			26			—			7,071
ACL, end of period	$	6,371		$	601		$	65		$	44		$	1		$	26		$	—		$	7,108

Loans held for investment:
Individually evaluated for impairment	$	1,138		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	1,138
Collectively evaluated for impairment		515,901			457,401			83,136			2,745			99			2,835			60			1,062,177
Total loans held for investment, gross	$	517,039		$	457,401		$	83,136		$	2,745		$	99		$	2,835		$	60		$	1,063,315
ACL on loans as a percentage of gross loans held for investment		1.23	%		0.13	%		0.08	%		1.60	%		1.01	%		0.92	%		—	%		0.67	%
Net (recoveries) charge-offs to average loans receivable, net during the period		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%		—	%

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The following tables identify the Corporation’s total recorded investment in non-performing loans, gross by type at the dates and for the periods indicated. Generally, a loan is placed on non-performing status when it becomes 90 days past due as to principal or interest or after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts, where the borrower’s financial condition is such that collection of the contractual principal or interest on the loan is doubtful. In addition, interest income is not recognized on any loan where management has determined that collection is not reasonably assured. A non-performing loan may be restored to accrual status when delinquent principal and interest payments are brought current, the borrower(s) has demonstrated sustained payment performance (generally six consecutive payments) and future monthly principal and interest payments are expected to be collected on a timely basis. Loans with a related allowance have been (a) collectively evaluated using a pooling method analysis or (b) individually evaluated using either a discounted cash flow analysis or, for collateral dependent loans, current appraisals less costs to sell, to establish realizable value. This analysis may identify a specific allowance amount needed or may conclude that no allowance is needed.


	At March 31, 2025
	Unpaid								Net
	Principal		Related		Recorded				Recorded
(In Thousands)	Balance⁽¹⁾		Charge-offs		Investment		ACL⁽²⁾		Investment

Mortgage loans:
Single-family:
With a related allowance	$	927	$	—	$	927	$	(11)	$	916
Without a related allowance⁽³⁾		34		(25)		9		—		9
Total single-family loans		961		(25)		936		(11)		925

Multi-family:
Without a related allowance⁽³⁾		470		—		470		—		470
Total multi-family loans		470		—		470		—		470

Total non-performing loans	$	1,431	$	(25)	$	1,406	$	(11)	$	1,395

(1)	Excluding interest applied to principal.

(2)	ACL, specifically assigned to the individual loan.

(3)	There was no related ACL because the loans were charged-off to their fair value or the fair value of the collateral was higher than the loan balance.


	At June 30, 2024
	Unpaid		Related						Net
	Principal		Charge-offs		Recorded				Recorded
(In Thousands)	Balance⁽¹⁾		Related		Investment		ACL⁽²⁾		Investment

Mortgage loans:
Single-family:
With a related allowance	$	2,267	$	—	$	2,267	$	(73)	$	2,194
Without a related allowance⁽³⁾		427		(25)		402		—		402
Total single-family loans		2,694		(25)		2,669		(73)		2,596

Total non-performing loans	$	2,694	$	(25)	$	2,669	$	(73)	$	2,596

(1)	Excluding interest applied to principal.

(2)	ACL, specifically assigned to the individual loan.

(3)	There was no related ACL because the loans were charged-off to their fair value or the fair value of the collateral was higher than the loan balance.

At March 31, 2025, there were no commitments to lend additional funds to those borrowers whose loans were classified as non-performing.

For the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Corporation’s average recorded investment in non-performing loans was $1.5 million and $2.1 million, respectively. The Corporation records payments on non-performing loans utilizing the cash basis or cost recovery method of accounting during the periods when the loans are on non-performing status. For the

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quarters ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Bank received $120,000 and $41,000, respectively, in interest payments from non-performing loans, all of which was recognized as interest income for those periods. None of these payments were applied to reduce the loan balances under the cost recovery method.

For the nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Corporation’s average recorded investment in non-performing loans was $2.1 million and $1.7 million, respectively. For the nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Bank received $178,000 and $80,000, respectively, in interest payments from non-performing loans, all of which was recognized as interest income for those periods. None of these payments were applied to reduce the loan balances under the cost recovery method.

The following tables present the average recorded investment in non-performing loans and the related interest income recognized for the quarters and nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:


		Quarter Ended March 31,
	2025				2024
		Average	Interest		Average		Interest
		Recorded	Income		Recorded		Income
(In Thousands)		Investment	Recognized		Investment		Recognized
Without related ACL:
Mortgage loans:
Single-family	$	10	$	84	$	296	$	8
Multi-family		156		—		—		—
		166		84		296		8

With related ACL:
Mortgage loans:
Single-family		1,285		36		1,852		33
		1,285		36		1,852		33

Total	$	1,451	$	120	$	2,148	$	41


	Nine Months Ended March 31,
	2025				2024
		Average	Interest		Average		Interest
		Recorded	Income		Recorded		Income
(In Thousands)		Investment	Recognized		Investment		Recognized
Without related ACL:
Mortgage loans:
Single-family	$	534	$	90	$	206	$	16
Multi-family		52		—		—		—
		586		90		206		16

With related ACL:
Mortgage loans:
Single-family		1,517		88		1,454		64
		1,517		88		1,454		64

Total	$	2,103	$	178	$	1,660	$	80

During the quarters and nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, no properties were acquired in the settlement of loans and no previously foreclosed properties were sold, except for one foreclosed property that was sold with without a loss in the second quarter of fiscal 2024. A new appraisal is obtained for each property at the time of foreclosure, and fair value is derived by using the lower of the appraised value or the listing price of the property, net of estimated selling costs. Any initial loss upon repossession is recorded as a charge to the ACL prior to transferring the asset to real estate owned.

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Subsequent to transfer to real estate owned, if there is further deterioration in the property’s value, specific real estate owned loss reserves are established and charged to the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. In addition, the Corporation records costs to carry real estate owned as real estate owned operating expenses as incurred. As of both March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, the Corporation held no real estate owned property.

The Bank adjusts the reserve for unfunded loan commitments through the provision for (recovery of) credit losses.

The following table provides information regarding the unfunded loan commitment reserve for the quarters and nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.


	For the Quarter Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
(In Thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Balance, beginning of the period	$	55	$	10	$	57	$	42
(Recovery of) provision for credit losses		(12)		16		(14)		(16)
Balance, end of the period	$	43	$	26	$	43	$	26

The method for calculating the unfunded loan commitment reserve is based on a historical funding rate applied to the undisbursed loan amount to estimate an average outstanding amount during the life of the loan commitment. The Corporation applies the same assumptions and methodologies by loan groupings to these unfunded loan commitments as it does for its funded loans held for investment to determine the reserve rate and the allowance. Assumptions are evaluated by management periodically as part of the CECL procedures. The unfunded loan commitment reserve is recorded in accounts payable, accrued interest and other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Note 6: Derivative and Other Financial Instruments with Off-Balance Sheet Risks

The Corporation is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit in the form of originating loans or providing funds under existing lines of credit, loan sale commitments to third parties and option contracts. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest-rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Corporation’s exposure to credit loss, in the event of non-performance by the counterparty to these financial instruments, is represented by the contractual amount of these instruments. The Corporation uses the same credit policies in entering into financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. As of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, the Corporation had commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for investment of $10.5 million and $9.4 million, respectively.

The following table provides information regarding unfunded loan commitments, which are comprised of undisbursed loan funds, undisbursed funds to borrowers on existing lines of credit with the Corporation and commitments to originate loans to be held for investment at the dates indicated below.



Commitments	March 31, 2025		June 30, 2024
(In Thousands)
Undisbursed loan funds – Construction loans	$	—	$	435
Undisbursed loan funds – Single-family loans⁽¹⁾		53		—
Undisbursed lines of credit – Commercial business loans		1,825		2,936
Undisbursed lines of credit – Consumer loans		325		341
Commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for investment		10,526		9,387
Total	$	12,729	$	13,099

(1)	Represents undisbursed loan funds related to construction loans that, in accordance with their original terms, converted to single-family residential loans upon completion of construction.

In accordance with ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging,” and interpretations of the Derivatives Implementation Group of the FASB, the fair value of the commitments to extend credit on loans to be held for sale, loan sale commitments, to be

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announced (“TBA”) MBS trades, put option contracts and call option contracts are recorded at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Corporation does not apply hedge accounting to its derivative financial instruments; therefore, all changes in fair value are recorded in earnings. As of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, there were no outstanding derivative financial instruments.

Loans previously sold to the FHLB – San Francisco under the Mortgage Partnership Finance (“MPF”) program have a recourse liability. The FHLB – San Francisco absorbs the first four basis points of loss by establishing a first loss account and a credit scoring process is used to calculate the maximum recourse amount for the Bank. All losses above the Bank’s maximum recourse amount are the responsibility of the FHLB – San Francisco. The FHLB – San Francisco pays the Bank a credit enhancement fee monthly to compensate the Bank for accepting the recourse obligation. As of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, the Bank serviced $2.7 million and $3.1 million of loans under this program, respectively, and has established a recourse liability of $7,000 and $8,000, respectively.

Occasionally, the Bank is required to repurchase loans sold to Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae or other investors if it is determined that such loans do not meet the investor’s credit requirements, if any party involved in the loan misrepresented pertinent facts, committed fraud, or if the loans became 90-days past due within 120 days of the loan funding date. During the quarters and nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Bank did not repurchase any loans or settle any repurchase requests. In addition to the specific recourse liability for the MPF program, the Bank established a recourse liability of $16,000 and $18,000 as of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively, for loans sold to other investors.

The following table shows the summary of the recourse liability for the quarters and nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:


	For the Quarter Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
Recourse Liability	2025		2024		2025		2024
(In Thousands)
Balance, beginning of the period	$	23	$	31	$	26	$	33
Recovery for recourse liability		—		—		(3)		(2)
Net settlements in lieu of loan repurchases		—		—		—		—
Balance, end of the period	$	23	$	31	$	23	$	31

Note 7: Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The Corporation adopted ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” and elected the fair value option pursuant to ASC 825, “Financial Instruments.” ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. ASC 825 permits entities to elect to measure many financial instruments and certain other assets and liabilities at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis (the “Fair Value Option”) at specified election dates. The Corporation elected the fair value option on loans held for investment which were previously originated for sale. At each subsequent reporting date, an entity is required to report unrealized gains and losses on items in earnings for which the fair value option has been elected. The objective of the Fair Value Option is to improve financial reporting by providing entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions.

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The following table describes the difference at the dates indicated between the aggregate fair value and the aggregate unpaid principal balance of loans held for investment at fair value:


			Aggregate
			Unpaid		Net
	Aggregate		Principal		Unrealized
(In Thousands)	Fair Value		Balance		Loss
As of March 31, 2025:
Loans held for investment, at fair value	$	1,032	$	1,169	$	(137)

As of June 30, 2024:
Loans held for investment, at fair value	$	1,047	$	1,200	$	(153)

ASC 820 establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used in fair value calculations. The three levels of inputs are defined as follows:

Level 1	-	Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Corporation has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2	-	Observable inputs other than Level 1 such as: quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated to observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability. Valuation techniques may include the use of discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.
Level 3	-	Unobservable inputs for the assets or liabilities that use significant assumptions, including assumptions of risks. These unobservable assumptions reflect the Corporation’s estimate of assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Valuation techniques include the use of pricing models, discounted cash flow models and similar techniques.

ASC 820 requires the Corporation to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs. If a financial instrument uses inputs that fall in different levels of the hierarchy, the instrument will be categorized based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value calculation.

The Corporation’s financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consist of investment securities available for sale, loans held for investment at fair value, other equity investments and interest-only strips; while loans with individually evaluated allowances and mortgage servicing assets (“MSA”) are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

Investment securities - available for sale are primarily comprised of U.S. government agency MBS, U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS and private issue CMO. The Corporation utilizes quoted prices in active markets for similar securities for its fair value measurement of MBS (Level 2) and broker price indications for similar securities in non-active markets for its fair value measurement of the private issue CMO (Level 3).

Loans held for investment at fair value are primarily single-family loans which have been transferred from loans held for sale. The fair value is determined by management estimates of the specific credit risk attributes of each loan, in addition to the quoted secondary-market prices which account for the interest rate characteristics of each loan (Level 3).

Loans with an individually evaluated allowance that are recorded at fair value on a nonrecurring basis are loans which are inadequately protected by the current financial standing and paying capacity of the borrower(s) or of the collateral pledged. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Corporation will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. The fair value of a loan with an individually evaluated allowance is determined based on the discounted cash flow or current appraised value of the underlying collateral. Appraised and reported values may be discounted based on management’s historical knowledge, changes in market conditions from the time of valuation, and/or management’s expertise and knowledge of the collateral. For commercial real estate loans with an individually evaluated allowance, the fair value is derived from the appraised value of its collateral. Loans with an individually evaluated allowance are reviewed and evaluated on at least a quarterly basis for additional allowance and adjusted accordingly, based on the same factors identified above (Level 3). This loss is not recorded directly as an adjustment to current earnings or other comprehensive

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income (loss), but rather as a component in determining the overall adequacy of the ACL. These adjustments to the estimated fair value of loans with an individually evaluated allowance may result in increases or decreases to the provision for (recovery of) credit losses recorded in current earnings.

The fair value of other equity investments is derived from quoted prices in active markets for the equivalent or similar investments (Level 2).

The Corporation uses the amortization method for its MSA, which amortizes the MSA in proportion of the current MSA balance to the original MSA balance and assesses the MSA for impairment based on fair value at each reporting date. The fair value of the MSA is derived using the present value method; which includes a third party’s prepayment projections of similar instruments, weighted average coupon rates, estimated servicing costs and discount interest rates (Level 3).

The fair value of interest-only strips is derived using the same assumptions that are used to value the related MSA (Level 3).

The Corporation uses the amortization method for its MSA, under which the MSA is amortized in proportion to the current MSA balance relative to the original balance. The Corporation evaluates the MSA for impairment at each reporting date based on its fair value. Fair value is determined using the present value of expected future cash flows, incorporating a third-party’s prepayment projections for similar instruments, weighted average coupon rates, estimated servicing costs, and applicable discount rates (Level 3).

The following fair value hierarchy tables present information at the dates indicated about the Corporation’s assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:


	Fair Value Measurement at March 31, 2025 Using:
(In Thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investment securities - available for sale:
U.S. government agency MBS	$	—	$	1,119	$	—	$	1,119
U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS		—		482		—		482
Private issue CMO		—		—		80		80
Investment securities - available for sale		—		1,601		80		1,681

Loans held for investment, at fair value		—		—		1,032		1,032
Other equity investments, fair value		—		721		—		721
Interest-only strips		—		—		6		6
Total assets	$	—	$	2,322	$	1,118	$	3,440

Liabilities:	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

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	Fair Value Measurement at June 30, 2024 Using:
(In Thousands)		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Investment securities - available for sale:
U.S. government agency MBS	$	—	$	1,208	$	—	$	1,208
U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS		—		553		—		553
Private issue CMO		—		—		88		88
Investment securities - available for sale		—		1,761		88		1,849

Loans held for investment, at fair value		—		—		1,047		1,047
Other equity investments, fair value		—		540		—		540
Interest-only strips		—		—		8		8
Total assets	$	—	$	2,301	$	1,143	$	3,444

Liabilities:	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

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The following tables summarize reconciliations of the beginning and ending balances during the periods shown of recurring fair value measurements recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition using Level 3 inputs:


	For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2025
	Fair Value Measurement
	Using Significant Other Unobservable Inputs
	(Level 3)
	Private		Loans Held For		Interest-
	Issue		Investment, at		Only
(In Thousands)	CMO		fair value⁽¹⁾		Strips		Total
Beginning balance at December 31, 2024	$	80	$	1,016	$	6	$	1,102
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings		—		26		—		26
Included in other comprehensive income		1		—		—		1
Purchases		—		—		—		—
Issuances		—		—		—		—
Settlements		(1)		(10)		—		(11)
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3		—		—		—		—
Ending balance at March 31, 2025	$	80	$	1,032	$	6	$	1,118

(1)	The valuation of loans held for investment at fair value includes management estimates of the specific credit risk attributes of each loan, in addition to the quoted secondary-market prices which account for the interest rate characteristics of each loan.


	For the Quarter Ended March 31, 2024
	Fair Value Measurement
	Using Significant Other Unobservable Inputs
	(Level 3)
	Private		Loans Held For		Interest-
	Issue		Investment, at		Only
(In Thousands)	CMO		fair value⁽¹⁾		Strips		Total
Beginning balance at December 31, 2023	$	98	$	1,092	$	8	$	1,198
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings		—		(28)		—		(28)
Included in other comprehensive loss		(1)		—		—		(1)
Purchases		—		—		—		—
Issuances		—		—		—		—
Settlements		(6)		(10)		—		(16)
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3		—		—		—		—
Ending balance at March 31, 2024	$	91	$	1,054	$	8	$	1,153

(2)

(1)	The valuation of loans held for investment at fair value includes management estimates of the specific credit risk attributes of each loan, in addition to the quoted secondary-market prices which account for the interest rate characteristics of each loan.


	For the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025
	Fair Value Measurement
	Using Significant Other Unobservable Inputs
	(Level 3)
	Private		Loans Held For		Interest-
	Issue		Investment, at		Only
(In Thousands)	CMO		fair value⁽¹⁾		Strips		Total
Beginning balance at June 30, 2024	$	88	$	1,047	$	8	$	1,143
Total gains or losses (realized/unrealized):
Included in earnings		—		16		—		16
Included in other comprehensive income		3		—		(2)		1
Purchases		—		—		—		—
Issuances		—		—		—		—
Settlements		(11)		(31)		—		(42)
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3		—		—		—		—
Ending balance at March 31, 2025	$	80	$	1,032	$	6	$	1,118

(1)	The valuation of loans held for investment at fair value includes management estimates of the specific credit risk attributes of each loan, in addition to the quoted secondary-market prices which account for the interest rate characteristics of each loan.

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	For the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Fair Value Measurement
	Using Significant Other Unobservable Inputs
	(Level 3)
	Private		Loans Held For		Interest-
	Issue		Investment, at		Only
(In Thousands)	CMO		fair value⁽¹⁾		Strips		Total
Beginning balance at June 30, 2023	$	102	$	1,312	$	9	$	1,423
Adjustment due to ASC 326 CECL adoption		—		28		—		28
Total gains or losses (realized/ unrealized):
Included in earnings		—		(14)		—		(14)
Included in other comprehensive loss		(1)		—		(1)		(2)
Purchases		—		—		—		—
Issuances		—		—		—		—
Settlements		(10)		(272)		—		(282)
Transfers in and/or out of Level 3		—		—		—		—
Ending balance at March 31, 2024	$	91	$	1,054	$	8	$	1,153

(1)	The valuation of loans held for investment at fair value includes management estimates of the specific credit risk attributes of each loan, in addition to the quoted secondary-market prices which account for the interest rate characteristics of each loan.

The following fair value hierarchy tables present information about the Corporation’s assets measured at fair value at the dates indicated on a nonrecurring basis:


	Fair Value Measurement at March 31, 2025 Using:
(In Thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Mortgage servicing assets		—		—		89		89
Total	$	—	$	—	$	89	$	89


	Fair Value Measurement at June 30, 2024 Using:
(In Thousands)	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Loans with individually evaluated allowance	$	—	$	—	$	695	$	695
Mortgage servicing assets		—		—		87		87
Total	$	—	$	—	$	782	$	782

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The following table presents additional information about valuation techniques and inputs used for assets and liabilities, which are measured at fair value and categorized within Level 3 as of March 31, 2025:


						Impact to
	Fair Value					Valuation
	As of					from an
	March 31,		Valuation		Range⁽¹⁾	Increase in
(Dollars In Thousands)	2025		Techniques	Unobservable Inputs	(Weighted Average)	Inputs⁽²⁾
Assets:
Securities available-for sale: Private issue CMO	$	80	Market comparable pricing	Comparability adjustment	0.2% - (1.6%) (0.2%)	Increase

Loans held for investment, at fair value	$	1,032	Relative value analysis	Broker quotes	88.1% - 90.0% (89.3%)	Increase
				ACL factors	1.0% - 1.1% (1.1%)	Decrease

Mortgage servicing assets	$	89	Discounted cash flow	Prepayment speed (CPR)	5.5% - 60.0% (9.7%)	Decrease
				Discount rate	9.0% - 10.5% (9.0%)	Decrease

Interest-only strips	$	6	Discounted cash flow	Prepayment speed (CPR)	8.8% - 19.9% (16.1%)	Decrease
				Discount rate	9.0%	Decrease


Liabilities:

None

(1)	The range is based on the historical estimated fair values and management estimates.

(2)

Unless otherwise noted, this column represents the directional change in the fair value of the Level 3 asset instruments that would result from an increase to the corresponding unobservable input. A decrease to the unobservable input would have the opposite effect. Significant changes in these inputs in isolation could result in significantly higher or lower fair value measurements.

The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities include the following: prepayment speeds, discount rates and broker quotes, among others. Significant increases or decreases in any of these inputs in isolation could result in significantly lower or higher fair value measurement. The various unobservable inputs used to determine valuations may have similar or diverging impacts on valuation.

The carrying amount and fair value of the Corporation’s other financial instruments as of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024 was as follows:


	March 31, 2025
	Carrying		Fair
(In Thousands)	Amount		Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Loans held for investment, not recorded at fair value	$	1,057,948	$	1,004,426	$	—	$	—	$	1,004,426
Investment securities - held to maturity	$	113,617	$	102,059	$	—	$	102,059	$	—
FHLB – San Francisco stock	$	9,568	$	9,568	$	—	$	9,568	$	—

Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$	901,319	$	901,466	$	—	$	901,466	$	—
Borrowings	$	215,580	$	216,022	$	—	$	216,022	$	—

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	June 30, 2024
	Carrying		Fair
(In Thousands)	Amount		Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Financial assets:
Loans held for investment, not recorded at fair value	$	1,051,932	$	973,453	$	—	$	—	$	973,453
Investment securities - held to maturity	$	130,051	$	114,393	$	—	$	114,393	$	—
FHLB – San Francisco stock	$	9,568	$	9,568	$	—	$	9,568	$	—

Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$	888,348	$	888,527	$	—	$	888,527	$	—
Borrowings	$	238,500	$	237,691	$	—	$	237,691	$	—

Loans held for investment, not recorded at fair value: For loans that reprice frequently at market rates, the carrying amount approximates the fair value. For fixed-rate loans, the fair value is determined by either (i) discounting the estimated future cash flows of such loans over their estimated remaining contractual maturities using a current interest rate at which similar loans would be made to borrowers, or (ii) quoted market prices.

Investment securities - held to maturity: The investment securities - held to maturity consist of U.S. SBA securities, U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS and U.S. government sponsored enterprise CMO. For the U.S. SBA securities and U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS and CMO, the Corporation utilizes quoted prices in active markets for similar securities for its fair value measurement.

FHLB – San Francisco stock: The carrying amount reported for FHLB – San Francisco stock approximates fair value. When redeemed, the Corporation will receive an amount equal to the par value of the stock.

Deposits: The fair value of time deposits is estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation. The discount rate is based upon observable inputs, including rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities. The fair value of transaction accounts (checking, money market and savings accounts) is equal to the carrying amounts payable on demand.

Borrowings: The fair value of borrowings has been estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation. The discount rate on such borrowings is based upon rates currently offered for borrowings of similar remaining maturities.

The Corporation has various processes and controls in place to ensure that fair value is reasonably estimated. The Corporation generally determines fair value of their Level 3 assets and liabilities by using internally developed models which primarily utilize discounted cash flow techniques and prices obtained from independent management services or brokers. The Corporation performs due diligence procedures over third-party pricing service providers in order to support their use in the valuation process.

While the Corporation believes its valuation methods are appropriate and consistent with other market participants, the use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine the fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date. For the third quarter of fiscal 2025, there were no significant changes to the Corporation’s valuation techniques that had, or are expected to have, a material impact on its condensed consolidated financial position or results of operations.

Note 8: Revenue From Contracts With Customers

In accordance with ASC 606, revenues are recognized when goods or services are transferred to the customer in exchange for the consideration the Corporation expects to be entitled to receive. The largest portion of the Corporation's revenue is from interest income, which is not in the scope of ASC 606. All of the Corporation's revenue from contracts with customers in the scope of ASC 606 is recognized in non-interest income.

If a contract is determined to be within the scope of ASC 606, the Corporation recognizes revenue as it satisfies a performance obligation. Payments from customers are generally collected at the time services are rendered, monthly, quarterly or annually. For contracts with customers within the scope of ASC 606, revenue is either earned at a point in

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time or revenue is earned over time. Examples of revenue earned at a point in time are automated teller machine ("ATM") transaction fees, wire transfer fees, overdraft fees and interchange fees. Revenue is primarily based on the number and type of transactions that are generally derived from transactional information accumulated by our systems and is recognized immediately as the transactions occur or upon providing the service to complete the customer's transaction. The Corporation is generally the principal in these contracts, except for interchange fees, in which case the Corporation is acting as the agent and records revenue net of expenses paid to the principal. Examples of revenue earned over time, which generally occur monthly, are deposit account maintenance fees, investment advisory fees, merchant revenue, trust and investment management fees and safe deposit box fees. Revenue is generally derived from transactional information accumulated by our systems or those of third-parties and is recognized as the related transactions occur or services are rendered to the customer.

Disaggregation of Revenue:

The following table includes the Corporation's non-interest income disaggregated by type of services for the quarters and nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024:


	Quarter Ended				Nine Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
Type of Services	2025		2024		2025		2024
(In Thousands)
Loan servicing and other fees⁽¹⁾	$	135	$	92	$	299	$	195
Deposit account fees		276		289		856		876
Card and processing fees		291		317		911		1,003
Other⁽²⁾		205		150		585		400
Total non-interest income	$	907	$	848	$	2,651	$	2,474

(1)	Not within the scope of ASC 606.

(2)

Includes net BOLI income of $46 thousand, $46 thousand, $138 thousand and $139 thousand, net gain (loss) on sale of loans of $0, $3 thousand, $(41) thousand and $(62) thousand, and net unrealized gain on other equity investments of $71 thousand, $0, $181 thousand and $0 for the quarters and nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively which are not within the scope of ASC 606.

For both the quarters and nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, substantially all of the Corporation's revenues within the scope of ASC 606 are for performance obligations satisfied at a specified date.

Revenues recognized within the scope of ASC 606:

Deposit account fees: Fees are earned on the Bank's deposit accounts for various products offered to, or services performed for, the Bank's customers. Fees include business account fees, non-sufficient fund fees, ATM fees and other fees. These fees are recognized concurrent with the event on a daily, monthly, quarterly or annual basis, depending on the type of service.

Card and processing fees: Debit interchange income represents fees earned when a debit card issued by the Bank is used. The Bank earns interchange fees from cardholder transactions through a third-party payment network. Interchange fees from cardholder transactions represent a percentage of the underlying transaction value and are recognized daily, concurrently with the transaction processing services provided to the cardholder. The performance obligation is satisfied and the fees are earned when the merchant transaction is charged to the cardholders’ debit card. Certain expenses directly associated with the debit cards are recorded on a net basis with the interchange income.

Other fees: Includes asset management fees, stop payment fees, wire services fees, safe deposit box fees and fees earned on other services, such as merchant services or occasional non-recurring type services, and are recognized at the time of the event or the applicable billing cycle. Asset management fees are variable, since they are based on the underlying portfolio value, which is subject to market conditions and amounts invested by customers through a third-party provider. Asset management fees are recognized over the period that services are provided, when the portfolio values are known or

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can be estimated at the end of each month. These fees are recognized concurrent with the event on a daily, monthly, quarterly or annual basis, depending on the type of service.

Note 9: Leases

The Corporation accounts for its leases in accordance with ASC 842 which requires the Corporation to record liabilities for future lease obligations as well as assets representing the right to use the underlying leased assets. The Corporation's leases primarily represent future obligations to make payments for the use of buildings, space or equipment for its operations. Liabilities to make future lease payments are recorded in accounts payable, accrued interest and other liabilities for operating leases and borrowings for finance leases, while right-of-use assets are recorded in premises and equipment in the Corporation's Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. At March 31, 2025, the Corporation's leases were classified as operating leases and finance leases; and the Corporation did not have any operating or finance leases with an initial term of 12 months or less ("short-term leases"). Liabilities to make future lease payments and right-of-use assets are recorded for operating leases and finance leases and do not include short-term leases. These liabilities and right-of-use assets are determined based on the total contractual base rents for each lease, which include options to extend or renew each lease, where applicable, and where the Corporation believes it has an economic incentive to extend or renew the lease. Since lease extensions are not reasonably certain, the Corporation generally does not recognize payments occurring during option periods in the calculation of its right-of-use lease assets and lease liabilities. The Corporation utilizes the FHLB – San Francisco rates as a discount rate for each of the remaining contractual terms at the adoption date as well as for future leases if the discount rate is not stated in the lease. For leases that contain variable lease payments, the Corporation assumes future lease payment escalations based on a lease payment escalation rate specified in the lease or the specified index rate observed at the time of lease commencement. Liabilities to make future lease payments are accounted for using the interest method, being reduced by periodic contractual lease payments net of periodic interest accretion. Right-of-use assets for operating leases are amortized over the lease term in amounts that represent the difference between straight-line lease expense and interest accretion on the related liability. For finance leases, right-of-use assets are amortized on a straight-line basis over the useful life of the underlying asset, while the interest accretion on the lease liability is recognized as interest expense in the Corporation’s Condensed Statements of Operations.

For the quarters and nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, expenses associated with the Corporation’s leases totaled $181,000, $222,000, $600,000 and $716,000, respectively. Expenses associated with the Corporation’s leases are recorded in either premises and occupancy or equipment expense for operating leases; while for finance leases, expenses are recorded in equipment expense and interest expense on borrowings, as applicable, in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

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The following tables present supplemental information related to leases at the dates and for the periods indicated:


	As of
(In Thousands)	March 31, 2025			June 30, 2024
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Condition:

Operating Leases:
Premises and equipment - Operating lease right-of-use assets	$	1,801	$	1,356
Accounts payable, accrued interest and other liabilities – Operating lease liabilities	$	1,838	$	1,407

Finance Leases:
Premises and equipment at cost	$	84	$	—
Accumulated amortization		(4)		—
Premises and equipment - Finance lease right-of-use assets	$	80	$	—

Borrowings - Finance lease liabilities	$	80	$	—


	Quarter Ended				Nine Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
(In Thousands)	2025			2024	2025			2024
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations:

Operating lease expense:
Premises and occupancy expenses from operating leases⁽¹⁾	$	167	$	188	$	517	$	613
Equipment expenses from operating leases⁽¹⁾		6		34		75		103
Total operating lease expense		173		222		592		716

Finance lease expense:
Equipment expenses from finance leases⁽¹⁾		7		—		7		—
Interest on finance lease liabilities		1		—		1		—
Total finance lease expense		8		—		8		—

Total lease expense	$	181	$	222	$	600	$	716

(1)	Includes immaterial variable lease costs.


	Nine Months Ended		Nine Months Ended
(In Thousands)	March 31, 2025		March 31, 2024
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows:
Operating cash flows from operating leases, net	$	592	$	666
Operating cash flows from finance leases, net	$	4	$	—
Financing cash flows from finance leases, net	$	4	$	—

Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases	$	979	$	68
Finance leases	$	84	$	—

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The following table provides information related to remaining minimum contractual lease payments and other information associated with the Corporation’s leases as of March 31, 2025:


	Operating Leases			Finance Leases
	Amount⁽¹⁾			Amount⁽¹⁾
Fiscal Year Ending June 30,	(In Thousands)			(In Thousands)
Remainder of fiscal 2025	$	173		$	8
Fiscal 2026		695			30
Fiscal 2027		506			30
Fiscal 2028		436			17
Fiscal 2029		141			—
Thereafter		11			—
Total contract lease payments	$	1,962		$	85

Total liability to make lease payments	$	1,838		$	80
Difference in undiscounted and discounted future lease payments	$	124		$	5
Weighted average discount rate		3.85	%		4.50	%
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)		3.1			2.8

(1)	Contractual base rents do not include property taxes and other operating expenses due under respective lease agreements.

Note 10: Stock Repurchases

During the third quarter of fiscal 2025, the Corporation purchased 51,869 shares of its common stock under the stock repurchase plans with a weighted average cost of $15.30 per share. For the first nine months of fiscal 2025, the Corporation purchased 209,066 shares of its common stock under the stock repurchase plans with a weighted average cost of $15.06 per share. As of March 31, 2025, 293,132 shares or 88 percent of authorized common stock under the existing plan remain available for purchase.

Note 11: Subsequent Events

On April 24, 2025, the Corporation announced that the Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.14 per share. Shareholders of the Corporation’s common stock at the close of business on May 15, 2025 are entitled to receive the cash dividend. The cash dividend will be payable on June 5, 2025.

ITEM 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

General

Provident Financial Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, was organized in January 1996 for the purpose of becoming the holding company of Provident Savings Bank, F.S.B. (the “Bank") upon the Bank’s conversion from a federal mutual to a federal stock savings bank (“Conversion”). The Conversion was completed on June 27, 1996. The Corporation is regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“Federal Reserve”). At March 31, 2025, the Corporation had total assets of $1.26 billion, total deposits of $901.3 million and total stockholders’ equity of $128.9 million. The Corporation has not engaged in any significant activity other than holding the stock of the Bank. Accordingly, the information set forth in this report, including financial statements and related data, relates primarily to the Bank and

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its subsidiaries. As used in this report, the terms “we,” “our,” “us,” and “Corporation” refer to Provident Financial Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context indicates otherwise.

The Bank, founded in 1956, is a federally chartered stock savings bank headquartered in Riverside, California. The Bank is regulated by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”), its primary federal regulator, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”), the insurer of its deposits. The Bank’s deposits are federally insured up to applicable limits by the FDIC. The Bank has been a member of the FHLB System since 1956.

The Corporation operates in a single business segment through the Bank. The Bank’s activities include attracting deposits, offering banking services and originating and purchasing single-family, multi-family, commercial real estate, construction and, to a lesser extent, other mortgage, commercial business and consumer loans. Deposits are collected primarily from 13 banking locations located in Riverside and San Bernardino counties in California. Loans are primarily originated and purchased in California. There are various risks inherent in the Corporation’s business including, among others, the general business environment, interest rates, the California real estate market, the demand for loans, the prepayment of loans, the repurchase of loans previously sold to investors, the secondary market conditions to buy and sell loans, competitive conditions, legislative and regulatory changes, fraud and other risks.

The Corporation began paying quarterly cash dividends during the quarter ended September 30, 2002. On January 23, 2025, the Corporation’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.14 per share for shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 13, 2025. This dividend was paid on March 6, 2025. Future dividend declarations and payments will be subject to the Board of Directors’ discretion, considering factors such as the Corporation’s financial condition, operational results, tax implications, capital requirements, industry standards, legal restrictions, economic conditions, and other relevant factors, including regulatory limitations that affect the Bank’s ability to pay dividends to the Corporation. Under Delaware law, dividends may be paid from surplus or, in the absence of surplus, from net profits of the current fiscal year and/or the preceding fiscal year in which the dividend is declared.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations is intended to assist in understanding the financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation. The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with the Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying selected Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Safe-Harbor Statement

Certain matters discussed in this Form 10-Q constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements relate to the Corporation’s consolidated statement of financial condition, liquidity, statements of operations, plans, objectives, future performance or business. You should not place undue reliance on these statements as they are subject to various risks and uncertainties. When considering these forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind these risks and uncertainties, as well as any cautionary statements the Corporation may make. Moreover, you should treat these statements as speaking only as of the date they are made and based only on information then actually known to the Corporation.

There are a number of important factors that could cause future results to differ materially from historical performance and these forward-looking statements. Factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from the results anticipated or implied by our forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

●

adverse economic conditions in our local market areas or other markets where we have lending relationships;

●

effects of employment levels, labor shortages, inflation, a recession or slowed economic growth;

●

changes in the interest rate environment, including increases or decreases in the Federal Reserve benchmark rate and the duration of such levels, which could adversely affect our revenues and expenses, the value of assets and obligations, and the availability and cost of capital and liquidity;

●

the impact of inflation and the Federal Reserve monetary policy;

●

the effects of any Federal government shutdown;

●

credit risks of lending activities, including loan delinquencies, loan charge-offs, changes in our allowance for credit losses (“ACL”), and provision for credit losses;

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●

increased competitive pressures among financial services companies, including repricing and competitors’ pricing initiatives, and their impact on our market position, loan, and deposit products;

●

quality and composition of our securities portfolio and the impact of adverse changes in the securities markets;

●

fluctuations in deposits;

●

secondary market conditions for loans and our ability to sell loans in the secondary market;

●

liquidity issues, including our ability to borrow funds or raise additional capital, if necessary;

●

expectations regarding key growth initiatives and strategic priorities;

●

the impact of bank failures or adverse developments at other banks and related negative press about the banking industry in general on investor and depositor sentiment;

●

results of examinations of us by regulatory authorities, which may include the possibility that any such regulatory authority may, among other things, institute a formal or informal enforcement action against us or our bank subsidiary which could require us to increase our ACL, write down assets, change our regulatory capital position or affect our ability to borrow funds or maintain or increase deposits or impose additional requirements or restrictions on us, any of which could adversely affect our liquidity and earnings;

●

legislative and regulatory changes, including changes in banking, securities and tax law, in regulatory policies and principles, or the interpretation of regulatory capital or other rules;

●

use of estimates in determining the fair value of assets, which may prove incorrect;

●

disruptions or security breaches, or other adverse events, failures or interruptions in or attacks on our information technology systems or on our third-party vendors;

●

staffing fluctuations in response to product demand or corporate implementation of strategies;

●

our ability to pay dividends on our common stock;

●

environmental, social and governance goals;

●

the potential for new or increased tariffs, trade restrictions or geopolitical tensions that could affect economic activity or specific industry sectors;

●

effects of climate change, severe weather events, natural disasters, pandemics, epidemics and other public health crises, acts of war or terrorism, civil unrest and other external events;

●

availability of appropriate insurance products in our market areas;

●

and other factors described in our Form 10-K and in this Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other reports filed with and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), which are available on our website at www.myprovident.com and on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

Forward-looking statements are based upon management’s beliefs and assumptions at the time they are made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements included in this document or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those contained in such statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking statements discussed in this document might not occur, and you should not put undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. These factors could cause our actual results for fiscal 2025 and beyond to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements by, or on behalf of, us and could negatively affect the Corporation’s consolidated financial condition and consolidated results of operations as well as its stock price performance.

Critical Accounting Estimates

The discussion and analysis of the Corporation’s financial condition and results of operations is based upon the Corporation’s condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

The Corporation’s critical accounting estimates are described in the Critical Accounting Estimates section of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and in Note 1 - Organization and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 (“2024 Annual Form 10-K”). There have not been any material

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changes in the Corporation’s critical accounting policies and estimates as compared to the disclosures contained in the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Form 10-K.

Executive Summary and Operating Strategy

Provident Savings Bank, F.S.B., established in 1956, is a financial services company committed to serving consumers and small to mid-sized businesses in the Inland Empire region of Southern California. The Bank conducts its business operations as Provident Bank and through its subsidiary, Provident Financial Corp (“PFC”). The business activities of the Corporation, primarily through the Bank, consist of community banking and, to a lesser degree, investment services for customers and trustee services on behalf of the Bank.

Community banking operations primarily consist of accepting deposits from customers within the communities surrounding the Corporation’s full service offices and investing those funds in single-family, multi-family and commercial real estate loans. Also, to a lesser extent, the Corporation makes construction, commercial business, consumer and other mortgage loans. The primary source of income in community banking is net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income earned on loans and investment securities, and the interest expense paid on interest-bearing deposits and borrowed funds. Additionally, certain fees are collected from depositors, such as overdraft fees, deposit account service charges, ATM fees, IRA/KEOGH fees, safe deposit box fees, wire transfer fees and overdraft protection fees, among others.

The Corporation plans to enhance its community banking operations through moderate asset growth, with a strategic focus on expanding its single-family, multi-family, commercial real estate, construction, and commercial business lending portfolios. In parallel, the Corporation plans to improve the composition of its deposit base by reducing reliance on retail time deposits and increasing the proportion of lower-cost checking and savings accounts. To further diversify its funding sources, the Corporation may utilize brokered certificates of deposit and government deposits, as appropriate based on market conditions and funding requirements. This strategy is designed to strengthen core revenue by improving the net interest margin and, in conjunction with asset growth, increase overall net interest income. While the Corporation’s long-term strategy targets moderate and sustainable growth, management recognizes that the pace and success of this growth will be influenced by general economic conditions and other external factors.

Investment services operations primarily consist of selling alternative investment products such as annuities and mutual funds to the Bank’s depositors. PFC performs trustee services for the Bank’s real estate secured loan transactions and has in the past held, and may in the future hold, real estate for investment. Investment services and trustee services contribute a very small percentage of gross revenue.

There are a number of risks associated with the business activities of the Corporation, many of which are beyond the Corporation’s control as described in the 2024 Annual Form 10-K. The Corporation attempts to mitigate many of these risks through prudent banking practices, such as interest rate risk management, credit risk management, operational risk management, and liquidity risk management.

The California economic environment presents heightened risk for the Corporation primarily with respect to real estate values and loan delinquencies. Since the majority of the Corporation’s loans are secured by real estate located within California, significant declines in the value of California real estate may inhibit the Corporation’s ability to recover on defaulted loans by selling the underlying real estate. Additionally, the commercial real estate environment, particularly office space of various types, currently presents elevated risk within the banking industry. In response, the Bank has reviewed its existing loans collateralized by office space for any outsized exposure and implemented tighter underwriting standards for this collateral type. At March 31, 2025, our commercial real estate portfolio totaled $75.3 million, including office space of various types, totaling approximately $39.9 million or 52.9 percent of the total commercial real estate portfolio and 3.8 percent of the total loan portfolio.

The January 2025 wildfires in Los Angeles, California did not have material impact to the Bank’s customers or collateral in our market area. However, the statewide economic repercussions of these events may indirectly affect the Corporation. These repercussions might include increased insurance premiums, stricter underwriting standards, and potential shifts in property values, which could elevate credit risk. Additionally, the long-term risk of recurring wildfires due to climate

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change presents ongoing challenges to real estate markets across the state. The Corporation remains committed to prudent risk management practices to mitigate potential risks and support customers in navigating any financial challenges that may arise. For additional information, see “Asset Quality” below.

Commitments and Derivative Financial Instruments

The Corporation is a party to financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. These financial instruments include commitments to extend credit, in the form of originating loans or providing funds under existing lines of credit, loan sale agreements to third parties and option contracts. These instruments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest-rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The Corporation’s exposure to credit loss, in the event of non-performance by the counterparty to these financial instruments, is represented by the contractual amount of these instruments. The Corporation uses the same credit policies in entering into financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk as it does for on-balance sheet instruments. For a discussion on commitments and derivative financial instruments, see Note 6 of the Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q.

Comparison of Financial Condition at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024

Total assets decreased one percent to $1.26 billion at March 31, 2025 from $1.27 billion at June 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in investment securities, partially offset by an increase in loans held for investment.

Total cash and cash equivalents, primarily excess cash deposited with the FRB of San Francisco, decreased $461,000, or one percent, to $50.9 million at March 31, 2025 from $51.4 million at June 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily attributable to utilization of cash to support loan growth in the held for investment portfolio, which was also funded by deposit inflows. This decline was partly offset by a decrease in borrowings and reflects management’s proactive strategy to manage liquidity in response to prevailing economic conditions.

Investment securities (held to maturity and available for sale) decreased $16.6 million, or 13 percent, to $115.3 million at March 31, 2025 from $131.9 million at June 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily the result of scheduled and accelerated principal payments on mortgage-backed and other securities during the first nine months of fiscal 2025, with no purchases or sales of investment securities during the period. For further analysis on investment securities, see Note 4 of the Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q.

Loans held for investment increased $6.0 million to $1.06 billion at March 31, 2025 from $1.05 billion at June 30, 2024, predominantly due to increases in single-family and commercial business loans, partly offset by declines in multi-family and commercial real estate loans. During the first nine months of fiscal 2025, the Corporation originated $93.3 million of loans held for investment, consisting primarily of single-family, multi-family and commercial real estate loans located throughout California, compared to $56.9 million originated during the nine months ended June 30, 2024. The Corporation did not purchase any loans during the first nine months of fiscal 2025 or 2024. Total loan principal payments during the first nine months of fiscal 2025 were $91.4 million, up 32 percent from $69.3 million during the comparable period in fiscal 2024, reflecting elevated payoff and amortization activity. Single-family loans held for investment at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024 totaled $545.4 million and $518.1 million, representing approximately 52 percent and 49 percent of loans held for investment, respectively. Multi-family loans held for investment at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024 totaled $429.5 million and $445.2 million, respectively, representing approximately 41 percent and 42 percent of loans held for investment, respectively. Commercial real estate loans held for investment at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024 totaled $75.3 million and $83.3 million, respectively, representing approximately seven percent and eight percent of loans held for investment, respectively. Commercial business loans at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024 totaled $4.2 million and $1.4 million, respectively.

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The tables below describe the geographic dispersion of gross real estate secured loans held for investment at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, as a percentage of the total dollar amount of loans outstanding:

As of March 31, 2025:


	Inland				Southern				Other				Other
	Empire⁽¹⁾				California⁽²⁾				California				States				Total
Loan Category	Balance		Percent		Balance		Percent		Balance		Percent		Balance		Percent		Balance		Percent
Single-family	$	144,639	27	%	$	182,022	33	%	$	218,486	40	%	$	230	—	%	$	545,377	100	%
Multi-family		51,952	12	%		250,513	58	%		127,082	30	%		—	—	%		429,547	100	%
Commercial real estate		13,360	18	%		41,022	54	%		20,967	28	%		—	—	%		75,349	100	%
Construction		—	—	%		837	100	%		—	—	%		—	—	%		837	100	%
Other		—	—	%		89	100	%		—	—	%		—	—	%		89	100	%
Total	$	209,951	20	%	$	474,483	45	%	$	366,535	35	%	$	230	—	%	$	1,051,199	100	%

(1)	Comprised of Riverside and San Bernardino counties.

(2)	Other than the Inland Empire.

As of June 30, 2024:


	Inland				Southern				Other				Other
	Empire⁽¹⁾				California⁽²⁾				California				States				Total
Loan Category	Balance		Percent		Balance		Percent		Balance		Percent		Balance		Percent		Balance		Percent
Single-family	$	146,003	29	%	$	175,127	34	%	$	196,707	37	%	$	254	—	%	$	518,091	100	%
Multi-family		56,693	13	%		256,692	59	%		131,797	28	%		—	—	%		445,182	100	%
Commercial real estate		13,583	18	%		44,574	54	%		25,192	28	%		—	—	%		83,349	100	%
Construction		228	30	%		1,480	58	%		984	12	%		—	—	%		2,692	100	%
Other		—	—	%		95	100	%		—	—	%		—	—	%		95	100	%
Total	$	216,507	23	%	$	477,968	46	%	$	354,680	31	%	$	254	—	%	$	1,049,409	100	%

(1)	Comprised of Riverside and San Bernardino counties.

(2)	Other than the Inland Empire.

For further analysis on loans held for investment, see Note 5 of the Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q.

Total deposits increased $13.0 million, or two percent, to $901.3 million at March 31, 2025 from $888.3 million at June 30, 2024, due to new government deposits of $50.1 million. The increase was primarily driven by the addition of $50.1 million in new government deposits. These deposits are generally priced competitively and subject to collateralization requirements under state regulations. Excluding these government deposits, all other deposit categories declined, reflecting continued competitive pressures for deposits in the Company’s market area as customers sought higher-yielding alternatives.

“Core deposit” balances, consisting of noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing transaction accounts, decreased by $23.1 million, or four percent, to $591.4 million at March 31, 2025, from $614.5 million at June 30, 2024. Time deposits increased $36.0 million to $309.9 million from $273.9 million over the same period, with the increase entirely attributable to new government time deposits. Excluding government deposits, both retail time deposits and brokered certificates of deposit declined, as the Company actively managed deposit pricing and funding costs. At March 31, 2025, total brokered certificates of deposit were $129.8 million, down slightly from $131.8 million at June 30, 2024. Excluding brokered CDs, retail time deposits represented 23 percent of total deposits at March 31, 2025, compared to 19 percent at June 30, 2024.

Total uninsured deposits were approximately $162.2 million (of which, $57.1 million were collateralized) and $122.7 million (of which, $9.0 million were collateralized) at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively. Uninsured deposits are based on estimated amounts of uninsured deposits as of the reported period. Such estimates are based on the same methodologies and assumptions used for regulatory reporting requirements.

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Total borrowings decreased $22.9 million, or 10 percent, to $215.6 million at March 31, 2025 from $238.5 million at June 30, 2024. The decrease in borrowings was due primarily to payoffs from the scheduled maturities. At March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, borrowings were comprised of short-term and long-term FHLB - San Francisco advances used for liquidity and interest rate risk management purposes.

Total stockholders’ equity declined $1.0 million, or one percent, to $128.9 million at March 31, 2025 from $129.9 million at June 30, 2024. The decrease was primarily due to $2.8 million of cash dividends paid to shareholders and $3.3 million of stock repurchases, partly offset by net income of $4.6 million and the amortization of stock-based compensation of $423,000 in the first nine months of fiscal 2025. The Corporation repurchased 209,066 shares of its common stock in the open market at a weighted average cost of $15.06 per share during the first nine months of fiscal 2025 pursuant to its publicly announced stock repurchase programs. In addition, the Corporation acquired 8,758 shares of the Corporation common stock at a cost of $13.24 per share in settlement of employees' withholding tax obligations related to the vesting of restricted stock in the first nine months of fiscal 2025.

Comparison of Operating Results for the Quarters and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024

Net income for the third quarter of fiscal 2025 was $1.9 million, up $362,000 or 24 percent from $1.5 million in the same period of fiscal 2024. The increase was primarily attributable to a $391,000 recovery of credit losses in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 (in contrast to a $124,000 provision for credit losses in the same quarter last year) and a $653,000 increase in net interest income, partly offset by a $688,000 increase in non-interest expense.

For the first nine months of fiscal 2025, net income was $4.6 million, down $769,000 or 14 percent from $5.4 million in the same period of fiscal 2024. The decrease was attributable to a $1.8 million increase in non-interest expense, partly offset by a $451,000 higher recovery of credit losses, a $115,000 increase in net interest income and $177,000 increase in non-interest income in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 as compared to the same period in fiscal 2024.

The efficiency ratio, defined as non-interest expense divided by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income, was 77.64 percent for the third quarter of fiscal 2025, compared to 76.20 percent in the same period last year. The increase of the efficiency ratio during the current quarter compared to the same period last year was primarily due to the increase in non-interest expense outpacing the increase in total net interest income and non-interest income. For the first nine months of fiscal 2025, the efficiency ratio was 79.26 percent, compared to 73.82 percent for the same period of fiscal 2024. The deterioration of the efficiency ratio during the first nine months of fiscal 2025 compared to the same period last year was due to the increase in non-interest expense outpacing the increase in total net interest income and non-interest income.

Return on average assetswas 0.59 percent in the third quarter of fiscal 2025, up 12 basis points from 0.47 percent in the same period last year. For the first nine months of fiscal 2025, return on average assets was 0.50 percent, down six basis points from 0.56 percent in the same period last year.

Return on average stockholders’ equity was 5.71 percent in the third quarter of fiscal 2025, up from 4.57 percent in the same period last year. For the first nine months of fiscal 2025, return on average stockholders’ equity was 4.72 percent, down from 5.51 percent in the same period last year.

Diluted earnings per share for the third quarter of fiscal 2025 were $0.28, up 27 percent from $0.22 in the same period last year. For the first nine months of fiscal 2025, diluted earnings per share were $0.68, down 12 percent from $0.77 in the same period last year.

Net Interest Income:

For the Quarters Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Net interest income increased $653,000, or eight percent, to $9.2 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2025 from $8.6 million in the same quarter last year. The increase was due to a higher net interest margin, partly offset by a lower average balance of interest-earning assets. The higher net interest margin was due to the average yield on interest-earning assets rising faster than the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities. The net interest margin during the third quarter of fiscal 2025 increased 28 basis points to 3.02 percent from 2.74 percent in the

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prior-year quarter, as the average yield on interest-earning assets increased 32 basis points to 4.73 percent, while the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities rose more modestly by five basis points to 1.91 percent. The average balance of interest-earning assets decreased $30.7 million, or two percent, to $1.22 billion in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 from $1.25 billion the same quarter last year as the average balance of both investment securities and loans receivable declined. Similarly, the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities decreased $27.6 million, or two percent, to $1.11 billion in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 from $1.13 billion in the same quarter last year primarily reflecting decreases in the average balance of transaction accounts, partly offset by an increase in the average balance of time deposits, particularly government deposits.

For the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Net interest income increased $115,000 to $26.6 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from $26.5 million in the same period in fiscal 2024, as a result of a higher net interest margin, partly offset by a lower average balance of interest-earning assets. The net interest margin was 2.92 percent in the first nine months of fiscal 2025, an increase of 12 basis points from 2.80 percent in the same period of fiscal 2024, as the average yield on interest-earning assets increased by 36 basis points to 4.67 percent, while the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities increased 26 basis points to 1.93 percent. The average balance of interest-earning assets decreased $47.9 million, or four percent, to $1.21 billion in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from $1.26 billion in the comparable period of fiscal 2024, primarily reflecting decreases in the average balance of loans receivable and investment securities. Similarly, the average balance of interest-bearing liabilities decreased by $44.8 million, or four percent, to $1.10 billion in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from $1.14 billion in the same period last year primarily reflecting decreases in the average balance of transaction accounts, partly offset by an increase in the average balance of time deposits, particularly government deposits and brokered certificates of deposit.

Interest Income:

For the Quarters Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Total interest income increased $622,000, or five percent, to $14.4 million for the third quarter of fiscal 2025 from $13.8 million for the same quarter of fiscal 2024. The increase was due primarily to an increase in interest income from loans receivable.

Interest income on loans receivable increased $685,000, or five percent, to $13.4 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 from $12.7 million in the same quarter of fiscal 2024. The increase was due to a higher average yield, partly offset by a lower average balance. The average yield on loans receivable increased 32 basis points to 5.06 percent in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 from an average yield of 4.74 percent in the same quarter last year. The higher average loan yield was due primarily to the upward repricing of adjustable rate loans and new loan originations with higher average interest rates. The average balance of loans receivable decreased $14.6 million, or one percent, to $1.06 billion in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 from $1.07 billion in the same quarter last year. Net deferred loan cost amortization in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 decreased six percent to $239,000 from $255,000 in the same quarter last year. Total loans originated for investment in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 were $27.9 million, up 53 percent from $18.2 million in the same quarter last year; while loan principal payments received in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 were $23.0 million, down 19 percent from $28.5 million in the same quarter last year.

Interest income from investment securities decreased $58,000, or 11 percent, to $459,000 in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 from $517,000 for the same quarter of fiscal 2024. This decrease was attributable to a lower average balance, partly offset by a higher average yield. The average balance of investment securities decreased $23.0 million, or 16 percent, to $118.4 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 from $141.4 million in the same quarter last year. The decrease in the average balance of investment securities was primarily the result of scheduled and accelerated principal payments on mortgage-backed and other securities. The average yield on investment securities increased nine basis points to 1.55 percent in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 from 1.46 percent for the same quarter last year. The increase in the average yield was primarily attributable to a lower premium amortization during the current quarter in comparison to the same quarter last year ($86,000 vs. $124,000) due to lower total principal repayments ($5.3 million vs. $5.7 million) and the upward repricing of adjustable-rate mortgage-backed securities.

The Bank received $213,000 of cash dividends from FHLB – San Francisco stock and other equity investments in the third quarter of fiscal 2025, up one percent from $210,000 in the same quarter last year. The average balance of FHLB – San Francisco stock and other equity investments in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 was $10.3 million, up eight percent from

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$9.5 million in the same quarter of fiscal 2024 while the average yield was 8.30 percent, down 54 basis points from 8.84 percent.

Interest income from interest-earning deposits, primarily cash deposited at the FRB of San Francisco, was $389,000 in the third quarter of fiscal 2025, down two percent from $397,000 in the same quarter of fiscal 2024. The decrease was due to a lower average yield, partly offset by a higher average balance. The average yield earned on interest-earning deposits in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 was 4.42 percent, down 98 basis points from 5.40 percent in the same quarter last year, due primarily to decreases in the interest rates paid on excess reserves. The average balance of interest-earning deposits increased $6.1 million, or 21 percent, to $35.2 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 from $29.1 million in the same quarter last year primarily due to an increased liquidity position that has not been fully utilized for loan fundings.

For the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Total interest income increased $1.7 million, or four percent, to $42.5 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from $40.8 million in the same period of fiscal 2024. The increase was due primarily to an increase in interest income from loans receivable, partly offset by decreases in interest income on interest-earning deposits and investment securities.

Interest income from loans receivable increased $2.0 million, or five percent, to $39.4 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from $37.4 million for the same period of fiscal 2024. The increase was due to a higher average yield, partly offset by a lower average balance. The average yield on loans receivable increased 36 basis points to 5.00 percent during the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from 4.64 percent in the same period last year. The increase in the average yield on loans receivable was primarily attributable to loans repricing upward and new loan originations with a higher average yield, partly offset by an increase in net deferred loan cost amortization to $975,000 in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from $664,000 in the same period of fiscal 2024. Adjustable-rate loans of approximately $353.9 million repriced upward in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 by approximately 40 basis points from an average yield of 7.58 percent to 7.98 percent. The average balance of loans receivable decreased by $22.0 million, or two percent, to $1.05 billion for the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from $1.07 billion in the same period of fiscal 2024. Total loans originated for investment in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 were $93.3 million, up 64 percent from $56.9 million in the same period last year. Loan principal payments received in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 were $91.4 million, up 32 percent from $69.3 million in the same period last year.

Interest income from investment securities decreased $153,000, or 10 percent, to $1.4 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from $1.6 million for the same period of fiscal 2024. This decrease was attributable to a lower average balance, partly offset by a higher average yield. The average balance of investment securities decreased by $23.4 million, or 16 percent, to $124.0 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from $147.4 million in the same period of fiscal 2024. The decrease in the average balance of investment securities was primarily the result of scheduled and accelerated principal payments on mortgage-backed and other securities. The average yield on investment securities increased by 10 basis points to 1.52 percent in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from 1.42 percent in the same period of fiscal 2024. The increase in the average yield was primarily attributable to lower premium amortization ($294,000 compared to $416,000) attributable to lower principal repayments ($16.3 million vs. $18.2 million) and, to a lesser extent, the upward repricing of adjustable rate mortgage-backed securities.

FHLB – San Francisco and other equity investments cash dividends received in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 were $636,000, up nine percent from $586,000 in the same period of fiscal 2024. The average balance of FHLB – San Francisco stock and other equity investments in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 was $10.2 million, up seven percent from $9.5 million in the same period of fiscal 2024, and the average yield was 8.33 percent, up 11 basis points from 8.22 percent.

Interest income from interest-earning deposits, primarily cash deposited at the FRB of San Francisco, was $1.0 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2025, down 20 percent from $1.3 million in the same period of fiscal 2024. The decrease was due to a lower average yield and, to a lesser extent, a lower average balance. The average yield earned on interest-earning deposits decreased by 59 basis points to 4.79 percent in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from 5.38 percent in the comparable period last year, due primarily to decreases in the interest rates paid on excess reserves. The average balance of the interest-earning deposits in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 was $28.4 million, a decrease of $3.1 million or 10 percent, from $31.5 million in the same period of fiscal 2024.

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Interest Expense:

For the Quarters Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Total interest expense decreased $31,000 or one percent to $5.2 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 as compared to the same quarter last year. The decrease was attributable to a lower interest expense on borrowing, partly offset by a higher deposit interest expense.

Interest expense on deposits for the third quarter of fiscal 2025 was $2.7 million, a $71,000, or three percent, increase as compared to the same quarter last year. The increase was attributable to a higher average cost of deposits, partly offset by a lower average balance. The average cost of deposits was 1.26 percent for the third quarter of fiscal 2025, up eight basis points from 1.18 percent in the same quarter last year, primarily due to a higher proportion of time deposits, which are typically higher cost. Time deposits accounted for 33 percent of total deposits in the third quarter of fiscal 2025, compared to 28 percent in the same quarter last year. The average balance of deposits decreased $25.8 million, or three percent, to $885.0 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 from $910.8 million in the same quarter last year due to decreases in transaction accounts which was partly offset by an increase in time deposits. The average balance of transaction accounts was $596.7 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2025, down $54.8 million, or eight percent, from $651.5 million in the same quarter last year; while the average balance of time deposits (including brokered certificates of deposit) increased $29.1 million, or 11 percent, to $288.4 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 from $259.3 million in the same quarter last year.

Interest expense on borrowings, consisting of FHLB – San Francisco advances, for the third quarter of fiscal 2025 decreased $102,000, or four percent, to $2.5 million from $2.6 million in the same quarter last year. The decrease was primarily the result of a lower average cost of borrowings and to a lesser extent, a lower average balance. The average cost of borrowings decreased 11 basis points to 4.52 percent in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 from 4.63 percent in the same quarter last year and the average balance of borrowings decreased $1.8 million or one percent to $221.8 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 from $223.6 million in the same quarter last year.

For the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Total interest expense increased $1.6 million, or 11 percent to $15.9 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from $14.3 million in the same period last year. The increase was attributable primarily to higher interest expense on deposits and, to a lesser extent, higher interest expense on borrowings.

Interest expense on deposits for the first nine months of fiscal 2025 was $8.2 million, a $1.4 million or 21 percent increase from $6.8 million for the same period last year. The increase was attributable to a higher average cost of total deposits, partly offset by a lower average balance. The average cost of deposits was 1.25 percent, up 26 basis points from 0.99 percent in the same period last year, attributable primarily to time deposits (including brokered certificates of deposit) which increased 24 basis points to 3.78 percent for the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from 3.54 percent for same period in fiscal 2024. The average balance of deposits decreased $45.7 million or five percent to $876.2 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from $921.9 million in the same period last year due primarily to a decrease of $77.9 million in the average balance of transaction accounts, partly offset by an increase of $32.2 million in the average balance of time deposits.

Interest expense on borrowings, consisting primarily of FHLB – San Francisco advances, for the first nine months of fiscal 2025 increased $185,000, or two percent, to $7.7 million from $7.5 million in the same period last year. The increase was primarily the result of a higher average cost and, to a lesser extent, a higher average balance. The average cost of borrowings increased nine basis points to 4.59 percent in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from 4.50 percent in the same period last year and the average balance of borrowings increased by $881,000 to $223.1 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from $222.2 million in the same period last year.

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The following table sets forth certain information for the periods regarding average balances of assets and liabilities as well as the total dollar amounts of interest income from average interest-earning assets and interest expense on average interest-bearing liabilities and average yields and costs thereof. Yields and costs for the periods indicated are derived by dividing income or expense by the average monthly balance of corresponding assets or liabilities, respectively, for the periods presented.

Average Balance Sheets


	Quarter Ended						Quarter Ended
	March 31, 2025						March 31, 2024
	Average				Yield/		Average				Yield/
(Dollars In Thousands)	Balance		Interest		Cost		Balance		Interest		Cost
Interest-earning assets:
Loans receivable, net⁽¹⁾	$	1,056,441	$	13,368	5.06	%	$	1,071,004	$	12,683	4.74	%
Investment securities		118,431		459	1.55	%		141,390		517	1.46	%
FHLB – San Francisco stock and other equity investments		10,268		213	8.30	%		9,505		210	8.84	%
Interest-earning deposits		35,182		389	4.42	%		29,099		397	5.40	%

Total interest-earning assets		1,220,322		14,429	4.73	%		1,250,998		13,807	4.41	%

Noninterest-earning assets		30,846						30,977

Total assets	$	1,251,168					$	1,281,975

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Checking and money market accounts⁽²⁾	$	364,012	$	46	0.05	%	$	399,185	$	90	0.09	%
Savings accounts		232,665		127	0.22	%		252,309		97	0.15	%
Time deposits		288,355		2,573	3.62	%		259,287		2,488	3.86	%

Total deposits⁽³⁾		885,032		2,746	1.26	%		910,781		2,675	1.18	%

Borrowings		221,787		2,471	4.52	%		223,632		2,573	4.63	%

Total interest-bearing liabilities		1,106,819		5,217	1.91	%		1,134,413		5,248	1.86	%

Noninterest-bearing liabilities		14,268						16,656

Total liabilities		1,121,087						1,151,069

Stockholders’ equity		130,081						130,906
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,251,168					$	1,281,975

Net interest income			$	9,212					$	8,559

Interest rate spread⁽⁴⁾					2.82	%					2.55	%
Net interest margin⁽⁵⁾					3.02	%					2.74	%
Ratio of average interest- earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities					110.25	%					110.28	%
Return on average assets					0.59	%					0.47	%
Return on average equity					5.71	%					4.57	%

(1)	Includes the average balance of non-performing loans of $1.5 million and $2.1 million and net deferred loan cost amortization of $239 thousand and $255 thousand for the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(2)	Includes the average balance of noninterest-bearing checking accounts of $88.4 million and $91.0 million during the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(3)	Includes the average balance of uninsured deposits of approximately $131.2 million and $139.0 million in the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(4)	Represents the difference between the weighted-average yield on all interest-earning assets and the weighted-average rate on all interest-bearing liabilities.

(5)	Represents net interest income before provision for (recovery of) credit losses as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.

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	Nine Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	March 31, 2025						March 31, 2024
	Average				Yield/		Average				Yield/
(Dollars In Thousands)	Balance		Interest		Cost		Balance		Interest		Cost
Interest-earning assets:
Loans receivable, net⁽¹⁾	$	1,050,748	$	39,441	5.00	%	$	1,072,741	$	37,368	4.64	%
Investment securities		123,983		1,412	1.52	%		147,445		1,565	1.42	%
FHLB – San Francisco stock and other equity investments		10,186		636	8.33	%		9,505		586	8.22	%
Interest-earning deposits		28,404		1,036	4.79	%		31,538		1,295	5.38	%

Total interest-earning assets		1,213,321		42,525	4.67	%		1,261,229		40,814	4.31	%

Noninterest-earning assets		30,314						30,673

Total assets	$	1,243,635					$	1,291,902

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Checking and money market accounts⁽²⁾	$	366,458	$	150	0.05	%	$	415,207	$	219	0.07	%
Savings accounts		236,987		356	0.20	%		266,145		208	0.10	%
Time deposits		272,731		7,738	3.78	%		240,553		6,406	3.54	%

Total deposits⁽³⁾		876,176		8,244	1.25	%		921,905		6,833	0.99	%

Borrowings		223,087		7,694	4.59	%		222,206		7,509	4.50	%

Total interest-bearing liabilities		1,099,263		15,938	1.93	%		1,144,111		14,342	1.67	%

Noninterest-bearing liabilities		13,461						17,105

Total liabilities		1,112,724						1,161,216

Stockholders’ equity		130,911						130,686
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,243,635					$	1,291,902

Net interest income			$	26,587					$	26,472

Interest rate spread⁽⁴⁾					2.74	%					2.64	%
Net interest margin⁽⁵⁾					2.92	%					2.80	%
Ratio of average interest- earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities					110.38	%					110.24	%
Return on average assets					0.50	%					0.56	%
Return on average equity					4.72	%					5.51	%

(1)	Includes the average balance of non-performing loans of $2.1 million and $1.7 million and net deferred loan cost amortization of $975 thousand and $664 thousand for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(2)	Includes the average balance of noninterest-bearing checking accounts of $88.4 million and $98.9 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(3)	Includes the average balance of uninsured deposits of approximately $127.5 million and $139.1 million in the nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

(4)	Represents the difference between the weighted-average yield on all interest-earning assets and the weighted-average rate on all interest-bearing liabilities.

(5)	Represents net interest income before provision for (recovery of) credit losses as a percentage of average interest-earning assets.

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The following table sets forth the effects of changing rates and volumes on interest income and expense for the quarters and nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Information is provided with respect to the effects attributable to changes in volume (changes in volume multiplied by prior rate), the effects attributable to changes in rate (changes in rate multiplied by prior volume) and the effects attributable to changes that cannot be allocated between rate and volume.

Rate/Volume Variance


	Quarter Ended March 31, 2025 Compared
	To Quarter Ended March 31, 2024
	Increase (Decrease) Due to
(In Thousands)	Rate		Volume		Rate/Volume		Net
Interest-earning assets:
Loans receivable⁽¹⁾	$	870	$	(173)	$	(12)	$	685
Investment securities		31		(84)		(5)		(58)
FHLB – San Francisco stock and other equity investments		(13)		17		(1)		3
Interest-earning deposits		(75)		82		(15)		(8)
Total net change in income on interest-earning assets		813		(158)		(33)		622

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Checking and money market accounts		(39)		(8)		3		(44)
Savings accounts		40		(7)		(3)		30
Time deposits		(175)		277		(17)		85
Borrowings		(82)		(21)		1		(102)
Total net change in expense on interest-bearing liabilities		(256)		241		(16)		(31)
Net increase (decrease) in net interest income	$	1,069	$	(399)	$	(17)	$	653

(1)	For purposes of calculating volume, rate and rate/volume variances, non-performing loans were included in the weighted-average balance outstanding.


	Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 Compared
	To Nine Months Ended March 31, 2024
	Increase (Decrease) Due to
(In Thousands)	Rate		Volume		Rate/Volume		Net
Interest-earning assets:
Loans receivable⁽¹⁾	$	2,897	$	(765)	$	(59)	$	2,073
Investment securities		115		(250)		(18)		(153)
FHLB – San Francisco stock and other equity investments		7		42		1		50
Interest-bearing deposits		(147)		(126)		14		(259)
Total net change in income on interest-earning assets		2,872		(1,099)		(62)		1,711

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Checking and money market accounts		(50)		(26)		7		(69)
Savings accounts		192		(22)		(22)		148
Time deposits		419		855		58		1,332
Borrowings		154		30		1		185
Total net change in expense on interest-bearing liabilities		715		837		44		1,596
Net increase (decrease) in net interest income	$	2,157	$	(1,936)	$	(106)	$	115

(1)	For purposes of calculating volume, rate and rate/volume variances, non-performing loans were included in the weighted-average balance outstanding.

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Provision for (Recovery of) Credit Losses:

For the Quarters Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. During the third quarter of fiscal 2025, the Corporation recorded a recovery of credit losses of $391,000, in contrast to a $124,000 provision for credit losses recorded during the same period last year. The recovery of credit losses recorded in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 was primarily attributable to an improvement in single-family residential collateral qualitative factors. The recovery was partially offset by the impact of a lengthening average life of the loan portfolio, as updated prepayment assumptions at March 31, 2025, reflected slower expected loan runoff compared to estimates as of December 31, 2024.

At March 31, 2025, the ACL on loans held for investment was $6.6 million, all of which was comprised of collectively evaluated allowances. This represents a six percent decrease from an ACL on loans held for investment of $7.0 million at December 31, 2024, which was also entirely comprised of collectively evaluated allowances. The ACL on loans as a percentage of gross loans held for investment was 0.62 percent at March 31, 2025, down from 0.66 percent at December 31, 2024. The decrease in the ACL on loans was due primarily to the recovery of credit losses recorded in the third quarter of fiscal 2025, totaling $391,000, which includes a $12,000 recovery of the unfunded loan commitment reserve.

The following chart quantifies the factors contributing to the changes in the ACL on loans held for investment (“LHFI”) for the quarters ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

The changes in the ACL on LHFI for the quarter ended March 31, 2025:

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The changes in the ACL on LHFI for the quarter ended March 31, 2024:

For the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. During the first nine months of fiscal 2025, the Corporation recorded a recovery of credit losses of $502,000, compared to a recovery of credit losses of $51,000 in the same period of fiscal 2024.

At March 31, 2025, the ACL on loans held for investment was $6.6 million, all of which was comprised of collectively evaluated allowances, slightly lower than the $7.1 million at June 30, 2024, which was comprised of collectively evaluated allowances of $7.0 million and individually evaluated allowances of $37,000. The recovery of credit losses recorded in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 was primarily attributable to an improvement in single-family residential collateral qualitative factors.

The ACL on loans as a percentage of gross loans held for investment was 0.62 percent at March 31, 2025, down from 0.67 percent at June 30, 2024. The decrease in the ACL on loans was due primarily to the recovery of credit losses recorded in the first nine months of fiscal 2025, totaling $502,000, which includes a $14,000 recovery of the unfunded loan commitment reserve.

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The following chart quantifies the factors contributing to the changes in the ACL on LHFI for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

The changes in the ACL on LHFI for the nine months ended March 31, 2025:

The changes in the ACL on LHFI for the nine months ended March 31, 2024:

Management considers, based on currently available information, the ACL on loans sufficient to absorb expected losses in loans held for investment. See “Asset Quality” below and Note 5 of the Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for additional discussion regarding the ACL on LHFI.

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Non-Interest Income:

For the Quarters Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Non-interest income increased by $59,000, or seven percent, to $907,000 in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 from $848,000 in the same period last year, due primarily to a $43,000 increase in loan servicing and other fees and a $55,000 increase in other fees (primarily attributable to an increase in the unrealized gain on other equity investments). These increases were partly offset by decreases of $26,000 and $13,000 in card and processing fees and deposit account fees, respectively, primarily due to lower transaction volumes and reduced customer activity.

For the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Non-interest income increased $177,000, or seven percent, to $2.7 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from $2.5 million in the same period last year, due primarily to a $104,000 increase in loan servicing and other fees and a $185,000 increase in other fees (primarily attributable to an increase in the unrealized gain on other equity investments). These increases were partly offset by decreases of $92,000 and $20,000 in card and processing fees and deposit account fees, respectively, primarily due to lower transaction volumes and reduced customer activity.

Non-Interest Expense:

For the Quarters Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Non-interest expenses increased $688,000, or 10 percent, to $7.9 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 from $7.2 million in the same quarter last year. The increase was primarily due to increases in salaries and employee benefits expenses and other operating expenses.

Salaries and employee benefits increased $236,000, or five percent, to $4.8 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 from $4.5 million in the same quarter of fiscal 2024. The increase was due primarily to higher employee compensation due to merit-based salary adjustments and competitive market-based wage increases, a higher accrual adjustment for the supplemental executive retirement plans driven by updated actuarial assumptions, higher group insurance expenses reflecting increased premiums, and higher equity incentive compensation due to increased stock-based awards. These increases were partly offset by a decrease in the retirement plan benefit expense.

Other operating expenses increased $235,000, or 30 percent, to $1.0 million in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 from $786,000 in the same quarter last year, primarily due to a $239,000 litigation settlement expense incurred during the current quarter. See Part II, Item 1. Legal Proceedings of this Form 10-Q.

For the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. Non-interest expenses increased $1.8 million, or eight percent, to $23.2 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from $21.4 million in the same period last year. The increase was primarily due to increases in salaries and employee benefits expenses and other operating expenses.

Salaries and employee benefits increased $1.0 million, or eight percent, to $14.2 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from $13.2 million in the same period of fiscal 2024, representing the largest increase in non-interest expense. The increase was due primarily to higher employee compensation, increased incentive compensation, higher retirement plan benefit expenses, and higher group insurance costs, for the same reasons discussed above. In addition, we incurred $164,000 in executive search agency fees during the current period. These increases were partly offset by a lower accrual adjustment for the supplemental executive retirement plans resulting from changes in actuarial assumptions.

Other operating expenses increased $491,000, or 22 percent, to $2.7 million in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 from $2.2 million in the same period last year. The increase was due primarily to higher litigation settlement expenses.

Provision for Income Taxes:

For the Quarters Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The income tax provision was $797,000 for the third quarter of fiscal 2025, up 29 percent from $620,000 in the same quarter last year primarily due to higher pre-tax income. The effective tax rate in the third quarter of fiscal 2025 was 30.0 percent as compared to 29.3 percent in the same quarter last year.

For the Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024. The income tax provision was $1.9 million for the first nine months of fiscal 2025, down 13 percent from $2.2 million in the same period last year primarily due to lower pre-tax

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income. The effective tax rate in the first nine months of fiscal 2025 and 2024 was 29.5 percent and 29.2 percent, respectively.

The income tax provision reflects accruals for taxes at the applicable rates for federal income tax and California franchise tax based upon reported pre-tax income, adjusted for the effect of all permanent differences between income for tax and financial reporting purposes, such as non-deductible stock-based compensation and earnings from bank-owned life insurance policies, among others. Therefore, there are fluctuations in the effective income tax rate from period to period based on the relationship of net permanent differences to income before tax.

Asset Quality

Non-performing assets were comprised of seven non-performing single-family loans and one multi-family loan at March 31, 2025, compared to 10 non-performing single-family loans at June 30, 2024. These non-performing loans, net of the ACL, were secured by collateral located in California, and totaled $1.4 million at March 31, 2025, down 46 percent from $2.6 million at June 30, 2024. Non-performing loans as a percentage of LHFI at March 31, 2025 was 0.13 percent, compared to 0.25 percent at June 30, 2024. No interest accruals were made for non-performing loans. There were no accruing loans 90 days or more past due and no real estate owned at either March 31, 2025 or June 30, 2024. For further analysis on non-performing loans, see the tables below and Note 5 of the Notes to Unaudited Interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of this Form 10-Q.

The January 2025 wildfires in Los Angeles, California did not have a material impact on the Corporation's operations or the Bank’s customers. The Bank’s branches and facilities remained operational throughout the wildfire events, and there were no significant disruptions to customer services or business activities observed. We identified $23.7 million dollars or 2.2% of our loans held for investment portfolio located in zip codes within the fire evacuation and evacuation warning zones. Additionally, we are aware of two homes with a combined loan balance of $650,000 with minor observable damage. Both homes are insured.

The following table sets forth information with respect to the Corporation’s non-performing assets, net of ACL, at the dates indicated:


	At March 31,			At June 30,
(In Thousands)	2025			2024
Loans on non-performing status
Mortgage loans:
Single-family	$	925		$	2,596
Multi-family		470			—
Total		1,395			2,596

Accruing loans past due 90 days or more		—			—


Total non-performing loans		1,395			2,596

Real estate owned, net		—			—
Total non-performing assets	$	1,395		$	2,596

Non-performing loans as a percentage of LHFI, net of ACL		0.13	%		0.25	%

Non-performing loans as a percentage of total assets		0.11	%		0.20	%

Non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets		0.11	%		0.20	%

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The following table summarizes classified assets, which is comprised of classified loans, net of ACL and real estate owned, if any, at the dates indicated:


	At March 31, 2025				At June 30, 2024
(Dollars In Thousands)	Balance			Count	Balance			Count
Special mention loans:
Mortgage loans:
Single-family	$	1,006		3	$	1,099		1
Multi-family		628		1		—		—
Total special mention loans		1,634		4		1,099		1

Substandard loans:
Mortgage loans:
Single-family		1,213		8		2,596		10
Multi-family		2,063		3		2,066		3
Commercial real estate		1,857		3		—		—
Total substandard loans		5,133		14		4,662		13

Total classified loans		6,767		18		5,761		14

Real estate owned		—		—		—		—

Total classified assets	$	6,767		18	$	5,761		14

Total classified assets as a percentage of total assets		0.54	%			0.45	%

A decline in real estate values subsequent to the time of origination of the Corporation’s real estate secured loans could result in higher loan delinquency levels, foreclosures, provision for credit losses and net charge-offs. Real estate values and real estate markets are beyond the Corporation’s control and are generally affected by changes in national, regional or local economic conditions, and other factors. These factors include fluctuations in interest rates and the availability of loans to potential purchasers, changes in tax laws and other governmental statutes, regulations and policies and acts of nature, such as earthquakes, fires and national disasters particular to California where substantially all of the Corporation’s real estate collateral is located. If real estate values decline, the value of the real estate collateral securing the Corporation’s loans as set forth in the table could be significantly overstated. The Corporation’s ability to recover on defaulted loans by foreclosing and selling the real estate collateral would then be diminished and it would be more likely to suffer losses on defaulted loans. The Corporation generally does not update the loan-to-value ratio on its loans held for investment by obtaining new appraisals or broker price opinions (nor does the Corporation intend to do so in the future as a result of the costs and inefficiencies associated with completing the task) unless a specific loan has demonstrated deterioration in which case individually evaluated allowances are established, if required.

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Loan Volume Activities

The following table provides details related to the volume of loan originations, sales and principal payments for the quarters and nine months indicated:


	For the Quarter Ended				For the Nine Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
(In Thousands)	2025		2024		2025		2024
Loans originated for sale:
Wholesale originations	$	—	$	378	$	3,355	$	4,448
Total loans originated for sale		—		378		3,355		4,448

Loans sold:
Servicing retained		—		(378)		(3,355)		(4,448)
Total loans sold		—		(378)		(3,355)		(4,448)

Loans originated for investment:
Mortgage loans:
Single-family		22,163		8,946		74,195		30,058
Multi-family		4,087		5,865		15,772		17,586
Commercial real estate		1,135		2,172		2,760		8,047
Commercial business loans		500		1,250		550		1,250
Total loans originated for investment		27,885		18,233		93,277		56,941

Loan principal payments		(22,980)		(28,513)		(91,351)		(69,276)
Increase in other items, net⁽¹⁾		472		276		4,075		467

Net increase (decrease) in LHFI	$	5,377	$	(10,004)	$	6,001	$	(11,868)

(1)	Includes net changes in undisbursed loan funds, deferred loan fees or costs, ACL, fair value of LHFI and advance payments of escrows.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The Corporation’s primary sources of funds are deposits, proceeds from principal and interest payments on loans and investment securities, proceeds from the maturity of loans and investment securities, FHLB – San Francisco advances, access to the discount window facility at the FRB of San Francisco and access to a federal funds facility with its correspondent bank. While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and investment securities are a relatively predictable source of funds, deposit flows and mortgage prepayments are greatly influenced by general interest rates, economic conditions and competition.

The primary investing activity of the Corporation is the origination and purchase of loans held for investment. During the first nine months of fiscal 2025 and 2024, the Corporation originated loans held for investment of $93.3 million and $56.9 million, respectively, with no loan purchases during either period. At March 31, 2025, the Corporation had loan origination commitments totaling $10.5 million, undisbursed lines of credit totaling $2.2 million and undisbursed loan funds totaling $53,000. The Corporation anticipates having sufficient funds available to meet its current loan funding commitments. During the first nine months of fiscal 2025 and 2024, total loan repayments were $91.4 million and $69.3 million, respectively.

The Corporation’s primary financing activity is gathering deposits and, when needed, borrowings, principally FHLB – San Francisco advances. During the first nine months of fiscal 2025, total deposits increased $13.0 million, or one percent, to $901.3 million, due to the addition of government deposits, partly offset by the declines in all other deposit account categories. Time deposits include brokered certificates of deposit totaling $129.8 million and $131.8 million at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively. At March 31, 2025, time deposits with a principal amount of $250,000 or less and

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scheduled to mature in one year or less were $196.5 million and total time deposits with a principal amount of more than $250,000 and scheduled to mature in one year or less were $89.2 million. Historically, the Corporation has been able to retain most of its time deposits as they mature.

The Corporation must maintain an adequate level of liquidity to ensure the availability of sufficient funds to support loan growth and deposit withdrawals, to satisfy financial commitments and to take advantage of investment opportunities. The Corporation maintains sufficient cash and cash equivalents to meet short-term liquidity needs. At March 31, 2025, total cash and cash equivalents were $50.9 million, or four percent of total assets. Depending on market conditions and the pricing of deposit products, the Bank may rely on FHLB – San Francisco advances for part of its liquidity needs. As of March 31, 2025, total borrowings were $215.6 million and the financing availability at the FHLB – San Francisco was limited to 40 percent of total assets. As a result, the remaining borrowing capacity available at the FHLB – San Francisco was $269.8 million and the remaining available collateral was $346.9 million at March 31, 2025. In addition, the Bank has secured a $151.0 million discount window facility at the FRB of San Francisco, collateralized by investment securities and single-family loans with a total balance of $259.1 million. As of March 31, 2025, the Bank also has a borrowing arrangement in the form of a federal funds facility with its correspondent bank for $50.0 million. The Bank had no advances under its discount window or correspondent bank facilities as of March 31, 2025.

The Bank continues to work with both the FHLB - San Francisco and FRB of San Francisco to ensure that borrowing capacity is continuously reviewed and updated in order to be accessed seamlessly should the need arise. This includes establishing accounts and pledging assets as needed in order to maximize borrowing capacity and liquidity. The total remaining available borrowing capacity across all sources totaled approximately $470.8 million at March 31, 2025.

Regulations require the Bank to maintain adequate liquidity to assure safe and sound operations. The Bank’s average liquidity ratio (defined as the ratio of average qualifying liquid assets to average deposits and borrowings) for the quarter ended March 31, 2025 was 14.3 percent, down from 16.6 percent for the quarter ended June 30, 2024.

On January 23, 2025, the Corporation’s Board of Directors announced a stock repurchase plan, authorizing the purchase of up to 334,773 shares of the Corporation’s outstanding common stock over a one-year period. In connection with this new program, the previously extended September 2023 stock repurchase program, which was extended for an additional year on September 26, 2024 and had 21,691 shares remaining available for repurchase as of January 23, 2025, was canceled effective January 24, 2025. The Corporation plans to purchase shares periodically in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions over a one-year period, subject to market conditions, the Corporation’s capital requirements, available cash, and other relevant factors. For the first nine months of fiscal 2025, the Corporation purchased 209,066 shares of its common stock under the stock repurchase plans with a weighted average cost of $15.06 per share. As of March 31, 2025, 293,132 shares or 88 percent of authorized common stock under the current plan remain available for purchase.

Provident Financial Holdings is a separate legal entity from the Bank and, on a stand-alone level, must provide for its own liquidity and pay its own operating expenses and cash dividends. Provident Financial Holdings’ primary sources of funds consist of capital raised through dividends or capital distributions from the Bank, although there are general regulatory restrictions on the ability of the Bank to pay dividends. We expect to continue our current practice of paying quarterly cash dividends on our common stock subject to our Board of Directors’ discretion to modify or terminate this practice at any time and for any reason without prior notice. Our current quarterly common stock dividend rate is $0.14 per share, as approved by our Board of Directors, which we believe is a dividend rate per share which enables us to balance our multiple objectives of managing and investing in the Bank, and returning a portion of our cash to our shareholders. Assuming continued cash dividend payments during fiscal 2025 at $0.14 per share, our average total dividend paid each quarter would be approximately $932,000 based on the number of outstanding shares at March 31, 2025. At March 31, 2025, the Corporation (on an unconsolidated basis) had liquid assets of $5.6 million.

The Bank, as a federally-chartered, federally insured savings bank, is subject to the capital requirements established by the OCC. Under the OCC’s capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weighting and other factors.

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At March 31, 2025, the Bank exceeded all regulatory capital requirements. The Bank was categorized as "well-capitalized" at March 31, 2025 under the regulations of the OCC. As a bank holding company registered with the Federal Reserve, Provident Financial Holdings, Inc. is also subject to the capital adequacy requirements of the Federal Reserve. For a bank holding company with less than $3.0 billion in assets, the capital guidelines apply on a bank only basis, and the Federal Reserve expects the holding company’s subsidiary bank to be well capitalized under the prompt corrective action regulations.

The Bank’s actual and required minimum capital amounts and ratios at the dates indicated are as follows (dollars in thousands):


					Regulatory Requirements
					Minimum for Capital				Minimum to Be
	Actual				Adequacy Purposes				Well Capitalized
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio⁽¹⁾		Amount		Ratio

Provident Savings Bank, F.S.B.:

As of March 31, 2025
Tier 1 leverage capital (to adjusted average assets)	$	123,261	9.85	%	$	50,037	4.00	%	$	62,546	5.00	%
CET1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	123,261	19.01	%	$	45,388	7.00	%	$	42,146	6.50	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	123,261	19.01	%	$	55,114	8.50	%	$	51,872	8.00	%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	129,881	20.03	%	$	68,082	10.50	%	$	64,840	10.00	%

As of June 30, 2024 ⁽²⁾
Tier 1 leverage capital (to adjusted average assets)	$	126,601	10.02	%	$	50,555	4.00	%	$	63,194	5.00	%
CET1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	126,601	19.29	%	$	45,934	7.00	%	$	42,653	6.50	%
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	126,601	19.29	%	$	55,777	8.50	%	$	52,496	8.00	%
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)	$	133,723	20.38	%	$	68,900	10.50	%	$	65,620	10.00	%

(1)	Inclusive of the conservation buffer of 2.50% for Common Equity Tier 1 (“CET1”) capital, Tier 1 capital and Total capital ratios.

(2)	The Bank elected to recognize the full $824 thousand adjustment to retained earnings resulting from the adoption of CECL on July 1, 2023 instead of over the permitted three-year phase-in option.

In addition to the minimum CET1, Tier 1 and Total capital ratios, the Bank is required to maintain a capital conservation buffer consisting of additional CET1 capital greater than 2.5% of risk-weighted assets above the required minimum capital levels. Failure to maintain the required buffer could result in limitations on the Bank’s ability to pay dividends, repurchase shares, and pay discretionary bonuses, based on specified percentages of eligible retained income. At March 31, 2025, the Bank’s capital exceeded the conservation buffer.

If the Bank does not have the ability to pay dividends to the Corporation, the Corporation may be limited in its ability to pay dividends to its stockholders. The Bank may not declare or pay a cash dividend if the effect thereafter would cause its net worth to be reduced below the regulatory capital requirements imposed by federal regulation. On September 26, 2024, the Bank paid a $9.0 million cash dividend to the Holding Company.

Supplemental Information


	At		At		At
	March 31,		June 30,		March 31,
	2025		2024		2024

Loans serviced for others (in thousands)	$	33,707	$	34,598	$	34,158

Book value per share	$	19.37	$	18.98	$	18.78

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ITEM 3 – Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

One of the Corporation’s principal financial objectives is to achieve long-term profitability while reducing its exposure to fluctuating interest rates. The Corporation has sought to reduce the exposure of its earnings to changes in interest rates by attempting to manage the repricing mismatch between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. The principal element in achieving this objective is to increase the interest rate sensitivity of the Corporation’s interest-earning assets by retaining for its portfolio new loan originations with interest rates subject to periodic adjustment to market conditions.

In addition, the Corporation maintains an investment portfolio, which is largely comprised of U.S. government sponsored enterprise MBS with contractual maturities of up to 30 years that reprice frequently or have a relatively short average life. The Corporation relies on retail deposits as its primary source of funds while utilizing FHLB – San Francisco advances, brokered certificates of deposit and government deposits as a secondary source of funding. Management believes retail deposits, unlike brokered certificates of deposit, reduces the effects of interest rate fluctuations because they generally represent a more stable source of funds. As part of its interest rate risk management strategy, the Corporation promotes transaction accounts and time deposits with terms up to seven years.

Using an internal interest rate risk model, the Corporation is able to analyze its interest rate risk exposure by measuring the change in net portfolio value (“NPV”) over a variety of interest rate scenarios. NPV is defined as the net present value of expected future cash flows from assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet commitments, if any. The calculation is intended to illustrate the change in NPV that would occur in the event of an immediate change in interest rates of -300, -200, -100, +100, +200 and +300 basis points (“bp”) with no consideration given to steps that management might take to counter the effect of the interest rate movement. As of March 31, 2025, the targeted federal funds rate range was 4.25% to 4.50%.

The following table is derived from the internal interest rate risk model and represents the NPV based on the indicated changes in interest rates as of March 31, 2025 (dollars in thousands).


	Net				Portfolio		NPV as Percentage
Basis Points ("bp")	Portfolio		NPV		Value of		of Portfolio Value		Sensitivity
Change in Rates	Value		Change⁽¹⁾		Assets		Assets⁽²⁾		Measure⁽³⁾
+300 bp	$	133,392	$	(16,485)	$	1,260,777	10.58	%	-106	bp
+200 bp	$	144,928	$	(4,949)	$	1,275,632	11.36	%	-28	bp
+100 bp	$	150,910	$	1,033	$	1,284,987	11.74	%	10	bp
Base Case	$	149,877	$	—	$	1,287,385	11.64	%	—
-100 bp	$	148,116	$	(1,761)	$	1,289,110	11.49	%	-15	bp
-200 bp	$	135,630	$	(14,247)	$	1,280,172	10.59	%	-105	bp
-300 bp	$	133,884	$	(15,993)	$	1,282,035	10.44	%	-120	bp

(1)	Represents the (decrease) increase of the NPV at the indicated interest rate change to the NPV at March 31, 2025 (“base case”).

(2)	Derived from the NPV divided by the portfolio value of assets.

(3)	Derived from the change in the NPV as a Percentage of Portfolio Value Assets from the base case ratio assuming the indicated change in interest rates (expressed in basis points).

The following table is derived from the interest rate risk model and represents the change in the NPV at a -200 basis point rate shock at March 31, 2025 and +200 basis point rate shock at June 30, 2024, each of which scenarios were the most severe shock of plus or minus 200 basis point rate shocks.


	At March 31, 2025		At June 30, 2024
	(-200 bp rate shock)		(+200 bp rate shock)
Pre-Shock NPV Ratio: NPV as a % of PV Assets	11.64	%	10.12	%
Post-Shock NPV Ratio: NPV as a % of PV Assets	10.59	%	9.17	%
Sensitivity Measure: Change in NPV Ratio	-105	bp	-95	bp

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The Corporation’s interest rate risk profile improved during the first nine months of fiscal 2025, as evidenced by increases in both the pre-shock and post-shock NPV ratios. The pre-shock NPV ratio increased 152 basis points to 11.64 percent at March 31, 2025 from 10.12 percent at June 30, 2024, while the post-shock NPV ratio increased 142 basis points to 10.59 percent at March 31, 2025 from 9.17 percent at June 30, 2024. The increase of the pre-shock NPV ratio and post-shock NPV ratio was primarily attributable to the changes in market interest rates, the composition of the balance sheet and the net income in the first nine months of fiscal 2025, partly offset by a $9.0 million cash dividend distribution from the Bank to Provident Financial Holdings in September 2024. The Corporation’s NPV sensitivity measure, which reflects the change in economic value of equity under a 200-basis point rate shock, increased modestly to 105 basis points at March 31, 2025 from 95 basis points at June 30, 2024. The overall results indicate a stronger capital position and improved resilience to changes in interest rates, consistent with the Corporation’s risk management strategy.

As with any method of measuring interest rate risk, certain shortcomings are inherent in the method of analysis presented in the foregoing tables. For example, although certain assets and liabilities may have similar maturities or periods to repricing, they may react in different degrees to changes in market interest rates. Also, the interest rates on certain types of assets and liabilities may fluctuate in advance of changes in market interest rates, while interest rates on other types of assets and liabilities may lag changes in market interest rates. Additionally, certain assets, such as adjustable rate mortgage (“ARM”) loans, have features that restrict changes in interest rates on a short-term basis and over the life of the loan. Further, in the event of a change in interest rates, expected rates of prepayments on loans and early withdrawals from time deposits could likely deviate significantly from those assumptions used when calculating the results described in the tables above. It is also possible that, as a result of an interest rate increase, the higher mortgage payments required from ARM loans could result in an increase in delinquencies and defaults. Accordingly, the data presented in the tables in this section should not be relied upon as indicative of actual results in the event of changes in interest rates. Furthermore, the NPV presented in the foregoing tables is not intended to present the fair market value of the Corporation, nor does it represent amounts that would be available for distribution to shareholders in the event of the liquidation of the Corporation.

The Corporation measures and evaluates the potential effects of interest rate movements through an interest rate sensitivity "gap" analysis. Interest rate sensitivity reflects the potential effect on net interest income when there is movement in interest rates. For loans held for investment, investment securities, deposits and borrowings with contractual maturities, the table presents contractual repricing or scheduled maturity. For transaction accounts (checking, money market and savings deposits) that have no contractual maturity, the table presents estimated principal cash flows and, as applicable, the Corporation’s historical experience, management’s judgment and statistical analysis concerning their most likely withdrawal behaviors.

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The following table represents the interest rate gap analysis of the Corporation’s assets and liabilities as of March 31, 2025:


	Term to Contractual Repricing, Estimated Repricing, or Contractual
	Maturity⁽¹⁾
	As of March 31, 2025
				Greater than			Greater than			Greater than
	12 months or			1 year to 3			3 years to			5 years or
(Dollars In Thousands)	less			years			5 years			non-sensitive			Total

Repricing Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	43,891		$	—		$	—		$	7,024		$	50,915
Investment securities		6,314			—			—			108,984			115,298
Loans held for investment		273,634			245,887			230,270			309,189			1,058,980
FHLB – San Francisco stock and other equity investments		10,289			—			—			—			10,289
Other assets		4,263			—			—			20,435			24,698
Total assets	$	338,391		$	245,887		$	230,270		$	445,632		$	1,260,180

Repricing Liabilities and Equity:
Checking deposits - noninterest-bearing	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	89,103		$	89,103
Checking deposits - interest bearing		37,259			74,518			74,518			62,097			248,392
Savings deposits		46,462			92,923			92,923			—			232,308
Money market deposits		10,820			10,820			—			—			21,640
Time deposits		285,765			19,079			4,552			480			309,876
Borrowings		155,500			45,080			15,000			—			215,580
Other liabilities		1,296			—			—			13,110			14,406
Stockholders' equity		—			—			—			128,875			128,875
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	537,102		$	242,420		$	186,993		$	293,665		$	1,260,180

Repricing gap (negative) positive	$	(198,711)		$	3,467		$	43,277		$	151,967		$	—
Cumulative repricing gap:
Dollar amount	$	(198,711)		$	(195,244)		$	(151,967)		$	—		$	—
Percent of total assets		(16)	%		(15)	%		(12)	%		—	%		—	%

(1)

Cash and cash equivalents are presented as estimated repricing; investment securities and loans held for investment are presented as contractual maturities or contractual repricing (without consideration for prepayments); FHLB - San Francisco stock and other equity investments are presented as contractual repricing; transaction accounts (checking, savings and money market deposits) are presented as estimated repricing; while time deposits (without consideration for early withdrawals) and borrowings are presented as contractual maturities.

The static gap analysis under “12 months or less” duration, “Greater than 1 year to 3 years” duration and “Greater than 3 years to 5 years” duration show negative positions in the "Cumulative repricing gap - dollar amount" category, indicating more liabilities are sensitive to repricing than assets in the short and intermediate terms. Management views noninterest-bearing deposits to be the least sensitive to changes in market interest rates and these accounts are therefore characterized as long-term funding. Interest-bearing checking deposits are considered more sensitive, followed by increased sensitivity for savings and money market deposits. For the purpose of calculating gap, a portion of these interest-bearing deposit balances are assumed to be subject to estimated repricing as follows: interest-bearing checking deposits at 15% per year, savings deposits at 20% per year and money market deposits at 50% in the first and second years.

The gap results presented above could vary substantially if different assumptions are used or if actual experience differs from the assumptions used in the preparation of the gap analysis. Furthermore, the gap analysis provides a static view of

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interest rate risk exposure at a specific point in time without taking into account redirection of cash flow activity and deposit fluctuations.

The extent to which the net interest margin will be impacted by changes in prevailing interest rates will depend on a number of factors, including how quickly interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities react to interest rate changes. It is not uncommon for rates on certain assets or liabilities to lag changes in the market interest rates. Additionally, prepayments of loans and early withdrawals of time deposits could cause interest sensitivities to vary. As a result, the relationship between interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, as shown in the previous table, is only a general indicator of interest rate sensitivity and the effect of changing interest rates on net interest income is likely to be different from that predicted solely on the basis of the interest rate sensitivity analysis set forth in the previous table.

The Corporation also models the sensitivity of net interest income for the 12-month period subsequent to any given month-end assuming a dynamic balance sheet accounting for, among other items:

●

The Corporation’s current balance sheet and repricing characteristics;

●

Forecasted balance sheet growth consistent with the business plan;

●

Current interest rates and yield curves and management estimates of projected interest rates;

●

Embedded options, interest rate floors, periodic caps and lifetime caps;

●

Repricing characteristics for market rate sensitive instruments;

●

Loan, investment security, deposit and borrowing cash flows;

●

Loan prepayment estimates for each type of loan; and

●

Immediate, permanent and parallel movements in interest rates of +300, +200 and +100, and -100, -200 and -300 basis points.

The following table describes the results of the sensitivity of the net interest income analysis at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024.


At March 31, 2025		At June 30, 2024
Basis Point (bp)	Change in	Basis Point (bp)	Change in
Change in Rates	Net Interest Income	Change in Rates	Net Interest Income
+300 bp	-0.31%	+300 bp	-8.12%
+200 bp	2.30%	+200 bp	-3.45%
+100 bp	1.98%	+100 bp	-0.51%
-100 bp	-2.78%	-100 bp	-0.67%
-200 bp	-5.68%	-200 bp	-1.15%
-300 bp	-10.05%	-300 bp	-1.86%

At March 31, 2025, the Corporation was in a slightly asset sensitive position as its interest-earning assets were expected to reprice more quickly than its interest-bearing liabilities during the subsequent 12-month period. Therefore, in a rising interest rate environment, the model projects an increase in net interest income over the subsequent 12-month period, except under the +300 basis point scenario. In a falling interest rate environment, the results project a decrease in net interest income over the subsequent 12-month period.

At June 30, 2024, the Corporation was close to neutral with regard to the sensitivity of net interest income as projected net interest income declines slightly under rising or declining interest rates during the subsequent 12-month period.

Management believes that the assumptions used to complete the analysis described in the table above are reasonable. However, past experience has shown that immediate, permanent and parallel movements in interest rates will not necessarily occur. Additionally, while the analysis provides a tool to evaluate the projected net interest income to changes in interest rates, actual results may be substantially different if actual experience differs from the assumptions used to complete the analysis, particularly with respect to the 12-month business plan when asset growth is forecast. Therefore, the model results that the Corporation discloses should be thought of as a risk management tool to compare the trends of the Corporation’s current disclosure to previous disclosures, over time, within the context of the actual performance of the treasury yield curve.

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ITEM 4 – Controls and Procedures.

(a) An evaluation of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Section 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Act”)) was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer), Interim Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer) and the Corporation’s Disclosure Committee as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report. In designing and evaluating the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Also, because of the inherent limitations in all control procedures, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Corporation have been detected. Additionally, in designing disclosure controls and procedures, management necessarily was required to apply its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible disclosure controls and procedures. The design of any disclosure controls and procedures is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Based on their evaluation, the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures as of March 31, 2025 were effective, at the reasonable assurance level, in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in the reports it files or submits under the Act is (i) accumulated and communicated to the Corporation’s management (including the Chief Executive Officer and Interim Chief Financial Officer) in a timely manner, and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

(b) There have been no changes in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Act) that occurred during the quarter ended March 31, 2025, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting. The Corporation does not expect that its internal control over financial reporting will prevent all error and all fraud. A control procedure, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control procedure are met. Because of the inherent limitations in all control procedures, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Corporation have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision-making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the control. The design of any control procedure is also based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control procedure, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

Periodically, there have been various claims and lawsuits involving the Corporation, such as claims to enforce liens, condemnation proceedings on properties in which the Corporation holds security interests, claims involving the making and servicing of real property loans, employment matters and other issues in the ordinary course of and incidental to the Corporation’s business. These proceedings and the associated legal claims are often contested and the outcome of individual matters is not always predictable. Additionally, in some actions, it is difficult to assess potential exposure because the Corporation is still in the early stages of the litigation.

On May 11, 2023, a former Bank employee, Cheryl Jones, filed a lawsuit in Placer County Superior Court alleging wage and hour violations and seeking civil penalties under California’s Private Attorneys General Act (“PAGA”).

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On December 14, 2023, another former employee, Jennifer Williams, filed a class action complaint in Riverside Superior Court asserting similar claims. The class action was subsequently dismissed, and Ms. Williams filed a PAGA-only representative action on February 2, 2024, in San Bernardino County Superior Court. Both matters were stayed pending mediation.

On February 20, 2025, the parties participated in mediation and agreed to a Memorandum of Understanding to settle all individual and representative PAGA claims for an aggregate settlement amount of $231,600. The full settlement expense was recognized in the third quarter of fiscal 2025, as no litigation reserve had previously been established. The settlement, which does not include any admission of liability, remains subject to court approval and other customary conditions.

The Corporation is not a party to any pending legal proceedings that it believes would have a material adverse effect on its financial condition, operations or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes in the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of the Corporation’s 2024 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

(a)	Not applicable.

(b)	Not applicable.

(c)	The table below represents the Corporation’s purchases of its equity securities for the third quarter of fiscal 2025.


					Maximum
				Total Number of	Number of Shares
				Shares Purchased as	that May Yet Be
	Total Number of	Average Price		Part of Publicly	Purchased Under
Period	Shares Purchased	Paid per Share		Announced Plan	the Plan⁽¹⁾
January 1, 2025 – January 31, 2025	14,980	$	15.66	14,980	330,021	⁽¹⁾
February 1, 2025 – February 28, 2025	17,006	$	15.93	17,006	313,015
March 1, 2025 – March 31, 2025	19,883	$	14.49	19,883	293,132
Total	51,869	$	15.30	51,869	293,132

(1)

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

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Item 5. Other Information.

(a)	Not applicable.

(b)	Not applicable.

(c)

Trading Plans. During the quarter ended March 31, 2025, no director or officer (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) under the Exchange Act) of the Corporation adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

Item 6. Exhibits.

Exhibits:


3.1		Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Provident Financial Holdings, Inc. as filed with the Delaware Secretary of State on November 24, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 9, 2010)

3.2		Amended and Restated Bylaws of Provident Financial Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Corporation’s Form 8-K filed on November 30, 2022)

4.1		Form of Certificate of Provident’s Common Stock (incorporated by reference to the Corporation’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (333-2230) filed on March 11, 1996)

4.2		Description of Capital Stock of Provident Financial Holdings, Inc. (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2019)

10.1		Employment Agreement with Donavon P. Ternes (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to the Corporation’s Form 8-K dated October 31, 2023)

10.2		Form of Amended Severance Agreement with Avedis Demirdjian, Glee A. Harris, Robert "Scott" Ritter, Lilian Salter, David S. Weiant and Gwendolyn L. Wertz (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Corporation’s Form 10-Q dated May 8, 2024)

31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2		Certification of Interim Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32.2		Certification of Interim Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101		The following materials from the Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2025, formatted in Extensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL): (1) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition; (2) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations; (3) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income; (4) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity; (5) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows; and (6) Selected Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


	Provident Financial Holdings, Inc.



Date: May 8, 2025	/s/ Donavon P. Ternes
	Donavon P. Ternes
	President and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer and Duly Authorized Officer)



Date: May 8, 2025	/s/ Haryanto L. Sunarto
	Haryanto L. Sunarto
	Interim Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)